5 skin health myths to stop believing now | Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter

984,696 views ・ 2021-06-24

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Transcriber:
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We put a lot of importance into caring for our skin,
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翻译人员: 新 陈 校对人员: Carol Wang
我们非常重视对皮肤的护理,
00:02
which makes sense, since it's the first thing other people see.
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这并非没有道理,
毕竟人们一眼就会看到它。
00:06
Skin might also be one of the most misunderstood parts of our bodies,
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皮肤可能也是受误解最深的 身体部位之一,
00:10
so today, I'd like to run through some of the most common myths
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所以,今天我想简要谈谈
人们对皮肤最常见的几大误解。
00:14
we have about our skin.
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00:15
(Music)
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00:16
[Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter]
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[珍·冈特博士谈关于身体的那些事 ]
00:18
(Music)
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Myth number one – healthy skin is skin that looks flawless.
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误区一:健康的皮肤就是 看起来没有瑕疵的皮肤。
00:23
When we think of healthy skin,
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当我们想到健康的皮肤时,
00:25
we might think of a clear,
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可能会想到一个干净平坦的表面,
00:27
even surface that's radiant and devoid of blemishes.
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它光彩照人、毫无瑕疵。
但像心脏或肺一样, 皮肤是一个有生命的器官,
00:30
But skin is a living organ,
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00:31
just like the heart or lungs and just like any other organ,
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也如其他任何一个器官一样,
00:35
it's complex, serves many functions,
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它很复杂,有很多功能,
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and not just about what's going on at the surface.
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不能单就表面而论。
00:41
The epidermis is the outer layer we can see.
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表皮是我们能看到的外面那层构造,
00:44
It's made up of different cell types,
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它由不同类型的细胞组成,
00:45
including keratinocytes, which are replaced every four weeks.
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其中包括角质形成细胞, 这些细胞每四周更新一次。
00:49
As new cells grow at the base, old cells are pushed up
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新细胞在基底不断增殖时, 老化的细胞向上移动,
00:53
and form a harder layer that's difficult for water or microbes to cross.
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形成坚韧的角质层, 防止水分丧失和微生物入侵。
00:57
Our keratinocytes also synthesize vitamin D from the sun,
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角质形成细胞在阳光照射时 还能合成维生素 D,
01:00
which is vital for our health.
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这对我们的健康十分重要。
01:02
Other important cells in the epidermis include melanocytes,
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表皮层中的其他重要细胞 包括黑色素细胞,
01:06
which produce melanin or our skin pigment,
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它产生黑色素或皮肤色素,
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and Langerhans cells,
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以及郎格罕细胞,
01:09
which are like little security guards on patrol for pathogens.
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它们像巡逻的小小保镖, 防止抗原作祟。
01:13
The dermis, our skin's tough second layer,
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真皮是皮肤结构中的 第二层,它十分坚韧,
01:16
isn't as well known.
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却不像表皮那样为人们熟知。
01:17
It's a scaffold of collagen that's home to blood vessels,
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它主要由胶原蛋白构成的支架,
01:20
hair follicles and glands.
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内含血管、毛囊和腺体。
01:22
It's also packed with special nerve cells called sensory receptors
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真皮层遍布特殊的神经细胞, 被称为感受器,
01:27
that allow us to feel pressure, vibration, even pain,
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它们使我们能够感觉到 压力、振动甚至疼痛,
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some of which extend into the epidermis.
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其中一些会延伸到表皮层。
01:33
The dermis also helps regulate temperature.
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真皮层还可以帮我们调节温度。
01:36
If we're cold, our blood vessels contract to retain heat,
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如果我们感觉冷, 血管会收缩以保存热量;
01:39
and if we're hot, they expand to release it.
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而如果我们感觉热, 它们就会扩张以释放热量。
01:42
We're told to exfoliate and tone and condition our skin,
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别人告诉我们要用 滚轮按摩仪、精华液和激光
01:46
to use rollers and serums and lasers.
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去角质、调理和保养皮肤,
01:48
Some of that does work,
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其中一些方法确实有效,
01:50
especially for folks with specific skin conditions,
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特别是对那些皮肤状况 比较特殊的人更是如此,
01:53
but for normal to healthy skin,
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但如果我们的皮肤处于 正常到健康的状态,
01:55
we might be spending a lot of money on bunk products,
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就可能花很多冤枉钱购买劣质产品,
01:58
because healthy skin is simply skin that does its jobs.
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因为正常工作的皮肤 就是健康的皮肤。
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Myth number two – you only need sunscreen on sunny days.
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误区二:只需在晴天涂抹防晒霜。
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Ultraviolet rays from the sun are so strong,
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阳光中的紫外线非常强烈,
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they damage our cells' DNA.
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它们会损害我们细胞的基因。
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There are two types that affect the skin.
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有两种类型的紫外线会损伤皮肤:
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UVA rays penetrate the dermis,
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一是长波紫外线,它会穿透真皮层。
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damaging the collagen scaffold and accelerating aging.
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破坏其中的胶原蛋白成分 并加速皮肤老化;
02:20
UVB rays, meanwhile, cook the epidermis, causing sunburn.
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另一个是中波紫外线, 它会灼烧表皮,导致晒伤。
02:23
While our cells can repair that damage, it accumulates over time,
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虽然我们的细胞可自行修复损伤,
但是时间一长, 这种损伤会不断加深,
02:27
and for some people, it can lead to skin cancer.
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一些人会因此得皮肤癌。
02:30
Our skin has a defense system.
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我们的皮肤有一个防御系统,
02:32
When it's exposed to UV, our melanocytes release more melanin
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当皮肤暴露在紫外线下时, 黑色素细胞会释放更多黑色素,
02:36
and we get a tan.
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我们的皮肤会被晒黑。
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This process is actually our skin's way of showing it's been damaged,
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这一过程实际上是皮肤 在告诉我们它已经受到损伤,
02:42
and protecting itself from more.
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它正在采取措施 防止受到进一步的损伤。
02:44
So by wearing sunscreen with an SPF of 30, even when it’s cloudy,
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因此,即使是阴天, 你也要用 30 倍的防晒霜,
02:48
you’re protecting yourself from sunburn, early aging and skin cancer.
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以预防皮肤晒伤、早衰和皮肤癌。
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Just choose one that's broad spectrum.
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选择广谱防晒霜就可以了,
02:54
That means it's blocking UVA and UVB rays.
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广谱防晒霜可以阻挡 长波紫外线和中波紫外线。
02:58
Myth number three –
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误区三:
02:59
people with darker skin don't need sunscreen.
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皮肤较黑的人不需要防晒霜。
03:02
Most of us produce two types of melanin –
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我们大多数人都会产生 两种类型的黑色素——
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eumelanin, associated with richer, brown tones,
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与深色、棕色皮肤有关的真黑素
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and pheomelanin, associated with lighter skin and freckles.
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以及与浅色皮肤和雀斑 有关的棕黑色素。
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Our skin color depends on the ratio between those two types of melanin
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我们的皮肤颜色取决于 这两种黑色素的比例,
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and the density of pigment creating structures within our cells.
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以及在我们的细胞内 形成自身结构的色素的密度。
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It's true that having more melanin, specifically that first type,
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诚然,更多黑色素 特别是第一种类型的黑色素
03:22
does offer some protection from the sun,
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确实可以起到一些保护皮肤 免受太阳光线损伤的作用,
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depending on how dark our skin is,
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防护效果取决于我们的皮肤有多黑。
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we do have some natural SPF, but it's not nearly enough.
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我们的确有一些天然防晒机制, 但这还远远不够。
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We all need sunscreen to ward off damage.
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每个人都需要防晒霜来抵御伤害。
03:33
Black and Hispanic patients
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黑人和拉美裔患者,
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are also more likely to have skin cancer detected at advanced stages.
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发现皮肤癌时已是晚期的几率更高。
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Why? Because of the many ways that racism permeates medicine.
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为什么?因为种族主义 以多种方式渗透到医学领域。
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The majority of dermatologists are white,
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大多数皮肤科医生是白人,
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and we're trained to diagnose on white skin.
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他们接受的训练只告诉他们 如何对白色皮肤的状况进行诊断。
03:47
Meanwhile, people of color have heard this myth
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与此同时,有色人种经常听到的是
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of darker skin not being susceptible to skin cancer repeated.
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深色皮肤不容易 患皮肤癌的错误观点。
03:53
Black patients are also less likely to receive early screenings,
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黑人患者也较少接受 皮肤癌早期筛查,
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leading to the delayed diagnosis.
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到发现时为时已晚。
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One particular dangerous form of skin cancer,
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一种特别危险的皮肤癌
04:03
acral melanoma,
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—— 尖锐黑素瘤,
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doesn't even come from ultraviolet exposure,
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甚至都不是由紫外线照射引起的,
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and it shows up in parts of the body that we might not think about –
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它出现在我们可能 都不会想到的部位——
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nail beds and the bottoms of our feet.
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甲床和脚底。
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It's an area we need more messaging about,
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我们需要对这方面多加宣传,
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especially for people of color,
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特别是要向有色人种宣传,
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who experience higher levels of distrust toward doctors
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他们长年受到美国 医疗系统的不公正对待,
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after years of mistreatment by the American Medical System.
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对医生更加缺乏信任。
04:24
Myth number four – you can shrink your pores.
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误区四:你可以收缩毛孔。
04:27
Pores are the tiny openings in our skin.
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毛孔是我们皮肤上的微小开口,
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If you go further down, you'll find a hair follicle or gland.
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再往下就是毛囊或腺体。
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You can think of pores as ducts.
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你可以把毛孔看作是管道,
04:34
They're what let sweat cool you and oil lubricate your skin.
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它们排出汗液使你感到凉爽, 分泌油脂润滑你的皮肤。
04:38
Pore size is largely determined by genetics,
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毛孔的大小在很大程度上 是由基因决定的,
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and they don't really shrink,
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它们并不会真的收缩,
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but they can expand when our skin is irritated
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倒是会在皮肤受到化妆品
或刺激性产品的刺激时扩张。
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by makeup or harsh products.
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04:46
So save your money on pore minimizers and just wash your face
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因此,省下购买毛孔缩小用品的钱,
用皮肤科医生推荐的不会引起 粉刺的产品清洁面部就可以了——
04:50
with what dermatologists recommend as noncomedogenic –
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基本上就是那些 所含成分不会堵塞毛孔的产品。
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basically, made from stuff that won't clog pores.
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04:57
Myth number five – chocolate causes acne.
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误区五:吃巧克力会生粉刺。
05:01
Acne is the inflammation that occurs
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粉刺是
05:02
when our hair follicles get clogged with oil and dead skin,
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油脂和死皮堵塞毛囊
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allowing bacteria to overgrow.
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导致细菌滋长而引起的炎症,
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There are a lot of factors involved,
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引发粉刺的原因多种多样,
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from hormones to genetics.
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激素、遗传等等都有影响。
05:12
The link between acne and chocolate has been studied extensively,
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粉刺和巧克力之间的联系 已经被广泛研究,
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but the results are pretty trash.
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却没有一个结果 真正令人信服。
05:17
Studies that say chocolate is an acne aggravator
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声称巧克力会加重粉刺的研究 本就为数不多,
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tend to be small, so aren't conclusive,
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所以不足为信。
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and studies that absolve chocolate
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而那些为巧克力辩白的研究,
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are sometimes funded by chocolate makers.
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有时是由巧克力制造商资助的。
05:28
Studying diet and its effect on acne is complex,
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饮食及其与粉刺的关系 研究起来十分复杂,
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but the research suggests
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但研究表明,
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that the healthiest diet for your body overall
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对身体最健康的饮食
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could also be the healthiest diet for your skin.
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可能也是对你皮肤最健康的饮食。
05:38
Our skin is an amazing organ,
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我们的皮肤是一个神奇的器官,
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so let's remember to treat it right.
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切记不要随意对待它。
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Wear your sunscreen, keep an eye on any moles
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要涂抹防晒霜,留意身上的痣,
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and see a dermatologist if there are any changes.
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如果出现任何异常, 要去看皮肤科医生。
05:47
And ignore those myths, OK?
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不要理会那些错误的说法,好吗?
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