Regina Dugan: From mach-20 glider to hummingbird drone

197,175 views ・ 2012-03-27

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

00:15
You should be nice
0
15260
2000
00:17
to nerds.
1
17260
2000
00:19
In fact, I'd go so far as to say,
2
19260
2000
00:21
if you don't already have a nerd in your life,
3
21260
2000
00:23
you should get one.
4
23260
3000
00:26
I'm just saying.
5
26260
2000
00:28
Scientists and engineers
6
28260
2000
00:30
change the world.
7
30260
3000
00:33
I'd like to tell you
8
33260
2000
00:35
about a magical place called DARPA
9
35260
3000
00:38
where scientists and engineers
10
38260
2000
00:40
defy the impossible
11
40260
2000
00:42
and refuse to fear failure.
12
42260
3000
00:45
Now these two ideas
13
45260
2000
00:47
are connected more than you may realize,
14
47260
3000
00:50
because when you remove the fear of failure,
15
50260
4000
00:54
impossible things
16
54260
2000
00:56
suddenly become possible.
17
56260
4000
01:00
If you want to know how,
18
60260
2000
01:02
ask yourself this question:
19
62260
3000
01:05
What would you attempt to do
20
65260
2000
01:07
if you knew you could not fail?
21
67260
3000
01:10
If you really ask yourself
22
70260
2000
01:12
this question,
23
72260
2000
01:14
you can't help but feel uncomfortable.
24
74260
3000
01:17
I feel a little uncomfortable.
25
77260
3000
01:20
Because when you ask it,
26
80260
2000
01:22
you begin to understand
27
82260
2000
01:24
how the fear of failure constrains you,
28
84260
3000
01:27
how it keeps us
29
87260
2000
01:29
from attempting great things,
30
89260
3000
01:32
and life gets dull,
31
92260
3000
01:35
amazing things stop happening.
32
95260
3000
01:38
Sure, good things happen,
33
98260
2000
01:40
but amazing things
34
100260
2000
01:42
stop happening.
35
102260
2000
01:44
Now I should be clear,
36
104260
3000
01:47
I'm not encouraging failure,
37
107260
3000
01:50
I'm discouraging
38
110260
2000
01:52
fear of failure.
39
112260
3000
01:55
Because it's not failure itself
40
115260
2000
01:57
that constrains us.
41
117260
2000
01:59
The path to truly new,
42
119260
2000
02:01
never-been-done-before things
43
121260
2000
02:03
always has failure along the way.
44
123260
3000
02:06
We're tested.
45
126260
2000
02:08
And in part, that testing feels an appropriate part
46
128260
4000
02:12
of achieving something great.
47
132260
3000
02:15
Clemenceau said,
48
135260
2000
02:17
"Life gets interesting when we fail,
49
137260
3000
02:20
because it's a sign
50
140260
2000
02:22
that we've surpassed ourselves."
51
142260
3000
02:25
In 1895,
52
145260
2000
02:27
Lord Kelvin declared
53
147260
2000
02:29
that heavier-than-air flying machines
54
149260
2000
02:31
were impossible.
55
151260
2000
02:33
In October of 1903,
56
153260
2000
02:35
the prevailing opinion
57
155260
2000
02:37
of expert aerodynamicists
58
157260
3000
02:40
was that maybe in 10 million years
59
160260
2000
02:42
we could build an aircraft that would fly.
60
162260
3000
02:45
And two months later on December 17th,
61
165260
3000
02:48
Orville Wright powered the first airplane
62
168260
3000
02:51
across a beach in North Carolina.
63
171260
3000
02:54
The flight lasted 12 seconds
64
174260
3000
02:57
and covered 120 feet.
65
177260
3000
03:00
That was 1903.
66
180260
2000
03:02
One year later,
67
182260
2000
03:04
the next declarations of impossibilities began.
68
184260
3000
03:07
Ferdinand Foch, a French army general
69
187260
3000
03:10
credited with having one of the most original and subtle minds
70
190260
4000
03:14
in the French army,
71
194260
2000
03:16
said, "Airplanes are interesting toys,
72
196260
3000
03:19
but of no military value."
73
199260
4000
03:23
40 years later,
74
203260
2000
03:25
aero experts coined the term transonic.
75
205260
3000
03:28
They debated, should it have one S or two?
76
208260
5000
03:33
You see, they were having trouble in this flight regime,
77
213260
3000
03:36
and it wasn't at all clear
78
216260
2000
03:38
that we could fly faster than the speed of sound.
79
218260
4000
03:42
In 1947,
80
222260
2000
03:44
there was no wind tunnel data
81
224260
2000
03:46
beyond Mach 0.85.
82
226260
5000
03:51
And yet,
83
231260
2000
03:53
on Tuesday, October 14th, 1947,
84
233260
5000
03:58
Chuck Yeager climbed into the cockpit
85
238260
3000
04:01
of his Bell X-1
86
241260
2000
04:03
and he flew
87
243260
2000
04:05
towards an unknown possibility,
88
245260
4000
04:09
and in so doing,
89
249260
2000
04:11
he became the first pilot
90
251260
2000
04:13
to fly faster than the speed of sound.
91
253260
4000
04:22
Six of eight Atlas rockets
92
262260
2000
04:24
blew up on the pad.
93
264260
2000
04:26
After 11 complete mission failures,
94
266260
2000
04:28
we got our first images from space.
95
268260
2000
04:30
And on that first flight
96
270260
2000
04:32
we got more data
97
272260
2000
04:34
than in all U-2 missions combined.
98
274260
5000
04:39
It took a lot of failures
99
279260
2000
04:41
to get there.
100
281260
2000
04:43
Since we took to the sky,
101
283260
2000
04:45
we have wanted to fly
102
285260
2000
04:47
faster and farther.
103
287260
3000
04:50
And to do so,
104
290260
2000
04:52
we've had to believe in impossible things.
105
292260
3000
04:55
And we've had to refuse
106
295260
2000
04:57
to fear failure.
107
297260
3000
05:00
That's still true today.
108
300260
3000
05:03
Today, we don't talk about flying transonically,
109
303260
4000
05:07
or even supersonically,
110
307260
3000
05:10
we talk about flying hypersonically --
111
310260
3000
05:13
not Mach 2 or Mach 3, Mach 20.
112
313260
4000
05:17
At Mach 20,
113
317260
2000
05:19
we can fly from New York to Long Beach
114
319260
2000
05:21
in 11 minutes and 20 seconds.
115
321260
3000
05:24
At that speed,
116
324260
2000
05:26
the surface of the airfoil
117
326260
2000
05:28
is the temperature of molten steel --
118
328260
2000
05:30
3,500 degrees Fahrenheit --
119
330260
3000
05:33
like a blast furnace.
120
333260
2000
05:35
We are essentially burning the airfoil
121
335260
3000
05:38
as we fly it.
122
338260
2000
05:40
And we are flying it,
123
340260
2000
05:42
or trying to.
124
342260
2000
05:44
DARPA's hypersonic test vehicle
125
344260
3000
05:47
is the fastest maneuvering aircraft
126
347260
2000
05:49
ever built.
127
349260
2000
05:51
It's boosted to near-space
128
351260
3000
05:54
atop a Minotaur IV rocket.
129
354260
2000
05:56
Now the Minotaur IV has too much impulse,
130
356260
2000
05:58
so we have to bleed it off
131
358260
2000
06:00
by flying the rocket
132
360260
2000
06:02
at an 89 degree angle of attack
133
362260
2000
06:04
for portions of the trajectory.
134
364260
3000
06:07
That's an unnatural act
135
367260
2000
06:09
for a rocket.
136
369260
2000
06:11
The third stage has a camera.
137
371260
3000
06:14
We call it rocketcam.
138
374260
2000
06:16
And it's pointed
139
376260
2000
06:18
at the hypersonic glider.
140
378260
3000
06:21
This is the actual rocketcam footage
141
381260
3000
06:24
from flight one.
142
384260
2000
06:26
Now to conceal the shape, we changed the aspect ratio a little bit.
143
386260
3000
06:29
But this is what it looks like
144
389260
3000
06:32
from the third stage of the rocket
145
392260
2000
06:34
looking at the unmanned glider
146
394260
2000
06:36
as it heads into the atmosphere
147
396260
3000
06:39
back towards Earth.
148
399260
2000
06:41
We've flown twice.
149
401260
2000
06:43
In the first flight,
150
403260
2000
06:45
no aerodynamic control of the vehicle.
151
405260
3000
06:48
But we collected more hypersonic flight data
152
408260
3000
06:51
than in 30 years
153
411260
2000
06:53
of ground-based testing combined.
154
413260
3000
06:56
And in the second flight,
155
416260
3000
06:59
three minutes of fully-controlled,
156
419260
3000
07:02
aerodynamic flight
157
422260
2000
07:04
at Mach 20.
158
424260
2000
07:06
We must fly again,
159
426260
2000
07:08
because amazing, never-been-done-before things
160
428260
4000
07:12
require that you fly.
161
432260
3000
07:15
You can't learn to fly at Mach 20
162
435260
3000
07:18
unless you fly.
163
438260
3000
07:21
And while there's no substitute for speed,
164
441260
3000
07:24
maneuverability is a very close second.
165
444260
4000
07:28
If a Mach 20 glider takes 11 minutes and 20 seconds
166
448260
3000
07:31
to get from New York to Long Beach,
167
451260
2000
07:33
a hummingbird would take,
168
453260
2000
07:35
well, days.
169
455260
3000
07:38
You see, hummingbirds are not hypersonic,
170
458260
2000
07:40
but they are maneuverable.
171
460260
3000
07:43
In fact, the hummingbird is the only bird
172
463260
3000
07:46
that can fly backwards.
173
466260
2000
07:48
It can fly up, down,
174
468260
2000
07:50
forwards, backwards,
175
470260
2000
07:52
even upside-down.
176
472260
3000
07:55
And so if we wanted to fly in this room
177
475260
3000
07:58
or places where humans can't go,
178
478260
2000
08:00
we'd need an aircraft
179
480260
2000
08:02
small enough and maneuverable enough
180
482260
3000
08:05
to do so.
181
485260
2000
08:07
This is a hummingbird drone.
182
487260
3000
08:10
It can fly in all directions,
183
490260
2000
08:12
even backwards.
184
492260
2000
08:14
It can hover and rotate.
185
494260
3000
08:17
This prototype aircraft
186
497260
2000
08:19
is equipped with a video camera.
187
499260
3000
08:22
It weighs less than one AA battery.
188
502260
4000
08:26
It does not eat nectar.
189
506260
3000
08:29
In 2008,
190
509260
2000
08:31
it flew for a whopping 20 seconds,
191
511260
3000
08:34
a year later, two minutes,
192
514260
2000
08:36
then six,
193
516260
2000
08:38
eventually 11.
194
518260
2000
08:40
Many prototypes crashed -- many.
195
520260
4000
08:44
But there's no way
196
524260
2000
08:46
to learn to fly like a hummingbird
197
526260
2000
08:48
unless you fly.
198
528260
3000
08:56
(Applause)
199
536260
8000
09:04
It's beautiful, isn't it.
200
544260
4000
09:08
Wow.
201
548260
2000
09:10
It's great.
202
550260
2000
09:15
Matt is the first ever hummingbird pilot.
203
555260
3000
09:18
(Applause)
204
558260
7000
09:25
Failure is part of creating
205
565260
3000
09:28
new and amazing things.
206
568260
2000
09:30
We cannot both fear failure
207
570260
3000
09:33
and make amazing new things --
208
573260
4000
09:37
like a robot
209
577260
2000
09:39
with the stability of a dog on rough terrain,
210
579260
3000
09:42
or maybe even ice;
211
582260
2000
09:44
a robot that can run like a cheetah,
212
584260
2000
09:46
or climb stairs like a human
213
586260
3000
09:49
with the occasional clumsiness of a human.
214
589260
5000
09:54
Or perhaps, Spider Man
215
594260
3000
09:57
will one day be Gecko Man.
216
597260
3000
10:00
A gecko can support
217
600260
2000
10:02
its entire body weight
218
602260
2000
10:04
with one toe.
219
604260
2000
10:06
One square millimeter of a gecko's footpad
220
606260
3000
10:09
has 14,000 hair-like structures
221
609260
3000
10:12
called setae.
222
612260
2000
10:14
They are used to help it grip to surfaces
223
614260
3000
10:17
using intermolecular forces.
224
617260
3000
10:20
Today we can manufacture structures
225
620260
3000
10:23
that mimic the hairs of a gecko's foot.
226
623260
3000
10:26
The result,
227
626260
2000
10:28
a four-by-four-inch
228
628260
2000
10:30
artificial nano-gecko adhesive.
229
630260
4000
10:34
can support a static load
230
634260
2000
10:36
of 660 pounds.
231
636260
2000
10:38
That's enough to stick
232
638260
2000
10:40
six 42-inch plasma TV's to your wall,
233
640260
3000
10:43
no nails.
234
643260
2000
10:45
So much for Velcro, right?
235
645260
3000
10:48
And it's not just passive structures,
236
648260
3000
10:51
it's entire machines.
237
651260
3000
10:54
This is a spider mite.
238
654260
2000
10:56
It's one millimeter long,
239
656260
2000
10:58
but it looks like Godzilla
240
658260
2000
11:00
next to these micromachines.
241
660260
3000
11:03
In the world of Godzilla spider mites,
242
663260
3000
11:06
we can make millions of mirrors,
243
666260
3000
11:09
each one-fifth the diameter
244
669260
2000
11:11
of a human hair,
245
671260
2000
11:13
moving at hundreds of thousands of times per second
246
673260
3000
11:16
to make large screen displays,
247
676260
3000
11:19
so that we can watch movies like "Godzilla"
248
679260
2000
11:21
in high-def.
249
681260
3000
11:24
And if we can build machines
250
684260
2000
11:26
at that scale,
251
686260
2000
11:28
what about Eiffel Tower-like trusses
252
688260
3000
11:31
at the microscale?
253
691260
2000
11:33
Today we are making metals
254
693260
3000
11:36
that are lighter than Styrofoam,
255
696260
2000
11:38
so light
256
698260
2000
11:40
they can sit atop a dandelion puff
257
700260
2000
11:42
and be blown away
258
702260
2000
11:44
with a wisp of air --
259
704260
2000
11:46
so light
260
706260
2000
11:48
that you can make a car that two people can lift,
261
708260
3000
11:51
but so strong
262
711260
2000
11:53
that it has the crash-worthiness of an SUV.
263
713260
3000
11:56
From the smallest wisp of air
264
716260
3000
11:59
to the powerful forces of nature's storms.
265
719260
3000
12:02
There are 44 lightning strikes per second
266
722260
3000
12:05
around the globe.
267
725260
2000
12:07
Each lightning bolt heats the air
268
727260
3000
12:10
to 44,000 degrees Fahrenheit --
269
730260
2000
12:12
hotter than the surface of the Sun.
270
732260
3000
12:15
What if we could use
271
735260
2000
12:17
these electromagnetic pulses
272
737260
2000
12:19
as beacons,
273
739260
2000
12:21
beacons in a moving network
274
741260
3000
12:24
of powerful transmitters?
275
744260
3000
12:27
Experiments suggest
276
747260
2000
12:29
that lightning could be the next GPS.
277
749260
5000
12:34
Electrical pulses form the thoughts in our brains.
278
754260
3000
12:37
Using a grid the size of your thumb,
279
757260
3000
12:40
with 32 electrodes
280
760260
2000
12:42
on the surface of his brain,
281
762260
2000
12:44
Tim uses his thoughts
282
764260
2000
12:46
to control an advanced prosthetic arm.
283
766260
6000
12:52
And his thoughts
284
772260
2000
12:54
made him reach for Katie.
285
774260
2000
12:56
This is the first time
286
776260
4000
13:00
a human has controlled a robot
287
780260
2000
13:02
with thought alone.
288
782260
3000
13:05
And it is the first time
289
785260
2000
13:07
that Tim has held Katie's hand
290
787260
2000
13:09
in seven years.
291
789260
2000
13:11
That moment mattered
292
791260
2000
13:13
to Tim and Katie,
293
793260
2000
13:15
and this green goo
294
795260
2000
13:17
may someday matter to you.
295
797260
3000
13:20
This green goo
296
800260
2000
13:22
is perhaps the vaccine that could save your life.
297
802260
3000
13:25
It was made in tobacco plants.
298
805260
3000
13:28
Tobacco plants
299
808260
2000
13:30
can make millions of doses of vaccine
300
810260
3000
13:33
in weeks instead of months,
301
813260
3000
13:36
and it might just be
302
816260
2000
13:38
the first healthy use of tobacco ever.
303
818260
4000
13:42
And if it seems far-fetched
304
822260
2000
13:44
that tobacco plants could make people healthy,
305
824260
3000
13:47
what about gamers that could solve problems
306
827260
3000
13:50
that experts can't solve?
307
830260
2000
13:52
Last September,
308
832260
2000
13:54
the gamers of Foldit
309
834260
2000
13:56
solved the three-dimensional structure
310
836260
2000
13:58
of the retroviral protease
311
838260
2000
14:00
that contributes to AIDS in rhesus monkeys.
312
840260
3000
14:03
Now understanding this structure
313
843260
2000
14:05
is very important for developing treatments.
314
845260
4000
14:09
For 15 years,
315
849260
2000
14:11
it was unsolved
316
851260
2000
14:13
in the scientific community.
317
853260
2000
14:15
The gamers of Foldit
318
855260
2000
14:17
solved it in 15 days.
319
857260
3000
14:20
Now they were able to do so
320
860260
2000
14:22
by working together.
321
862260
2000
14:24
They were able to work together
322
864260
2000
14:26
because they're connected by the Internet.
323
866260
2000
14:28
And others, also connected to the Internet,
324
868260
3000
14:31
used it as an instrument of democracy.
325
871260
4000
14:35
And together
326
875260
2000
14:37
they changed the fate of their nation.
327
877260
3000
14:40
The Internet is home to two billion people,
328
880260
3000
14:43
or 30 percent of the world's population.
329
883260
3000
14:46
It allows us to contribute
330
886260
3000
14:49
and to be heard
331
889260
2000
14:51
as individuals.
332
891260
2000
14:53
It allows us to amplify
333
893260
3000
14:56
our voices and our power
334
896260
3000
14:59
as a group.
335
899260
2000
15:01
But it too had humble beginnings.
336
901260
3000
15:04
In 1969, the internet was but a dream,
337
904260
3000
15:07
a few sketches on a piece of paper.
338
907260
2000
15:09
And then on October 29th,
339
909260
3000
15:12
the first packet-switched message was sent
340
912260
2000
15:14
from UCLA to SRI.
341
914260
3000
15:17
The first two letters of the word "Login,"
342
917260
3000
15:20
that's all that made it through --
343
920260
2000
15:22
an L and an O --
344
922260
2000
15:24
and then a buffer overflow crashed the system.
345
924260
2000
15:26
(Laughter)
346
926260
3000
15:29
Two letters,
347
929260
2000
15:31
an L and an O,
348
931260
3000
15:34
now a worldwide force.
349
934260
4000
15:38
So who are these scientists and engineers
350
938260
3000
15:41
at a magical place called DARPA?
351
941260
3000
15:44
They are nerds,
352
944260
3000
15:47
and they are heroes among us.
353
947260
3000
15:50
They challenge existing perspectives
354
950260
2000
15:52
at the edges of science
355
952260
2000
15:54
and under the most demanding of conditions.
356
954260
4000
15:58
They remind us
357
958260
2000
16:00
that we can change the world
358
960260
2000
16:02
if we defy the impossible
359
962260
2000
16:04
and we refuse to fear failure.
360
964260
4000
16:08
They remind us
361
968260
2000
16:10
that we all have nerd power.
362
970260
3000
16:13
Sometimes we just forget.
363
973260
4000
16:17
You see, there was a time
364
977260
2000
16:19
when you weren't afraid of failure,
365
979260
2000
16:21
when you were a great artist or a great dancer
366
981260
3000
16:24
and you could sing, you were good at math,
367
984260
2000
16:26
you could build things, you were an astronaut,
368
986260
3000
16:29
an adventurer, Jacques Cousteau,
369
989260
2000
16:31
you could jump higher, run faster,
370
991260
2000
16:33
kick harder than anyone.
371
993260
3000
16:36
You believed in impossible things
372
996260
2000
16:38
and you were fearless.
373
998260
2000
16:40
You were totally and completely in touch
374
1000260
4000
16:44
with your inner superhero.
375
1004260
4000
16:48
Scientists and engineers
376
1008260
3000
16:51
can indeed change the world.
377
1011260
3000
16:54
So can you.
378
1014260
2000
16:56
You were born to.
379
1016260
2000
16:58
So go ahead,
380
1018260
2000
17:00
ask yourself,
381
1020260
2000
17:02
what would you attempt to do
382
1022260
3000
17:05
if you knew you could not fail?
383
1025260
2000
17:07
Now I want to say,
384
1027260
2000
17:09
this is not easy.
385
1029260
3000
17:12
It's hard to hold onto this feeling,
386
1032260
2000
17:14
really hard.
387
1034260
2000
17:16
I guess in some way,
388
1036260
2000
17:18
I sort of believe it's supposed to be hard.
389
1038260
2000
17:20
Doubt and fear always creep in.
390
1040260
3000
17:23
We think someone else, someone smarter than us,
391
1043260
3000
17:26
someone more capable,
392
1046260
2000
17:28
someone with more resources will solve that problem.
393
1048260
3000
17:31
But there isn't anyone else;
394
1051260
2000
17:33
there's just you.
395
1053260
3000
17:36
And if we're lucky,
396
1056260
2000
17:38
in that moment,
397
1058260
2000
17:40
someone steps into that doubt and fear,
398
1060260
3000
17:43
takes a hand and says,
399
1063260
3000
17:46
"Let me help you believe."
400
1066260
3000
17:49
Jason Harley did that for me.
401
1069260
3000
17:52
Jason started at DARPA
402
1072260
3000
17:55
on March 18th, 2010.
403
1075260
2000
17:57
He was with our transportation team.
404
1077260
4000
18:01
I saw Jason nearly every day,
405
1081260
2000
18:03
sometimes twice a day.
406
1083260
2000
18:05
And more so than most,
407
1085260
2000
18:07
he saw the highs and the lows,
408
1087260
3000
18:10
the celebrations and the disappointments.
409
1090260
4000
18:14
And on one particularly dark day for me,
410
1094260
4000
18:18
Jason sat down
411
1098260
2000
18:20
and he wrote an email.
412
1100260
3000
18:23
He was encouraging,
413
1103260
2000
18:25
but firm.
414
1105260
2000
18:27
And when he hit send,
415
1107260
2000
18:29
he probably didn't realize what a difference it would make.
416
1109260
3000
18:32
It mattered to me.
417
1112260
2000
18:34
In that moment
418
1114260
2000
18:36
and still today
419
1116260
3000
18:39
when I doubt,
420
1119260
2000
18:41
when I feel afraid,
421
1121260
3000
18:44
when I need to reconnect
422
1124260
2000
18:46
with that feeling,
423
1126260
2000
18:48
I remember his words,
424
1128260
3000
18:51
they were so powerful.
425
1131260
2000
18:53
Text: "There is only time enough to iron your cape
426
1133260
3000
18:56
and back to the skies for you."
427
1136260
3000
19:00
♫ Superhero, superhero. ♫
428
1140260
2000
19:02
♫ Superhero, superhero. ♫
429
1142260
3000
19:07
♫ Superhero, superhero. ♫
430
1147260
3000
19:10
♫ Superhero, superhero. ♫
431
1150260
2000
19:12
♫ Superhero, superhero. ♫
432
1152260
2000
19:18
Voice: Because that's what being a superhero is all about.
433
1158260
4000
19:24
RD: "There is only time enough
434
1164260
2000
19:26
to iron your cape
435
1166260
2000
19:28
and back to the skies for you."
436
1168260
5000
19:33
And remember,
437
1173260
2000
19:35
be nice to nerds.
438
1175260
2000
19:37
(Applause)
439
1177260
15000
19:52
Thank you. Thank you.
440
1192260
2000
19:54
(Applause)
441
1194260
2000
19:56
Chris Anderson: Regina, thank you.
442
1196260
2000
19:58
I have a couple of questions.
443
1198260
2000
20:00
So that glider of yours,
444
1200260
2000
20:02
the Mach 20 glider,
445
1202260
2000
20:04
the first one, no control, it ended up in the Pacific I think somewhere.
446
1204260
3000
20:07
RD: Yeah, yeah. It did. (CA: What happened on that second flight?)
447
1207260
3000
20:10
Yeah, it also went into the Pacific. (CA: But this time under control?)
448
1210260
4000
20:14
We didn't fly it into the Pacific.
449
1214260
3000
20:17
No, there are multiple portions of the trajectory
450
1217260
3000
20:20
that are demanding
451
1220260
2000
20:22
in terms of really flying at that speed.
452
1222260
3000
20:25
And so in the second flight,
453
1225260
3000
20:28
we were able to get three minutes
454
1228260
2000
20:30
of fully aerodynamic control of the vehicle before we lost it.
455
1230260
4000
20:34
CA: I imagine you're not planning to open up to passenger service
456
1234260
3000
20:37
from New York to Long Beach anytime soon.
457
1237260
2000
20:39
RD: It might be a little warm.
458
1239260
3000
20:42
CA: What do you picture that glider being used for?
459
1242260
3000
20:45
RD: Well our responsibility
460
1245260
2000
20:47
is to develop the technology for this.
461
1247260
2000
20:49
How it's ultimately used
462
1249260
2000
20:51
will be determined by the military.
463
1251260
2000
20:53
Now the purpose of the vehicle though,
464
1253260
3000
20:56
the purpose of the technology,
465
1256260
2000
20:58
is to be able to reach anywhere in the world
466
1258260
2000
21:00
in less than 60 minutes.
467
1260260
2000
21:02
CA: And to carry a payload
468
1262260
2000
21:04
of more than a few pounds? (RD: Yeah.)
469
1264260
2000
21:06
Like what's the payload it could carry?
470
1266260
4000
21:10
RD: Well I don't think we ultimately know what it will be, right.
471
1270260
3000
21:13
We've got to fly it first.
472
1273260
2000
21:15
CA: But not necessarily just a camera?
473
1275260
2000
21:17
RD: No, not necessarily just a camera.
474
1277260
4000
21:21
CA: It's amazing.
475
1281260
3000
21:24
The hummingbird?
476
1284260
2000
21:26
RD: Yeah?
477
1286260
2000
21:28
CA: I'm curious, you started your beautiful sequence on flight
478
1288260
4000
21:32
with a plane kind of trying to flap its wings
479
1292260
2000
21:34
and failing horribly,
480
1294260
2000
21:36
and there haven't been that many planes built since
481
1296260
3000
21:39
that flap wings.
482
1299260
2000
21:41
Why did we think that this was the time to go biomimicry
483
1301260
3000
21:44
and copy a hummingbird?
484
1304260
2000
21:46
Isn't that a very expensive solution
485
1306260
2000
21:48
for a small maneuverable flying object?
486
1308260
4000
21:52
RD: So I mean, in part,
487
1312260
2000
21:54
we wondered if it was possible to do it.
488
1314260
2000
21:56
And you have to revisit these questions
489
1316260
2000
21:58
over time.
490
1318260
2000
22:00
The folks at AeroVironment
491
1320260
2000
22:02
tried 300 or more different wing designs,
492
1322260
3000
22:05
12 different forms of the avionics.
493
1325260
3000
22:08
It took them 10 full prototypes
494
1328260
2000
22:10
to get something that would actually fly.
495
1330260
2000
22:12
But there's something really interesting
496
1332260
3000
22:15
about a flying machine
497
1335260
2000
22:17
that looks like something you'd recognize.
498
1337260
3000
22:20
So we often talk about stealth
499
1340260
2000
22:22
as a means for avoiding any type of sensing,
500
1342260
3000
22:25
but when things looks just natural,
501
1345260
3000
22:28
you also don't see them.
502
1348260
2000
22:30
CA: Ah. So it's not necessarily just the performance.
503
1350260
3000
22:33
It's partly the look. (RD: Sure.)
504
1353260
2000
22:35
It's actually, "Look at that cute hummingbird
505
1355260
2000
22:37
flying into my headquarters."
506
1357260
2000
22:39
(Laughter)
507
1359260
4000
22:43
Because I think, as well as the awe of looking at that,
508
1363260
2000
22:45
I'm sure some people here are thinking,
509
1365260
2000
22:47
technology catches up so quick,
510
1367260
2000
22:49
how long is it
511
1369260
2000
22:51
before some crazed geek with a little remote control
512
1371260
2000
22:53
flies one through a window of the White House?
513
1373260
2000
22:55
I mean, do you worry about the Pandora's box issue here?
514
1375260
4000
22:59
RD: Well look, our singular mission
515
1379260
4000
23:03
is the creation and prevention of strategic surprise.
516
1383260
3000
23:06
That's what we do.
517
1386260
2000
23:08
It would be inconceivable
518
1388260
2000
23:10
for us to do that work
519
1390260
3000
23:13
if we didn't make people excited and uncomfortable with the things that we do
520
1393260
3000
23:16
at the same time.
521
1396260
2000
23:18
It's just the nature of what we do.
522
1398260
3000
23:21
Now our responsibility
523
1401260
2000
23:23
is to push that edge.
524
1403260
2000
23:25
And we have to be, of course, mindful and responsible
525
1405260
4000
23:29
of how the technology is developed
526
1409260
2000
23:31
and ultimately used,
527
1411260
2000
23:33
but we can't simply close our eyes
528
1413260
2000
23:35
and pretend that it isn't advancing; it's advancing.
529
1415260
3000
23:38
CA: I mean, you're clearly a really inspiring leader.
530
1418260
4000
23:42
And you persuade people
531
1422260
2000
23:44
to go to these great feats of invention,
532
1424260
2000
23:46
but at a personal level,
533
1426260
2000
23:48
in a way I can't imagine doing your job.
534
1428260
2000
23:50
Do you wake up in the night sometimes,
535
1430260
2000
23:52
just asking questions
536
1432260
2000
23:54
about the possibly unintended consequences
537
1434260
2000
23:56
of your team's brilliance?
538
1436260
2000
23:58
RD: Sure.
539
1438260
2000
24:00
I think you couldn't be human
540
1440260
3000
24:03
if you didn't ask those questions.
541
1443260
2000
24:05
CA: How do you answer them?
542
1445260
2000
24:07
RD: Well I don't always have answers for them, right.
543
1447260
4000
24:11
I think that we learn
544
1451260
3000
24:14
as time goes on.
545
1454260
2000
24:16
My job is one of the most exhilarating jobs you could have.
546
1456260
6000
24:22
I work with some of the most amazing people.
547
1462260
4000
24:26
And with that exhilaration,
548
1466260
2000
24:28
comes a really deep sense
549
1468260
2000
24:30
of responsibility.
550
1470260
2000
24:32
And so you have on the one hand
551
1472260
2000
24:34
this tremendous lift
552
1474260
3000
24:37
of what's possible
553
1477260
3000
24:40
and this tremendous seriousness
554
1480260
3000
24:43
of what it means.
555
1483260
2000
24:45
CA: Regina, that was jaw-dropping, as they say.
556
1485260
3000
24:48
Thank you so much for coming to TED. (RD: Thank you.)
557
1488260
3000
24:51
(Applause)
558
1491260
4000
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7