Did the global response to 9/11 make us safer? | Benedetta Berti

62,905 views ใƒป 2018-10-02

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Shlomo Adam ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:13
Almost 20 years have passed since 9/11.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ 20 ืฉื ื” ื—ืœืคื• ืžืื– ื”-11 ืœืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ.
00:18
It is time to take stock of where we stand
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ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืขืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืืŸ ื”ื’ืขื ื•, ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘.
00:21
and stop and think.
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00:24
It is time to ask ourselves,
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ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืฉืืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•,
00:26
have the assumptions and policies
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ื”ืื ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื˜ืจื’ื™ื™ื
00:28
we developed in the wake of those tragic events
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00:30
truly made us more secure?
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ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆืจื• ืืช ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื ื•?
00:33
Have they made our societies, both in Europe and in the United States,
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ื”ืื ื”ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ื’ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘
00:38
more resilient?
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ืœืื™ืชื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ?
00:40
I've worked all my life in the field of security and defense,
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ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื’ื ื”,
00:44
and I am convinced that now, more than ever,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืขืช ืฉื›ืขืช, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื™-ืคืขื,
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืงืฆื” ืืœ ื”ืงืฆื” ืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ืชื ื• ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื ื• ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ,
00:48
we need to radically reframe the way we think and act about security,
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00:53
and especially about international security.
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ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™.
00:57
By international security, I actually mean what we do,
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ื‘"ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™" ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื,
01:00
how we prepare our countries
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ืื™ืš ืื ื• ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืืจืฆื•ืชื™ื ื•
ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื™ื•ืžื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื•ืชื,
01:02
to better respond and prevent external threats,
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01:05
and how we protect our citizens.
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ื•ืื™ืš ืื ื• ืžื’ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื•.
01:08
The key to both
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ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช
01:10
is to focus on protecting civilians,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื,
ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
01:13
both in our own countries
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01:14
and in those where we are present in the name of security.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ื• ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
01:19
Now, this idea goes against the fixed narrative
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืื•ื‘ืŸ
01:21
that we developed over the past 20 years
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ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ื‘-20 ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
01:24
over what security is and how to get it,
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ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืžื”ื• ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืื™ืš ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ืื•ืชื•,
01:28
but that narrative is flawed, and worse, it is counterproductive.
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ืืœื ืฉื–ื”ื• ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ืคื’ื•ื, ื•ื’ืจื•ืข ืžื›ืš - ืžื–ื™ืง.
01:34
Over the past 20 years,
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ื‘-20 ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
01:36
both in the United States and in Europe,
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ื”ืŸ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”,
01:39
we've come to accept that we must talk about security in zero sum terms,
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ื”ืชืจื’ืœื ื• ืœื›ืš ืฉืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ ืกื›ื•ื-ืืคืก,
01:44
as if the only way to gain more security is by compromising on values and rights:
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื ืฉื™ื’ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืจืง ืื ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ ื‘ืขืจื›ื™ื ื•ื ืคื’ืข ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช:
01:49
security versus human rights,
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ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืื• ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื,
01:53
safety versus freedom and development.
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ืฉืœื•ื•ืช-ื ืคืฉ ืื• ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช.
01:57
This is a false opposition.
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ื”ื”ื ื’ื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ื›ื•ื–ื‘ืช.
01:59
It just doesn't work like that.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื›ื”.
02:01
We need to recognize
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš
02:03
that security and human rights are not opposite values,
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ืฉื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ ืื™ื ื ืขืจื›ื™ื ืกื•ืชืจื™ื:
02:05
they are intrinsically related.
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ืื“ืจื‘ื, ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื–ื™ืงื” ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช.
02:09
After all, the most basic human right
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ื”ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:12
is the right to live and to be free from violence,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ืืœื™ืžื•ืช
02:15
and a state's most basic responsibility
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื•ืžื”
02:18
is to guarantee that right for its citizens.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื–ื›ื•ืช ื–ื• ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื”.
02:21
Conversely, if we think about communities all over the world
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืื ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
02:26
affected by war and conflict,
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ืฉื ืคื’ืขื•ืช ืžืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืกื›ืกื•ืš,
02:28
it is insecurity and violence
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ื”ืขื“ืจ-ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช
02:31
that stops them from achieving their full freedom and development.
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ื”ื ืฉืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืžื”ืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืงื™ื“ืžื”.
02:35
Now, they need basic security just as much as we do
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ื”ืŸ ื–ืงื•ืงื•ืช ืœื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื•ื ื•,
02:39
and they need it so they can live a normal life
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื–ืงื•ืงื•ืช ืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื
ื•ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
02:43
and so that they can enjoy their human rights.
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02:45
This is why we need to shift.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื’ื™ืฉืชื ื•.
02:48
We need to acknowledge that sustainable security
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื
ืžื™ื•ืกื“ ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื,
02:51
builds on a foundation of human rights,
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02:53
builds on promoting and respecting human rights.
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ืขืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ืŸ.
02:58
Also, over the past two decades,
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ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
03:00
we have accepted that the best way to guarantee our own security
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ื”ืชืจื’ืœื ื• ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื ื•
03:05
is by defeating our enemies,
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื—ืœืช ืชื‘ื•ืกื” ืœืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•,
ื•ื›ื™ ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืš ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื.
03:07
and to do that, we need to rely almost exclusively on the military.
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03:12
Again, this clashes with my work, with my research,
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ื’ื ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืกืชื™ืจื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™, ืœืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื™
03:15
with what I see in the field.
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ื•ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—.
ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื
03:17
What I see is that building sustainable security
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03:20
has a lot less to do with crushing enemies,
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ืงืฉื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืœืžื—ื™ืฆืชื ืฉืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื,
03:23
has a lot less to do with winning on the battlefield,
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืœื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ืงืจื‘,
03:25
and has a lot more to do with protecting victims
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช.
03:28
and building stability.
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03:30
And to do that, well, the military alone
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ื•ืœืฉื ื›ืš, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•
03:33
is simply insufficient.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง.
03:36
This is why I believe we need to shelve the never-ending War on Terror,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื‘ืฆื“ ืืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ืช ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืจ,
ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ-ื™ื•ื ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™
03:41
and we need to replace it with a security agenda
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03:43
that is driven by the principle of protecting civilians,
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ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื• ื”ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื
03:47
no matter where they are from, what passport they hold,
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ื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื, ืื™ื–ื” ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื
ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื:
03:51
or where they live:
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03:52
Vancouver, New York,
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ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืจ, ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง,
ืงื‘ื•ืœ, ืžื•ืกื•ืœ, ื—ืืœื‘ ืื• ื“ื•ืžื”.
03:55
Kabul, Mosul, Aleppo or Douma.
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03:59
Sustainable security tells us that we're more likely
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ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื ืžืฉืžืขื• ืฉืกื‘ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ื”ื ื”
04:02
to have long-term security at home for ourselves
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ืžื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืจืš ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื ื•, ืœืขืฆืžื ื•,
04:06
if we focus our engagements abroad on protecting civilians
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ืื ื‘ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื
04:10
and on ensuring their lives are lived in dignity and free from violence.
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ื•ื ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœืœื ืืœื™ืžื•ืช.
04:16
For example, we all know that defeating ISIS
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื“ืืข"ืฉ
ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™.
04:20
is a security achievement.
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04:21
Absolutely.
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜.
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉื ื”ืจืกื•,
04:23
But rebuilding destroyed homes,
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04:26
restoring order,
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ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ืขืœ ื›ื ื•,
04:28
ensuring a representative political system,
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ื›ื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ืช
04:31
these are just as, if not more important,
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”-ื‘ืžื™ื“ื”, ืื ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:34
and not just for the security of civilians in Iraq and in Syria,
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ืœื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืขื™ืจืง ื•ืกื•ืจื™ื”,
04:38
but for our own security and for global stability.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืœื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื ื• ืื ื• ื•ืœื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
04:43
More fundamentally,
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:45
ISIS's danger should not just be counted in the number of weapons it holds
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ืืช ื”ืกื›ื ื” ืฉืœ ื“ืืข"ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ืžืช ืจืง ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื ืฉืง ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ื•
ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืจื—ื™ืง ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ
04:51
but also in the number of children it has kept out of school
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04:54
or indoctrinated.
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ืื• ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืืช ืžื•ื—ื.
04:57
This is from a security perspective.
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ื•ื–ื”, ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช-ืจืื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ืช.
04:59
From a security perspective,
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ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช-ืจืื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ืช,
ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื”
05:01
the long-term generational impact of having millions of children in Syria
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ืฉื’ื“ืœื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื›ืฉื”ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
05:07
growing up knowing only war and out of school,
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05:11
this is a far more dangerous threat to stability
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ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืื™ื•ื ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช
05:14
than all of ISIS's weapons combined,
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ืžืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื ืฉืง ืฉืœ ื“ืืข"ืฉ ื’ื ื™ื—ื“,
05:17
and we should spend just as much time and just as much energy to counter this
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ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืžืจืฅ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื–ื”
05:23
as what we spend when countering ISIS militarily.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ืžื•ืœ ื“ืืข"ืฉ.
05:29
Over the past two decades, our security policy has been short-term.
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ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืงืฆืจืช-ื˜ื•ื•ื—.
05:33
It has focused on the here and now.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืžืงื“ื” ื‘ื›ืืŸ ื•ื‘ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
05:35
It has systematically downplayed the link between what we do today
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืขื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ื‘ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉื™ื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื
05:40
in the name of security
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ื‘ืฉื ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
05:41
and the long-term impact of those choices.
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช.
05:44
In the years after 9/11,
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ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื”-11 ืœืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ,
05:46
some of the choices,
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ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืžื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•,
05:49
some of the policies we've implemented
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ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ืฉืžื ื•,
05:51
have probably made us less, not more secure in the long term.
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ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ืคื—ื™ืชื•, ื•ืœื ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจื• ืื• ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื™ืžื™ื.
05:56
Sustainable, civilian-centered security
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ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื• ื”ืื–ืจื—
ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš.
06:00
needs to look at what happens in the long term.
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06:03
Again, for example,
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืœืžืฉืœ,
06:05
relying on drones to target enemies in faraway countries may be a tool.
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ื”ื”ืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ื™ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ืžืจื•ื—ืงื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื™.
06:10
It may be a tool to make sure or to lessen the threat
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ื”ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ืžื ืข ืื• ื™ืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืื™ื•ื
06:13
of an imminent attack on the United States.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืคื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืขืœ ืืจื”"ื‘.
06:16
But what about the long-term impact?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืขื ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื™ืžื™ื?
06:20
If civilians are killed,
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ื›ืฉืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื ื”ืจื’ื™ื,
06:22
if communities are targeted,
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ื›ืฉืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ึผื•ื—ื•ืช,
06:25
this will feed a vicious circle
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ื–ื” ื™ื ืฆื™ื— ืžืขื’ืœ ืงืกืžื™ื
06:28
of war, conflict, trauma and radicalization,
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ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ืกื›ืกื•ืš, ื˜ืจืื•ืžื” ื•ื”ืงืฆื ื”,
06:32
and that vicious circle is at the center of so many of the security challenges
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ื•ืžืขื’ืœ-ืงืกืžื™ื ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื ืฉืœ ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื“
06:36
we face today.
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ืฉืื™ืชื ืื ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื.
06:38
This will not make us safer in the long term.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื ื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื™ืžื™ื.
06:41
We need civilian security,
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื™,
06:45
we need sustainable civilian-centered security,
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื ืฉื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื•,
06:48
and we need it now.
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ื•ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื›ืš ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
06:50
We need to encourage thinking and research around this concept,
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืชืคื™ืฉื” ื–ื•,
ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉืžื.
06:54
and to implement it.
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06:56
We live in a dangerous world.
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ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ.
06:59
We have many threats to peace and conflict.
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ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช.
07:03
Much like in the days after 9/11,
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื”-11 ืœืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ,
07:05
we simply cannot afford not to think about international security.
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ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™.
07:10
But we have to learn the lessons of the past 20 years.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ืœืงื—ื™ 20 ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
07:14
To get it right, to get security right,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
07:17
we need to focus on the long term.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš.
07:19
We need to focus on protecting civilians.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื.
ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื›ื‘ื“ ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
07:22
And we need to respect and acknowledge the fact
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07:24
that sustainable security builds on a foundation of human rights.
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ืฉื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื ืžื™ื•ืกื“ ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื.
07:30
Otherwise, in the name of security,
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ืื—ืจืช, ื‘ืฉื ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ,
07:33
we risk leaving the world
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ืื ื• ืžืกืชื›ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ืฉืื™ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื
07:35
a far more dangerous and unstable place
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ื•ื‘ืœืชื™-ื™ืฆื™ื‘
07:38
than what we already found it in.
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ืžื–ื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื•.
07:41
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
07:43
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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