Regina Dugan: From mach-20 glider to hummingbird drone

197,311 views ・ 2012-03-27

TED


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譯者: Barry Hu 審譯者: Jefferson Wang
00:15
You should be nice
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你們應該對書獃子們
00:17
to nerds.
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友善一些。
00:19
In fact, I'd go so far as to say,
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事實上,我想說的是
00:21
if you don't already have a nerd in your life,
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如果你還不認識這樣的人,
00:23
you should get one.
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你該想辦法去認識一個。
00:26
I'm just saying.
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我只是說說。
00:28
Scientists and engineers
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科學家和工程師們
00:30
change the world.
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能改變這個世界。
00:33
I'd like to tell you
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我想為各位介紹一個非常神奇的單位,
00:35
about a magical place called DARPA
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它叫做 DARPA (美國國防高等研究計劃署)。
00:38
where scientists and engineers
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在那裡,科學家和工程師們
00:40
defy the impossible
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挑戰那些「不可能」
00:42
and refuse to fear failure.
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並且拒絕害怕「失敗」。
00:45
Now these two ideas
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這兩個概念的關連性
00:47
are connected more than you may realize,
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遠比你所想的還要大,
00:50
because when you remove the fear of failure,
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因為當你不再害怕失敗的時候,
00:54
impossible things
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那些不可能的事情
00:56
suddenly become possible.
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突然就變得有可能了。
01:00
If you want to know how,
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假如你想這怎麼可能
01:02
ask yourself this question:
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那麼問自己這個問題:
01:05
What would you attempt to do
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如果你知道你不可能會失敗,
01:07
if you knew you could not fail?
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你會嘗試去做什麼?
01:10
If you really ask yourself
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如果你認真的
01:12
this question,
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問自己這個問題,
01:14
you can't help but feel uncomfortable.
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你一定會覺得很不自在
01:17
I feel a little uncomfortable.
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我就覺得有點不很自在。
01:20
Because when you ask it,
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因為當你問了這個問題,
01:22
you begin to understand
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你就開始了解到
01:24
how the fear of failure constrains you,
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「害怕失敗」像個緊箍咒緊緊束縛我們,
01:27
how it keeps us
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我們因為害怕失敗
01:29
from attempting great things,
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不敢去追求美好的事情,
01:32
and life gets dull,
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而生命從此無趣,
01:35
amazing things stop happening.
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不再有美妙的事情發生。
01:38
Sure, good things happen,
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當然,好事總會有,
01:40
but amazing things
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但好的不得了的事
01:42
stop happening.
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卻不再發生。
01:44
Now I should be clear,
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讓我說得更清楚些,
01:47
I'm not encouraging failure,
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我並不鼓勵失敗,
01:50
I'm discouraging
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而是不鼓勵
01:52
fear of failure.
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對失敗的恐懼、害怕。
01:55
Because it's not failure itself
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因為失敗本身
01:57
that constrains us.
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不會束縛我們。
01:59
The path to truly new,
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在達成真正創新、
02:01
never-been-done-before things
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從未有人做過的事情的路途上,
02:03
always has failure along the way.
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總要經歷無數次的失敗。
02:06
We're tested.
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這是一種考驗。
02:08
And in part, that testing feels an appropriate part
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且在某種程度上來說,這種考驗
02:12
of achieving something great.
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可以說是要獲得成功的旅途中的一部份。
02:15
Clemenceau said,
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克來門梭 (Clemenceau) 曾說:
02:17
"Life gets interesting when we fail,
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「失敗讓生命變得有趣,
02:20
because it's a sign
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因為這代表
02:22
that we've surpassed ourselves."
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我們已超越自我。」
02:25
In 1895,
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1895年,
02:27
Lord Kelvin declared
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凱爾文爵士 (Lord Kelvin) 宣稱
02:29
that heavier-than-air flying machines
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比空氣重的飛行器
02:31
were impossible.
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是不可能存在的。
02:33
In October of 1903,
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在1903 年10月,
02:35
the prevailing opinion
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空氣動力學的專家們
02:37
of expert aerodynamicists
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都認為
02:40
was that maybe in 10 million years
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也許在 1 千萬年後
02:42
we could build an aircraft that would fly.
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人類才可能做出真正可以飛的飛行器。
02:45
And two months later on December 17th,
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但在 2 個月後的 12 月 17 日,
02:48
Orville Wright powered the first airplane
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歐維爾‧萊特 (Orville Wright) 駕駛第一架飛機
02:51
across a beach in North Carolina.
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飛越北卡羅來那州 (North Carolina) 的一個海灘。
02:54
The flight lasted 12 seconds
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那趟航程只維持了12 秒,
02:57
and covered 120 feet.
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總里程 120 英尺。
03:00
That was 1903.
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當時是 1903 年。
03:02
One year later,
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一年後,
03:04
the next declarations of impossibilities began.
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人們又點名了一堆不可能的事。
03:07
Ferdinand Foch, a French army general
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佛迪南‧佛許 (Ferdinand Foch),一名在法國軍中
03:10
credited with having one of the most original and subtle minds
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被大家譽為軍中最有創意
03:14
in the French army,
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且思考細膩的法國將軍,
03:16
said, "Airplanes are interesting toys,
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他說:「飛機是很有趣的玩具,
03:19
but of no military value."
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但沒有軍事價值。」
03:23
40 years later,
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40 年後,
03:25
aero experts coined the term transonic.
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飛航專家創造了「跨音速」 (transonic) 一詞。
03:28
They debated, should it have one S or two?
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他們還爭論,這個詞該有一個 s 還是兩個 s ?
03:33
You see, they were having trouble in this flight regime,
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當時飛行界
03:36
and it wasn't at all clear
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對超音速飛行可不可能
03:38
that we could fly faster than the speed of sound.
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一點把握都沒有
03:42
In 1947,
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1947 年
03:44
there was no wind tunnel data
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所有在風洞的實驗
03:46
beyond Mach 0.85.
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從未超過 0.85 馬赫 (音速的 0.85 倍)
03:51
And yet,
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然而
03:53
on Tuesday, October 14th, 1947,
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1947 年 10 月 14 日,星期二
03:58
Chuck Yeager climbed into the cockpit
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巧克‧葉格 (Chuck Yeager) 登上
04:01
of his Bell X-1
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一架貝爾 X-1 (Bell X-1) 型飛機的駕駛艙,
04:03
and he flew
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他飛向「可能」,
04:05
towards an unknown possibility,
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一個從未發生過的「可能」,
04:09
and in so doing,
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而這次飛行任務
04:11
he became the first pilot
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讓他成為歷史上
04:13
to fly faster than the speed of sound.
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第一個以超音速飛行的人。
04:22
Six of eight Atlas rockets
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雅特拉司火箭 (Atlas rockets),在發射的 8 枚中
04:24
blew up on the pad.
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6 枚在發射台就炸毀了。
04:26
After 11 complete mission failures,
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11 次完全失敗的任務之後
04:28
we got our first images from space.
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我們終於成功的自太空,地球的空拍圖。
04:30
And on that first flight
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在那第一次的成功任務中
04:32
we got more data
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所獲得的資料
04:34
than in all U-2 missions combined.
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比所有 U-2 偵察機任務所得資料總和還多。
04:39
It took a lot of failures
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經過許多的失敗
04:41
to get there.
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才得成功。
04:43
Since we took to the sky,
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自人類飛上天空以來,
04:45
we have wanted to fly
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我們一直都想
04:47
faster and farther.
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要飛得更快、飛得更遠。
04:50
And to do so,
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要做到,
04:52
we've had to believe in impossible things.
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我們就得相信沒什麼是不可能的。
04:55
And we've had to refuse
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我們也必須拒斥
04:57
to fear failure.
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「害怕失敗」這件事。
05:00
That's still true today.
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這一點至今亦然。
05:03
Today, we don't talk about flying transonically,
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今天,我們已經不談跨入音速飛行
05:07
or even supersonically,
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或超音速飛行
05:10
we talk about flying hypersonically --
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我們談「超高音速」飛行
05:13
not Mach 2 or Mach 3, Mach 20.
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不是 2 馬赫、3 馬赫,而是 20 馬赫。
05:17
At Mach 20,
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20 馬赫
05:19
we can fly from New York to Long Beach
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從紐約 (New York) 飛到長灘 (Long Beach)
05:21
in 11 minutes and 20 seconds.
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只要 11 分鐘 20 秒。
05:24
At that speed,
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這種速度下
05:26
the surface of the airfoil
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機翼表面的溫度
05:28
is the temperature of molten steel --
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可以融化鋼鐵 --
05:30
3,500 degrees Fahrenheit --
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華氏 3500 度 (攝氏 1927 度) --
05:33
like a blast furnace.
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跟煉鋼鼓風爐內的溫度一樣。
05:35
We are essentially burning the airfoil
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我們根本就是在一邊飛
05:38
as we fly it.
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一邊焚燒著機翼。
05:40
And we are flying it,
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但我們就是要飛這麼快
05:42
or trying to.
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或者試著要要飛這麼快。
05:44
DARPA's hypersonic test vehicle
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DARPA 的超高音速測試機
05:47
is the fastest maneuvering aircraft
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是有史以來建造可操控型飛機
05:49
ever built.
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最快的。
05:51
It's boosted to near-space
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架設在一枚 彌樂陀 4 號火箭 (Minotaur IV) 上
05:54
atop a Minotaur IV rocket.
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推進到近太空。
05:56
Now the Minotaur IV has too much impulse,
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因為彌樂陀 4 號火箭 (Minotaur IV) 推進力太大
05:58
so we have to bleed it off
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我們必須耗掉一些推進力,
06:00
by flying the rocket
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所以火箭升空後
06:02
at an 89 degree angle of attack
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有一部份的飛行軌道
06:04
for portions of the trajectory.
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必須呈 89 度角。
06:07
That's an unnatural act
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對火箭來說
06:09
for a rocket.
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這是個不自然的角度。
06:11
The third stage has a camera.
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火箭的第三節配有攝影機。
06:14
We call it rocketcam.
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「火箭上攝影機」
06:16
And it's pointed
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攝影機對著
06:18
at the hypersonic glider.
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超高音速滑翔器。
06:21
This is the actual rocketcam footage
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這是第一次試飛時
06:24
from flight one.
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火箭上攝影機實際拍到的影片。
06:26
Now to conceal the shape, we changed the aspect ratio a little bit.
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影片裡的飛行器長寬比例修改過以隱藏真正形狀。
06:29
But this is what it looks like
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但這是自
06:32
from the third stage of the rocket
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第三節火箭上
06:34
looking at the unmanned glider
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看到的無人駕駛滑翔器
06:36
as it heads into the atmosphere
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飛進大氣層
06:39
back towards Earth.
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重返地球的影象。
06:41
We've flown twice.
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我們試飛了兩次。
06:43
In the first flight,
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第一次飛行
06:45
no aerodynamic control of the vehicle.
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滑翔器不受控制,自由滑行。
06:48
But we collected more hypersonic flight data
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但我們依舊蒐集了很多超高音速飛行資料,
06:51
than in 30 years
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遠多於 30 年來
06:53
of ground-based testing combined.
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在地面測試所得資料的總量。
06:56
And in the second flight,
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第二次試飛時
06:59
three minutes of fully-controlled,
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有三分鐘完全受到我們控制,
07:02
aerodynamic flight
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在 20 馬赫高速下
07:04
at Mach 20.
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受空氣動力控制的飛行。
07:06
We must fly again,
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我們一定還要再次飛行,
07:08
because amazing, never-been-done-before things
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因為,要達成神奇又前所未有的事
07:12
require that you fly.
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你就得再次飛行。
07:15
You can't learn to fly at Mach 20
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要學怎麼在 20 馬赫高速下飛行
07:18
unless you fly.
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你就得實際以 20 馬赫飛行。
07:21
And while there's no substitute for speed,
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固然速度無可取代,
07:24
maneuverability is a very close second.
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而操控性的重要性僅次於速度。
07:28
If a Mach 20 glider takes 11 minutes and 20 seconds
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在 20 馬赫下 要 11 分 20 秒
07:31
to get from New York to Long Beach,
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才能從紐約飛到長灘,
07:33
a hummingbird would take,
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一隻蜂鳥要飛上
07:35
well, days.
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嗯... 好幾天才飛的到。
07:38
You see, hummingbirds are not hypersonic,
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當然,蜂鳥不能以超高音速飛行,
07:40
but they are maneuverable.
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但他們的操控性很高。
07:43
In fact, the hummingbird is the only bird
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事實上,蜂鳥是唯一能
07:46
that can fly backwards.
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倒退飛的鳥。
07:48
It can fly up, down,
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牠能直上 也能直下,
07:50
forwards, backwards,
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能向前 也能倒退,
07:52
even upside-down.
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甚至上下翻轉飛行也可以。
07:55
And so if we wanted to fly in this room
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所以如果我們要在這個廳內
07:58
or places where humans can't go,
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或是人類不能涉足的地方飛行,
08:00
we'd need an aircraft
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我們就需要
08:02
small enough and maneuverable enough
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夠小又好操控的飛行器
08:05
to do so.
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才做得到。
08:07
This is a hummingbird drone.
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這是個蜂鳥飛行器。
08:10
It can fly in all directions,
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它可以以任意方向飛行,
08:12
even backwards.
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甚至倒退飛。
08:14
It can hover and rotate.
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既可盤旋也可旋轉。
08:17
This prototype aircraft
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這架原型機
08:19
is equipped with a video camera.
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配有攝影機。
08:22
It weighs less than one AA battery.
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總重比一個 3 號 (AA) 電池還輕。
08:26
It does not eat nectar.
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這玩意不吃花蜜。
08:29
In 2008,
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在 2008 年
08:31
it flew for a whopping 20 seconds,
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它飛了整整 20 秒。
08:34
a year later, two minutes,
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1 年後,2 分鐘
08:36
then six,
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然後,6 分鐘
08:38
eventually 11.
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最後,11 分鐘。
08:40
Many prototypes crashed -- many.
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許多原型墜毀了-- 許多。
08:44
But there's no way
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但我們無法學
08:46
to learn to fly like a hummingbird
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像蜂鳥一樣飛,
08:48
unless you fly.
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除非你實際去飛。
08:56
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
09:04
It's beautiful, isn't it.
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真美,不是嗎?
09:08
Wow.
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哇!
09:10
It's great.
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真棒。
09:15
Matt is the first ever hummingbird pilot.
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麥特 (Matt) 是史上第一位蜂鳥飛行員。
09:18
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
09:25
Failure is part of creating
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創造新的、美妙的東西
09:28
new and amazing things.
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一定會經歷失敗。
09:30
We cannot both fear failure
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我們不可能一邊害怕失敗
09:33
and make amazing new things --
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一邊還能做出美妙的新事物 --
09:37
like a robot
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像這個機器人
09:39
with the stability of a dog on rough terrain,
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能像狗一般在崎嶇地面上自由行動,
09:42
or maybe even ice;
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冰地上也不是問題;
09:44
a robot that can run like a cheetah,
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一個跑得像獵豹的機器人
09:46
or climb stairs like a human
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或是像人一樣能爬樓梯的機器人
09:49
with the occasional clumsiness of a human.
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有時也會像人一樣笨拙蹣跚。
09:54
Or perhaps, Spider Man
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也許,哪天蜘蛛人
09:57
will one day be Gecko Man.
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會被壁虎人取代。
10:00
A gecko can support
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壁虎
10:02
its entire body weight
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只靠一隻腳趾
10:04
with one toe.
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就可以支撐全身重量。
10:06
One square millimeter of a gecko's footpad
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壁虎腳底,每一平方厘米 (cm^2)
10:09
has 14,000 hair-like structures
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有 14,000 個像毛髮的結構
10:12
called setae.
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叫 「硬纖毛」
10:14
They are used to help it grip to surfaces
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壁虎靠他們抓住物體表面,
10:17
using intermolecular forces.
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靠的是「分子間作用力」。
10:20
Today we can manufacture structures
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如今我們已經可以製造這種結構了,
10:23
that mimic the hairs of a gecko's foot.
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模仿壁虎腳上的纖毛。
10:26
The result,
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結果是,
10:28
a four-by-four-inch
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一塊 4 吋見方 (4x4 inch) 的
10:30
artificial nano-gecko adhesive.
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人造毫米壁虎膠,
10:34
can support a static load
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可以支撐
10:36
of 660 pounds.
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300 公斤 (660磅) 靜態重量。
10:38
That's enough to stick
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足以把 6 個 42 吋的電漿電視
10:40
six 42-inch plasma TV's to your wall,
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掛在牆上,
10:43
no nails.
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不用釘子。
10:45
So much for Velcro, right?
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誰還用魔鬼沾呀,不是嗎?
10:48
And it's not just passive structures,
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不只是被動結構而已,
10:51
it's entire machines.
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還可以製造一整個微型機器。
10:54
This is a spider mite.
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這是蜘蛛塵蟎。
10:56
It's one millimeter long,
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身長只有一釐米,
10:58
but it looks like Godzilla
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但在這些微型機器旁
11:00
next to these micromachines.
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看來就像酷斯拉一樣巨大。
11:03
In the world of Godzilla spider mites,
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在這種巨大的蜘蛛塵蟎世界裡
11:06
we can make millions of mirrors,
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我們可以製造百萬個鏡片,
11:09
each one-fifth the diameter
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每個鏡片直徑
11:11
of a human hair,
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只有人類頭髮直徑的 1/5,
11:13
moving at hundreds of thousands of times per second
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這些鏡片每秒可開關數十萬次
11:16
to make large screen displays,
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可以用來製造大電視螢幕,
11:19
so that we can watch movies like "Godzilla"
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讓我們可以用它們來看
11:21
in high-def.
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高解析度的酷斯拉電影。
11:24
And if we can build machines
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假如我們可以製造
11:26
at that scale,
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這麼微型的機器
11:28
what about Eiffel Tower-like trusses
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那能不能建構出 微型桁架
11:31
at the microscale?
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結構像艾非爾鐵塔一樣?
11:33
Today we are making metals
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我們現在已經能生產
11:36
that are lighter than Styrofoam,
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比保力龍還輕的金屬,
11:38
so light
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輕到
11:40
they can sit atop a dandelion puff
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可以放在蒲公英花上,
11:42
and be blown away
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一點微風
11:44
with a wisp of air --
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就可以吹走它 --
11:46
so light
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輕到
11:48
that you can make a car that two people can lift,
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你用這些金屬可以造出兩個人就可以搬動的車子,
11:51
but so strong
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但結構堅硬
11:53
that it has the crash-worthiness of an SUV.
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像休旅車一樣耐撞。
11:56
From the smallest wisp of air
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從輕輕一口氣
11:59
to the powerful forces of nature's storms.
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到自然界強烈的暴風。
12:02
There are 44 lightning strikes per second
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每秒有 44 次閃電
12:05
around the globe.
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發生在整個地球上。
12:07
Each lightning bolt heats the air
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每道閃電可以把周邊的空氣
12:10
to 44,000 degrees Fahrenheit --
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燃燒到華氏 44,000 度 (攝氏 24427 度) 高溫 --
12:12
hotter than the surface of the Sun.
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比太陽表面還熱。
12:15
What if we could use
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假如我們可以運用
12:17
these electromagnetic pulses
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這些電磁脈衝
12:19
as beacons,
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當作一種導引訊號,
12:21
beacons in a moving network
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在一個一直移動的
12:24
of powerful transmitters?
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強力發射器網路中的導引訊號呢?
12:27
Experiments suggest
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種種實驗顯示出
12:29
that lightning could be the next GPS.
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閃電有可能成為下一代的衛星導航系統 (GPS)。
12:34
Electrical pulses form the thoughts in our brains.
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我們腦袋中的不斷流動的電流反映人類的思考。
12:37
Using a grid the size of your thumb,
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在拇指般大的電網
12:40
with 32 electrodes
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配上 32 個電極
12:42
on the surface of his brain,
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連結到他的大腦表面,
12:44
Tim uses his thoughts
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提姆 (Tim) 用想法
12:46
to control an advanced prosthetic arm.
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控制一個精密的人造手臂。
12:52
And his thoughts
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他用思考
12:54
made him reach for Katie.
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指揮手臂去觸碰凱蒂。
12:56
This is the first time
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這是第一次
13:00
a human has controlled a robot
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有人能只用思考
13:02
with thought alone.
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來控制一個機器裝置。
13:05
And it is the first time
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這是第一次
13:07
that Tim has held Katie's hand
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七年來提姆 (Tim) 第一次
13:09
in seven years.
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牽起凱蒂 (Katie) 的手。
13:11
That moment mattered
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這一刻對提姆 (Tim) 和凱蒂 (Katie)
13:13
to Tim and Katie,
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非常珍貴,
13:15
and this green goo
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接下來的綠色膏狀物
13:17
may someday matter to you.
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有一天也可能變得很珍貴。
13:20
This green goo
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這個綠綠的膏
13:22
is perhaps the vaccine that could save your life.
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將來有可能被製成救命的疫苗。
13:25
It was made in tobacco plants.
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這是在煙草上做出來的。
13:28
Tobacco plants
299
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煙草
13:30
can make millions of doses of vaccine
300
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可以用來生產數以百萬計的疫苗,
13:33
in weeks instead of months,
301
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這只要幾個星期而不是幾個月,
13:36
and it might just be
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而這可能是煙草
13:38
the first healthy use of tobacco ever.
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第一次用在有益健康的用途上。
13:42
And if it seems far-fetched
304
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如果你很難接受
13:44
that tobacco plants could make people healthy,
305
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煙草可以有益人類健康 這件事,
13:47
what about gamers that could solve problems
306
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那麼來看看遊戲玩家
13:50
that experts can't solve?
307
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解決專家們解決不了的問題吧。
13:52
Last September,
308
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去年九月
13:54
the gamers of Foldit
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玩佛地特 (Foldit) 遊戲的玩家們
13:56
solved the three-dimensional structure
310
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解開了一個反轉錄病毒蛋白的
13:58
of the retroviral protease
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3D 立體結構,
14:00
that contributes to AIDS in rhesus monkeys.
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這個病毒是造成彌猴染上愛滋病的原因。
14:03
Now understanding this structure
313
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要開發治療法必須
14:05
is very important for developing treatments.
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對了這個病毒的結構有完整的了解。
14:09
For 15 years,
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15 年來
14:11
it was unsolved
316
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科學家們
14:13
in the scientific community.
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一直都解不出這些病毒的結構。
14:15
The gamers of Foldit
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佛地特 (Foldit) 的玩家們
14:17
solved it in 15 days.
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只花 15 天就解開了。
14:20
Now they were able to do so
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他們的成功
14:22
by working together.
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來自他們通力合作。
14:24
They were able to work together
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他們能合作,
14:26
because they're connected by the Internet.
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因為他們在網際網路上連在一起。
14:28
And others, also connected to the Internet,
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其他連結在網際網路上的人
14:31
used it as an instrument of democracy.
325
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讓網際網路成為民主的工具。
14:35
And together
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他們的合作
14:37
they changed the fate of their nation.
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改變了他們國家的命運。
14:40
The Internet is home to two billion people,
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網際網路連結了 20 億人口,
14:43
or 30 percent of the world's population.
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是全世界人口的 30%。
14:46
It allows us to contribute
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網路讓我們
14:49
and to be heard
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可以以個人身份發聲
14:51
as individuals.
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並讓別人聽到我們的聲音。
14:53
It allows us to amplify
333
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網路讓我們可以結合為群體,
14:56
our voices and our power
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放大我們的聲音
14:59
as a group.
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以及我們的力量。
15:01
But it too had humble beginnings.
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但網路一開始也沒這麼聲勢浩大。
15:04
In 1969, the internet was but a dream,
337
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1969 年時,網際網路還只是個夢,
15:07
a few sketches on a piece of paper.
338
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在一張紙上的簡單草圖。
15:09
And then on October 29th,
339
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該年的 10 月 29 日
15:12
the first packet-switched message was sent
340
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第一次以封包交換方式傳送訊息,
15:14
from UCLA to SRI.
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從 UCLA 傳送到 SRI。
15:17
The first two letters of the word "Login,"
342
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傳了 "Login" (登入) 這個字,
15:20
that's all that made it through --
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只有頭兩個字母傳送成功 --
15:22
an L and an O --
344
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L 和 O --
15:24
and then a buffer overflow crashed the system.
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然後系統就因緩衝區溢位而當機了。
15:26
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
15:29
Two letters,
347
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兩個字母,
15:31
an L and an O,
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L 和 O,
15:34
now a worldwide force.
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現在卻成了全世界的一鼓力量。
15:38
So who are these scientists and engineers
350
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到底那些在 DARPA 這個神奇的地方工作的
15:41
at a magical place called DARPA?
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科學家和工程師是什麼人?
15:44
They are nerds,
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他們都是書獃子,
15:47
and they are heroes among us.
353
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但他們也是我們當中的英雄。
15:50
They challenge existing perspectives
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他們研究最尖端的科學,
15:52
at the edges of science
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在最艱苦的情況下
15:54
and under the most demanding of conditions.
356
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挑戰大家的想法。
15:58
They remind us
357
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他們提醒我們
16:00
that we can change the world
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我們可以改變世界,
16:02
if we defy the impossible
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只要我們不對不可能低頭
16:04
and we refuse to fear failure.
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並且拒絕害怕失敗。
16:08
They remind us
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他們提醒我們
16:10
that we all have nerd power.
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我們都有這種書獃子的能力。
16:13
Sometimes we just forget.
363
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有的時候我們只是忘掉了。
16:17
You see, there was a time
364
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曾經,
16:19
when you weren't afraid of failure,
365
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你也不怕失敗,
16:21
when you were a great artist or a great dancer
366
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你是個偉大的藝術家、偉大的舞者,
16:24
and you could sing, you were good at math,
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你會唱歌、你擅長數學,
16:26
you could build things, you were an astronaut,
368
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你會蓋東西、你是個太空人,
16:29
an adventurer, Jacques Cousteau,
369
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你是冒險家、你是賈克‧庫斯媮 (Jacques Cousteau, 名探險家),
16:31
you could jump higher, run faster,
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你比任何人跳得都高、跑得更快、
16:33
kick harder than anyone.
371
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踢得更有力。
16:36
You believed in impossible things
372
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你相信沒有不可能的事情
16:38
and you were fearless.
373
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而且你什麼都不怕。
16:40
You were totally and completely in touch
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你完完全全與
16:44
with your inner superhero.
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你的內在英雄接軌。
16:48
Scientists and engineers
376
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科學家和工程師
16:51
can indeed change the world.
377
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的確能改變世界。
16:54
So can you.
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你也可以。
16:56
You were born to.
379
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你天生就是來改變世界的。
16:58
So go ahead,
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所以儘管去
17:00
ask yourself,
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問自己,
17:02
what would you attempt to do
382
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假如你知道自己不會失敗
17:05
if you knew you could not fail?
383
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你要做什麼?
17:07
Now I want to say,
384
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我現在想說,
17:09
this is not easy.
385
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這不容易。
17:12
It's hard to hold onto this feeling,
386
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很難保持這種感覺,
17:14
really hard.
387
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真的很難。
17:16
I guess in some way,
388
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我想某個方面來說,
17:18
I sort of believe it's supposed to be hard.
389
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我有些相信這本來就應該要很難。
17:20
Doubt and fear always creep in.
390
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懷疑和畏懼總是會找上門來。
17:23
We think someone else, someone smarter than us,
391
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我們總想著有人,比我更聰明的人、
17:26
someone more capable,
392
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能力更強的人、
17:28
someone with more resources will solve that problem.
393
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有更多資源的人會去解決這些問題。
17:31
But there isn't anyone else;
394
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但沒別人呀,
17:33
there's just you.
395
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就只有你自己。
17:36
And if we're lucky,
396
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如果我們運氣好,
17:38
in that moment,
397
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就在那時
17:40
someone steps into that doubt and fear,
398
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會有人走進你的懷疑和恐懼,
17:43
takes a hand and says,
399
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牽起你的手
17:46
"Let me help you believe."
400
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說:「讓我幫你恢復信心、重新相信自己」
17:49
Jason Harley did that for me.
401
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傑森‧哈雷 (Jason Harley) 為我做到了。
17:52
Jason started at DARPA
402
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傑森 (Jason) 在 2010 年 3 月 18 日
17:55
on March 18th, 2010.
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開始在 DARPA 服務。
17:57
He was with our transportation team.
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他隸屬我們的運輸團隊。
18:01
I saw Jason nearly every day,
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我每天都見到傑森 (Jason),
18:03
sometimes twice a day.
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有時一天碰到兩次。
18:05
And more so than most,
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他比其他人敏感,
18:07
he saw the highs and the lows,
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總會留心局裡那些高潮、低潮,
18:10
the celebrations and the disappointments.
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那些歡慶、失望挫折。
18:14
And on one particularly dark day for me,
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有一天,我特別不好過,諸事不順,
18:18
Jason sat down
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傑森坐下來
18:20
and he wrote an email.
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寫了封電子郵件給我。
18:23
He was encouraging,
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他語句中帶著鼓勵
18:25
but firm.
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卻也十分堅定。
18:27
And when he hit send,
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當他送出這封信時,
18:29
he probably didn't realize what a difference it would make.
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可能還不太清楚這封信影響多大。
18:32
It mattered to me.
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這封信對我非常重要。
18:34
In that moment
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收信當下如此、
18:36
and still today
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今日亦然,
18:39
when I doubt,
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每當我有了疑慮、
18:41
when I feel afraid,
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當我感到畏懼、
18:44
when I need to reconnect
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當我需要再找回
18:46
with that feeling,
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挑戰一切、無懼失敗感覺時,
18:48
I remember his words,
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我記得他的話,
18:51
they were so powerful.
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它們是如此強而有力。
18:53
Text: "There is only time enough to iron your cape
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「時間不多,趕緊燙平你的披風 ...
18:56
and back to the skies for you."
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再飛回天上。」
19:00
♫ Superhero, superhero. ♫
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♫ 超級英雄,超級英雄 ♫
19:02
♫ Superhero, superhero. ♫
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♫ 超級英雄,超級英雄 ♫
19:07
♫ Superhero, superhero. ♫
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♫ 超級英雄,超級英雄 ♫
19:10
♫ Superhero, superhero. ♫
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♫ 超級英雄,超級英雄 ♫
19:12
♫ Superhero, superhero. ♫
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♫ 超級英雄,超級英雄 ♫
19:18
Voice: Because that's what being a superhero is all about.
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配音:「做個超級英雄就是這麼回事」
19:24
RD: "There is only time enough
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Regina Dugan:「時間不多,
19:26
to iron your cape
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趕緊熨平你的披風
19:28
and back to the skies for you."
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再飛回天上。」
19:33
And remember,
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要記得,
19:35
be nice to nerds.
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對書獃子們好些。
19:37
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
19:52
Thank you. Thank you.
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謝謝,謝謝。
19:54
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
19:56
Chris Anderson: Regina, thank you.
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Chris Anderson:蕾金娜 (Regina),謝謝你。
19:58
I have a couple of questions.
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我想問幾個問題。
20:00
So that glider of yours,
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那個超高速滑翔器,
20:02
the Mach 20 glider,
445
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可以飛 20 馬赫那個
20:04
the first one, no control, it ended up in the Pacific I think somewhere.
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第一個,自由滑行那個,應該是掉在太平洋了吧?
20:07
RD: Yeah, yeah. It did. (CA: What happened on that second flight?)
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RD:對,對,是的。 CA:那第二個呢?
20:10
Yeah, it also went into the Pacific. (CA: But this time under control?)
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RD:第二個也掉入太平洋了。 CA:但這次是受控制飛進太平洋的?
20:14
We didn't fly it into the Pacific.
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我們不是故意讓他飛進太平洋。
20:17
No, there are multiple portions of the trajectory
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整個飛行航線有好幾部分
20:20
that are demanding
451
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非常困難
20:22
in terms of really flying at that speed.
452
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以那個飛行速度來說。
20:25
And so in the second flight,
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所以在第二次試飛時
20:28
we were able to get three minutes
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我們在墜毀前只有三分鐘
20:30
of fully aerodynamic control of the vehicle before we lost it.
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能完全控制,利用空氣動力方式飛行。
20:34
CA: I imagine you're not planning to open up to passenger service
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CA:我猜你沒計畫短期內開放
20:37
from New York to Long Beach anytime soon.
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從紐約直飛長灘的載客航線吧?
20:39
RD: It might be a little warm.
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RD:乘客可能會覺得太暖了些。
20:42
CA: What do you picture that glider being used for?
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CA:你認為這滑翔器將用於什麼用途?
20:45
RD: Well our responsibility
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RD:我們的責任是
20:47
is to develop the technology for this.
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開發出能超高速飛行的科技。
20:49
How it's ultimately used
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最後要怎麼用
20:51
will be determined by the military.
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是由軍方決定。
20:53
Now the purpose of the vehicle though,
464
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但設計這個飛行器,
20:56
the purpose of the technology,
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這科技的目的
20:58
is to be able to reach anywhere in the world
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是在能於 60 分鐘內飛到
21:00
in less than 60 minutes.
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地球的任何一個角落。
21:02
CA: And to carry a payload
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CA:而且載重荷量
21:04
of more than a few pounds? (RD: Yeah.)
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不輕吧? RD:是。
21:06
Like what's the payload it could carry?
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CA:實際載重荷量多少呢?
21:10
RD: Well I don't think we ultimately know what it will be, right.
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RD:我不知道最後載重狀況如何。
21:13
We've got to fly it first.
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我們得先能飛才是。
21:15
CA: But not necessarily just a camera?
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CA:但不僅僅是個攝影機吧?
21:17
RD: No, not necessarily just a camera.
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RD:不,當然不必然只是個攝影機。
21:21
CA: It's amazing.
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CA:真是太棒了。
21:24
The hummingbird?
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對了,那個蜂鳥?
21:26
RD: Yeah?
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RD:怎麼樣?
21:28
CA: I'm curious, you started your beautiful sequence on flight
478
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CA:我很好奇。
21:32
with a plane kind of trying to flap its wings
479
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這麼個拼命拍翅膀的飛行器
21:34
and failing horribly,
480
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有這麼驚人的失敗記錄,
21:36
and there haven't been that many planes built since
481
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自發展飛機初期僅見的拍翅膀飛機後
21:39
that flap wings.
482
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就不曾製造幾個這種類型的飛機。
21:41
Why did we think that this was the time to go biomimicry
483
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為什麼會認為這時會是發展模仿動物
21:44
and copy a hummingbird?
484
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抄襲蜂鳥飛行的飛行器?
21:46
Isn't that a very expensive solution
485
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這不是有些貴過頭了,
21:48
for a small maneuverable flying object?
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只為要生產一個小小的可操控的飛行器?
21:52
RD: So I mean, in part,
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RD:我分享這件事,部分也因為
21:54
we wondered if it was possible to do it.
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我們很好奇這是不是可能的。
21:56
And you have to revisit these questions
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而且過去的失敗,在經過一段時間後
21:58
over time.
490
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其實也很值得再一次探討。
22:00
The folks at AeroVironment
491
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空環 (AeroVironment) 公司
22:02
tried 300 or more different wing designs,
492
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設計了不只 300 種不同的翅膀、
22:05
12 different forms of the avionics.
493
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12 種不同的飛行操控裝置。
22:08
It took them 10 full prototypes
494
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他們一直做到第 10 個原型機
22:10
to get something that would actually fly.
495
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才做出個真的可以飛的東西。
22:12
But there's something really interesting
496
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其實在飛這些看來
22:15
about a flying machine
497
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很熟悉的東西時
22:17
that looks like something you'd recognize.
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是很有趣的。
22:20
So we often talk about stealth
499
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我們不是經常說
22:22
as a means for avoiding any type of sensing,
500
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要製造怎麼都偵測不到的隱形飛機嗎?
22:25
but when things looks just natural,
501
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只要看起來像自然事物,
22:28
you also don't see them.
502
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你就視而不見了。
22:30
CA: Ah. So it's not necessarily just the performance.
503
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CA:原來不只是操控及性能
22:33
It's partly the look. (RD: Sure.)
504
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部分也是為了外表。 RD:對。
22:35
It's actually, "Look at that cute hummingbird
505
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反應變成:「看啊,有個好可愛的蜂鳥
22:37
flying into my headquarters."
506
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飛進我們總部。」
22:39
(Laughter)
507
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(笑聲)
22:43
Because I think, as well as the awe of looking at that,
508
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因為儘管這看來讓人佩服,我想
22:45
I'm sure some people here are thinking,
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我相信在場有人會想
22:47
technology catches up so quick,
510
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科技進步這麼快,
22:49
how long is it
511
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要多久
22:51
before some crazed geek with a little remote control
512
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才會看到些科技怪咖用個小小的遙控
22:53
flies one through a window of the White House?
513
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控制個這樣的飛行器從個窗口飛進白宮?
22:55
I mean, do you worry about the Pandora's box issue here?
514
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我是說,你不擔心有「潘朵拉盒子」的問題嗎?
22:59
RD: Well look, our singular mission
515
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RD:嗯,我們的單一任務
23:03
is the creation and prevention of strategic surprise.
516
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是在製造及防範在戰略上的意外。
23:06
That's what we do.
517
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這是我們的任務。
23:08
It would be inconceivable
518
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我們都知道
23:10
for us to do that work
519
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這樣的工作性質
23:13
if we didn't make people excited and uncomfortable with the things that we do
520
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會讓人們既驚喜又擔心,
23:16
at the same time.
521
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喜憂參半。
23:18
It's just the nature of what we do.
522
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我們的工作本質就是這樣。
23:21
Now our responsibility
523
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我們的責任
23:23
is to push that edge.
524
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是盡力發展最尖端科技。
23:25
And we have to be, of course, mindful and responsible
525
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當然,我們也該明白
23:29
of how the technology is developed
526
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也該對我們發展的科技的過程
23:31
and ultimately used,
527
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及最終使用方式負責任,
23:33
but we can't simply close our eyes
528
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但我們無法閉起眼睛,假裝我們沒看到
23:35
and pretend that it isn't advancing; it's advancing.
529
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科技的進步 - 科技每天都在進步。
23:38
CA: I mean, you're clearly a really inspiring leader.
530
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CA:我得說,你的的確確是個激勵人的領袖。
23:42
And you persuade people
531
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你能說服人
23:44
to go to these great feats of invention,
532
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去從事這些偉大的發明,
23:46
but at a personal level,
533
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但就個人層次來說
23:48
in a way I can't imagine doing your job.
534
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2000
我不大能想像自己做你的工作。
23:50
Do you wake up in the night sometimes,
535
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你會不會有時半夜從夢中醒來,
23:52
just asking questions
536
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自己問自己
23:54
about the possibly unintended consequences
537
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自己團隊的超人才幹
23:56
of your team's brilliance?
538
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會帶來哪些未曾料想到的後果?
23:58
RD: Sure.
539
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RD:當然會。
24:00
I think you couldn't be human
540
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不想到這些問題
24:03
if you didn't ask those questions.
541
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那就難稱得上是人了。
24:05
CA: How do you answer them?
542
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CA:你的答案是?
24:07
RD: Well I don't always have answers for them, right.
543
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RD:我其實常常也沒有答案。
24:11
I think that we learn
544
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我想隨著時間進行
24:14
as time goes on.
545
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我們會學到些什麼。
24:16
My job is one of the most exhilarating jobs you could have.
546
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我的工作非常讓人振奮。
24:22
I work with some of the most amazing people.
547
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我和一些最棒的人共事。
24:26
And with that exhilaration,
548
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這股振奮的感覺
24:28
comes a really deep sense
549
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也帶來一分深深的
24:30
of responsibility.
550
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責任感。
24:32
And so you have on the one hand
551
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所以你一面
24:34
this tremendous lift
552
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感受到化不可能為可能
24:37
of what's possible
553
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的振奮,
24:40
and this tremendous seriousness
554
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一面也承受
24:43
of what it means.
555
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其嚴肅性。
24:45
CA: Regina, that was jaw-dropping, as they say.
556
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CA:蕾金娜 (Regina),你讓我嘴都合不攏了。
24:48
Thank you so much for coming to TED. (RD: Thank you.)
557
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謝謝你到 TED 來與大家分享。 RD:謝謝你。
24:51
(Applause)
558
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(掌聲)
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