Regina Dugan: From mach-20 glider to hummingbird drone

197,638 views ใƒป 2012-03-27

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Alexei Robsky ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
You should be nice
0
15260
2000
ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื
00:17
to nerds.
1
17260
2000
ืœื—ื ื•ื ื™ื.
00:19
In fact, I'd go so far as to say,
2
19260
2000
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืจื—ื™ืงื” ืœื›ืช ื•ืื•ืžืจืช,
00:21
if you don't already have a nerd in your life,
3
21260
2000
ืื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ื—ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื,
00:23
you should get one.
4
23260
3000
ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื—ื“.
00:26
I'm just saying.
5
26260
2000
ืื ื™ ืจืง ืื•ืžืจืช.
00:28
Scientists and engineers
6
28260
2000
ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื•ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื
00:30
change the world.
7
30260
3000
ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
00:33
I'd like to tell you
8
33260
2000
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื
00:35
about a magical place called DARPA
9
35260
3000
ืขืœ ืžืงื•ื ืงืกื•ื ืฉื ืงืจื DARPA
00:38
where scientists and engineers
10
38260
2000
ืฉื‘ื• ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื•ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื
00:40
defy the impossible
11
40260
2000
ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืชื™ื’ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™
00:42
and refuse to fear failure.
12
42260
3000
ื•ืžืกืจื‘ื™ื ืœืคื—ื“ ืžื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ.
00:45
Now these two ideas
13
45260
2000
ืฉื ื™ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
00:47
are connected more than you may realize,
14
47260
3000
ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ,
00:50
because when you remove the fear of failure,
15
50260
4000
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื—ื“ ืžื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ,
00:54
impossible things
16
54260
2000
ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื
00:56
suddenly become possible.
17
56260
4000
ืœืคืชืข ื ื”ืคื›ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื.
01:00
If you want to know how,
18
60260
2000
ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืš,
01:02
ask yourself this question:
19
62260
3000
ืชืฉืืœื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื‘ืื”:
01:05
What would you attempt to do
20
65260
2000
ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
01:07
if you knew you could not fail?
21
67260
3000
ืื ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉืœื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื›ืฉืœ?
01:10
If you really ask yourself
22
70260
2000
ืื ืืชื ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื
01:12
this question,
23
72260
2000
ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ืืช,
01:14
you can't help but feel uncomfortable.
24
74260
3000
ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœื ื‘ื ื•ื—.
01:17
I feel a little uncomfortable.
25
77260
3000
ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืงืฆืช ืœื ื‘ื ื•ื—.
01:20
Because when you ask it,
26
80260
2000
ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ื–ื”,
01:22
you begin to understand
27
82260
2000
ืืชื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
01:24
how the fear of failure constrains you,
28
84260
3000
ืื™ืš ื”ืคื—ื“ ืžื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืชื›ื,
01:27
how it keeps us
29
87260
2000
ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื ืข ืžืื™ืชื ื•
01:29
from attempting great things,
30
89260
3000
ืžืœื ืกื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
01:32
and life gets dull,
31
92260
3000
ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื”ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืขืžืžื™ื,
01:35
amazing things stop happening.
32
95260
3000
ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืช.
01:38
Sure, good things happen,
33
98260
2000
ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืงื•ืจื™ื,
01:40
but amazing things
34
100260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื
01:42
stop happening.
35
102260
2000
ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืช.
01:44
Now I should be clear,
36
104260
3000
ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื”,
01:47
I'm not encouraging failure,
37
107260
3000
ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ,
01:50
I'm discouraging
38
110260
2000
ืื ื™ ื“ื•ื—ื”
01:52
fear of failure.
39
112260
3000
ืคื—ื“ ืžื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ.
01:55
Because it's not failure itself
40
115260
2000
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื•
01:57
that constrains us.
41
117260
2000
ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื•.
01:59
The path to truly new,
42
119260
2000
ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
02:01
never-been-done-before things
43
121260
2000
ืฉืœื ืขืฉื• ืื•ืชื ืœืคื ื™
02:03
always has failure along the way.
44
123260
3000
ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื›ื™ืœ ื›ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ืจืš.
02:06
We're tested.
45
126260
2000
ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื.
02:08
And in part, that testing feels an appropriate part
46
128260
4000
ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื, ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชืื™ื
02:12
of achieving something great.
47
132260
3000
ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื’ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื ื”ื“ืจ.
02:15
Clemenceau said,
48
135260
2000
ืงืœืžื ืกื• ืืžืจ,
02:17
"Life gets interesting when we fail,
49
137260
3000
"ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื”ื™ื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื,
02:20
because it's a sign
50
140260
2000
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ
02:22
that we've surpassed ourselves."
51
142260
3000
ืฉืื ื• ืžืชืขืœื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•."
02:25
In 1895,
52
145260
2000
ื‘ืฉื ืช 1895,
02:27
Lord Kelvin declared
53
147260
2000
ืœื•ืจื“ ืงืœื•ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืจื™ื–
02:29
that heavier-than-air flying machines
54
149260
2000
ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืžืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืขืคื•ืช
02:31
were impossible.
55
151260
2000
ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช.
02:33
In October of 1903,
56
153260
2000
ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 1903,
02:35
the prevailing opinion
57
155260
2000
ื”ื“ืขื” ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ืช
02:37
of expert aerodynamicists
58
157260
3000
ืฉืœ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ืื•ื™ืจื•ื“ื™ื ืืžื™ืงื”
02:40
was that maybe in 10 million years
59
160260
2000
ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืขื•ื“ 10 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”
02:42
we could build an aircraft that would fly.
60
162260
3000
ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื˜ื™ืก ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื•ืฃ.
02:45
And two months later on December 17th,
61
165260
3000
ื•ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘-17 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ,
02:48
Orville Wright powered the first airplane
62
168260
3000
ืื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืœ ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื”ื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
02:51
across a beach in North Carolina.
63
171260
3000
ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื•ืœื™ื ื”.
02:54
The flight lasted 12 seconds
64
174260
3000
ื”ื˜ื™ืกื” ืืจื›ื” 12 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช
02:57
and covered 120 feet.
65
177260
3000
ื•ื›ื™ืกืชื” 37 ืžื˜ืจ.
03:00
That was 1903.
66
180260
2000
ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” 1903.
03:02
One year later,
67
182260
2000
ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ,
03:04
the next declarations of impossibilities began.
68
184260
3000
ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื•.
03:07
Ferdinand Foch, a French army general
69
187260
3000
ืคืจื“ื™ื ื ื“ ืคื•ืฉ, ื’ื ืจืœ ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™
03:10
credited with having one of the most original and subtle minds
70
190260
4000
ืืฉืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื‘ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:14
in the French army,
71
194260
2000
ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™,
03:16
said, "Airplanes are interesting toys,
72
196260
3000
ืืžืจ, "ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื”ื ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื,
03:19
but of no military value."
73
199260
4000
ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืขืจืš ืฆื‘ืื™."
03:23
40 years later,
74
203260
2000
ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ,
03:25
aero experts coined the term transonic.
75
205260
3000
ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ืื•ื™ืจื•ื“ื™ื ืืžื™ืงื” ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ื ื— ื˜ืจื ืก-ืกื•ื ื™
03:28
They debated, should it have one S or two?
76
208260
5000
ื”ื ื“ื ื•, ื”ืื ื‘ืžื•ื ื— ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข 'ืก' ืื—ืช ืื• ืฉืชื™ื?
03:33
You see, they were having trouble in this flight regime,
77
213260
3000
ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืกื” ื”ื–ื”,
03:36
and it wasn't at all clear
78
216260
2000
ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจื•ืจ
03:38
that we could fly faster than the speed of sound.
79
218260
4000
ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื˜ื•ืก ืžื”ืจ ืžืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœ.
03:42
In 1947,
80
222260
2000
ื‘ืฉื ืช 1947,
03:44
there was no wind tunnel data
81
224260
2000
ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืจืช ืจื•ื—
03:46
beyond Mach 0.85.
82
226260
5000
ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœ-0.85 ืžืืš.
03:51
And yet,
83
231260
2000
ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ,
03:53
on Tuesday, October 14th, 1947,
84
233260
5000
ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, 14 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ, 1947,
03:58
Chuck Yeager climbed into the cockpit
85
238260
3000
ืฆ'ืืง ื™ื™ื’ืจ ื˜ื™ืคืก ืœืชื ื”ื˜ื™ื™ืก
04:01
of his Bell X-1
86
241260
2000
ืฉืœ ื”-Bell X-1 ืฉืœื•
04:03
and he flew
87
243260
2000
ื•ื˜ืก
04:05
towards an unknown possibility,
88
245260
4000
ืœืขื‘ืจ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืขื”,
04:09
and in so doing,
89
249260
2000
ื•ื‘ื›ืš,
04:11
he became the first pilot
90
251260
2000
ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ื™ืก ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
04:13
to fly faster than the speed of sound.
91
253260
4000
ืฉื˜ืก ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœ.
04:22
Six of eight Atlas rockets
92
262260
2000
ืฉื™ืฉื” ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื˜ื™ืœื™ ืื˜ืœืก
04:24
blew up on the pad.
93
264260
2000
ื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฆื• ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจ.
04:26
After 11 complete mission failures,
94
266260
2000
ืื—ืจื™ 11 ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื•ืฉืœื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™,
04:28
we got our first images from space.
95
268260
2000
ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื—ืœืœ.
04:30
And on that first flight
96
270260
2000
ื•ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืกื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
04:32
we got more data
97
272260
2000
ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ืข
04:34
than in all U-2 missions combined.
98
274260
5000
ืžืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื” U-2 ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
04:39
It took a lot of failures
99
279260
2000
ื–ื” ืœืงื— ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืช
04:41
to get there.
100
281260
2000
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื.
04:43
Since we took to the sky,
101
283260
2000
ืžืื– ืฉื”ืžืจืื ื• ืœืฉืžื™ื™ื,
04:45
we have wanted to fly
102
285260
2000
ืชืžื™ื“ ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื˜ื•ืก,
04:47
faster and farther.
103
287260
3000
ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:50
And to do so,
104
290260
2000
ื•ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช,
04:52
we've had to believe in impossible things.
105
292260
3000
ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื.
04:55
And we've had to refuse
106
295260
2000
ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืกืจื‘
04:57
to fear failure.
107
297260
3000
ืœืคื—ื“ ืžื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ.
05:00
That's still true today.
108
300260
3000
ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื.
05:03
Today, we don't talk about flying transonically,
109
303260
4000
ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื˜ืจื ืก-ืกื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
05:07
or even supersonically,
110
307260
3000
ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ืกื•ืคืจ-ืกื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
05:10
we talk about flying hypersonically --
111
310260
3000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ื™ืคืจ-ืกื•ื ื™ื•ืช --
05:13
not Mach 2 or Mach 3, Mach 20.
112
313260
4000
ืœื ืžืืš 2 ืื• ืžืืš 3, ืžืืš 20.
05:17
At Mach 20,
113
317260
2000
ื‘ืžืืš 20,
05:19
we can fly from New York to Long Beach
114
319260
2000
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืก ืžื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืœืœื•ื ื’ ื‘ื™ืฅ'
05:21
in 11 minutes and 20 seconds.
115
321260
3000
ื‘-11 ื“ืงื•ืช ื•-20 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช.
05:24
At that speed,
116
324260
2000
ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช,
05:26
the surface of the airfoil
117
326260
2000
ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืฃ
05:28
is the temperature of molten steel --
118
328260
2000
ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืœื“ื” ืžื•ืชื›ืช --
05:30
3,500 degrees Fahrenheit --
119
330260
3000
ื›-1927 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœืกื™ื•ืก --
05:33
like a blast furnace.
120
333260
2000
ื›ืžื• ื›ื‘ืฉืŸ ื”ืชื›ื”.
05:35
We are essentially burning the airfoil
121
335260
3000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉื•ืจืคื™ื ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—
05:38
as we fly it.
122
338260
2000
ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ื˜ืกื™ื.
05:40
And we are flying it,
123
340260
2000
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืืช ื–ื”,
05:42
or trying to.
124
342260
2000
ืื• ืžื ืกื™ื.
05:44
DARPA's hypersonic test vehicle
125
344260
3000
ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืคืจ-ืกื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ DARPA
05:47
is the fastest maneuvering aircraft
126
347260
2000
ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืก ื”ืžืชืžืจืŸ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:49
ever built.
127
349260
2000
ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ืื™ ืคืขื.
05:51
It's boosted to near-space
128
351260
3000
ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื’ืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื—ืœืœ
05:54
atop a Minotaur IV rocket.
129
354260
2000
ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื˜ื™ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ืื•ืจ 4.
05:56
Now the Minotaur IV has too much impulse,
130
356260
2000
ืœืžื™ื ื•ื˜ืื•ืจ 4 ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ื™ ื“ื—ืฃ,
05:58
so we have to bleed it off
131
358260
2000
ืื– ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ื•ืžื ืื•ืชื•
06:00
by flying the rocket
132
360260
2000
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื˜ืกืช ื”ื˜ื™ืœ
06:02
at an 89 degree angle of attack
133
362260
2000
ื‘-89 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืงื™ืคื”
06:04
for portions of the trajectory.
134
364260
3000
ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ.
06:07
That's an unnatural act
135
367260
2000
ื–ืืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ืœื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช
06:09
for a rocket.
136
369260
2000
ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื˜ื™ืœ.
06:11
The third stage has a camera.
137
371260
3000
ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืžื›ื™ืœ ืžืฆืœืžื”.
06:14
We call it rocketcam.
138
374260
2000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• ืžืฆืœืžืช-ื˜ื™ืœ.
06:16
And it's pointed
139
376260
2000
ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ
06:18
at the hypersonic glider.
140
378260
3000
ืขืœ ื”ื“ืื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื™ืคืจ-ืกื•ื ื™.
06:21
This is the actual rocketcam footage
141
381260
3000
ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืชืฆืœื•ื ืืžื™ืชื™ ืžืžืฆืœืžืช ื”ื˜ื™ืœ
06:24
from flight one.
142
384260
2000
ืžื”ื˜ื™ืกื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
06:26
Now to conceal the shape, we changed the aspect ratio a little bit.
143
386260
3000
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื”, ืฉื™ื ื™ื ื• ืงืฆืช ืืช ื™ื—ืก ื”ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื.
06:29
But this is what it looks like
144
389260
3000
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืื™ืš ืฉื–ื” ื ืจืื”
06:32
from the third stage of the rocket
145
392260
2000
ืžื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืœ
06:34
looking at the unmanned glider
146
394260
2000
ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืื•ืŸ ืœืœื ื˜ื™ื™ืก
06:36
as it heads into the atmosphere
147
396260
3000
ื›ืฉืคื ื™ื• ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื”
06:39
back towards Earth.
148
399260
2000
ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
06:41
We've flown twice.
149
401260
2000
ื˜ืกื ื• ืคืขืžื™ื™ื.
06:43
In the first flight,
150
403260
2000
ื‘ื˜ื™ืกื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
06:45
no aerodynamic control of the vehicle.
151
405260
3000
ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื•ื™ืจื•ื“ื™ื ืืžื™ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืก.
06:48
But we collected more hypersonic flight data
152
408260
3000
ืื‘ืœ ืืกืคื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืกื” ื”ื™ืคืจ-ืกื•ื ื™ืช
06:51
than in 30 years
153
411260
2000
ืž-30 ืฉื ื™ื
06:53
of ground-based testing combined.
154
413260
3000
ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืงืจืงืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
06:56
And in the second flight,
155
416260
3000
ื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืกื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”,
06:59
three minutes of fully-controlled,
156
419260
3000
ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžืœืื”,
07:02
aerodynamic flight
157
422260
2000
ื‘ื˜ื™ืกื” ืื™ื•ื™ืจื•ื“ื™ื ืืžื™ืช
07:04
at Mach 20.
158
424260
2000
ื‘ืžืืš 20.
07:06
We must fly again,
159
426260
2000
ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื˜ื•ืก ืฉื•ื‘,
07:08
because amazing, never-been-done-before things
160
428260
4000
ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ืฉืœื ื ืขืฉื• ืงื•ื“ื
07:12
require that you fly.
161
432260
3000
ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืชื˜ื•ืกื•.
07:15
You can't learn to fly at Mach 20
162
435260
3000
ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื˜ื•ืก ื‘ืžืืš 20
07:18
unless you fly.
163
438260
3000
ืื ืœื ืชื˜ื•ืกื•.
07:21
And while there's no substitute for speed,
164
441260
3000
ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
07:24
maneuverability is a very close second.
165
444260
4000
ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืชืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:28
If a Mach 20 glider takes 11 minutes and 20 seconds
166
448260
3000
ืื ืœื“ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืืš 20 ืœื•ืงื— 11 ื“ืงื•ืช ื•-20 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช
07:31
to get from New York to Long Beach,
167
451260
2000
ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืœืœื•ื ื’ ื‘ื™ืฅ',
07:33
a hummingbird would take,
168
453260
2000
ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ืœื™ื‘ืจื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช,
07:35
well, days.
169
455260
3000
ื™ืžื™ื.
07:38
You see, hummingbirds are not hypersonic,
170
458260
2000
ื”ืงื•ืœื™ื‘ืจื™ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ืคืจ-ืกื•ื ื™ื™ื,
07:40
but they are maneuverable.
171
460260
3000
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืขื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืชืžืจื•ืŸ.
07:43
In fact, the hummingbird is the only bird
172
463260
3000
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืงื•ืœื™ื‘ืจื™ ื–ืืช ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”
07:46
that can fly backwards.
173
466260
2000
ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื•ืฃ ืื—ื•ืจื”.
07:48
It can fly up, down,
174
468260
2000
ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื•ืฃ ืœืžืขืœื”, ืœืžื˜ื”,
07:50
forwards, backwards,
175
470260
2000
ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ืื—ื•ืจื”,
07:52
even upside-down.
176
472260
3000
ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืคื•ืš.
07:55
And so if we wanted to fly in this room
177
475260
3000
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขื•ืฃ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื”
07:58
or places where humans can't go,
178
478260
2000
ืื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื”ืŸ,
08:00
we'd need an aircraft
179
480260
2000
ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืžื˜ื•ืก
08:02
small enough and maneuverable enough
180
482260
3000
ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื•ืขื ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืชืžืจื•ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง
08:05
to do so.
181
485260
2000
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
08:07
This is a hummingbird drone.
182
487260
3000
ื–ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ื”ืงื•ืœื™ื‘ืจื™.
08:10
It can fly in all directions,
183
490260
2000
ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื•ืฃ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื,
08:12
even backwards.
184
492260
2000
ืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ื•ืจื”.
08:14
It can hover and rotate.
185
494260
3000
ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจื—ืฃ ื•ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘.
08:17
This prototype aircraft
186
497260
2000
ื”ืื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืก ื”ื–ื”
08:19
is equipped with a video camera.
187
499260
3000
ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื“ ืขื ืžืฆืœืžืช ื•ื™ื“ืื•.
08:22
It weighs less than one AA battery.
188
502260
4000
ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืงืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืœืœืช AA.
08:26
It does not eat nectar.
189
506260
3000
ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ื ืงื˜ืจ.
08:29
In 2008,
190
509260
2000
ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008,
08:31
it flew for a whopping 20 seconds,
191
511260
3000
ื”ื•ื ืขืฃ 20 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช,
08:34
a year later, two minutes,
192
514260
2000
ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืฉืชื™ ื“ืงื•ืช,
08:36
then six,
193
516260
2000
ื•ืื– ืฉืฉ,
08:38
eventually 11.
194
518260
2000
ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ 11.
08:40
Many prototypes crashed -- many.
195
520260
4000
ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื‘ื™-ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื”ืชืจืกืงื• -- ื”ืจื‘ื”.
08:44
But there's no way
196
524260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช
08:46
to learn to fly like a hummingbird
197
526260
2000
ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืขื•ืฃ ื›ืžื• ืงื•ืœื™ื‘ืจื™
08:48
unless you fly.
198
528260
3000
ืื ืืชื” ืœื ืขืฃ.
08:56
(Applause)
199
536260
8000
(ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:04
It's beautiful, isn't it.
200
544260
4000
ื–ื” ื™ืคื”, ืœื ื›ืŸ.
09:08
Wow.
201
548260
2000
ื•ื•ืื•.
09:10
It's great.
202
550260
2000
ื–ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ.
09:15
Matt is the first ever hummingbird pilot.
203
555260
3000
ืžืื˜ ื”ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ืก ื”ืงื•ืœื™ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื™ ืคืขื.
09:18
(Applause)
204
558260
7000
(ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:25
Failure is part of creating
205
565260
3000
ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจื”
09:28
new and amazing things.
206
568260
2000
ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
09:30
We cannot both fear failure
207
570260
3000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœืคื—ื“ ืžื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ
09:33
and make amazing new things --
208
573260
4000
ื•ื’ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื --
09:37
like a robot
209
577260
2000
ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜
09:39
with the stability of a dog on rough terrain,
210
579260
3000
ืขื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœื‘ ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื— ืงืฉื”,
09:42
or maybe even ice;
211
582260
2000
ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ืœื™ ืขืœ ืงืจื—;
09:44
a robot that can run like a cheetah,
212
584260
2000
ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจื•ืฅ ื›ืžื• ืฆ'ื™ื˜ื”,
09:46
or climb stairs like a human
213
586260
3000
ืื• ืœืขืœื•ืช ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื
09:49
with the occasional clumsiness of a human.
214
589260
5000
ืขื ืกืจื‘ื•ืœ ืžืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื.
09:54
Or perhaps, Spider Man
215
594260
3000
ืื• ืื•ืœื™, ืื™ืฉ ื”ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉ
09:57
will one day be Gecko Man.
216
597260
3000
ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืžืžื™ืช.
10:00
A gecko can support
217
600260
2000
ืฉืžืžื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง
10:02
its entire body weight
218
602260
2000
ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืฉืงืœ ื’ื•ืคื”
10:04
with one toe.
219
604260
2000
ืขื ืืฆื‘ืข ืื—ืช.
10:06
One square millimeter of a gecko's footpad
220
606260
3000
ืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจ ืžืจื•ื‘ืข ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื˜ื— ื‘ืืฆื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืžื™ืช
10:09
has 14,000 hair-like structures
221
609260
3000
ืžื›ื™ืœ 14000 ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืฉื™ืขืจ
10:12
called setae.
222
612260
2000
ืฉื ืงืจืื™ื ืกื™ื˜ื.
10:14
They are used to help it grip to surfaces
223
614260
3000
ื”ื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื• ืœืื—ื•ื– ื‘ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื
10:17
using intermolecular forces.
224
617260
3000
ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืืจื™ื™ื.
10:20
Today we can manufacture structures
225
620260
3000
ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ื
10:23
that mimic the hairs of a gecko's foot.
226
623260
3000
ืฉืžื—ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืจื’ืœ ื”ืฉืžืžื™ืช.
10:26
The result,
227
626260
2000
ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”,
10:28
a four-by-four-inch
228
628260
2000
10 ืขืœ 10 ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจ
10:30
artificial nano-gecko adhesive.
229
630260
4000
ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืง ื ืื ื•-ืฉืžืžื™ืช ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™.
10:34
can support a static load
230
634260
2000
ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ืกื˜ื˜ื™
10:36
of 660 pounds.
231
636260
2000
ืฉืœ 300 ืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจื.
10:38
That's enough to stick
232
638260
2000
ื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง
10:40
six 42-inch plasma TV's to your wall,
233
640260
3000
ืฉืฉ ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ืคืœืื–ืžื” 42 ืื™ื ืฅ' ืœืงื™ืจ ืฉืœื›ื,
10:43
no nails.
234
643260
2000
ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกืžืจื™ื.
10:45
So much for Velcro, right?
235
645260
3000
ื–ื” ื”ืกื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืกืงื•ืฅ', ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
10:48
And it's not just passive structures,
236
648260
3000
ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืคืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื,
10:51
it's entire machines.
237
651260
3000
ื–ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช.
10:54
This is a spider mite.
238
654260
2000
ื–ื” ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืงืจื“ื™ืช.
10:56
It's one millimeter long,
239
656260
2000
ื”ื•ื ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจ ืื—ื“,
10:58
but it looks like Godzilla
240
658260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ื’ื•ื“ื–ื™ืœื”
11:00
next to these micromachines.
241
660260
3000
ืœื™ื“ ื”ืžื™ืงืจื• ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
11:03
In the world of Godzilla spider mites,
242
663260
3000
ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ื”ืงืจื“ื™ืช ื”ื’ื•ื“ื–ื™ืœื•ืช,
11:06
we can make millions of mirrors,
243
666260
3000
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ืคื™ื,
11:09
each one-fifth the diameter
244
669260
2000
ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช
11:11
of a human hair,
245
671260
2000
ืžืฉืขืจืช ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื,
11:13
moving at hundreds of thousands of times per second
246
673260
3000
ืืฉืจ ื–ื–ื™ื ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื™ื”
11:16
to make large screen displays,
247
676260
3000
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืกื›ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
11:19
so that we can watch movies like "Godzilla"
248
679260
2000
ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื›ืžื• "ื’ื•ื“ื™ื–ืœื”"
11:21
in high-def.
249
681260
3000
ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
11:24
And if we can build machines
250
684260
2000
ื•ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช
11:26
at that scale,
251
686260
2000
ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื›ื–ื”,
11:28
what about Eiffel Tower-like trusses
252
688260
3000
ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžื’ื“ืœ ืื™ื™ืคืœ
11:31
at the microscale?
253
691260
2000
ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื–ืขื™ืจ ื›ื–ื”?
11:33
Today we are making metals
254
693260
3000
ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืชื›ื•ืช
11:36
that are lighter than Styrofoam,
255
696260
2000
ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงืœืงืจ,
11:38
so light
256
698260
2000
ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืœื•ืช
11:40
they can sit atop a dandelion puff
257
700260
2000
ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ืฉืŸ ื”ืืจื™
11:42
and be blown away
258
702260
2000
ื•ืœืขื•ืฃ ืจื—ื•ืง
11:44
with a wisp of air --
259
704260
2000
ืžืžืฉื‘ ืจื•ื— ืงื˜ืŸ --
11:46
so light
260
706260
2000
ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืœื•ืช
11:48
that you can make a car that two people can lift,
261
708260
3000
ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื™ื,
11:51
but so strong
262
711260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ื–ืงื”
11:53
that it has the crash-worthiness of an SUV.
263
713260
3000
ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืจืกืงื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืœืจื›ื‘ ืฉื˜ื—.
11:56
From the smallest wisp of air
264
716260
3000
ืžืžืฉื‘ ืจื•ื— ื”ื›ื™ ืงื˜ืŸ
11:59
to the powerful forces of nature's storms.
265
719260
3000
ืœื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.
12:02
There are 44 lightning strikes per second
266
722260
3000
ื™ืฉื ื 44 ื‘ืจืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื™ื”
12:05
around the globe.
267
725260
2000
ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
12:07
Each lightning bolt heats the air
268
727260
3000
ื›ืœ ื‘ืจืง ืžื—ืžื ืืช ื”ืื•ื™ืจ
12:10
to 44,000 degrees Fahrenheit --
269
730260
2000
ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ 24426 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœืกื™ื•ืก --
12:12
hotter than the surface of the Sun.
270
732260
3000
ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
12:15
What if we could use
271
735260
2000
ืžื” ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ
12:17
these electromagnetic pulses
272
737260
2000
ื‘ืคื•ืœืกื™ื ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•-ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
12:19
as beacons,
273
739260
2000
ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ืื•ืช,
12:21
beacons in a moving network
274
741260
3000
ืžืฉื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช ื ืขื”
12:24
of powerful transmitters?
275
744260
3000
ืฉืœ ืžืฉื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื•ืฆืžื”?
12:27
Experiments suggest
276
747260
2000
ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืžืจืื™ื
12:29
that lightning could be the next GPS.
277
749260
5000
ืฉื”ื‘ืจืงื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”-GPS ื”ื‘ื.
12:34
Electrical pulses form the thoughts in our brains.
278
754260
3000
ืคื•ืœืกื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ืžื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
12:37
Using a grid the size of your thumb,
279
757260
3000
ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืจืฉืช ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœื›ื,
12:40
with 32 electrodes
280
760260
2000
ืขื 32 ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื“ื•ืช
12:42
on the surface of his brain,
281
762260
2000
ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื•,
12:44
Tim uses his thoughts
282
764260
2000
ื˜ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื•
12:46
to control an advanced prosthetic arm.
283
766260
6000
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ื“ ืชื•ืชื‘ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžืช.
12:52
And his thoughts
284
772260
2000
ื•ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื•
12:54
made him reach for Katie.
285
774260
2000
ืขื–ืจื• ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืงื™ื™ื˜ื™.
12:56
This is the first time
286
776260
4000
ื–ืืช ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
13:00
a human has controlled a robot
287
780260
2000
ืฉื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ืฉืœื˜ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜
13:02
with thought alone.
288
782260
3000
ืขื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
13:05
And it is the first time
289
785260
2000
ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
13:07
that Tim has held Katie's hand
290
787260
2000
ืฉื˜ื™ื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืงื™ื™ื˜ื™
13:09
in seven years.
291
789260
2000
ืžื–ื” ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื.
13:11
That moment mattered
292
791260
2000
ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™
13:13
to Tim and Katie,
293
793260
2000
ืœื˜ื™ื ื•ืงื™ื™ื˜ื™,
13:15
and this green goo
294
795260
2000
ื•ื”ื“ื™ื™ืกื” ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื” ื”ื–ืืช
13:17
may someday matter to you.
295
797260
3000
ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื’ื ืœื›ื ืžืชื™ืฉื”ื•.
13:20
This green goo
296
800260
2000
ื”ื“ื™ื™ืกื” ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื” ื”ื–ืืช
13:22
is perhaps the vaccine that could save your life.
297
802260
3000
ื”ื™ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ืชืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื›ื.
13:25
It was made in tobacco plants.
298
805260
3000
ื”ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื” ืžืฆืžื—ื™ ื˜ื‘ืง.
13:28
Tobacco plants
299
808260
2000
ืฆืžื—ื™ ื˜ื‘ืง
13:30
can make millions of doses of vaccine
300
810260
3000
ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื›ื™ื‘
13:33
in weeks instead of months,
301
813260
3000
ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
13:36
and it might just be
302
816260
2000
ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
13:38
the first healthy use of tobacco ever.
303
818260
4000
ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ืง ืื™ ืคืขื.
13:42
And if it seems far-fetched
304
822260
2000
ื•ืื ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช
13:44
that tobacco plants could make people healthy,
305
824260
3000
ืฉืฆืžื—ื™ ื˜ื‘ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืคื ืื ืฉื™ื,
13:47
what about gamers that could solve problems
306
827260
3000
ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื’ื™ื™ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช
13:50
that experts can't solve?
307
830260
2000
ืฉืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ?
13:52
Last September,
308
832260
2000
ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืฉืขื‘ืจ,
13:54
the gamers of Foldit
309
834260
2000
ื”ื’ื™ื™ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœ Foldit
13:56
solved the three-dimensional structure
310
836260
2000
ืคืชืจื• ืžื‘ื ื” ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™
13:58
of the retroviral protease
311
838260
2000
ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื˜ืื–ื™ื ืจื˜ืจื•-ื•ื™ืจืœื™ื
14:00
that contributes to AIDS in rhesus monkeys.
312
840260
3000
ืฉืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืื™ื™ื“ืก ืืฆืœ ืงื•ืคื™ ืจื–ื•ืก.
14:03
Now understanding this structure
313
843260
2000
ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื”
14:05
is very important for developing treatments.
314
845260
4000
ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช.
14:09
For 15 years,
315
849260
2000
ื‘ืžืฉืš 15 ืฉื ื”,
14:11
it was unsolved
316
851260
2000
ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ื™ื” ืœื ืคืชื•ืจื”
14:13
in the scientific community.
317
853260
2000
ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื.
14:15
The gamers of Foldit
318
855260
2000
ื”ื’ื™ื™ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœ Foldit
14:17
solved it in 15 days.
319
857260
3000
ืคืชืจื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘-15 ื™ืžื™ื.
14:20
Now they were able to do so
320
860260
2000
ื”ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช
14:22
by working together.
321
862260
2000
ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช.
14:24
They were able to work together
322
864260
2000
ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“
14:26
because they're connected by the Internet.
323
866260
2000
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
14:28
And others, also connected to the Internet,
324
868260
3000
ื•ืื—ืจื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื’ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
14:31
used it as an instrument of democracy.
325
871260
4000
ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื–ื” ื›ื›ืœื™ ืœื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”.
14:35
And together
326
875260
2000
ื•ื‘ื™ื—ื“
14:37
they changed the fate of their nation.
327
877260
3000
ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื’ื•ืจืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” ืฉืœื”ื.
14:40
The Internet is home to two billion people,
328
880260
3000
ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื,
14:43
or 30 percent of the world's population.
329
883260
3000
ืื• 30 ืื—ื•ื– ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื,
14:46
It allows us to contribute
330
886260
3000
ื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืชืจื•ื
14:49
and to be heard
331
889260
2000
ื•ืœื”ืฉืžืข
14:51
as individuals.
332
891260
2000
ื›ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื.
14:53
It allows us to amplify
333
893260
3000
ื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ
14:56
our voices and our power
334
896260
3000
ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•
14:59
as a group.
335
899260
2000
ื›ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”.
15:01
But it too had humble beginnings.
336
901260
3000
ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฆื ื•ืขื”.
15:04
In 1969, the internet was but a dream,
337
904260
3000
ื‘ืฉื ืช 1969, ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ื—ืœื•ื,
15:07
a few sketches on a piece of paper.
338
907260
2000
ื›ืžื” ืกืงื™ืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ืกืช ื ื™ื™ืจ.
15:09
And then on October 29th,
339
909260
3000
ื•ืื– ื‘-29 ืœืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ,
15:12
the first packet-switched message was sent
340
912260
2000
ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื ืฉืœื—ื”
15:14
from UCLA to SRI.
341
914260
3000
ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ืœืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืกื˜ื ืคื•ืจื“.
15:17
The first two letters of the word "Login,"
342
917260
3000
ืฉืชื™ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืžื™ืœื” "Login",
15:20
that's all that made it through --
343
920260
2000
ื”ืŸ ืืœื• ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ --
15:22
an L and an O --
344
922260
2000
L ื• O --
15:24
and then a buffer overflow crashed the system.
345
924260
2000
ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื’ืœื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืฉื”ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.
15:26
(Laughter)
346
926260
3000
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
15:29
Two letters,
347
929260
2000
ืฉืชื™ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช,
15:31
an L and an O,
348
931260
3000
L ื• O,
15:34
now a worldwide force.
349
934260
4000
ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ื•ื— ืขื•ืœืžื™.
15:38
So who are these scientists and engineers
350
938260
3000
ืื– ืžื™ ื”ื ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื
15:41
at a magical place called DARPA?
351
941260
3000
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืงืกื•ื ืฉื ืงืจื DARPA?
15:44
They are nerds,
352
944260
3000
ืืœื• ื”ื ื—ื ื•ื ื™ื,
15:47
and they are heroes among us.
353
947260
3000
ื•ื”ื ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•.
15:50
They challenge existing perspectives
354
950260
2000
ื”ื ืžืืชื’ืจื™ื ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช
15:52
at the edges of science
355
952260
2000
ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื“ืข
15:54
and under the most demanding of conditions.
356
954260
4000
ื•ืชื—ืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืชื•ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื.
15:58
They remind us
357
958260
2000
ื”ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœื ื•
16:00
that we can change the world
358
960260
2000
ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
16:02
if we defy the impossible
359
962260
2000
ืื ื ืงืจื ืชื™ื’ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ ืืคืฉืจื™
16:04
and we refuse to fear failure.
360
964260
4000
ื•ื ืกืจื‘ ืœืคื—ื“ ืžื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ.
16:08
They remind us
361
968260
2000
ื”ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœื ื•
16:10
that we all have nerd power.
362
970260
3000
ืฉืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื— ื—ื ื•ื ื™.
16:13
Sometimes we just forget.
363
973260
4000
ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื.
16:17
You see, there was a time
364
977260
2000
ื”ื™ื• ื–ืžื ื™ื,
16:19
when you weren't afraid of failure,
365
979260
2000
ืฉืœื ืคื—ื“ืชื ืžื›ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืช,
16:21
when you were a great artist or a great dancer
366
981260
3000
ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืจืงื“ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
16:24
and you could sing, you were good at math,
367
984260
2000
ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœืฉื™ืจ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ,
16:26
you could build things, you were an astronaut,
368
986260
3000
ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื,
16:29
an adventurer, Jacques Cousteau,
369
989260
2000
ื”ืจืคืชืงื ื™ื, ื–'ืืง ืงื•ืกื˜ื•,
16:31
you could jump higher, run faster,
370
991260
2000
ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœืงืคื•ืฅ ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ืœืจื•ืฅ ืžื”ืจ,
16:33
kick harder than anyone.
371
993260
3000
ืœื‘ืขื•ื˜ ื—ื–ืง ืžื›ื•ืœื.
16:36
You believed in impossible things
372
996260
2000
ื”ืืžื ืชื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื
16:38
and you were fearless.
373
998260
2000
ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื ื˜ื•ืœื™ ืคื—ื“.
16:40
You were totally and completely in touch
374
1000260
4000
ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื•ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช
16:44
with your inner superhero.
375
1004260
4000
ืขื ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœื›ื.
16:48
Scientists and engineers
376
1008260
3000
ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื•ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื
16:51
can indeed change the world.
377
1011260
3000
ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
16:54
So can you.
378
1014260
2000
ื•ื’ื ืืชื.
16:56
You were born to.
379
1016260
2000
ื ื•ืœื“ืชื ืœื–ื”.
16:58
So go ahead,
380
1018260
2000
ืื– ืงื“ื™ืžื”,
17:00
ask yourself,
381
1020260
2000
ืชืฉืืœื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื,
17:02
what would you attempt to do
382
1022260
3000
ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
17:05
if you knew you could not fail?
383
1025260
2000
ืื ื™ื“ืขืชื ืฉืœื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื›ืฉืœ?
17:07
Now I want to say,
384
1027260
2000
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“,
17:09
this is not easy.
385
1029260
3000
ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืงืœ.
17:12
It's hard to hold onto this feeling,
386
1032260
2000
ื–ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช,
17:14
really hard.
387
1034260
2000
ื‘ืืžืช ืงืฉื”.
17:16
I guess in some way,
388
1036260
2000
ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื—ื” ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช,
17:18
I sort of believe it's supposed to be hard.
389
1038260
2000
ืื ื™ ืงืฆืช ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื–ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื”.
17:20
Doubt and fear always creep in.
390
1040260
3000
ืกืคืงื•ืช ื•ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืชื’ื ื‘ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื”.
17:23
We think someone else, someone smarter than us,
391
1043260
3000
ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ, ื—ื›ื ืžืื™ืชื ื•,
17:26
someone more capable,
392
1046260
2000
ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช,
17:28
someone with more resources will solve that problem.
393
1048260
3000
ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื™ืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ื”.
17:31
But there isn't anyone else;
394
1051260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ;
17:33
there's just you.
395
1053260
3000
ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืืชื›ื.
17:36
And if we're lucky,
396
1056260
2000
ื•ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื–ืœ,
17:38
in that moment,
397
1058260
2000
ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ื”ื•ื,
17:40
someone steps into that doubt and fear,
398
1060260
3000
ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืกืคืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื—ื“,
17:43
takes a hand and says,
399
1063260
3000
ืžื•ืฉื™ื˜ ื™ื“ ื•ืื•ืžืจ,
17:46
"Let me help you believe."
400
1066260
3000
"ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืš ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ."
17:49
Jason Harley did that for me.
401
1069260
3000
ื’ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื”ืืจืœื™ ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™.
17:52
Jason started at DARPA
402
1072260
3000
ื’ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘-DARPA
17:55
on March 18th, 2010.
403
1075260
2000
ื‘-18 ืœืžืจืฅ, 2010.
17:57
He was with our transportation team.
404
1077260
4000
ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•.
18:01
I saw Jason nearly every day,
405
1081260
2000
ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื’ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื,
18:03
sometimes twice a day.
406
1083260
2000
ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื.
18:05
And more so than most,
407
1085260
2000
ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื,
18:07
he saw the highs and the lows,
408
1087260
3000
ื”ื•ื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช,
18:10
the celebrations and the disappointments.
409
1090260
4000
ื”ืฉืžื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื›ื–ื‘ื•ืช.
18:14
And on one particularly dark day for me,
410
1094260
4000
ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™,
18:18
Jason sat down
411
1098260
2000
ื’ื™ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘
18:20
and he wrote an email.
412
1100260
3000
ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืœื™ ื“ื•ืืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™.
18:23
He was encouraging,
413
1103260
2000
ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ื“ื“,
18:25
but firm.
414
1105260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืชืŸ.
18:27
And when he hit send,
415
1107260
2000
ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ืฅ ืฉืœื—,
18:29
he probably didn't realize what a difference it would make.
416
1109260
3000
ื”ื•ื ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
18:32
It mattered to me.
417
1112260
2000
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™.
18:34
In that moment
418
1114260
2000
ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจื’ืข
18:36
and still today
419
1116260
3000
ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื
18:39
when I doubt,
420
1119260
2000
ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื˜ื™ืœื” ืกืคืง,
18:41
when I feel afraid,
421
1121260
3000
ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืคื•ื—ื“ืช,
18:44
when I need to reconnect
422
1124260
2000
ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ
18:46
with that feeling,
423
1126260
2000
ืขื ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช,
18:48
I remember his words,
424
1128260
3000
ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื•,
18:51
they were so powerful.
425
1131260
2000
ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ื–ืงื•ืช.
18:53
Text: "There is only time enough to iron your cape
426
1133260
3000
ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘: "ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืžืกืคื™ืง ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื”ืฅ ืืช ื”ื’ืœื™ืžื” ืฉืœืš
18:56
and back to the skies for you."
427
1136260
3000
ื•ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš."
19:00
โ™ซ Superhero, superhero. โ™ซ
428
1140260
2000
โ™ซ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ, ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ. โ™ซ
19:02
โ™ซ Superhero, superhero. โ™ซ
429
1142260
3000
โ™ซ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ, ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ. โ™ซ
19:07
โ™ซ Superhero, superhero. โ™ซ
430
1147260
3000
โ™ซ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ, ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ. โ™ซ
19:10
โ™ซ Superhero, superhero. โ™ซ
431
1150260
2000
โ™ซ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ, ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ. โ™ซ
19:12
โ™ซ Superhero, superhero. โ™ซ
432
1152260
2000
โ™ซ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ, ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ. โ™ซ
19:18
Voice: Because that's what being a superhero is all about.
433
1158260
4000
ืงื•ืœ: ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ.
19:24
RD: "There is only time enough
434
1164260
2000
"ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืžืกืคื™ืง ื–ืžืŸ
19:26
to iron your cape
435
1166260
2000
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื”ืฅ ืืช ื”ื’ืœื™ืžื” ืฉืœืš
19:28
and back to the skies for you."
436
1168260
5000
ื•ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš."
19:33
And remember,
437
1173260
2000
ื•ืชื–ื›ืจื•,
19:35
be nice to nerds.
438
1175260
2000
ืชื”ื™ื• ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื ืœื—ื ื•ื ื™ื.
19:37
(Applause)
439
1177260
15000
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
19:52
Thank you. Thank you.
440
1192260
2000
ืชื•ื“ื”. ืชื•ื“ื”.
19:54
(Applause)
441
1194260
2000
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
19:56
Chris Anderson: Regina, thank you.
442
1196260
2000
ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ืจื’ื™ื ื”, ืชื•ื“ื”.
19:58
I have a couple of questions.
443
1198260
2000
ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉืืœื•ืช.
20:00
So that glider of yours,
444
1200260
2000
ืื– ื”ื“ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš,
20:02
the Mach 20 glider,
445
1202260
2000
ื”ื“ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืก 20 ืžืืš,
20:04
the first one, no control, it ended up in the Pacific I think somewhere.
446
1204260
3000
ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”, ื”ื•ื ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜ ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื—.
20:07
RD: Yeah, yeah. It did. (CA: What happened on that second flight?)
447
1207260
3000
ื›ืŸ, ื›ืŸ. -ืื– ืžื” ืงืจื” ืœื˜ื™ืกื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”?
20:10
Yeah, it also went into the Pacific. (CA: But this time under control?)
448
1210260
4000
ื›ืŸ, ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื˜ืก ืœืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜. -ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืขื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืชื—ืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”?
20:14
We didn't fly it into the Pacific.
449
1214260
3000
ืœื ื”ื˜ืกื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜.
20:17
No, there are multiple portions of the trajectory
450
1217260
3000
ืœื, ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ืœืงื™ื ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ
20:20
that are demanding
451
1220260
2000
ืฉื”ื™ื• ืชื•ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื
20:22
in terms of really flying at that speed.
452
1222260
3000
ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืกื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช.
20:25
And so in the second flight,
453
1225260
3000
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื™ืกื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”,
20:28
we were able to get three minutes
454
1228260
2000
ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช
20:30
of fully aerodynamic control of the vehicle before we lost it.
455
1230260
4000
ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื•ื™ืจื•ื“ื™ื ืืžื™ืช ืžืœืื” ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ื˜ื™ื™ืก ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ืื•ืชื•.
20:34
CA: I imagine you're not planning to open up to passenger service
456
1234260
3000
ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉืืชื ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืงื• ื˜ื™ืกื”
20:37
from New York to Long Beach anytime soon.
457
1237260
2000
ืžื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืœืœื•ื ื’ ื‘ื™ืฅ' ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘.
20:39
RD: It might be a little warm.
458
1239260
3000
ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฆืช ื—ื.
20:42
CA: What do you picture that glider being used for?
459
1242260
3000
ืžื” ืืช ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”?
20:45
RD: Well our responsibility
460
1245260
2000
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
20:47
is to develop the technology for this.
461
1247260
2000
ื”ื™ื ืœืคืชื— ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื”.
20:49
How it's ultimately used
462
1249260
2000
ืื™ืš ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืžื•ืžืฉ
20:51
will be determined by the military.
463
1251260
2000
ื”ืฆื‘ื ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜.
20:53
Now the purpose of the vehicle though,
464
1253260
3000
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื˜ื™ื™ืก ื”ื–ื”,
20:56
the purpose of the technology,
465
1256260
2000
ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
20:58
is to be able to reach anywhere in the world
466
1258260
2000
ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
21:00
in less than 60 minutes.
467
1260260
2000
ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-60 ื“ืงื•ืช.
21:02
CA: And to carry a payload
468
1262260
2000
ื•ืœืกื—ื•ื‘ ืžื˜ืขืŸ
21:04
of more than a few pounds? (RD: Yeah.)
469
1264260
2000
ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืžื” ื’ืจืžื™ื? -ื›ืŸ.
21:06
Like what's the payload it could carry?
470
1266260
4000
ืžื” ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช?
21:10
RD: Well I don't think we ultimately know what it will be, right.
471
1270260
3000
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
21:13
We've got to fly it first.
472
1273260
2000
ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื˜ื™ืก ืืช ื–ื” ืงื•ื“ื.
21:15
CA: But not necessarily just a camera?
473
1275260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืจืง ืžืฆืœืžื”?
21:17
RD: No, not necessarily just a camera.
474
1277260
4000
ืœื, ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžืฆืœืžื”.
21:21
CA: It's amazing.
475
1281260
3000
ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
21:24
The hummingbird?
476
1284260
2000
ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ืœื™ื‘ืจื™?
21:26
RD: Yeah?
477
1286260
2000
ื›ืŸ?
21:28
CA: I'm curious, you started your beautiful sequence on flight
478
1288260
4000
ืื ื™ ืžืกื•ืงืจืŸ, ื”ืชื—ืœืช ืืช ื”ืจืฆืฃ ื”ื™ืคื” ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช
21:32
with a plane kind of trying to flap its wings
479
1292260
2000
ืขื ืžื˜ื•ืก ืžืกื•ื’ ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื ืคื ืฃ ื‘ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื
21:34
and failing horribly,
480
1294260
2000
ื•ื ื›ืฉืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™,
21:36
and there haven't been that many planes built since
481
1296260
3000
ื•ืžืื– ืœื ื‘ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื›ืืœื•
21:39
that flap wings.
482
1299260
2000
ืฉืžื ืคื ืคื™ื ื‘ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื.
21:41
Why did we think that this was the time to go biomimicry
483
1301260
3000
ืœืžื” ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ืžื˜ื™ืงื”
21:44
and copy a hummingbird?
484
1304260
2000
ื•ืœื—ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœื™ื‘ืจื™?
21:46
Isn't that a very expensive solution
485
1306260
2000
ื”ืื ื–ื” ืœื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื™ืงืจ
21:48
for a small maneuverable flying object?
486
1308260
4000
ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆื ืฉืขืฃ ืขื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืชืžืจื•ืŸ?
21:52
RD: So I mean, in part,
487
1312260
2000
ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช, ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื,
21:54
we wondered if it was possible to do it.
488
1314260
2000
ื”ืชืœื‘ื˜ื ื• ื”ืื ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™.
21:56
And you have to revisit these questions
489
1316260
2000
ื•ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ
21:58
over time.
490
1318260
2000
ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ.
22:00
The folks at AeroVironment
491
1320260
2000
ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืž-AeroVironment
22:02
tried 300 or more different wing designs,
492
1322260
3000
ื ื™ืกื• 300 ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื,
22:05
12 different forms of the avionics.
493
1325260
3000
ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ืงื”.
22:08
It took them 10 full prototypes
494
1328260
2000
ื–ื” ืœืงื— ืœื”ื 10 ืื‘ื™-ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืžืœืื™ื
22:10
to get something that would actually fly.
495
1330260
2000
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื•ืฃ.
22:12
But there's something really interesting
496
1332260
3000
ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
22:15
about a flying machine
497
1335260
2000
ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืขืคื”
22:17
that looks like something you'd recognize.
498
1337260
3000
ืฉื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืชื” ืžื›ื™ืจ.
22:20
So we often talk about stealth
499
1340260
2000
ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชื’ื ื‘ื•ืช
22:22
as a means for avoiding any type of sensing,
500
1342260
3000
ื›ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื”ืชื—ืžืง ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืฉืŸ,
22:25
but when things looks just natural,
501
1345260
3000
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืจืื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™,
22:28
you also don't see them.
502
1348260
2000
ืืชื” ื’ื ืœื ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื.
22:30
CA: Ah. So it's not necessarily just the performance.
503
1350260
3000
ืื– ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื.
22:33
It's partly the look. (RD: Sure.)
504
1353260
2000
ื–ื” ื’ื ื”ืžืจืื”. -ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
22:35
It's actually, "Look at that cute hummingbird
505
1355260
2000
ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”, "ืชืจืื” ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœื™ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื—ืžื•ื“ ื”ื–ื”
22:37
flying into my headquarters."
506
1357260
2000
ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื˜ื”."
22:39
(Laughter)
507
1359260
4000
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
22:43
Because I think, as well as the awe of looking at that,
508
1363260
2000
ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื›ืžื• ืฉืœืš ื”ื™ื” ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื–ื”,
22:45
I'm sure some people here are thinking,
509
1365260
2000
ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื’ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
22:47
technology catches up so quick,
510
1367260
2000
ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืชื•ืคืกืช ืžื”ืจ,
22:49
how long is it
511
1369260
2000
ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื”
22:51
before some crazed geek with a little remote control
512
1371260
2000
ืขื“ ืฉื—ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื’ืข ืขื ืฉืœื˜ ืจื—ื•ืง ืงื˜ืŸ
22:53
flies one through a window of the White House?
513
1373260
2000
ื™ื˜ื™ืก ืื—ื“ ื›ื–ื” ืœื—ืœื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ?
22:55
I mean, do you worry about the Pandora's box issue here?
514
1375260
4000
ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื”ืื ืืช ื—ื•ืฉืฉืช ืžืกื•ื’ื™ืช ืงื•ืคืกืช ืคื ื“ื•ืจื” ื›ืืŸ?
22:59
RD: Well look, our singular mission
515
1379260
4000
ืชืจืื”, ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื•
23:03
is the creation and prevention of strategic surprise.
516
1383260
3000
ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืคืชืขื•ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช.
23:06
That's what we do.
517
1386260
2000
ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
23:08
It would be inconceivable
518
1388260
2000
ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืชืคืก
23:10
for us to do that work
519
1390260
3000
ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช
23:13
if we didn't make people excited and uncomfortable with the things that we do
520
1393260
3000
ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืจื’ืฉื™ื ื•ื—ืกืจื™ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื
23:16
at the same time.
521
1396260
2000
ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
23:18
It's just the nature of what we do.
522
1398260
3000
ื–ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
23:21
Now our responsibility
523
1401260
2000
ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
23:23
is to push that edge.
524
1403260
2000
ื”ื™ื ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืงืฆื”.
23:25
And we have to be, of course, mindful and responsible
525
1405260
4000
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ื•ืื—ืจื™ื™ื
23:29
of how the technology is developed
526
1409260
2000
ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ืš ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืชืคืชื—ืช
23:31
and ultimately used,
527
1411260
2000
ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžืžื•ืžืฉืช,
23:33
but we can't simply close our eyes
528
1413260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืขืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื
23:35
and pretend that it isn't advancing; it's advancing.
529
1415260
3000
ื•ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืคื ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžืชืงื“ื; ื–ื” ืžืชืงื“ื.
23:38
CA: I mean, you're clearly a really inspiring leader.
530
1418260
4000
ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ืืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ื”ืฉืจืื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
23:42
And you persuade people
531
1422260
2000
ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื ืขืช ืื ืฉื™ื
23:44
to go to these great feats of invention,
532
1424260
2000
ืœืœื›ืช ืœืžืขืฉื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช,
23:46
but at a personal level,
533
1426260
2000
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช,
23:48
in a way I can't imagine doing your job.
534
1428260
2000
ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœืš.
23:50
Do you wake up in the night sometimes,
535
1430260
2000
ื”ืื ืืช ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืงืžื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื”,
23:52
just asking questions
536
1432260
2000
ืจืง ืฉื•ืืœืช ืฉืืœื•ืช
23:54
about the possibly unintended consequences
537
1434260
2000
ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ื•ืช
23:56
of your team's brilliance?
538
1436260
2000
ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœืš?
23:58
RD: Sure.
539
1438260
2000
ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
24:00
I think you couldn't be human
540
1440260
3000
ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืื ื•ืฉื™
24:03
if you didn't ask those questions.
541
1443260
2000
ืื ืœื ืชืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
24:05
CA: How do you answer them?
542
1445260
2000
ืื™ืš ืืช ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ?
24:07
RD: Well I don't always have answers for them, right.
543
1447260
4000
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืŸ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
24:11
I think that we learn
544
1451260
3000
ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื
24:14
as time goes on.
545
1454260
2000
ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขื•ื‘ืจ.
24:16
My job is one of the most exhilarating jobs you could have.
546
1456260
6000
ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืžืœื”ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ.
24:22
I work with some of the most amazing people.
547
1462260
4000
ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
24:26
And with that exhilaration,
548
1466260
2000
ื•ืขื ื”ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช,
24:28
comes a really deep sense
549
1468260
2000
ื‘ื ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืขืžื•ืง
24:30
of responsibility.
550
1470260
2000
ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช.
24:32
And so you have on the one hand
551
1472260
2000
ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื‘ื™ื“ ืื—ืช
24:34
this tremendous lift
552
1474260
3000
ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืขื™ืœื™ืช
24:37
of what's possible
553
1477260
3000
ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช
24:40
and this tremendous seriousness
554
1480260
3000
ื•ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช ืขื™ืœื™ืช
24:43
of what it means.
555
1483260
2000
ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
24:45
CA: Regina, that was jaw-dropping, as they say.
556
1485260
3000
ืจื’ื™ื ื”, ื–ื” ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืคื™ื•ืช ืคืขื•ืจื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื.
24:48
Thank you so much for coming to TED. (RD: Thank you.)
557
1488260
3000
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืืช ืœ-TED. -ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš.
24:51
(Applause)
558
1491260
4000
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7