Regina Dugan: From mach-20 glider to hummingbird drone

翻译人员: Chunxiang Qian 校对人员: Maria Zhang

You should be nice

你们要对书呆子

to nerds.

好点

In fact, I'd go so far as to say,

实际上，我想说

if you don't already have a nerd in your life,

如果你生活里还没有个书呆子

you should get one.

赶紧找一个

I'm just saying.

我也就是说说而已。

Scientists and engineers

科学家和工程师们

change the world.

改变这个世界。

I'd like to tell you

我想谈谈

about a magical place called DARPA

一个神奇的地方，叫DARPA（美国国防部高级研究计划局）

where scientists and engineers

在那儿科学家和工程师们

defy the impossible

都喜欢挑战不可能的事情，

and refuse to fear failure.

不惧怕失败。

Now these two ideas

现在，这两个观点联系紧密

are connected more than you may realize,

超乎你的想象，

because when you remove the fear of failure,

因为当你摆脱了对失败的恐惧，

impossible things

不可能的事情，

suddenly become possible.

就突然变成可能。

If you want to know how,

如果你想知道如何做到，

ask yourself this question:

那么，先问自己这样一个问题：

What would you attempt to do

如果你知道自己不会失败

if you knew you could not fail?

你会打算做什么？

If you really ask yourself

如果你真的问自己

this question,

这个问题，

you can't help but feel uncomfortable.

你会禁不住感到不舒服。

I feel a little uncomfortable.

我觉得有点不舒服。

Because when you ask it,

因为当你这样问的时候，

you begin to understand

你就开始明白

how the fear of failure constrains you,

失败的恐惧怎样束缚了你，

how it keeps us

怎样阻碍了我们

from attempting great things,

追求伟大的事情，

and life gets dull,

生活变得无趣，

amazing things stop happening.

奇妙的事情不再发生。

Sure, good things happen,

当然，好事情还是有，

but amazing things

但是神奇的事情

stop happening.

不再发生了。

Now I should be clear,

现在，我要说明一点，

I'm not encouraging failure,

我不是在鼓励失败

I'm discouraging

我在反对

fear of failure.

惧怕失败。

Because it's not failure itself

因为不是失败本身

that constrains us.

束缚了我们。

The path to truly new,

在通往真正新鲜

never-been-done-before things

没有人做过的事情的路上

always has failure along the way.

总会有失败。

We're tested.

我们受到了考验。

And in part, that testing feels an appropriate part

而考验是我们获得巨大成功的

of achieving something great.

应有条件。

Clemenceau said,

克里蒙梭说过：

"Life gets interesting when we fail,

“在我们失败时，生活变有趣了，

because it's a sign

因为它表明了

that we've surpassed ourselves."

我们超越了自己。”

In 1895,

1895年，

Lord Kelvin declared

开尔文爵士宣称，

that heavier-than-air flying machines

重过空气的飞行器

were impossible.

都是不可能飞起来的。

In October of 1903,

1903年10月，

the prevailing opinion

动力学专家

of expert aerodynamicists

普遍认为，

was that maybe in 10 million years

一千万年以后

we could build an aircraft that would fly.

人类才能造出能飞的飞机。

And two months later on December 17th,

但是两个月后，12月17日，

Orville Wright powered the first airplane

奥维尔･赖特驾驶第一架飞机

across a beach in North Carolina.

飞过了北卡罗来纳州的一个沙滩。

The flight lasted 12 seconds

这次飞行持续了12秒钟

and covered 120 feet.

行程为120英尺。

That was 1903.

那是1903年。

One year later,

一年后，

the next declarations of impossibilities began.

又一个不可能宣言开始了。

Ferdinand Foch, a French army general

斐迪南･福煦，法国军队中一位将军，

credited with having one of the most original and subtle minds

他被人们赞誉具有最原始的

in the French army,

和微妙的思想之一，

said, "Airplanes are interesting toys,

他说：“飞机是个好玩的玩具，

but of no military value."

但是毫无军用价值。”

40 years later,

40年后，

aero experts coined the term transonic.

空气动力学专家创造了“跨音速（transonic）”这个术语。

They debated, should it have one S or two?

他们争论这个术语应该用一个S，还是两个S，

You see, they were having trouble in this flight regime,

你也明白，实际上他们是对该飞机体系有疑问，

and it wasn't at all clear

我们能否飞得比音速还快

that we could fly faster than the speed of sound.

那时还未得到解答。

In 1947,

1947年，

there was no wind tunnel data

那时还没有风洞实验数据，

beyond Mach 0.85.

只有0.85马赫这个数据。

And yet,

然而，

on Tuesday, October 14th, 1947,

1947年10月14日，星期二，

Chuck Yeager climbed into the cockpit

查克·雅戈尔爬进

of his Bell X-1

他的贝尔X-1号的座舱

and he flew

他飞向了

towards an unknown possibility,

未知的可能性

and in so doing,

他不停地飞，

he became the first pilot

最终，他成为了第一个

to fly faster than the speed of sound.

超音速飞行的飞行员。

Six of eight Atlas rockets

八个阿特拉斯火箭中

blew up on the pad.

有六个爆炸在发射台上。

After 11 complete mission failures,

在11次彻底任务失败后，

we got our first images from space.

我们看到了首张宇宙图像。

And on that first flight

而在那个首次飞行上，

we got more data

我们获得了比

than in all U-2 missions combined.

所有U-2任务加起来还要多的数据。

It took a lot of failures

失败了很多次

to get there.

才最终取得成功。

Since we took to the sky,

自从我们飞上天空后，

we have wanted to fly

我们就想

faster and farther.

飞得更快更远。

And to do so,

为此目的，

we've had to believe in impossible things.

我们应该相信不可能的事情。

And we've had to refuse

并且我们应该反对

to fear failure.

惧怕失败。

That's still true today.

这个观点现在依然正确。

Today, we don't talk about flying transonically,

今天，我们谈的不是跨音速飞行，

or even supersonically,

甚至超音速飞行，

we talk about flying hypersonically --

我们谈的是特超音速飞行——

not Mach 2 or Mach 3, Mach 20.

不是2马赫或者3马赫，而是20马赫。

At Mach 20,

在20马赫的速度下，

we can fly from New York to Long Beach

我们可以在11分钟20秒内

in 11 minutes and 20 seconds.

从纽约飞到长滩。

At that speed,

在这个速度下，

the surface of the airfoil

机翼表面温度

is the temperature of molten steel --

是钢水的温度——

3,500 degrees Fahrenheit --

华氏3,500度——

like a blast furnace.

就像一个高炉一样。

We are essentially burning the airfoil

在我们飞行时，我们实质上是在

as we fly it.

燃烧机翼。

And we are flying it,

而我们正在这样飞，

or trying to.

或者在尝试这样飞。

DARPA's hypersonic test vehicle

DARPA的特超音速测试飞机

is the fastest maneuvering aircraft

是前所未有的人类制造的

ever built.

最快的机动飞机。

It's boosted to near-space

这架飞机提升到了近太空的位置

atop a Minotaur IV rocket.

在米诺陶4火箭上空飞行。

Now the Minotaur IV has too much impulse,

但是米诺陶4火箭的推力太强大

so we have to bleed it off

为了减缓其推力

by flying the rocket

我们得让火箭在

at an 89 degree angle of attack

部分运行轨迹

for portions of the trajectory.

以89度攻击角来运行。

That's an unnatural act

这对于火箭来说，

for a rocket.

不是一种自然的行为。

The third stage has a camera.

第三次发射，火箭上有一个摄像机。

We call it rocketcam.

我们称之为火箭摄像机。

And it's pointed

用于拍摄

at the hypersonic glider.

特超音速滑翔机。

This is the actual rocketcam footage

这是一段来自首次飞行的

from flight one.

真实录像。

Now to conceal the shape, we changed the aspect ratio a little bit.

我们稍稍改动了纵横比来遮掩滑翔机的样子

But this is what it looks like

但这正是从火箭发射的

from the third stage of the rocket

第三阶段上

looking at the unmanned glider

看到的无人操纵滑翔机的样子

as it heads into the atmosphere

它冲进大气层，

back towards Earth.

返回地球。

We've flown twice.

我们飞了两次

In the first flight,

头一次

no aerodynamic control of the vehicle.

没有对滑翔机操控

But we collected more hypersonic flight data

但我们也收集了

than in 30 years

比过去30年间

of ground-based testing combined.

地面测试总和还多的数据。

And in the second flight,

第二次飞行

three minutes of fully-controlled,

是历时3分钟的全程操控，

aerodynamic flight

空气动力飞行的

at Mach 20.

速度是20马赫。

We must fly again,

我们还要再飞一次

because amazing, never-been-done-before things

因为神奇的前人从未尝试过的事物

require that you fly.

促使我们飞行

You can't learn to fly at Mach 20

你飞不了20马赫

unless you fly.

除非你继续飞。

And while there's no substitute for speed,

虽然速度很重要，

maneuverability is a very close second.

操纵性也同样不可忽视

If a Mach 20 glider takes 11 minutes and 20 seconds

如果20马赫的滑翔机花11分钟20秒

to get from New York to Long Beach,

从纽约飞到长滩，

a hummingbird would take,

那么，一只蜂鸟大概要

well, days.

几天。

You see, hummingbirds are not hypersonic,

你知道，蜂鸟不是特超音速

but they are maneuverable.

但是操纵性很好

In fact, the hummingbird is the only bird

事实上，蜂鸟是唯一

that can fly backwards.

能后退飞行的鸟

It can fly up, down,

它能飞上飞下

forwards, backwards,

向前飞，向后飞

even upside-down.

甚至倒过来飞

And so if we wanted to fly in this room

所以，如果我们想在这个房间里

or places where humans can't go,

或者人类无法到达的地方飞行

we'd need an aircraft

我们就需要飞机

small enough and maneuverable enough

体积小，操作性强，

to do so.

方可达到此要求。

This is a hummingbird drone.

这是个蜂鸟无人驾驶飞机

It can fly in all directions,

它能向各个方向飞行

even backwards.

甚至向后飞

It can hover and rotate.

它能悬停和旋转。

This prototype aircraft

这个原型机

is equipped with a video camera.

配有一个视频摄像头

It weighs less than one AA battery.

它比一节AA电池还轻

It does not eat nectar.

还不用吃花蜜

In 2008,

2008年

it flew for a whopping 20 seconds,

它破天荒地飞了20秒

a year later, two minutes,

一年后是2分钟

then six,

然后是6分钟

eventually 11.

最终飞了11分钟

Many prototypes crashed -- many.

很多原型机都摔烂了——很多

But there's no way

但是无法

to learn to fly like a hummingbird

学会象蜂鸟一样飞

unless you fly.

除非不停地学习飞行

(Applause)

（掌声）

It's beautiful, isn't it.

很美妙，是吧

Wow.

哇

It's great.

非常棒

Matt is the first ever hummingbird pilot.

马特是首位蜂鸟飞行员

(Applause)

（掌声）

Failure is part of creating

失败是创造

new and amazing things.

美妙新事物的必经之路

We cannot both fear failure

我们不能害怕失败

and make amazing new things --

创造神奇的新事物——

like a robot

像机器人

with the stability of a dog on rough terrain,

能像狗一样平稳地在崎岖的地形，

or maybe even ice;

甚至冰面上行走；

a robot that can run like a cheetah,

象猎豹一样奔跑的机器人

or climb stairs like a human

或者像人一样爬楼梯的

with the occasional clumsiness of a human.

略带趔趄的机器人

Or perhaps, Spider Man

或者，蜘蛛人

will one day be Gecko Man.

有一天将变成壁虎人

A gecko can support

壁虎能挂住

its entire body weight

整个身体

with one toe.

只用一个脚趾头

One square millimeter of a gecko's footpad

壁虎脚趾上一平方毫米

has 14,000 hair-like structures

有一万四千个毛发状结构

called setae.

叫刚毛

They are used to help it grip to surfaces

它们帮助壁虎抓住物体表面

using intermolecular forces.

采用分子间作用力

Today we can manufacture structures

今天我们能够造出

that mimic the hairs of a gecko's foot.

模仿壁虎脚趾毛发的结构

The result,

结果是，

a four-by-four-inch

一个四乘四英尺的

artificial nano-gecko adhesive.

人造奈米壁虎胶粘剂

can support a static load

能够承载静态负荷

of 660 pounds.

660磅。

That's enough to stick

这足以

six 42-inch plasma TV's to your wall,

把一台42英尺的等离子电视机贴在墙上

no nails.

一个钉子都不要。

So much for Velcro, right?

这就是所谓魔术贴，对不对？

And it's not just passive structures,

不光是被动式结构

it's entire machines.

整个机器也已经造出来了

This is a spider mite.

这就是个红蜘蛛

It's one millimeter long,

只有一毫米长

but it looks like Godzilla

但在微型机器旁

next to these micromachines.

它看上去跟哥斯拉怪兽一样大

In the world of Godzilla spider mites,

在哥斯拉红蜘蛛怪兽世界里

we can make millions of mirrors,

我们可造出上百万个镜子

each one-fifth the diameter

每个镜子的直径

of a human hair,

只有人类毛发直径的1/5,

moving at hundreds of thousands of times per second

每秒以成千上万次的频率移动

to make large screen displays,

来创造出大型的屏幕显示

so that we can watch movies like "Godzilla"

这样，我们就能观看到高清电影

in high-def.

比如《哥斯拉》

And if we can build machines

而且，如果我们能制造

at that scale,

那种尺寸的机器

what about Eiffel Tower-like trusses

那么像埃菲尔铁塔一样微型

at the microscale?

桁架结构？

Today we are making metals

如今我们制造

that are lighter than Styrofoam,

比发泡胶还轻的金属

so light

很轻

they can sit atop a dandelion puff

能架在一个蒲公英蓬蓬上

and be blown away

轻轻一吹

with a wisp of air --

便吹走了——

so light

很轻

that you can make a car that two people can lift,

你可以制造一辆两个人就能抬起来的轿车

but so strong

但很强大

that it has the crash-worthiness of an SUV.

它具备越野车的耐撞性。

From the smallest wisp of air

我们从最小的一缕空气

to the powerful forces of nature's storms.

谈到大自然风暴的强大力量。

There are 44 lightning strikes per second

全球每秒会产生

around the globe.

44次闪电。

Each lightning bolt heats the air

每一道闪电都能把空气

to 44,000 degrees Fahrenheit --

加热到44,000华氏度——

hotter than the surface of the Sun.

比太阳表面还热。

What if we could use

我们能不能利用

these electromagnetic pulses

这些电磁脉冲

as beacons,

作为信标呢

beacons in a moving network

一个强大传输器

of powerful transmitters?

移动网络中的信标呢？

Experiments suggest

实验表明

that lightning could be the next GPS.

闪电能成为下一代GPS（全球定位系统）

Electrical pulses form the thoughts in our brains.

电脉冲在我们的大脑里形成思想。

Using a grid the size of your thumb,

蒂姆在他的大脑表面上，用一个网格，

with 32 electrodes

大拇指大小，

on the surface of his brain,

有32个电极，

Tim uses his thoughts

他通过他的思想

to control an advanced prosthetic arm.

控制一个高级的义肢

And his thoughts

而他的思想

made him reach for Katie.

使他联系到了凯蒂。

This is the first time

这是人类首次

a human has controlled a robot

用思想单独

with thought alone.

控制机器人。

And it is the first time

这也是七年来

that Tim has held Katie's hand

蒂姆第一次

in seven years.

与凯蒂握手。

That moment mattered

这一刻对蒂姆和凯蒂来说

to Tim and Katie,

都非同寻常的

and this green goo

这个绿色粘质

may someday matter to you.

也许有一天会对你很重要

This green goo

这个绿色粘质

is perhaps the vaccine that could save your life.

也许是能救你性命的疫苗

It was made in tobacco plants.

它是用烟草植物制作的。

Tobacco plants

烟草

can make millions of doses of vaccine

能在短短几周而不是几个月内

in weeks instead of months,

制成数百万剂疫苗

and it might just be

而且这大概是有史以来

the first healthy use of tobacco ever.

烟草第一次被用于健康用途

And if it seems far-fetched

如果你觉得

that tobacco plants could make people healthy,

烟草能使人健康有些牵强

what about gamers that could solve problems

那么，对游戏玩家解决了专家都

that experts can't solve?

束手无策的问题，你有什么想法呢？

Last September,

去年九月份

the gamers of Foldit

蛋白质折叠电子游戏（Foldit）的玩家

solved the three-dimensional structure

就解决了逆转录病毒蛋白酶的

of the retroviral protease

三维结构

that contributes to AIDS in rhesus monkeys.

这对猕猴身上艾滋病毒的治疗作出了贡献。

Now understanding this structure

现在，理解这个结构

is very important for developing treatments.

对治疗手段的发展非常重要。

For 15 years,

15年来，

it was unsolved

科学界都无法

in the scientific community.

解决这个问题。

The gamers of Foldit

而蛋白质折叠电子游戏（Foldit）的玩家

solved it in 15 days.

15天就搞定了。

Now they were able to do so

现在，他们能共同协作

by working together.

来解决这个问题。

They were able to work together

他们能够协作

because they're connected by the Internet.

是因为互联网把他们联结起来。

And others, also connected to the Internet,

而其他一样通过互联网联系的很多人

used it as an instrument of democracy.

把互联网当作民主的武器。

And together

他们在一起

they changed the fate of their nation.

改变了他们国家的命运。

The Internet is home to two billion people,

互联网是20亿人

or 30 percent of the world's population.

或者世界30％的人口的家园。

It allows us to contribute

它使我们能以个人名义

and to be heard

发言，

as individuals.

并被聆听。

It allows us to amplify

它使我们放大

our voices and our power

群体的声音

as a group.

和力量。

But it too had humble beginnings.

但它也是出身卑微的。

In 1969, the internet was but a dream,

1969年，互联网还只是痴人说梦，

a few sketches on a piece of paper.

纸上谈兵。

And then on October 29th,

然后在1969年10月29日，

the first packet-switched message was sent

第一个数据包交换信息

from UCLA to SRI.

从加州大学洛杉矶分校传到斯坦福研究所。

The first two letters of the word "Login,"

Login的头两个字母

that's all that made it through --

是使其成功发送的全部原因——

an L and an O --

字母L和O——

and then a buffer overflow crashed the system.

接着缓冲器溢出使系统崩溃了。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Two letters,

两个字母

an L and an O,

L和O

now a worldwide force.

如今成为全球力量。

So who are these scientists and engineers

那么，在那个叫做DARPA的神奇地方里的

at a magical place called DARPA?

科学家和工程师都是什么样的人？

They are nerds,

他们都是书呆子

and they are heroes among us.

还是我们当中的英雄。

They challenge existing perspectives

他们在科学的边缘

at the edges of science

以及要求极高的条件下

and under the most demanding of conditions.

挑战固有的观念。

They remind us

他们提醒我们，

that we can change the world

如果我们与不可能斗争

if we defy the impossible

我们不害怕失败

and we refuse to fear failure.

我们就能改变世界。

They remind us

他们让我们知道

that we all have nerd power.

我们每个人都有书呆子的力量。

Sometimes we just forget.

有时候我们就是忘了。

You see, there was a time

你知道，你曾经

when you weren't afraid of failure,

不怕失败，

when you were a great artist or a great dancer

你是个出色的艺术家或舞蹈家

and you could sing, you were good at math,

你会唱歌，你擅长数学

you could build things, you were an astronaut,

你会建造东西，你是个宇航员

an adventurer, Jacques Cousteau,

一个探险者，雅克·库斯托

you could jump higher, run faster,

你比任何人都跳得高，跑得快

kick harder than anyone.

踢得远。

You believed in impossible things

你相信不可能的事情

and you were fearless.

并且你无所畏惧。

You were totally and completely in touch

你已经切切实实地完全与你

with your inner superhero.

内心世界的超人联系在一起了。

Scientists and engineers

科学家和工程师

can indeed change the world.

确实能改变世界。

So can you.

你也可以。

You were born to.

你生来就可以。

So go ahead,

所以向前走，

ask yourself,

问自己，

what would you attempt to do

你打算做什么

if you knew you could not fail?

如果你知道你不会失败？

Now I want to say,

现在，我想说

this is not easy.

这并不容易。

It's hard to hold onto this feeling,

坚持这种想法很难，

really hard.

真的很难。

I guess in some way,

我想，在某种程度上

I sort of believe it's supposed to be hard.

我觉得这是很困难的。

Doubt and fear always creep in.

怀疑和恐惧总是趁虚而入

We think someone else, someone smarter than us,

我们想到别人，想到比我们更聪明的人

someone more capable,

比我们更有能力的人，

someone with more resources will solve that problem.

比我们拥有更多的解决问题的资源的人。

But there isn't anyone else;

但实际上没有任何别的人；

there's just you.

只有你。

And if we're lucky,

而且如果我们幸运的话，

in that moment,

在那样动摇的时刻，

someone steps into that doubt and fear,

有人会解决那样的疑虑和恐惧，

takes a hand and says,

拿起我们的手，对我们说

"Let me help you believe."

“让我来帮助你相信。”

Jason Harley did that for me.

詹森･哈利就为我做了这样的事情。

Jason started at DARPA

詹森从2010年3月18日

on March 18th, 2010.

开始在DARPA供职。

He was with our transportation team.

他是我们运输组的。

I saw Jason nearly every day,

我几乎每天都会碰到詹森，

sometimes twice a day.

有时一天两次。

And more so than most,

很多时候，

he saw the highs and the lows,

他看到我生活的起伏，

the celebrations and the disappointments.

成功和失败。

And on one particularly dark day for me,

在我非常难过的一天里，

Jason sat down

詹森坐下来

and he wrote an email.

给我写了封邮件。

He was encouraging,

他在鼓励我，

but firm.

但态度很果断。

And when he hit send,

当他点击发送时，

he probably didn't realize what a difference it would make.

他大概没有意识到这封邮件对我产生的影响。

It mattered to me.

它对我意义非凡。

In that moment

在那一刻

and still today

还有今天

when I doubt,

当我怀疑时，

when I feel afraid,

当我感到害怕时，

when I need to reconnect

当我需要重新恢复，

with that feeling,

那个信念时，

I remember his words,

我想起他的话

they were so powerful.

他的话是如此有力。

Text: "There is only time enough to iron your cape

文本：“你有足够的时间铸造斗篷

and back to the skies for you."

飞回属于你的天空。”

♫ Superhero, superhero. ♫

♫超人，超人♫

♫ Superhero, superhero. ♫

♫超人，超人♫

♫ Superhero, superhero. ♫

♫超人，超人♫

♫ Superhero, superhero. ♫

♫超人，超人♫

♫ Superhero, superhero. ♫

♫超人，超人♫

Voice: Because that's what being a superhero is all about.

声音：因为这就是超人要做的事

RD: "There is only time enough

RD：“你有足够的时间

to iron your cape

铸造斗篷

and back to the skies for you."

飞回属于你的天空。”

And remember,

记住，

be nice to nerds.

对书呆子好点儿

(Applause)

（掌声）

Thank you. Thank you.

谢谢

(Applause)

（掌声）

Chris Anderson: Regina, thank you.

克里斯･安德森：瑞姬娜，谢谢。

I have a couple of questions.

我有几个问题。

So that glider of yours,

那么，你的滑翔机，

the Mach 20 glider,

那个20马赫的滑翔机，

the first one, no control, it ended up in the Pacific I think somewhere.

第一架，无操控，我想是在太平洋的某个地方消失了吧。

RD: Yeah, yeah. It did. (CA: What happened on that second flight?)

RD：没错。是这样。（CA：那第二架呢？）

Yeah, it also went into the Pacific. (CA: But this time under control?)

没错，第二架也掉进太平洋了（CA：但这次是在操控下？）

We didn't fly it into the Pacific.

我们没把它飞进太平洋。

No, there are multiple portions of the trajectory

不，飞行轨道有多个部分。

that are demanding

如果真的以那个速度飞行，

in terms of really flying at that speed.

要求会非常高。

And so in the second flight,

所以在第二次飞行中

we were able to get three minutes

在坠机前我们做到了3分钟

of fully aerodynamic control of the vehicle before we lost it.

对滑翔机的全气动控制。

CA: I imagine you're not planning to open up to passenger service

CA：那我估计你们还没打算在近期提供

from New York to Long Beach anytime soon.

从纽约到长滩的乘客服务。

RD: It might be a little warm.

RD：可能会太暖和。

CA: What do you picture that glider being used for?

CA：你能描述一下那个滑翔机的用途？

RD: Well our responsibility

RD：呃，我们的责任是

is to develop the technology for this.

开发这种滑翔机的技术。

How it's ultimately used

最终用途

will be determined by the military.

将由军队决定

Now the purpose of the vehicle though,

目前这个滑翔机的用途

the purpose of the technology,

这项技术的用途

is to be able to reach anywhere in the world

是能在60分钟内

in less than 60 minutes.

抵达世界任何一个地方。

CA: And to carry a payload

CA：并搭载一个

of more than a few pounds? (RD: Yeah.)

只有几磅多的东西？（RD：是的。）

Like what's the payload it could carry?

那么可能会运载什么？

RD: Well I don't think we ultimately know what it will be, right.

RD：呃，我想我们还不知道，对吧

We've got to fly it first.

我们首先得让它飞起来。

CA: But not necessarily just a camera?

CA：但不会只是个摄像机吧？

RD: No, not necessarily just a camera.

RD：不，不一定只是个摄像机。

CA: It's amazing.

CA：太棒了

The hummingbird?

蜂鸟？

RD: Yeah?

RD：嗯？

CA: I'm curious, you started your beautiful sequence on flight

CA：我很好奇，你在描述飞行时，

with a plane kind of trying to flap its wings

以一架试图拍打机翼却不成功的飞机开头，

and failing horribly,

顺序很漂亮。

and there haven't been that many planes built since

从那拍动翅膀的飞机失败后

that flap wings.

这种飞机就没有再问世。

Why did we think that this was the time to go biomimicry

为什么我们会认为，现在这是个进行生态模拟的时代

and copy a hummingbird?

去模拟蜂鸟？

Isn't that a very expensive solution

这对一个可操纵的小型飞行物来说

for a small maneuverable flying object?

不是个很昂贵的方案？

RD: So I mean, in part,

RD：所以，我认为，一方面，

we wondered if it was possible to do it.

我们想知道是否有可能做到

And you have to revisit these questions

而且你不得多次重温

over time.

这些问题。

The folks at AeroVironment

AeroVironmen公司t的人员

tried 300 or more different wing designs,

尝试了三百多种不同的机翼设计

12 different forms of the avionics.

12种不同形式的航空电子设备。

It took them 10 full prototypes

他们废了10个完整的原型机

to get something that would actually fly.

才最终制作出能真的飞起来的飞机。

But there's something really interesting

但是如果一个飞行器看起来像

about a flying machine

一个你能认出来的物体

that looks like something you'd recognize.

那么这是很有趣的。

So we often talk about stealth

所以我们常常讨论隐形

as a means for avoiding any type of sensing,

作为一种避开各种感测的途径

but when things looks just natural,

但是当事物看起来很自然时，

you also don't see them.

你也就看不到它们了

CA: Ah. So it's not necessarily just the performance.

CA：啊，所以不一定只是性能

It's partly the look. (RD: Sure.)

外形也是其中的元素 （RD：当然。）

It's actually, "Look at that cute hummingbird

确实如此，”看，一只可爱的蜂鸟

flying into my headquarters."

飞进了我的总部。”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Because I think, as well as the awe of looking at that,

因为我想，虽然我们现在怀着敬畏的心情看着它

I'm sure some people here are thinking,

但我相信肯定有人在想

technology catches up so quick,

科技日新月异

how long is it

什么时候

before some crazed geek with a little remote control

就有疯狂的极客拿着个小摇控器

flies one through a window of the White House?

让蜂鸟通过白宫的窗户飞进去？

I mean, do you worry about the Pandora's box issue here?

我的意思是，你有没有担心潘多拉盒子的问题？

RD: Well look, our singular mission

RD：呃，我想，我们的唯一任务

is the creation and prevention of strategic surprise.

是创造和预防策略性的突袭。

That's what we do.

这是我们的工作。

It would be inconceivable

如果我们做的事情

for us to do that work

不能同时让人们激动

if we didn't make people excited and uncomfortable with the things that we do

和不舒服，那么我们的工作

at the same time.

就没有意义。

It's just the nature of what we do.

这仅是我们工作的性质

Now our responsibility

现在，我们的责任是

is to push that edge.

不断地推进技术

And we have to be, of course, mindful and responsible

当然我们也得留意

of how the technology is developed

该技术的发展和最终用途

and ultimately used,

并对其负责，

but we can't simply close our eyes

但是我们不能干脆闭上眼睛，

and pretend that it isn't advancing; it's advancing.

假装技术不在进步；其实，技术在进步着。

CA: I mean, you're clearly a really inspiring leader.

CA：我的意思是，你是个很激励人的领导者。

And you persuade people

你鼓励人们

to go to these great feats of invention,

踊跃参与发明的伟大壮举，

but at a personal level,

但是从个人层面来说，

in a way I can't imagine doing your job.

我想象不了你进行工作的方式。

Do you wake up in the night sometimes,

你晚上睡觉时，有时会不会醒来

just asking questions

问自己

about the possibly unintended consequences

你的团队的聪明才智会不会

of your team's brilliance?

有不可预期的后果？

RD: Sure.

RD：当然。

I think you couldn't be human

既然是人

if you didn't ask those questions.

都会问过那些问题。

CA: How do you answer them?

CA：你怎么回答的呢？

RD: Well I don't always have answers for them, right.

RD：呃，我回答不了全部问题，对吧。

I think that we learn

我觉得我们在

as time goes on.

不断地学习。

My job is one of the most exhilarating jobs you could have.

我的工作是最令人振奋的工作之一

I work with some of the most amazing people.

我跟非常优秀的人一起工作

And with that exhilaration,

那种合作的愉快，

comes a really deep sense

随之而来的是强烈的

of responsibility.

责任感。

And so you have on the one hand

这样，你一方面获得了

this tremendous lift

可能性的

of what's possible

巨大提升

and this tremendous seriousness

以及其意义的

of what it means.

巨大严肃性。

CA: Regina, that was jaw-dropping, as they say.

CA：瑞姬娜，他们说，那种工作令人瞠目结舌。

Thank you so much for coming to TED. (RD: Thank you.)

谢谢来到TED（RD：谢谢）

(Applause)

（掌声）