America’s Forgotten Working Class | J.D. Vance | TED

1,263,445 views ・ 2016-10-17

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翻译人员: Hong Li 校对人员: Tingting Zhong
00:12
I remember the very first time I went to a nice restaurant,
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我还记得第一次走进一家很棒的餐厅,
00:15
a really nice restaurant.
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非常高档。
00:17
It was for a law firm recruitment dinner,
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那是一家律师事务所的招新晚宴,
00:19
and I remember beforehand the waitress walked around
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正式开始前,服务生四处游走,
00:22
and asked whether we wanted some wine,
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询问客人是否需要来点葡萄酒,
00:23
so I said, "Sure, I'll take some white wine."
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我说,“好吧,给我来点白葡萄酒。”
00:26
And she immediately said,
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她马上问我,
00:28
"Would you like sauvignon blanc or chardonnay?"
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“您是想要白苏维翁还是霞多丽?”
00:31
And I remember thinking,
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我当时想,
00:33
"Come on, lady, stop with the fancy French words
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“天哪,姐们儿,别整这些 高大上的法语词了行吗,
00:36
and just give me some white wine."
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给我一杯白葡萄酒就好了。”
00:39
But I used my powers of deduction
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但我发挥了自己杰出的推理能力
00:41
and recognized that chardonnay and sauvignon blanc
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猜测霞多丽和白苏维翁
00:43
were two separate types of white wine,
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应该是两种不同的白葡萄酒,
00:45
and so I told her that I would take the chardonnay,
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于是我要了霞多丽,
00:47
because frankly that was the easiest one to pronounce for me.
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因为这个词更好发音。
00:51
So I had a lot of experiences like that
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这样的经历还有很多,
00:54
during my first couple of years as a law student at Yale,
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尤其是在我在耶鲁大学念法律的头几年,
00:57
because, despite all outward appearances, I'm a cultural outsider.
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因为我不是他们圈子里的人, 尽管看起来挺像,
01:01
I didn't come from the elites.
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但我出身平凡。
01:02
I didn't come from the Northeast or from San Francisco.
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不是东北那一带的人,也不是旧金山人。
01:07
I came from a southern Ohio steel town,
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我的老家是俄亥俄州南部一个钢铁小镇,
01:09
and it's a town that's really struggling in a lot of ways,
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它一直在挣扎求生,
01:12
ways that are indicative of the broader struggles
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那种挣扎彷徨,就像美国工人阶级
01:14
of America's working class.
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如今的处境一般。
01:16
Heroin has moved in,
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海洛因泛滥,
01:18
killing a lot of people, people I know.
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很多人因此丧生,其中有我的熟人。
01:20
Family violence, domestic violence, and divorce have torn apart families.
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家庭暴力和离婚 导致许多家庭支离破碎。
01:25
And there's a very unique sense of pessimism that's moved in.
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有一种特别悲观的情绪蔓延开来。
01:29
Think about rising mortality rates in these communities
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死亡率不断升高,
01:32
and recognize that for a lot of these folks,
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很多人都意识到这一点,
01:34
the problems that they're seeing
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而他们亲眼见到的问题
01:36
are actually causing rising death rates in their own communities,
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正是导致社区死亡率升高的原因,
01:39
so there's a very real sense of struggle.
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这种挣扎彷徨的感受是如此真切。
01:43
I had a very front-row seat to that struggle.
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而我正是这种感受的亲历者。
01:45
My family has been part of that struggle for a very long time.
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我的家庭长期以来 一直经历着这种彷徨挣扎。
01:51
I come from a family that doesn't have a whole lot of money.
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我生于一个不甚富裕的家庭。
01:55
The addiction that plagued my community
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而在我们社区蔓延的毒品问题
01:57
also plagued my family, and even, sadly, my own mom.
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同样伤害到了我的家庭, 很不幸,是我的母亲。
02:01
There were a lot of problems that I saw in my own family,
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我亲眼见到了家里的很多问题,
02:05
problems caused sometimes by a lack of money,
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这些问题的起因,有的是因为缺钱,
02:08
problems caused sometimes by a lack of access to resources and social capital
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有的是因为缺乏社会资源和人脉,
02:13
that really affected my life.
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而这对我的影响很大。
02:16
If you had looked at my life when I was 14 years old
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如果你见过我14岁时过得怎么样,
02:19
and said, "Well, what's going to happen to this kid?"
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并问到,“这孩子将来会怎么样?”
02:22
you would have concluded that I would have struggled
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你也许会认为我会挣扎着往上爬,
02:25
with what academics call upward mobility.
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学术界管这叫“向上流动”。
02:28
So upward mobility is an abstract term,
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向上流动是一个抽象的术语,
02:31
but it strikes at something that's very core
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但它触及到了美国梦
02:34
at the heart of the American Dream.
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最核心的部分。
02:36
It's the sense,
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它是一个标准,
02:37
and it measures whether kids like me
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能衡量那些像我一样
02:39
who grow up in poor communities are going to live a better life,
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家境贫寒的孩子, 能不能过上好日子,
是不是有机会过上衣食无忧的生活,
02:42
whether they're going to have a chance to live a materially better existence,
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02:47
or whether they're going to stay in the circumstances where they came from.
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还是说会继续贫穷下去。
02:51
And one of the things we've learned, unfortunately,
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但不幸的是,我们了解到,
02:53
is that upward mobility isn't as high as we'd like it to be in this country,
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在美国,向上流动并没有 我们想象的那么容易,
02:57
and interestingly, it's very geographically distributed.
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而且有趣的是,它跟地域有很大的关系。
03:02
So take Utah, for instance.
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就拿犹他州来说,
03:04
In Utah a poor kid is actually doing OK,
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在犹他州,一个穷孩子可能会过得还好,
03:08
very likely to live their share and their part in the American Dream.
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很有可能在美国梦中找到自己的位置。
03:12
But if you think of where I'm from,
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但如果在我的家乡,
03:14
in the South, in Appalachia, in southern Ohio,
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南部的一些州,阿巴拉契亚地区, 俄亥俄州南部,
03:18
it's very unlikely that kids like that will rise.
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穷孩子可能就没什么出路。
03:22
The American Dream in those parts of the country
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从某种意义上来说,美国梦在这些地方
03:24
is in a very real sense just a dream.
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可能真的就只是个梦。
03:27
So why is that happening?
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为什么会这样呢?
03:30
So one reason is obviously economic or structural.
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一个原因显然是跟经济或结构有关。
03:32
So you think of these areas.
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看看这些地区。
03:34
They're beset by these terrible economic trends,
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它们的经济趋势很不好,
03:37
built around industries like coal and steel
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当年依靠煤炭和钢铁起家,
03:39
that make it harder for folks to get ahead.
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这些产业如今已经没落。
03:42
That's certainly one problem.
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这肯定是原因之一。
03:43
There's also the problem of brain drain, where the really talented people,
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还有一个问题就是人才流失, 很多有才华的人,
03:47
because they can't find high-skilled work at home,
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因为在家乡找不到有技术含量的工作,
03:49
end up moving elsewhere,
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只能远走他乡,
他们无法在老家创业或造福社会,
03:51
so they don't build a business or non-profit where they're from,
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就只能带着自己的才华远赴他乡。
03:54
they end up going elsewhere and taking their talents with them.
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这些地区有很多衰败的学校,
03:57
There are failing schools in a lot of these communities,
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03:59
failing to give kids the educational leg up
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无法给予孩子们更好的教育,
04:01
that really makes it possible for kids to have opportunities later in life.
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因此无法帮助他们在未来占得先机。
这些事都很重要。
04:05
These things are all important.
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我并不是说要忽视 (之前提到的)结构壁垒。
04:07
I don't mean to discount these structural barriers.
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但是当我回首人生, 回想我们社区的时候,
04:09
But when I look back at my life and my community,
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04:11
something else was going on, something else mattered.
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发现还有一些其他的事情也与之有关。
04:15
It's difficult to quantify, but it was no less real.
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这些事情很难量化,但是却真实存在。
04:20
So for starters, there was a very real sense of hopelessness
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首先,在我成长的社区,
04:23
in the community that I grew up in.
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你能真切感受到那种无望的氛围。
04:25
There was a sense that kids had that their choices didn't matter.
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孩子们觉得自己的选择毫无意义。
04:28
No matter what happened, no matter how hard they worked,
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无论他们如何努力,
04:31
no matter how hard they tried to get ahead,
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如何努力向前,
04:33
nothing good would happen.
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结果都是一样。
04:36
So that's a tough feeling to grow up around.
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这种消极的情绪四处蔓延。
04:39
That's a tough mindset to penetrate,
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命定论甚嚣尘上,
04:42
and it leads sometimes to very conspiratorial places.
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甚至有点阴谋论的感觉。
04:47
So let's just take one political issue that's pretty hot,
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以非常热门的一个政治话题为例,
04:51
affirmative action.
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平权法案。
04:52
So depending on your politics, you might think that affirmative action
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根据政治观点(不同), 你也许会认为平权法案
在推动工作场所或者学校的多样性上
04:56
is either a wise or an unwise way to promote diversity in the workplace
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是明智的或者不明智的。
04:59
or the classroom.
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05:00
But if you grow up in an area like this,
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但如果你成长于这样的社区,
05:02
you see affirmative action as a tool to hold people like you back.
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你可能会把平权法案看作是一种限制。
05:06
That's especially true if you're a member of the white working class.
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尤其当你是白人工人阶级的一员时。
05:09
You see it as something that isn't just about good or bad policy.
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在你眼里,它不再简单的 是一个好政策或者坏政策。
05:13
You see it as something that's actively conspiring,
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你会把它看成是
那些握有政治或财政大权的人
05:16
where people with political and financial power
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05:18
are working against you.
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来压迫你的工具。
05:19
And there are a lot of ways that you see that conspiracy against you --
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你可以从不同角度 来看待这种针对你的阴谋论——
05:25
perceived, real, but it's there,
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可察觉的,真实的,但它确实存在,
05:28
and it warps expectations.
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而且会扭曲你的期望。
05:31
So if you think about what do you do when you grow up in that world,
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想象一下,成长在 那样的环境中,你该怎么办,
可能应对方法有很多种。
05:34
you can respond in a couple of ways.
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第一种,你可以说, “我才不会努力奋斗,
05:36
One, you can say, "I'm not going to work hard,
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因为无论怎样努力,结果都一样。”
05:38
because no matter how hard I work, it's not going to matter."
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而另一种方式就是,
05:41
Another thing you might do is say,
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05:42
"Well, I'm not going to go after the traditional markers of success,
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“好吧,我不会追求传统意义上的成功,
比如上大学,或者找份体面的工作,
05:46
like a university education or a prestigious job,
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05:48
because the people who care about those things are unlike me.
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因为重视这些事的人跟我不是一类人,
他们不会接纳我。”
05:51
They're never going to let me in."
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当我被耶鲁大学录取后,一个亲戚问我,
05:53
When I got admitted to Yale, a family member asked me
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我是不是假装成民主党成员, 来获得招生委员会的认可。
05:55
if I had pretended to be a liberal to get by the admissions committee.
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05:58
Seriously.
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真事儿。
06:00
And it's obviously not the case that there was a liberal box to check
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入学申请表上当然没有 “民主党成员”这个选项
06:04
on the application,
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让你勾选,
06:06
but it speaks to a very real insecurity in these places
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但这件事道出了一个事实, 就是我们那里非常缺乏安全感,
06:09
that you have to pretend to be somebody you're not
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你需要伪装成另一种人,
才能越过重重社会壁垒。
06:12
to get past these various social barriers.
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06:15
It's a very significant problem.
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这是一个非常重要的问题。
06:17
Even if you don't give in to that hopelessness,
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即便你没有感到无望,
06:20
even if you think, let's say,
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即使你坚定的认为,
06:21
that your choices matter and you want to make the good choices,
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你的选择是有意义的,你想做出好的选择,
06:25
you want to do better for yourself and for your family,
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你想为了自己和家庭努力奋斗,
06:28
it's sometimes hard to even know what those choices are
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但生长在我那样的社区,
06:31
when you grow up in a community like I did.
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你甚至都不知道有哪些路可以选。
06:33
I didn't know, for example,
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像我小时候,
06:35
that you had to go to law school to be a lawyer.
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不知道想成为律师,要先上法学院。
06:38
I didn't know that elite universities, as research consistently tells us,
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不知道一流的大学 ——像研究结果不断表明的那样——
06:42
are cheaper for low-income kids
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对于贫困的孩子收费要低,
06:44
because these universities have bigger endowments,
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因为好大学得到的捐款更多,
06:46
can offer more generous financial aid.
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可以给学生更多资助。
06:48
I remember I learned this
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直到我收到耶鲁大学的助学津贴信,
06:50
when I got the financial aid letter from Yale for myself,
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我才知道有这么回事,
06:53
tens of thousands of dollars in need-based aid,
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那是上万美元的按需资助,
06:55
which is a term I had never heard before.
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我以前连听都没听过。
06:57
But I turned to my aunt when I got that letter and said,
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我拿着信对我阿姨说,
07:00
"You know, I think this just means that for the first time in my life,
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“这是我有生以来第一次,
07:03
being poor has paid really well."
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因为穷得到的实惠。”
07:07
So I didn't have access to that information
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我之前不了解这方面的信息,
07:10
because the social networks around me didn't have access to that information.
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是因为我周围的圈子 都不知道这些信息。
07:13
I learned from my community how to shoot a gun, how to shoot it well.
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我从社区学到的是 如何开枪,如何打得准。
07:17
I learned how to make a damn good biscuit recipe.
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我学到的是如何做好吃的饼干。
07:20
The trick, by the way, is frozen butter, not warm butter.
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顺便提一句,诀窍就是, 用冰冻的黄油,不要用加热的。
07:24
But I didn't learn how to get ahead.
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但我不知道如何出人头地。
07:26
I didn't learn how to make the good decisions
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不知道在关键时刻如何抉择,
07:28
about education and opportunity
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比如选择大学,面临机遇,
07:30
that you need to make
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怎样才能做出对的选择,
07:33
to actually have a chance in this 21st century knowledge economy.
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从而在21世纪这个 知识经济时代赢得一席之地。
07:36
Economists call the value that we gain from our informal networks,
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经济学家将我们从 人脉圈子中获取的价值,
07:40
from our friends and colleagues and family "social capital."
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比如朋友、同事和家人, 叫做“社会资本”。
07:44
The social capital that I had wasn't built for 21st century America,
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而我过去的社会资本根本 不适用于21世纪的美国,
07:48
and it showed.
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事实也证明了这一点。
07:50
There's something else that's really important that's going on
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还有一些非常重要的事情
07:53
that our community doesn't like to talk about,
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我们的社区不愿意谈起,
07:55
but it's very real.
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但它们又真实存在。
07:57
Working-class kids are much more likely
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工人阶级的孩子更多的
07:59
to face what's called adverse childhood experiences,
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要面临所谓的“不利的童年经历”,
08:01
which is just a fancy word for childhood trauma:
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其实这就是对童年创伤 一种比较委婉的说法:
08:06
getting hit or yelled at, put down by a parent repeatedly,
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被家长不停打骂和惩罚,
08:09
watching someone hit or beat your parent,
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目睹他人殴打自己的父母,
08:12
watching someone do drugs or abuse alcohol.
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目睹别人吸毒或者酗酒。
08:15
These are all instances of childhood trauma,
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这都是童年创伤的例子,
08:18
and they're pretty commonplace in my family.
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在我家这些现象很常见。
08:20
Importantly, they're not just commonplace in my family right now.
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重要的是,这种情况不是现在才有。
08:24
They're also multigenerational.
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而是延续了好几代人。
08:26
So my grandparents,
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我的外公外婆,
08:28
the very first time that they had kids,
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在他们刚有了孩子的时候,
08:31
they expected that they were going to raise them in a way
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他们原本也期望用好的方法
08:34
that was uniquely good.
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将孩子养育成人。
08:35
They were middle class,
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他们曾属于中产阶级,
08:37
they were able to earn a good wage in a steel mill.
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在炼钢厂有不错的薪水。
08:39
But what ended up happening
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但结果却是
08:40
is that they exposed their kids to a lot of the childhood trauma
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他们给孩子们带来了许多童年创伤,
08:43
that had gone back many generations.
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跟早几代人的处境没什么区别。
08:46
My mom was 12 when she saw my grandma set my grandfather on fire.
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我母亲12岁那年, 看见我外婆在我外公身上点火,
08:52
His crime was that he came home drunk
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就因为他喝得醉醺醺地回家,
08:54
after she told him,
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而外婆事先警告过他,
08:56
"If you come home drunk, I'm gonna kill you."
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“如果你喝醉酒回家,我就要杀了你。”
08:59
And she tried to do it.
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结果,她真的试着这么做了。
09:01
Think about the way that that affects a child's mind.
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想想这样的事会对孩子的心灵 产生怎样的影响。
09:05
And we think of these things as especially rare,
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我们可能会认为这只是个别现象,
09:08
but a study by the Wisconsin Children's Trust Fund found
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但威斯康辛儿童信托基金的研究表明,
09:12
that 40 percent of low-income kids face multiple instances of childhood trauma,
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低收入家庭的孩子遭受 多种童年创伤的几率为40%,
09:18
compared to only 29 percent for upper-income kids.
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而高收入家庭的孩子为29%。
09:22
And think about what that really means.
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想想这意味着什么。
09:24
If you're a low-income kid,
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如果你们都生在低收入家庭,
09:26
almost half of you face multiple instances of childhood trauma.
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你们中间差不多会有 一半的人会遭遇多种童年创伤。
09:31
This is not an isolated problem.
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这不是一个孤立的问题。
09:32
This is a very significant issue.
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非常值得我们注意。
09:35
We know what happens to the kids who experience that life.
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我们都清楚, 这样的孩子会经历怎样的人生。
09:39
They're more likely to do drugs, more likely to go to jail,
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他们很可能会吸毒,会进监狱,
09:43
more likely to drop out of high school,
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会从高中辍学,
09:45
and most importantly,
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最重要的是,
09:47
they're more likely to do to their children
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他们很可能会在自己的孩子身上
09:49
what their parents did to them.
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重复父母对自己的所作所为。
09:51
This trauma, this chaos in the home,
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这种伤害,这种家庭的混乱,
09:54
is our culture's very worst gift to our children,
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是我们的文化给孩子最糟糕的礼物,
09:58
and it's a gift that keeps on giving.
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而这种礼物还在不停地被送出。
10:02
So you combine all that,
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把这些都加在一起,
10:04
the hopelessness, the despair,
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无望,绝望,
10:06
the cynicism about the future,
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对未来的怀疑,
10:09
the childhood trauma,
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童年的创伤,
10:11
the low social capital,
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低社会资本,
10:13
and you begin to understand why me,
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你就会了解,为什么我
10:15
at the age of 14,
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在14岁那年,
10:17
was ready to become just another statistic,
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几乎就要成为又一个例子,
10:19
another kid who failed to beat the odds.
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被这些壁垒困死的又一个孩子。
10:22
But something unexpected happened.
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但意料之外的事情发生了。
10:25
I did beat the odds.
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我冲破了这些壁垒。
10:27
Things turned up for me.
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事情出现了转机。
10:29
I graduated from high school, from college, I went to law school,
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我念完高中,上了大学,进入法学院,
10:33
and I have a pretty good job now.
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找到了一份不错的工作。
10:35
So what happened?
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究竟发生了什么呢?
10:37
Well, one thing that happened is that my grandparents,
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首先是我的外公外婆,
10:39
the same grandparents of setting someone on fire fame,
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就是尝试在人身上点火的外公外婆,
10:42
they really shaped up by the time I came around.
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在我出生之后,改过自新了。
10:45
They provided me a stable home,
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他们给了我一个稳定的家,
10:48
a stable family.
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稳定的家庭。
10:49
They made sure
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他们竭尽全力,
10:50
that when my parents weren't able to do the things that kids need,
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在我的父母无法尽到责任时,
他们能及时出现,顶替父母的角色。
10:54
they stepped in and filled that role.
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10:56
My grandma especially did two things that really matter.
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我的外婆做了2件非常重要的事。
10:59
One, she provided that peaceful home that allowed me to focus on homework
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第一,她创造了和平的 家庭环境,让我专心做功课,
11:03
and the things that kids should be focused on.
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专心做孩子应该做的事情。
11:05
But she was also this incredibly perceptive woman,
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而且她是一位洞察力极强的女性,
11:08
despite not even having a middle school education.
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尽管连中学都没有上过。
11:10
She recognized the message that my community had for me,
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她察觉到了社区 对我产生的不良影响,
11:13
that my choices didn't matter,
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就是我们的选择毫无意义,
11:15
that the deck was stacked against me.
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我们面前有重重阻碍。
有一次她告诉我,
11:17
She once told me,
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11:18
"JD, never be like those losers who think the deck is stacked against them.
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“JD,不要像那些没出息的人一样, 觉得整个世界都在跟他们作对。
11:22
You can do anything you want to."
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你可以做成任何想做的事情。”
11:24
And yet she recognized that life wasn't fair.
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尽管她知道生活是不公平的。
11:27
It's hard to strike that balance,
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要打破这种平衡非常难,
11:29
to tell a kid that life isn't fair,
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2016
要告诉一个孩子生活不公平也非常难。
11:31
but also recognize and enforce in them the reality that their choices matter.
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但即使这样,也要告诉孩子, 他们的选择是有意义的。
11:36
But mamaw was able to strike that balance.
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但是外婆能打破这种平衡。
11:41
The other thing that really helped was the United States Marine Corps.
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另一个帮到我的就是美国海军陆战队。
我们认为海军陆战队 是一个军事单位,它当然是,
11:44
So we think of the Marine Corps as a military outfit, and of course it is,
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但对我而言,美国海军陆战队 是一次长达4年的,
11:47
but for me, the US Marine Corps was a four-year crash course
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性格教育课程。
11:50
in character education.
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它教会我如何铺床,怎么洗衣,
11:52
It taught me how to make a bed, how to do laundry,
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怎么早起,怎么规划自己的开销。
11:54
how to wake up early, how to manage my finances.
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11:56
These are things my community didn't teach me.
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这些都是社区没有教我的东西。
11:58
I remember when I went to go buy a car for the very first time,
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我还记得第一次去买车,
12:01
I was offered a dealer's low, low interest rate of 21.9 percent,
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一个经销商给了我非常非常 “低”的贷款利息,21.9%,
12:06
and I was ready to sign on the dotted line.
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我都准备签合同了。
12:09
But I didn't take that deal,
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但我最后没有签,
12:11
because I went and took it to my officer
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2016
因为我把合同拿给我的长官看,
12:13
who told me, "Stop being an idiot,
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2136
他告诉我,“别傻了,
12:15
go to the local credit union, and get a better deal."
259
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去找本地的信贷联盟,拿一个更好的价。”
12:18
And so that's what I did.
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我照做了。
12:19
But without the Marine Corps,
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如果没有海军陆战队,
我可能永远也没法了解这个知识。
12:21
I would have never had access to that knowledge.
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我可能还会遭遇财政危机。
12:23
I would have had a financial calamity, frankly.
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12:26
The last thing I want to say is that I had a lot of good fortune
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最后我还想说,我非常幸运
12:29
in the mentors and people
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能遇见很多很好的导师和人,
12:31
who have played an important role in my life.
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他们在我生命中扮演了 非常重要的角色。
12:33
From the Marines, from Ohio State, from Yale,
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3056
在海军陆战队,在俄亥俄州,在耶鲁大学,
12:36
from other places,
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在其他地方,
12:38
people have really stepped in
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大家都走近我,
12:39
and ensured that they filled that social capital gap
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帮我填满那条社会资本的鸿沟,
12:42
that it was pretty obvious, apparently, that I had.
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这条鸿沟在我身上表现得很明显。
12:45
That comes from good fortune,
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这是一种很大的幸运,
12:47
but a lot of children aren't going to have that good fortune,
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但是很多孩子都没有这样的好运,
12:51
and I think that raises really important questions for all of us
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这就为我们引出了非常重要的问题,
12:54
about how we're going to change that.
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那就是该如何改变这一点。
12:57
We need to ask questions about how we're going to give low-income kids
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我们要思考如何帮助 那些低收入家庭的孩子,
13:01
who come from a broken home access to a loving home.
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让他们破碎的家庭重新充满爱。
13:05
We need to ask questions
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我们要思考
13:06
about how we're going to teach low-income parents
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如何教育低收入的父母
13:08
how to better interact with their children,
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同自己的孩子,同自己的爱人,
13:10
with their partners.
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更好地互动。
13:12
We need to ask questions about how we give social capital,
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我们要思考如何为贫穷的孩子,
13:16
mentorship to low-income kids who don't have it.
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提供社会资本和引导。
13:20
We need to think about how we teach working class children
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我们要思考如何教育工人阶级的孩子,
13:23
about not just hard skills,
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不仅仅是硬技能,
13:25
like reading, mathematics,
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比如阅读,数学,
13:28
but also soft skills,
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还有软技能,
13:29
like conflict resolution and financial management.
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比如危机处理和理财。
13:33
Now, I don't have all of the answers.
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现在,我并没有所有这些问题的答案。
13:36
I don't know all of the solutions to this problem,
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我也不知该如何彻底解决这些问题,
13:40
but I do know this:
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但我明确知道的是:
13:42
in southern Ohio right now,
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现在,在南俄亥俄州,
13:44
there's a kid who is anxiously awaiting their dad,
293
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有孩子在焦急等待自己的父亲,
13:48
wondering whether, when he comes through the door,
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在想着,当他走进家门的时候,
13:50
he'll walk calmly or stumble drunkly.
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是正常的,还是喝得东倒西歪的。
13:54
There's a kid
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有的孩子
13:56
whose mom sticks a needle in her arm
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看着自己的母亲往胳膊里扎针,
13:58
and passes out,
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然后失去知觉,
14:00
and he doesn't know why she doesn't cook him dinner,
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他不明白为什么妈妈不给自己做饭,
14:03
and he goes to bed hungry that night.
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只好饿着肚子爬上床。
14:06
There's a kid who has no hope for the future
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有的孩子对未来不抱希望,
14:10
but desperately wants to live a better life.
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但又非常想过上更好的生活。
14:13
They just want somebody to show it to them.
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他们需要有人教他们怎么做。
14:16
I don't have all the answers,
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我没有所有的答案,
14:18
but I know that unless our society starts asking better questions
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但我知道,除非整个社会开始思考
14:23
about why I was so lucky
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为什么我如此幸运,
14:25
and about how to get that luck to more of our communities
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如何让更多的社区,
14:28
and our country's children,
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让更多的孩子得到这份幸运,
14:30
we're going to continue to have a very significant problem.
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否则我们将会 不断遇到非常严重的问题。
14:33
Thank you.
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谢谢大家。
14:34
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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