Benjamin Barber: Why mayors should rule the world

167,604 views ・ 2013-09-20

TED


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翻译人员: Sophia Liu 校对人员: jihan jung
00:12
Democracy is in trouble, no question about that,
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毫无疑问的是,民主正处于危难之中。
00:16
and it comes in part from a deep dilemma
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这种危难部分来自于
00:19
in which it is embedded.
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扎根于其中的两难境地。
00:22
It's increasingly irrelevant to the kinds of decisions
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我们面临的抉择越来越与国与国之间的界线无关。
00:25
we face that have to do with global pandemics,
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如我们所面临的的全球性流行病,
00:29
a cross-border problem;
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不是境内境外的问题;
00:31
with HIV, a transnational problem;
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如获得性免疫缺陷综合征(简称HIV),不是国家内部的问题;
00:34
with markets and immigration,
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如市场与移民,
00:36
something that goes beyond national borders;
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不是国家领土界线内的问题;
00:39
with terrorism, with war,
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再如恐怖主义、战争,
00:41
all now cross-border problems.
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这些都是超越了国家与界线的问题。
00:44
In fact, we live in a 21st-century world
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实际上,我们共存在二十一世纪
00:48
of interdependence,
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这是一个互相依赖的世界,
00:50
and brutal interdependent problems,
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也是一个有着很多残酷的互相依赖问题的世界,
00:53
and when we look for solutions in politics and in democracy,
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当我们去政界和民主中找答案时,
00:59
we are faced with political institutions
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我们面对的是400年前
01:02
designed 400 years ago,
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组织建立起来的政治机构,
01:06
autonomous, sovereign nation-states
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与有着法律与领土界线的
01:10
with jurisdictions and territories
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自治的主权国家,
01:13
separate from one another,
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这些政治机构与国际彼此分离,
01:14
each claiming to be able to solve the problem
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各自主张自己能够解决
01:17
of its own people.
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自己人民的问题。
01:19
Twenty-first-century, transnational world
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我们生活在的是二十一世纪,应是一个有着困难和挑战
01:23
of problems and challenges,
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的无国界世界,
01:25
17th-century world of political institutions.
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而它却笼罩在十七世纪的政治机构体制之下。
01:29
In that dilemma lies the central problem of democracy.
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民主的核心问题正存在于这种两难境地中。
01:35
And like many others, I've been thinking about
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我与其他人一样都在想一个问题,
01:37
what can one do about this, this asymmetry
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那就是,我们可以如何处理
01:40
between 21st-century challenges
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这横跨在二十一世纪众多挑战中的不平衡
01:42
and archaic and increasingly dysfunctional
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我们应该如何处理这种古旧的政体和
01:46
political institutions like nation-states.
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越发机能失调的政治机构(如单一民族国家)。
01:50
And my suggestion is
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我的建议是,
01:51
that we change the subject,
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我们应该改一改话题,
01:55
that we stop talking about nations,
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不谈国家,
01:59
about bordered states,
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不谈界线,
02:01
and we start talking about cities.
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而开始把我们的话题转移到城市。
02:05
Because I think you will find, when we talk about cities,
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因为,我想相信当我们开始谈到城市的时候,你就会发现
02:08
we are talking about the political institutions
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我们谈到的是
02:12
in which civilization and culture were born.
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孕育着文明与文化的政治机构;
02:15
We are talking about the cradle of democracy.
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我们谈到的是民主的摇篮;
02:18
We are talking about the venues in which
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我们谈到的是人民在公共场所集会,
02:21
those public spaces where we come together
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谈论民主、创造民主,
02:24
to create democracy, and at the same time
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而与此同时,
02:28
protest those who would take our freedom, take place.
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也抗议那些剥夺我们自由的势力。
02:33
Think of some great names:
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想想那些伟大的名字吧:
02:35
the Place de la Bastille,
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巴士底广场(法国巴黎,巴士底狱所在地),
02:38
Zuccotti Park,
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祖科蒂公园(美国纽约,占领华尔街集会所在地)
02:40
Tahrir Square,
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塔利尔解放广场(埃及开罗,埃及七月革命所在地)
02:42
Taksim Square in today's headlines in Istanbul,
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和在今日头条的塔克西姆广场(土耳其伊斯坦布尔,人民示威游行所在地)
02:47
or, yes,
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或者,是的,
02:49
Tiananmen Square in Beijing.
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中国北京的天安门广场。
02:52
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
02:53
Those are the public spaces
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在这些公共场所中,
02:56
where we announce ourselves as citizens,
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我们宣告自己为公民,
03:00
as participants, as people with the right
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为参与者,
03:03
to write our own narratives.
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为有权利书写我们自己人生的人民。
03:07
Cities are not only the oldest of institutions,
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城市不仅仅是最古老的机构,
03:10
they're the most enduring.
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还是最经久不衰的机构。
03:12
If you think about it,
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想想看,
03:14
Constantinople, Istanbul, much older than Turkey.
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君士坦丁堡和伊斯坦布尔(城市)比土耳其(国家)持久;
03:18
Alexandria, much older than Egypt.
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亚历山大港,比埃及更不朽;
03:21
Rome, far older than Italy.
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罗马,远比意大利经久不衰。
03:25
Cities endure the ages.
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城市,经得起岁月的考验。
03:29
They are the places where we are born,
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城市是我们出生、
03:34
grow up, are educated, work, marry,
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成长、受教育、工作以及结婚的地方;
03:38
pray, play, get old, and in time, die.
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也是我们祈祷、玩耍、老去以及死亡的地方。
03:43
They are home.
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城市是我们的家。
03:45
Very different than nation-states,
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他们不同于抽象意义上的
03:47
which are abstractions.
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民族与国家。
03:48
We pay taxes, we vote occasionally,
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我们也许会纳税,也许会偶尔投票选举,
03:52
we watch the men and women we choose rule
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也许会看着那些由我们选举出来的男人和女人们
03:56
rule more or less without us.
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或多或少不考虑我们的统治着这个国家。
03:59
Not so in those homes known as our towns
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他们都不如我们誉为家的小镇,
04:03
and cities where we live.
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和我们生活的城市。
04:05
Moreover, today, more than half of the world's population
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除此以外,超过世界人口的一半以上
04:10
live in cities.
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都居住生活在城市。
04:12
In the developed world, it's about 78 percent.
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在发达国家中,这种比例达到了78%。
04:16
More than three out of four people
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超过了四分之三的人口
04:18
live in urban institutions, urban places,
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居住在城市的机构、场所,
04:22
in cities today.
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城市的各个地方。
04:24
So cities are where the action is.
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所以,城市,才应该是我们采取行动的所在地。
04:27
Cities are us. Aristotle said in the ancient world,
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城市就是我们。
04:30
man is a political animal.
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亚里士多德曾说过,“在古代,人们就是政治性动物。”
04:33
I say we are an urban animal.
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而我说,我们是城市性动物。
04:36
We are an urban species, at home in our cities.
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我们是以城市为栖息地的物种。
04:41
So to come back to the dilemma,
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让我们再回到一开始我们所说到的窘境,
04:43
if the dilemma is we have old-fashioned
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如果这种窘境是因为我们现在所拥有的古旧的
04:46
political nation-states unable to govern the world,
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政治体系(民族、国家)无法统治这个世界,
04:50
respond to the global challenges that we face
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也无法回应我们面临的全球性挑战,
04:53
like climate change,
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如气候变化的问题,
04:55
then maybe it's time for mayors to rule the world,
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也许是时候让市长们统治这个世界的时候了,
05:01
for mayors and the citizens and the peoples they represent
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是时候让市长们,市民的忠实喉舌,
05:04
to engage in global governance.
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去参与到全球问题的管理中来。
05:10
When I say if mayors ruled the world,
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当我说,“如果市长们可以统治这个世界”,
05:12
when I first came up with that phrase,
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当我第一次想到这个说法的时候,
05:14
it occurred to me that actually, they already do.
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我突然认识到,他们其实已经这样做了。
05:18
There are scores of international, inter-city,
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现如今在城市中已经有许多的跨国、跨市、
05:23
cross-border institutions, networks of cities
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跨境、连接众多城市的组织
05:27
in which cities are already, quite quietly,
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已经在悄无声息中,
05:30
below the horizon, working together
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合作无间,
05:33
to deal with climate change, to deal with security,
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共同对抗气候变化、安全问题、
05:36
to deal with immigration,
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处理移民问题,
05:37
to deal with all of those tough,
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和那些纵使艰难,
05:39
interdependent problems that we face.
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但仍需要面对的共存性问题。
05:41
They have strange names:
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这些组织有着一些奇怪的名字:
05:45
UCLG,
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UCLG (United Cities And Local Governments)
05:48
United Cities and Local Governments;
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城市和地方政府联合;
05:53
ICLEI,
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ICLEI (International Council for Local Environmental Issues.)
05:55
the International Council for Local Environmental Issues.
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国际地方环境理事会,
06:00
And the list goes on:
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这样的例子不胜枚举:
06:01
Citynet in Asia; City Protocol, a new organization
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亚洲城市组织 Citynet in Asia;
06:05
out of Barcelona that is using the web
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城市协议组织 City Protocol(一个在巴塞罗那新成立的组织,
06:08
to share best practices among countries.
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它通过运用网络共享城市中成功的案例)
06:12
And then all the things we know a little better,
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还有一些我们更熟悉的组织,
06:13
the U.S. Conference of Mayors,
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美国市长会 U.S. Conference of Mayors
06:14
the Mexican Conference of Mayors,
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墨西哥市长会 Mexican Conference of Mayors
06:16
the European Conference of Mayors.
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欧洲市长会 European Conference of Mayors
06:20
Mayors are where this is happening.
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正因为市长们,这些组织们才得以成立。
06:25
And so the question is,
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所以,问题来了,
06:27
how can we create a world
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我们如何建立一个
06:29
in which mayors and the citizens they represent
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市长们和他们所代表的的市民们
06:33
play a more prominent role?
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可以更扮演更重要角色的世界?
06:35
Well, to understand that,
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要回答这个问题,
06:38
we need to understand why cities are special,
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我们首先要了解城市是如此特别的原因,
06:42
why mayors are so different
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了解为何市长与总理和总统们相比
06:44
than prime ministers and presidents,
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与众不同的原因。
06:45
because my premise is that a mayor and a prime minister
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那是因为我的首要前提是市长和总理
06:50
are at the opposite ends of a political spectrum.
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处在一个政治谱系中相反的两端
06:54
To be a prime minister or a president,
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要成为一名总理或是总统,
06:56
you have to have an ideology,
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你必须要有思想意识,
06:59
you have to have a meta-narrative,
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你必须要元叙述(即对历史的意义、经历和知识的叙述)
07:01
you have to have a theory of how things work,
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你还必须要有上任后如何使国家运作的理论基础,
07:03
you have to belong to a party.
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您必须要从属于一个政党。
07:05
Independents, on the whole,
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如若你是无党派人士,自由、独立的个体,
07:07
don't get elected to office.
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那么你就无法被选举。
07:08
But mayors are just the opposite.
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但,市长们则相反。
07:11
Mayors are pragmatists, they're problem-solvers.
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市长是实用主义者,他们能够解决问题。
07:15
Their job is to get things done, and if they don't,
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他们的责任就在于完成任务,
07:17
they're out of a job.
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他们一旦失败就会失业。
07:20
Mayor Nutter of Philadelphia said,
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费城纳特市的市长曾经说过,
07:23
we could never get away here in Philadelphia
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“在费城,我们不能眼看着华盛顿的
07:26
with the stuff that goes on in Washington,
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麻痹无能、不作为
07:28
the paralysis, the non-action, the inaction.
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和迟钝。
07:33
Why? Because potholes have to get filled,
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为什么?因为漏洞需要被填补,
07:38
because the trains have to run,
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只有这样火车才能够正常运行,
07:40
because kids have to be able to get to school.
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只有这样孩子们才能够享受教育。”
07:43
And that's what we have to do,
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而那就是我们要做的,
07:44
and to do that is about pragmatism
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去做那些实质性的事,
07:47
in that deep, American sense,
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从美国人的思维来说,
07:49
reaching outcomes.
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那就是去做那些能够达到成果的事。
07:51
Washington, Beijing, Paris, as world capitals,
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华盛顿,北京,巴黎,世界的首都都一样,
07:57
are anything but pragmatic,
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一点都不务实。
08:00
but real city mayors have to be pragmatists.
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但是市长们却不得不务实,
08:03
They have to get things done,
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他们必须确保使事物运转,
08:05
they have to put ideology and religion and ethnicity aside
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他们必须摒弃意识形态、宗教和民族差异
08:08
and draw their cities together.
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把他们的城市联系起来。
08:11
We saw this a couple of decades ago
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我们在在几世纪之前目睹了这一切的发生。
08:13
when Teddy Kollek, the great mayor of Jerusalem
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当耶路撒冷的市长,特迪·科勒克 (Teddy Kollek)
08:16
in the '80s and the '90s,
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在八十和九十年代,
08:19
was besieged one day in his office
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被来自于不同背景的宗教领袖
08:22
by religious leaders from all of the backgrounds,
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包围在办公室里,
08:27
Christian prelates, rabbis, imams.
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基督教主教、犹太教和伊斯兰教领袖
08:29
They were arguing with one another
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对圣地麦加的朝圣问题
08:31
about access to the holy sites.
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争论不休。
08:33
And the squabble went on and on,
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市长科勒克聆听着这些领袖们的争论,
08:35
and Kollek listened and listened,
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最后说,
08:37
and he finally said, "Gentlemen,
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“先生们,
08:41
spare me your sermons,
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把你们的步道放一放,
08:43
and I will fix your sewers."
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我去给你们修下水道。”
08:46
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
08:47
That's what mayors do.
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这就是市长们的工作。
08:49
They fix sewers, they get the trains running.
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他们修理下水道,他们使火车运行。
08:53
There isn't a left or a right way of doing.
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这不是一个左翼,也不是一个右翼的处理方式。
08:55
Boris Johnson in London calls himself an anarcho-Tory.
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伦敦市长鲍里斯·约翰逊 (Boris Johnson)称他自己为无政府主义者 - 托利(党)
09:00
Strange term, but in some ways, he is.
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一个非常奇怪的名字,但他却是这样。
09:02
He's a libertarian. He's an anarchist.
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他是一个自由主义者。他是一个无政府主义者。
09:04
He rides to work on a bike,
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他每天骑自行车上班,
09:05
but at the same time, he's in some ways a conservative.
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但与此同时,他又在某方面又有一些保守。
09:08
Bloomberg in New York was a Democrat,
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纽约市市长迈克尔·布隆伯格 (Michael Bloomberg) 起先是一个民主党成员,
09:12
then he was a Republican,
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09:12
and finally he was an Independent, and said
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后来他又是一个共和党成员,
但最后他退出两个党派然后说,
09:14
the party label just gets in the way.
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“党派的标签妨碍我做事。”
09:17
Luzhkov, 20 years mayor in Moscow,
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卢日科夫(Yori Luzhkov)在莫斯科担任了二十年的市长,
09:20
though he helped found a party, United Party with Putin,
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尽管他帮助普金共同建立了联合党
09:23
in fact refused to be defined by the party
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但他实际上拒绝被定义为政党人士
09:27
and finally, in fact, lost his job not under Brezhnev,
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最后,他不是在勃列日涅夫手下
09:30
not under Gorbachev, but under Putin,
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也不是在戈尔巴乔夫手下,
09:33
who wanted a more faithful party follower.
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而是渴望更忠诚的政党追随者的普金手下丢掉了工作。
09:37
So mayors are pragmatists and problem-solvers.
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所以,我再次强调,市长是实用主义者,他们能够解决问题。
09:41
They get things done.
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他们能够使事物运转。
09:42
But the second thing about mayors
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另外一件我想说的关于市长的事是,
09:44
is they are also what I like to call homeboys,
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我喜欢把他们叫做“哥们儿”
09:48
or to include the women mayors, homies.
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不过如果要把女市长们也列入其中的话,就叫他们“死党”吧。
09:51
They're from the neighborhood.
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他们从我们的街坊邻里中被选举出来,
09:53
They're part of the neighborhood. They're known.
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是社区的一部分,而且他们也知道这一点。
09:55
Ed Koch used to wander around New York City
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纽约市长埃德•科克(Ed Koch)层漫步于纽约街头,
09:57
saying, "How am I doing?"
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采访路人问,“我任职期间做的怎么样?”
10:00
Imagine David Cameron
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想想戴维·卡梅伦(David Cameron),
10:01
wandering around the United Kingdom
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如果他漫步于大不列颠王国的街头,随口就问,“我做的如何?”
10:03
asking, "How am I doing?" He wouldn't like the answer.
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他应该不会喜欢那个答案。
10:06
Or Putin. Or any national leader.
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或者普金,或者任何国家领导人。
10:09
He could ask that because he knew New Yorkers
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埃德•科克 之所以能够这么问是因为他了解纽约人,
10:11
and they knew him.
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纽约人也了解他。
10:12
Mayors are usually from the places they govern.
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市长通常从他所管辖的区域中选举出来,
10:16
It's pretty hard to be a carpetbagger and be a mayor.
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非本地的参政者通常没有办法被选举为市长。
10:19
You can run for the Senate out of a different state,
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你可以在不同的州为议员拉选票,
10:21
but it's hard to do that as a mayor.
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但却无法作为市长这么做。
10:24
And as a result, mayors and city councillors
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所以,市长、市议员
10:27
and local authorities
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和地方当局
10:29
have a much higher trust level,
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在民众中有更高的信任度。
10:31
and this is the third feature about mayors,
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而这也是关于市长的第三个特点,
10:34
than national governing officials.
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那就是比国家领导人更具有民心。
10:36
In the United States, we know the pathetic figures:
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在美国,我们知道一个可悲的数据:
10:39
18 percent of Americans approve of Congress
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只有18%的美国民众
10:44
and what they do.
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赞成国会和国会的所作所为。
10:45
And even with a relatively popular president like Obama,
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而甚至是稍微更受青睐的总统奥巴马,
10:49
the figures for the Presidency run about 40, 45,
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也不过在总统大选中获得的支持率得到40%或45%,
10:52
sometimes 50 percent at best.
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最多50%。
10:54
The Supreme Court has fallen way down from what it used to be.
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最高法院的支持率也比以往大大下滑。
10:57
But when you ask, "Do you trust your city councillor,
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但如果你问民众,“你是否信任你们市议员,
11:01
do you trust your mayor?"
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你是否相信你们市长?”
11:03
the rates shoot up to 70, 75, even 80 percent,
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支持率飙升至70%,75%,甚至是80%。
11:08
because they're from the neighborhood,
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因为他们从街坊邻里中被选举出来,
11:10
because the people they work with are their neighbors,
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因为他们的同僚们也是他们的邻居,
11:13
because, like Mayor Booker in Newark,
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因为,就像纽瓦克的市长布克(Cory Booker)
11:16
a mayor is likely to get out of his car on the way to work
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是一个不坐豪华车去上班的市长,
11:20
and go in and pull people out of a burning building --
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是一个冲进火场并把人火场里救出来的市长
11:22
that happened to Mayor Booker --
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(这是真实发生在市长布克身上的事情)
11:25
or intervene in a mugging in the street as he goes to work
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或者在他上班的途中看见行凶抢劫毫不犹豫的上前见义勇为
11:28
because he sees it.
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就只因为他看见了,他就不会坐视不管。
11:29
No head of state would be permitted
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没有任何一个国家领导人
11:31
by their security details to do it,
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会被安全条例所允许去做这件事,
11:33
nor be in a position to do it.
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也不会去做这件事。
11:35
That's the difference, and the difference
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这就是他们之间存在的区别。
11:37
has to do with the character of cities themselves,
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而这种区别与城市的特性本身相关,
11:39
because cities are profoundly multicultural,
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因为城市是融合多种文化的,
11:46
open, participatory, democratic,
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4335
开放的、供人分享的、民主的、
11:50
able to work with one another.
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合作无间的。
11:53
When states face each other,
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而国家间的交流,
11:55
China and the U.S., they face each other like this.
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如中美两国,他们的交流模式是一种模式 ,
12:00
When cities interact, they interact like this.
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而城市间的交流是另外一种模式。
12:04
China and the U.S., despite the recent
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3307
中美两国,且不论最近在加州召开的高层会议,
12:08
meta-meeting in California,
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两国之间被各种
12:10
are locked in all kinds of anger, resentment, and rivalry
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愤怒、不满以及竞争所禁锢。
12:15
for number one.
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两个国家都想要争第一。
12:16
We heard more about who will be number one.
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我们对于谁可能坐上第一的宝座的争论听得很多了。
12:19
Cities don't worry about number one.
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但城市之间从来不用担心谁会第一的问题。
12:21
They have to work together, and they do work together.
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城市之间必须彼此合作,而它们真的在这么做,
12:24
They work together in climate change, for example.
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她们合作对抗气候变化问题,
12:27
Organizations like the C40, like ICLEI, which I mentioned,
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如C40,ICLEI这些我刚才提到的组织,
12:31
have been working together
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都在互相合作,
12:33
many, many years before Copenhagen.
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而这些是很早就在哥本哈根气候大会之前发生的事。
12:35
In Copenhagen, four or five years ago,
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四五年前,
12:37
184 nations came together to explain to one another
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184个国家聚集在哥本哈根
12:41
why their sovereignty didn't permit them
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为自己辩解为什么他们的国家不允许他们
12:43
to deal with the grave, grave crisis of climate change,
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处理这一场日渐严峻的气候变化危机。
12:47
but the mayor of Copenhagen had invited
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3276
但是哥本哈根市长却邀请到了
12:51
200 mayors to attend.
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200位来自世界各地的市长参与会议。
12:52
They came, they stayed, and they found ways
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他们参加会议,共同商讨并最终找到
12:55
and are still finding ways to work together,
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并仍在寻找方法使城市间、
12:58
city-to-city, and through inter-city organizations.
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通过城际组织共同合作的道路。
13:02
Eighty percent of carbon emissions come from cities,
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80%的碳排放来自于城市,
13:06
which means cities are in a position
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1884
而这意味着城市正处于一个
13:08
to solve the carbon problem, or most of it,
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解决碳排放问题的关键位置。
13:11
whether or not the states of which they are a part
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无论这些城市是否来自于同一个国家,
13:14
make agreements with one another.
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他们达成协议。
13:16
And they are doing it.
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并且履行承诺。
13:17
Los Angeles cleaned up its port,
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2300
洛杉矶清理了它的港口
13:19
which was 40 percent of carbon emissions,
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2575
也就是说原40%的碳排放量
13:22
and as a result got rid of about 20 percent of carbon.
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3781
被减少为20%的碳排放量。
13:25
New York has a program to upgrade its old buildings,
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纽约同样有着一个翻新旧建筑物的项目,
13:28
make them better insulated in the winter,
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3184
使这些建筑可以在冬天隔绝冷风,
13:32
to not leak energy in the summer,
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1943
而减少夏天泄露室内的冷气的现象,
13:34
not leak air conditioning. That's having an impact.
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从而减少用电,减少碳排放量。
13:37
Bogota, where Mayor Mockus,
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哥伦比亚首都波哥大,前市长莫库斯 Antanas Mockus
13:38
when he was mayor, he introduced a transportation system
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4236
引进了一种可以节省能源、
13:43
that saved energy, that allowed surface buses
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4452
又让地面交通如地铁般高效的
13:47
to run in effect like subways,
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1535
通达地点多的
13:49
express buses with corridors.
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1916
公共交通系统。
13:51
It helped unemployment, because people could get across town,
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它帮助减少失业率因为人们能够在城市中自由穿行,
13:54
and it had a profound impact on climate as well as
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3856
并且对当地气候
13:58
many other things there.
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有了显著的改善。
13:59
Singapore, as it developed its high-rises
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2854
再如新加坡,一个拥有众多发达的高楼大厦
14:02
and its remarkable public housing,
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1705
和卓越的公共住房体系的国家,
14:03
also developed an island of parks,
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3493
也同样发展了公园岛屿政策,
14:07
and if you go there, you'll see how much of it
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1716
如果你有机会去到新加坡,你就可以看到
14:09
is green land and park land.
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1541
新加坡遍地是绿地和公园。
14:10
Cities are doing this, but not just one by one.
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城市们正在实践,但并不是一个接着一个的,
14:13
They are doing it together.
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而是合力共赢。
14:14
They are sharing what they do,
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3658
它们彼此分享经验,
14:18
and they are making a difference by shared best practices.
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而且他们通过分享让世界变得不同。
14:22
Bike shares, many of you have heard of it,
291
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1632
公用自行车,你们可能听说过,
14:23
started 20 or 30 years ago in Latin America.
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2303
大约二十至三十年前在拉丁美洲起源。
14:26
Now it's in hundreds of cities around the world.
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2344
而现如今已再全世界的数以千计的城市里有了这个项目。
14:28
Pedestrian zones, congestion fees,
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3291
行人专用区、交通拥挤费、
14:31
emission limits in cities like California cities have,
295
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3710
以及像加州城市有的碳排放限制条款,
14:35
there's lots and lots that cities can do
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2304
有很多是城市可以做的,
14:37
even when opaque, stubborn nations refuse to act.
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而不透明、固执的国家体制不愿意去做的。
14:47
So what's the bottom line here?
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那,我们的底线是什么?
14:51
The bottom line is, we still live politically
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3747
底线就是,我们依旧生活在政治性界线之下、
14:54
in a world of borders, a world of boundaries,
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2215
生活在领土界线之下、
14:57
a world of walls,
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1598
生活在高墙之下、
14:58
a world where states refuse to act together.
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6160
生活在国家拒绝共同合作努力的现实之下;
15:04
Yet we know that the reality we experience
303
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3793
但是我们却知道我们所经历的现实是
15:08
day to day is a world without borders,
304
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4197
世界正一天一天的变成一个没有界线的世界,
15:12
a world of diseases without borders
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2474
因为世界性流行病跨越了国界,
15:15
and doctors without borders,
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2300
所以医生们跨越了国界,
15:17
maladies sans frontières, Médecins Sans Frontières,
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4572
卫生组织跨越了国界;
15:22
of economics and technology without borders,
308
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6071
经济和技术跨越了国界;
15:28
of education without borders,
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2116
教育跨越了国界;
15:30
of terrorism and war without borders.
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3230
恐怖主义和战争跨越了国界;
15:33
That is the real world, and unless we find a way
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3214
而这就是真实的世界,
15:36
to globalize democracy or democratize globalization,
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5430
除非我们找到了一个方法去使民主全球化,
15:42
we will increasingly not only risk
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4368
我们将会不仅冒着无法解决国际问题的危险,
15:46
the failure to address all of these transnational problems,
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4081
并且冒着失去
15:50
but we will risk losing democracy itself,
315
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3719
民主的危险,
15:54
locked up in the old nation-state box,
316
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4626
被锁在一个旧的民族国家的牢笼里
15:59
unable to address global problems democratically.
317
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5693
无法民主地处理这些全球性的大问题,
16:04
So where does that leave us?
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2994
那我们处于一个何等的境地?
16:07
I'll tell you. The road to global democracy
319
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3011
让我来告诉你。通往全球民主之路,
16:10
doesn't run through states.
320
970842
1971
不会通过国家
16:12
It runs through cities.
321
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2562
而是通过城市。
16:15
Democracy was born in the ancient polis.
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4800
民主起源于古代城邦,
16:20
I believe it can be reborn in the global cosmopolis.
323
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5508
我相信它也可以在全球大都市中重生。
16:25
In that journey from polis to cosmopolis,
324
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3944
从古代城邦到现代大都市的旅程中,
16:29
we can rediscover the power
325
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2271
我们重新发现了全球层次的
16:31
of democracy on a global level.
326
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2123
民主的力量。
16:34
We can create not a League of Nations, which failed,
327
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4022
我们要创造的不是国家的联盟,因为它注定会失败。
16:38
but a League of Cities,
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1388
我们要创造的而是城市间的联盟,
16:39
not a United or a dis-United Nations,
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3112
不是联合或对抗的国家组合,
16:42
but United Cities of the World.
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2258
而是联合起来的全球的城市。
16:44
We can create a global parliament of mayors.
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4087
我们可以创立全球市长议会。
16:48
That's an idea. It's in my conception of the coming world,
332
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4096
这是一个新的议题,是我理想中的未来社会,
16:52
but it's also on the table in City Halls
333
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2682
也是在市政会议厅上迫在眉睫的议题,
16:55
in Seoul, Korea, in Amsterdam,
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2728
在韩国首尔、阿姆斯特丹、
16:58
in Hamburg, and in New York.
335
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2039
汉堡、纽约,
17:00
Mayors are considering that idea of how you can actually
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2858
市长们正正在考虑如何真正的组成一个
17:03
constitute a global parliament of mayors,
337
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3159
国际市长议会。
17:06
and I love that idea, because a parliament of mayors
338
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2880
我钟意这个创意,因为市长议会
17:09
is a parliament of citizens
339
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2146
也是市民议会,
17:11
and a parliament of citizens is a parliament of us,
340
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3895
市民议会就是我们的议会,
17:15
of you and of me.
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3131
是你,也是我的议会。
17:18
If ever there were citizens without borders,
342
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4790
如果有一个地方的市民是无国界的,
17:23
I think it's the citizens of TED
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2143
我想,那就是TED的市民,
17:25
who show the promise to be those citizens without borders.
344
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3191
是发誓成为无国界市民的TED人。
17:28
I am ready to reach out and embrace
345
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4930
我已经张开双臂去拥抱
17:33
a new global democracy,
346
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2326
一个全新的全球性民主,
17:35
to take back our democracy.
347
1055882
3099
去拿回属于我们的民主。
17:38
And the only question is,
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1058981
2138
唯一的问题是,
17:41
are you?
349
1061119
2059
你准备好了吗?
17:43
Thank you so much, my fellow citizens.
350
1063178
1983
谢谢,各位市民的聆听与关注。
17:45
(Applause)
351
1065161
11190
(掌声)
17:56
Thank you. (Applause)
352
1076351
3766
谢谢。 (掌声)
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