Did the global response to 9/11 make us safer? | Benedetta Berti

翻译人员: jacks peng 校对人员: Yinchun Rui

Almost 20 years have passed since 9/11.

911已过去将近20年。

It is time to take stock of where we stand

是时候盘点一下我们的立场，

and stop and think.

停下来思考。

It is time to ask ourselves,

是时候问问自己，

have the assumptions and policies

在这个悲剧发生后，

we developed in the wake of those tragic events

我们制定的假设和政策

truly made us more secure?

真的让我们更安全了吗？

Have they made our societies, both in Europe and in the United States,

它们让我们的社会，不论在欧洲还是美国，

more resilient?

更有应对力了吗？

I've worked all my life in the field of security and defense,

我一直都在安全和防卫领域工作，

and I am convinced that now, more than ever,

现在我非常确信，比任何时候都确信，

we need to radically reframe the way we think and act about security,

我们需要从根本上重塑我们 对安全的思考和行为方式。

and especially about international security.

尤其在国际安全方面。

By international security, I actually mean what we do,

说到国际安全，我其实是指我们做了什么，

how we prepare our countries

我们如何让我们的国家做好准备去

to better respond and prevent external threats,

更好应对和阻止外部威胁，

and how we protect our citizens.

以及我们如何保护我们的公民。

The key to both

两者的关键

is to focus on protecting civilians,

是聚焦在保护平民，

both in our own countries

既在我们自己的国土

and in those where we are present in the name of security.

也在那些我们以安全的名义存在的地方。

Now, this idea goes against the fixed narrative

现在这个观点与我们

that we developed over the past 20 years

在过去20年发展起来的关于安全是什么

over what security is and how to get it,

和如何获得安全的固定视角相悖，

but that narrative is flawed, and worse, it is counterproductive.

但这种说法是有缺陷的， 更糟糕的是，它适得其反。

Over the past 20 years,

在过去20年，

both in the United States and in Europe,

在美国和欧洲，

we've come to accept that we must talk about security in zero sum terms,

我们已经接受了我们必须以 零和的方式讨论安全问题，

as if the only way to gain more security is by compromising on values and rights:

似乎获得更多安全的唯一途径 就是在价值观和权利上妥协：

security versus human rights,

安全对人权，

safety versus freedom and development.

安全对自由和发展。

This is a false opposition.

这种对立是错误的。

It just doesn't work like that.

事情不是这样的。

We need to recognize

我们需要认识到

that security and human rights are not opposite values,

安全和人权不是相反的价值，

they are intrinsically related.

它们是内在联系的。

After all, the most basic human right

毕竟，最基本的人权

is the right to live and to be free from violence,

是生存权和远离暴力，

and a state's most basic responsibility

以及一个国家最基本的责任

is to guarantee that right for its citizens.

是保证它公民的这种权利。

Conversely, if we think about communities all over the world

相反地，如果我们考虑世界各地

affected by war and conflict,

被战争和冲突影响的群体，

it is insecurity and violence

不安全和暴力

that stops them from achieving their full freedom and development.

阻止了他们的自由和发展。

Now, they need basic security just as much as we do

现在，他们需要的基本安全跟我们一样，

and they need it so they can live a normal life

他们需要安全，这样他们才能过上正常的生活，

and so that they can enjoy their human rights.

这样他们才能享受他们的人权。

This is why we need to shift.

所以我们需要改变。

We need to acknowledge that sustainable security

我需要承认可持续安全

builds on a foundation of human rights,

建立在人权的基础上，

builds on promoting and respecting human rights.

建立在促进和尊重人权上。

Also, over the past two decades,

同样，在过去20年里，

we have accepted that the best way to guarantee our own security

我们已经接受了维护 我们安全的最好方式

is by defeating our enemies,

是打败我们的敌人，

and to do that, we need to rely almost exclusively on the military.

为了实现这点，我们需要 几乎完全依赖军队。

Again, this clashes with my work, with my research,

再一次，这点跟我的工作，我的研究，

with what I see in the field.

我在这个领域看到的相冲突。

What I see is that building sustainable security

我看到的是建立可持续安全

has a lot less to do with crushing enemies,

与毁灭敌人关系不大，

has a lot less to do with winning on the battlefield,

与赢得战场胜利关系不大，

and has a lot more to do with protecting victims

而与保护受害者

and building stability.

和建立稳定有很大关系。

And to do that, well, the military alone

要做到这点，仅依靠军队

is simply insufficient.

是完全不够的。

This is why I believe we need to shelve the never-ending War on Terror,

这是为什么我认为我们需要 把无休止的战争搁置起来，

and we need to replace it with a security agenda

我们需要用基于保护平民原则

that is driven by the principle of protecting civilians,

的安全议程来替代它，

no matter where they are from, what passport they hold,

不管他们来自哪里，持有什么护照，

or where they live:

或者他们住在哪里：

Vancouver, New York,

温哥华、纽约、

Kabul, Mosul, Aleppo or Douma.

喀布尔、摩苏尔、阿勒颇或杜玛。

Sustainable security tells us that we're more likely

可持续安全告诉我们，我们更有可能

to have long-term security at home for ourselves

在国内拥有长期的安全保障，

if we focus our engagements abroad on protecting civilians

如果我们把我们的重点放在保护平民

and on ensuring their lives are lived in dignity and free from violence.

并确保他们过上尊严和 远离暴力的生活上。

For example, we all know that defeating ISIS

比如，我们都知道击败ISIS

is a security achievement.

是一项安全成就。

Absolutely.

绝对是。

But rebuilding destroyed homes,

但重建受损家园，

restoring order,

恢复秩序，

ensuring a representative political system,

确保具有代表性的政治制度，

these are just as, if not more important,

这些都是，如果没有更重要的话，

and not just for the security of civilians in Iraq and in Syria,

不仅为了伊拉克和叙利亚的平民安全，

but for our own security and for global stability.

也是为了我们自己的安全和全球稳定。

More fundamentally,

更重要的是，

ISIS's danger should not just be counted in the number of weapons it holds

ISIS的危险不能只用他们 持有的武器数量来衡量，

but also in the number of children it has kept out of school

也要用被其赶出学校或被他们思想灌输

or indoctrinated.

的儿童数量来衡量。

This is from a security perspective.

这是从安全的角度来看的。

From a security perspective,

从安全的角度，

the long-term generational impact of having millions of children in Syria

成长在只知道战争和辍学长期际代影响

growing up knowing only war and out of school,

的数百万叙利亚儿童，

this is a far more dangerous threat to stability

远比ISIS所有的武器

than all of ISIS's weapons combined,

对稳定的威胁要更加危险，

and we should spend just as much time and just as much energy to counter this

我们需要在这上面花费跟打击ISIS军事力量

as what we spend when countering ISIS militarily.

同样多的时间和同样多的精力。

Over the past two decades, our security policy has been short-term.

在过去20年间，我们的安全政策非常短期。

It has focused on the here and now.

它专注在这里和现在。

It has systematically downplayed the link between what we do today

它系统地淡化了我们今天以安全的名义

in the name of security

所做的事情

and the long-term impact of those choices.

与这些选择的长期影响之间的联系。

In the years after 9/11,

在911之后的这些年头，

some of the choices,

有一些选择，

some of the policies we've implemented

我们施行的一些政策

have probably made us less, not more secure in the long term.

可能让我们的安全变得更少， 而非长期来看更多。

Sustainable, civilian-centered security

可持续，以平民为中心的安全

needs to look at what happens in the long term.

需要关注长期的影响。

Again, for example,

再一次，说个例子，

relying on drones to target enemies in faraway countries may be a tool.

依靠无人机瞄准遥远国家 的敌人可能是一种工具。

It may be a tool to make sure or to lessen the threat

这个工具可以确保或减轻

of an imminent attack on the United States.

即将对美国发动袭击的威胁。

But what about the long-term impact?

但它的长期影响呢？

If civilians are killed,

如果平民被杀害，

if communities are targeted,

如果群体被当作目标，

this will feed a vicious circle

这将助长战争、

of war, conflict, trauma and radicalization,

冲突、创伤和激进化的恶性循环，

and that vicious circle is at the center of so many of the security challenges

这个恶性循环是我们今天 面临很多安全挑战

we face today.

的中心。

This will not make us safer in the long term.

这不会让我们长期变得更安全。

We need civilian security,

我们需要平民安全，

we need sustainable civilian-centered security,

我们需要可持续的以平民为中心的安全，

and we need it now.

我们现在就需要。

We need to encourage thinking and research around this concept,

我们需要鼓励围绕这个概念的思考和研究，

and to implement it.

并且需要实现它。

We live in a dangerous world.

我们生活在危险的世界。

We have many threats to peace and conflict.

我们有很多和平的威胁和冲突。

Much like in the days after 9/11,

就像911之后的日子里，

we simply cannot afford not to think about international security.

我们根本承受不起不去思考国际安全问题。

But we have to learn the lessons of the past 20 years.

但我们需要学习过去20年的教训。

To get it right, to get security right,

去纠正它，以正确方式获得安全，

we need to focus on the long term.

我们需要聚焦于长期。

We need to focus on protecting civilians.

我们需要聚焦在保护平民。

And we need to respect and acknowledge the fact

我们需要尊重和承认

that sustainable security builds on a foundation of human rights.

可持续安全建立在人权的基础上这个事实。

Otherwise, in the name of security,

否则，在安全的名义下，

we risk leaving the world

我们在冒着把世界推向

a far more dangerous and unstable place

一个比我们已经发现的

than what we already found it in.

更危险和更不稳定地方的风险。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）