Daniel Libeskind's 17 words of architectural inspiration

121,702 views ・ 2009-07-01

TED


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翻译人员: Coco Shen 校对人员: Geoff Chen
00:12
I'll start with my favorite muse, Emily Dickinson,
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我的缪斯,美国女诗人艾蜜莉狄金森这么说
00:15
who said that wonder is not knowledge, neither is it ignorance.
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她说:奇想不是来自知识,也不是来自无知
00:19
It's something which is suspended
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而是一种悬念
00:21
between what we believe we can be,
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悬吊在在我们的自我认知
00:23
and a tradition we may have forgotten.
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和我们已经遗忘的传统中
00:25
And I think, when I listen to these incredible people here,
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从屋子里的这些出色的演讲中
00:28
I've been so inspired -- so many incredible ideas, so many visions.
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我得到了许多灵感,看到许多可能性
00:32
And yet, when I look at the environment outside,
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但是当我往外一看
00:36
you see how resistant architecture is to change.
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我们看到的建筑是多么死板
00:38
You see how resistant it is to those very ideas.
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多么抗拒这些新观点
00:41
We can think them out. We can create incredible things.
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我们创造了这些神奇的事物
00:44
And yet, at the end,
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但最终
00:46
it's so hard to change a wall.
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连改变一道墙都是这么困难。
00:48
We applaud the well-mannered box.
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我们赞同这些一板一眼的盒子
00:51
But to create a space that never existed is what interests me;
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但我只对创造那些前所未有的空间感兴趣
00:54
to create something that has never been,
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那些史无前例的
00:57
a space that we have never entered except in our minds and our spirits.
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那些只存在我们的心灵和想象中的空间
01:00
And I think that's really what architecture is based on.
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我认为那才是建筑的本质
01:03
Architecture is not based on concrete
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建筑不是建立在水泥
01:05
and steel and the elements of the soil.
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钢铁,和泥土
01:07
It's based on wonder.
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而是建立在奇想上。
01:09
And that wonder is really what has created the greatest cities,
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是奇想创建了伟大的城市
01:12
the greatest spaces that we have had.
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和伟大的空间。
01:14
And I think that is indeed what architecture is. It is a story.
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我认为建筑便是如此。建筑是一个故事
01:18
By the way, it is a story that is told through
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建筑是一个借着
01:21
its hard materials.
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实体来诉说的故事
01:23
But it is a story of effort and struggle
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它也是一个和不可能
01:25
against improbabilities.
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拔河及挣扎的故事。
01:27
If you think of the great buildings, of the cathedrals, of the temples,
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想想那些伟大的建筑,大教堂,庙宇
01:29
of the pyramids, of pagodas,
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金字塔,宝塔
01:31
of cities in India and beyond,
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印度的那些城市之类
01:34
you think of how incredible this is that that was realized
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这些不可思议的城市和建筑不是来自
01:37
not by some abstract idea, but by people.
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一个模糊的概念,而是人
01:40
So, anything that has been made can be unmade.
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所有建立的都能被重建
01:42
Anything that has been made can be made better.
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所有矗立的都能更完美
01:45
There it is: the things that I really believe
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这些是我认为对建筑来说
01:47
are of important architecture.
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真正重要的事。
01:49
These are the dimensions that I like to work with.
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我期待能在这些概念范围下创作
01:51
It's something very personal.
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这是非常个人的
01:53
It's not, perhaps, the dimensions appreciated by art critics
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这大概不是评论家会喜欢的概念
01:55
or architecture critics or city planners.
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建筑评论家,城市设计者大概也不苟同
01:57
But I think these are the necessary oxygen
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但我认为当我们生活在建筑里,城市里
02:00
for us to live in buildings, to live in cities,
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和公共空间有所联系时
02:02
to connect ourselves in a social space.
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它们就像空气一样必要。
02:05
And I therefore believe that optimism is what drives architecture forward.
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我认为乐观是建筑的推进力
02:08
It's the only profession where you have to believe in the future.
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建筑是唯一需要相信未来的专业
02:12
You can be a general, a politician, an economist who is depressed,
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你可以做一个悲观的将军、政治家、或是经济学者
02:16
a musician in a minor key, a painter in dark colors.
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一个忧郁的音乐家、一个阴暗的画家
02:19
But architecture is that complete ecstasy that the future can be better.
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但建筑师应该狂喜地期盼着美好未来
02:24
And it is that belief that I think drives society.
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我相信这就是社会进步的原因
02:27
And today we have a kind of evangelical pessimism all around us.
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今日我们被悲观的说法包围
02:30
And yet it is in times like this
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但就算在这样的时代
02:32
that I think architecture can thrive with big ideas,
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我仍然相信建筑可以为一个伟大的目的而奋斗
02:35
ideas that are not small. Think of the great cities.
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想想那些伟大的城市
02:38
Think of the Empire State Building, the Rockefeller Center.
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想想帝国大厦、或是洛克菲勒中心
02:40
They were built in times that were
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它们都是建立在
02:42
not really the best of times in a certain way.
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那些绝非最好的时机
02:44
And yet that energy and power of architecture
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但建筑的精神和力量
02:48
has driven an entire social and political space that these buildings occupy.
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领导着这些社会和政治
02:53
So again, I am a believer in the expressive.
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我也相信建筑是一种表现
02:55
I have never been a fan of the neutral.
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我从来不喜欢中立
02:58
I don't like neutrality in life, in anything.
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我不喜欢在人生,或任何事情中中立
03:00
I think expression.
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表现
03:02
And it's like espresso coffee, you know, you take the essence of the coffee.
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就像蒸馏咖啡,它汲取咖啡的精髓
03:04
That's what expression is.
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这就是表现。
03:06
It's been missing in much of the architecture,
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很多建筑都缺少这种精神
03:08
because we think architecture is the realm of the neutered,
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因为我们认为建筑是一个中立的领域
03:12
the realm of the kind of a state that has no opinion,
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一个没有看法的领域
03:16
that has no value.
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也没有价值观
03:18
And yet, I believe it is the expression --
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但我相信表现
03:20
expression of the city, expression of our own space --
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一个城市和个人空间的表现
03:23
that gives meaning to architecture.
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赋予建筑意义
03:25
And, of course, expressive spaces are not mute.
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那些表现空间不是哑的
03:28
Expressive spaces are not spaces
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表现空间不只是
03:30
that simply confirm what we already know.
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表达那些我们已经知道的事情
03:32
Expressive spaces may disturb us.
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表现空间可能会让我们不安
03:34
And I think that's also part of life.
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但我认为那也是生命中的一部分
03:36
Life is not just an anesthetic to make us smile,
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人生不应该只是麻木的微笑
03:39
but to reach out across the abyss of history,
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而是越过历史的深渊
03:42
to places we have never been,
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到一些未竟之地
03:44
and would have perhaps been, had we not been so lucky.
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如果我们不试,可能也无法到达的境地。
03:47
So again, radical versus conservative.
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激进和保守
03:50
Radical, what does it mean? It's something which is rooted,
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激进是什么意思?这是有根据的
03:53
and something which is rooted deep in a tradition.
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在建筑的传统里
03:55
And I think that is what architecture is, it's radical.
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我认为这就是建筑的意义,激进
03:58
It's not just a conservation in formaldehyde
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而不是一些死去的形态
04:00
of dead forms.
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安全地包装在传统里
04:02
It is actually a living connection
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它是一个活生生的
04:04
to the cosmic event that we are part of,
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与宇宙的关联性
04:07
and a story that is certainly ongoing.
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一个正在进行的故事
04:09
It's not something that has a good ending or a bad ending.
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不是一个好结局或是坏结局
04:12
It's actually a story in which our acts themselves
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而是我们正参与着的故事
04:15
are pushing the story in a particular way.
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我们的行为影响着故事
04:17
So again I am a believer in the radical architecture.
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我是个激进建筑的信徒
04:20
You know the Soviet architecture of that building
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你们都见过苏联的建筑
04:22
is the conservation.
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那就是传统
04:24
It's like the old Las Vegas used to be.
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那就像过去的拉斯韦加斯
04:26
It's about conserving emotions, conserving the traditions
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保存情绪,保存传统
04:29
that have obstructed the mind in moving forward
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阻碍我们的思想进步
04:31
and of course what is radical is to confront them.
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激进便是面对这些保守
04:34
And I think our architecture is a confrontation
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建筑便是以我们的知觉
04:36
with our own senses.
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去面对
04:38
Therefore I believe it should not be cool.
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所以我认为它不该是冷酷的
04:40
There is a lot of appreciation for the kind of cool architecture.
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许多人喜欢那种冷酷的建筑
04:44
I've always been an opponent of it. I think emotion is needed.
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我总是反对。我认为情绪是必须的
04:47
Life without emotion would really not be life.
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没有情绪的人生便不是人生
04:50
Even the mind is emotional.
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甚至我们的思想都是情绪化的
04:52
There is no reason which does not take a position
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没理由它不能出现在我们的伦理观
04:54
in the ethical sphere, in the philosophical mystery of what we are.
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或用以哲学地解释我们是谁
04:58
So I think emotion is a dimension
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我认为情绪是一个次元
05:01
that is important to introduce into city space, into city life.
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将它带进城市空间、城市生活非常重要
05:05
And of course, we are all about the struggle of emotions.
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我们都在情绪中挣扎
05:08
And I think that is what makes the world a wondrous place.
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我认为着也是世界神奇的地方
05:11
And of course, the confrontation of the cool, the unemotional with emotion,
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冷酷无感和情绪之间的对峙
05:15
is a conversation that I think
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便是一种城市
05:17
cities themselves have fostered.
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所兼容的对话。
05:19
I think that is the progress of cities.
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城市的进步
05:21
It's not only the forms of cities,
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不只是城市的形态
05:23
but the fact that they incarnate emotions,
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而是这些情绪的具体化
05:25
not just of those who build them,
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不只是那些盖这些建筑的人
05:27
but of those who live there as well.
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更是那些居民的情绪。
05:29
Inexplicable versus understood. You know, too often we want to understand everything.
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神秘,那些不言自明的。我们往往想了解所有事
05:32
But architecture is not the language of words.
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但建筑不是一种有文字的语言
05:35
It's a language. But it is not a language that can be reduced
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它是一个语言,但不是一种能被简化为
05:39
to a series of programmatic notes that we can verbally write.
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一些问题百出的文字的语言
05:42
Too many buildings that you see outside that are so banal
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外面有太多平庸的建筑
05:44
tell you a story, but the story is very short,
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它诉说故事,故事很短
05:47
which says, "We have no story to tell you."
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它说“我无话可说”
05:49
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
05:50
So the important thing actually,
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重要的是
05:52
is to introduce the actual architectural dimensions,
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带进一种难以言喻的
05:55
which might be totally inexplicable in words,
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建筑次元
05:58
because they operate in proportions,
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这语言是以比例、面积
06:01
in materials, in light.
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材质、光线组成的
06:03
They connect themselves into various sources,
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它们以不同元素组成
06:06
into a kind of complex vector matrix
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像一种复杂的矢量矩阵
06:08
that isn't really frontal
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它不是平铺直述
06:11
but is really embedded in the lives,
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但深入我们的生活
06:13
and in the history of a city, and of a people.
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与一个城市的历史,居民的历史
06:16
So again, the notion that a building should just be explicit
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那些认为建筑应该直截了当的想法
06:19
I think is a false notion,
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我认为是错误的
06:21
which has reduced architecture into banality.
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那只能把建筑简化为平庸
06:23
Hand versus the computer.
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手绘和电子计算
06:25
Of course, what would we be without computers?
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当然,今日谁能不用电子计算机呢?
06:27
Our whole practice depends on computing.
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我们依赖电子计算机来实践许多想法
06:29
But the computer should not just be the glove of the hand;
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但计算机应该像是手套
06:33
the hand should really be the driver of the computing power.
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手才是真正赐予计算机力量的东西
06:37
Because I believe that the hand
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因为我相信手
06:39
in all its primitive, in all its physiological obscurity,
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在它原始的、生理的难解下
06:44
has a source, though the source is unknown,
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仍然有种力量。虽然我们不知从何而来
06:47
though we don't have to be mystical about it.
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虽然我们不需要故作神秘
06:49
We realize that the hand has been given us
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我们知道手是由
06:52
by forces that are beyond our own autonomy.
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一种超越我们能力的力量所赐予
06:55
And I think when I draw drawings
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我用手描绘的时候
06:58
which may imitate the computer, but are not computer drawings --
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它有可能在模拟计算机,但它仍不同与计算机所绘
07:01
drawings that can come from sources
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它是来自于
07:03
that are completely not known, not normal, not seen,
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一种未见,未知,无解的力量
07:07
yet the hand -- and that's what I really, to all of you who are working --
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我想告诉在这个领域工作的你们
07:11
how can we make the computer respond to our hand
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如何让计算机根据手来描绘
07:15
rather than the hand responding to the computer.
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而不是手根据计算机来描绘
07:18
I think that's part of what the complexity of architecture is.
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我想这也是建筑复杂的一部分
07:22
Because certainly we have gotten used to the propaganda
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因为我们都太习惯于
07:26
that the simple is the good. But I don't believe it.
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简单为上的束缚啊。但我不这么想
07:28
Listening to all of you, the complexity of thought,
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听你们演讲,这些复杂的思考
07:31
the complexity of layers of meaning is overwhelming.
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这些意义的多重层次是惊人的
07:34
And I think we shouldn't shy away in architecture,
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我们不该在建筑上逃避
07:37
You know, brain surgery, atomic theory,
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脑科手术、原子论
07:40
genetics, economics
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遗传学、经济学
07:43
are complex complex fields.
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都是一些非常复杂的领域
07:45
There is no reason that architecture should shy away
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建筑不该逃避
07:47
and present this illusory world of the simple.
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去呈现一个虚假的简单世界
07:50
It is complex. Space is complex.
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世界是复杂的。空间是复杂的。
07:52
Space is something that folds out of itself into completely new worlds.
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空间将自己摺叠成一个新世界
07:56
And as wondrous as it is,
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它如此神奇
07:58
it cannot be reduced to a kind of simplification
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它不能被简化成那些
08:01
that we have often come to be admired.
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我们往往过分赞扬的作品。
08:03
And yet, our lives are complex.
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我们的生活是复杂的
08:05
Our emotions are complex.
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我们的情绪是复杂的
08:07
Our intellectual desires are complex.
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我们的智趣是复杂的
08:09
So I do believe that architecture as I see it
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我相信建筑应该反应那些
08:12
needs to mirror that complexity in every single space that we have,
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环绕我们的复杂
08:16
in every intimacy that we possess.
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在我们所有的亲密空间
08:18
Of course that means that architecture is political.
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这代表着建筑是政治的
08:21
The political is not an enemy of architecture.
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政治不是建筑的敌人
08:23
The politeama is the city. It's all of us together.
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政治是城市,是我们所有人
08:26
And I've always believed that the act of architecture,
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我往往相信建筑本身
08:28
even a private house, when somebody else will see it, is a political act,
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就算是私人住宅,当有人见到它,便成为一个政治行为
08:32
because it will be visible to others.
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因为他人也可以看见
08:34
And we live in a world which is connecting us more and more.
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住在一个彼此越来越有关联的世界
08:36
So again, the evasion of that sphere,
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逃避这个层面
08:40
which has been so endemic to that sort of pure architecture,
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而普遍的选择一种纯粹建筑
08:43
the autonomous architecture that is just an abstract object
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那种看上去像个抽象物件,出于自发的建筑,
08:45
has never appealed to me.
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我从来不感兴趣
08:47
And I do believe that this interaction
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我相信与历史产生的相互作用
08:50
with the history, with history that is often very difficult,
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和历史对话是困难的
08:54
to grapple with it, to create
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尝试掌握它,创造一个
08:56
a position that is beyond our normal expectations and to create a critique.
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超越一般预设的立场,成为一种评判
09:02
Because architecture is also the asking of questions.
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因为建筑不只是给答案
09:04
It's not only the giving of answers.
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同时也在发问
09:06
It's also, just like life, the asking of questions.
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像人生一样。
09:09
Therefore it is important that it be real.
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重要的是保持真实
09:11
You know we can simulate almost anything.
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今日我们几乎可以模拟所有东西
09:13
But the one thing that can be ever simulated
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但有一件事是永远不能模拟的
09:15
is the human heart, the human soul.
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便是人心,便是人的灵魂
09:18
And architecture is so closely intertwined with it
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建筑和它们息息相关
09:20
because we are born somewhere and we die somewhere.
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因为我们生于建筑,死于建筑
09:23
So the reality of architecture is visceral. It's not intellectual.
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真正的建筑出自内心,而不是来自学识
09:27
It's not something that comes to us from books and theories.
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不是来自书本或理论
09:30
It's the real that we touch -- the door, the window,
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是我们可触碰的真实,一扇门,一扇窗
09:34
the threshold, the bed --
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门槛,床
09:36
such prosaic objects. And yet,
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这些平凡的物件
09:38
I try, in every building, to take that virtual world,
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我在每个作品中尝试把这个
09:40
which is so enigmatic and so rich,
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深奥又多元的虚拟世界
09:43
and create something in the real world.
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带进真实世界中
09:45
Create a space for an office,
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创造一个办公环境
09:47
a space of sustainability
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一个永续空间
09:49
that really works between that virtuality
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存在于虚拟世界中
09:52
and yet can be realized as something real.
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也能在真实世界中存在
09:54
Unexpected versus habitual.
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意外和习惯
09:56
What is a habit? It's just a shackle for ourselves.
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习惯是什么?不过是一个束缚
09:59
It's a self-induced poison.
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拿来饮鸩止渴的毒药
10:01
So the unexpected is always unexpected.
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意外永远是意外
10:03
You know, it's true, the cathedrals, as unexpected,
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就像大教堂,它让人出乎意外
10:06
will always be unexpected.
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它永远让人意外
10:08
You know Frank Gehry's buildings, they will continue to be unexpected in the future.
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就像法蘭克蓋里的建筑,它们在未来也会继续出人意外
10:11
So not the habitual architecture that instills in us
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而不是那些我们早已习惯的建筑形态
10:14
the false sort of stability,
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以它们虚假的稳妥
10:16
but an architecture that is full of tension,
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而是一个充满张力的建筑,
10:19
an architecture that goes beyond itself
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一个超越自己的建筑
10:22
to reach a human soul and a human heart,
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它亲近人心和灵魂
10:24
and that breaks out of the shackles of habits.
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突破习惯的枷锁
10:27
And of course habits are enforced by architecture.
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建筑加强了我们的习惯
10:30
When we see the same kind of architecture
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当我们日复一日见到同样的建筑
10:32
we become immured in that world of those angles,
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我们习惯于从这个角度看世界
10:35
of those lights, of those materials.
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这些光线,这些材质
10:37
We think the world really looks like our buildings.
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我们开始相信世界就像我们看到的这些建筑一样
10:40
And yet our buildings are pretty much limited by the techniques and wonders
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但这些建筑却受限于创造者的
10:44
that have been part of them.
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技术和想象力
10:46
So again, the unexpected which is also the raw.
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意外也是原始
10:49
And I often think of the raw and the refined.
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我时常想到原始和精练
10:51
What is raw? The raw, I would say
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原始是什么?原始就是
10:53
is the naked experience, untouched by luxury,
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一种纯净的经验,不被奢华
10:56
untouched by expensive materials,
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和昂贵的材质影响
10:58
untouched by the kind of refinement
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不被那些高度文明
11:00
that we associate with high culture.
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所认同的那些精致影响。
11:03
So the rawness, I think, in space,
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空间里应用的原始
11:06
the fact that sustainability can actually, in the future
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就像在未来可以
11:09
translate into a raw space,
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把永续的概念变成原始空间
11:11
a space that isn't decorated,
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一个不经装饰的空间
11:13
a space that is not mannered in any source,
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一个不经矫饰的空间
11:16
but a space that might be cool in terms of its temperature,
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一个凉爽的空间
11:20
might be refractive to our desires.
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反应着我们所期望的。
11:23
A space that doesn't always follow us
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一个不会像一条训练良好的狗
11:26
like a dog that has been trained to follow us,
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一样跟随着我们的空间
11:29
but moves ahead into directions of demonstrating
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而是带领我们、示范着
11:32
other possibilities, other experiences,
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其它的可能性,其它的经验
11:34
that have never been part of the vocabulary of architecture.
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那些在建筑史上从未使用的字眼。
11:39
And of course that juxtaposition is of great interest to me
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交叉重叠也是我的兴趣
11:42
because it creates a kind of a spark of new energy.
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因为它创造一种新的能量
11:46
And so I do like something which is pointed, not blunt,
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我喜欢尖锐,而不是迟钝的
11:49
something which is focused on reality,
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那些专注于真实的
11:52
something that has the power, through its leverage,
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那些力量饱满的。借着它来影响
11:55
to transform even a very small space.
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就算只是一个小地方。
11:57
So architecture maybe is not so big, like science,
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或许建筑不像科学的影响力这么大
12:00
but through its focal point
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但借着这个焦点
12:03
it can leverage in an Archimedian way
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可以产生一种阿基米德式的杠杆效应
12:05
what we think the world is really about.
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改变我们对世界的看法
12:07
And often it takes just a building
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往往我们只需要一个建筑
12:09
to change our experience of what could be done, what has been done,
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来改变我们的经验法则:我们对历史和可能性的看法
12:13
how the world has remained both in between stability and instability.
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世界如何存在于稳定和震荡中
12:18
And of course buildings have their shapes.
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建筑都有它们各自的形态
12:21
Those shapes are difficult to change.
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这些形态是很难改变的
12:23
And yet, I do believe that in every social space,
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但我仍然相信在所有社会
12:25
in every public space,
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在所有公共空间里
12:27
there is a desire to communicate more
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都有一种想要沟通的欲望
12:29
than just that blunt thought, that blunt technique,
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而不是模糊的想法,模糊的技术
12:33
but something that pinpoints, and can point in various directions
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一些能够指出不同方向的
12:37
forward, backward, sideways and around.
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前进、后退、左右或环绕着
12:40
So that is indeed what is memory.
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这是一个共同的记忆
12:43
So I believe that my main interest is to memory.
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我相信我最大的兴趣便是记忆
12:47
Without memory we would be amnesiacs.
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没有记忆我们就成了失忆者
12:49
We would not know which way we were going,
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我们会忘记我们的前进的方向
12:51
and why we are going where we're going.
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以及我们选择这个方向的原因
12:53
So I've been never interested in the forgettable reuse,
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所以我对那些过目即忘的复制从来不感兴趣
12:58
rehashing of the same things over and over again,
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把那些做过的事反反复复地重新排列
13:01
which, of course, get accolades of critics.
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当然,它们能得到评论家的赞扬
13:03
Critics like the performance to be repeated again and again the same way.
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评论家总是喜欢那些一再重复的演出
13:07
But I rather play something
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但我宁可演奏一些
13:09
completely unheard of,
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前所未有的音符
13:11
and even with flaws,
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就算有瑕疵
13:13
than repeat the same thing over and over which has been hollowed
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也不要重复那些被反复演奏的乐章
13:15
by its meaninglessness.
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它们因毫无意义而空洞
13:17
So again, memory is the city, memory is the world.
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记忆组成城市,记忆组成世界
13:20
Without the memory there would be no story to tell.
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没有记忆,也就没有值得诉说的故事
13:22
There would be nowhere to turn.
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也无路可走
13:24
The memorable, I think, is really our world, what we think the world is.
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那值得记忆的,是我们的世界,我们对世界的观感
13:28
And it's not only our memory,
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那不只是我们的记忆
13:30
but those who remember us,
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更是那些记忆我们的人
13:33
which means that architecture is not mute.
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建筑不是沉默的
13:35
It's an art of communication.
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它是一门能够沟通的艺术
13:37
It tells a story. The story can reach into obscure desires.
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它诉说一个故事。故事深入我们模糊的欲望
13:41
It can reach into sources that are not explicitly available.
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深入那些平日接触不到的资源
13:44
It can reach into millennia
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深入那些被埋葬的
13:47
that have been buried,
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千年
13:49
and return them in a just and unexpected equity.
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让它们回到一个正确而平等的地位。
13:53
So again, I think the notion that
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我想,我从来不被
13:55
the best architecture is silent has never appealed to me.
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“最好的建筑是沉默的建筑”吸引
13:59
Silence maybe is good for a cemetery but not for a city.
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一个沉默的坟场是好的,但沉默的城市是不好的
14:02
Cities should be full of vibrations, full of sound, full of music.
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城市应该活跃,充满音乐和声音
14:05
And that indeed is the architectural mission
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这是一个建筑的任务
14:07
that I believe is important,
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我相信创造这样一个
14:09
is to create spaces that are vibrant,
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活跃的,多元的
14:11
that are pluralistic,
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空间
14:13
that can transform the most prosaic activities,
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能够把寻常的活动
14:16
and raise them to a completely different expectation.
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变得出乎意料
14:18
Create a shopping center, a swimming place
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把一个购物商场、一个游泳池
14:20
that is more like a museum than like entertainment.
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做得像娱乐场所、像博物馆
14:23
And these are our dreams.
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这是我们的梦想
14:25
And of course risk. I think architecture should be risky.
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我认为建筑应该冒险
14:29
You know it costs a lot of money and so on, but yes,
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这要花很多金钱和精力,当然
14:31
it should not play it safe.
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但不应该保守
14:33
It should not play it safe, because if it plays it safe
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我们不应该保守因为保守
14:36
it's not moving us in a direction that we want to be.
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不能带我们前进去我们想去的方向
14:40
And I think, of course,
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当然
14:42
risk is what underlies the world.
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冒险是世界的基础
14:44
World without risk would not be worth living.
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没有冒险的世界是不值得活的
14:47
So yes, I do believe that the risk we take in every building.
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是的,我相信在每一个建筑里冒的险都是值得的。
14:51
Risks to create spaces that have never been cantilevered to that extent.
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冒险去做那些从未悬吊的这样远的空间
14:55
Risks of spaces that have never been
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冒险去做一个前所未有的
14:57
so dizzying,
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迷人灿烂的
15:00
as they should be, for a pioneering city.
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像所有城市的先驱。
15:03
Risks that really move architecture
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那些真正让建筑进步的冒险
15:06
even with all its flaws, into a space which is much better
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就算有它的缺陷,还是好过
15:09
that the ever again repeated
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一直重复的
15:11
hollowness of a ready-made thing.
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空虚的现成品。
15:14
And of course that is finally what I believe architecture to be.
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这就是我所相信的,建筑的意义。
15:17
It's about space. It's not about fashion.
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空间,而不是时尚
15:19
It's not about decoration.
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也不是装潢
15:21
It's about creating with minimal means
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只是希望创造一些
15:23
something which can not be repeated,
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不能被重复的
15:26
cannot be simulated in any other sphere.
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不能在其它地方被模拟的。
15:28
And there of course is the space that we need to breathe,
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我们在那里可以呼吸
15:32
is the space we need to dream.
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可以梦想
15:34
These are the spaces that are
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这些空间
15:36
not just luxurious spaces for some of us,
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不只是一些人的奢侈享受
15:39
but are important for everybody in this world.
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而是对世上每个人都有重要性
15:41
So again, it's not about the changing fashions, changing theories.
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这无关时尚、或是改变理论
15:45
It's about carving out a space for trees.
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而是为树木创造一个空间
15:48
It's carving out a space where nature can enter
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在空间中创造一个能够迎接大自然的地方
15:50
the domestic world of a city.
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城市中的家居空间
15:52
A space where something which has never seen a light of day
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一个从未见光的空间
15:56
can enter into the inner workings of a density.
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可以进入城市的密度
16:00
And I think that is really the nature of architecture.
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这就是建筑的本质
16:04
Now I am a believer in democracy.
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我支持民主
16:06
I don't like beautiful buildings
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我不喜欢那些为极权国家
16:08
built for totalitarian regimes.
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所建造的美丽建筑。
16:10
Where people cannot speak, cannot vote, cannot do anything.
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人民不能自由发言,不能投票,什么也不能做
16:12
We too often admire those buildings. We think they are beautiful.
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我们太常赞扬那些建筑。我们认为它们很美丽
16:15
And yet when I think of the poverty of society
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但当我想到这些社会的贫穷
16:17
which doesn't give freedom to its people,
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它们无法还给人民自由的状况
16:19
I don't admire those buildings.
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我便无法赞扬这些建筑
16:21
So democracy, as difficult as it is, I believe in it.
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虽然民主并不容易,我仍然支持它。
16:23
And of course, at Ground Zero what else?
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911的归零地是一个很好的地标
16:26
It's such a complex project.
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这是一个很复杂的计划
16:28
It's emotional. There is so many interests.
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很多情绪。很多人感兴趣
16:30
It's political. There is so many parties to this project.
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它也很政治。许多人参与这个计划。
16:34
There is so many interests. There's money. There's political power.
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有金钱和权力参与其中
16:36
There are emotions of the victims.
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有受害者家属的情绪
16:38
And yet, in all its messiness, in all its difficulties,
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在这些困难和混乱中
16:42
I would not have liked somebody to say,
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我不希望有人说
16:44
"This is the tabula rasa, mister architect -- do whatever you want."
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“这是一张白纸,建筑师。自由发挥吧。”
16:47
I think nothing good will come out of that.
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我不认为这样能产出优秀的作品
16:49
I think architecture is about consensus.
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建筑是一种共识
16:51
And it is about the dirty word "compromise." Compromise is not bad.
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这都和“妥协”有关。其实妥协并不坏
16:55
Compromise, if it's artistic,
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妥协,如果那是艺术性的
16:57
if it is able to cope with its strategies --
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如果那和配合策略有关
17:00
and there is my first sketch and the last rendering --
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这是我的第一个草图,左边是手绘图
17:02
it's not that far away.
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两者相差不大
17:04
And yet, compromise, consensus,
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但,妥协,共识
17:06
that is what I believe in.
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是我的信念
17:08
And Ground Zero, despite all its difficulties, it's moving forward.
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归零地,无论过程多么困难,它正在推进
17:11
It's difficult. 2011, 2013. Freedom Tower, the memorial.
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这的确困难。2011,2013,自由塔,纪念馆
17:16
And that is where I end.
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我就说到这里。
17:18
I was inspired when I came here as an immigrant
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当我以移民身份像无数人一样坐船
17:20
on a ship like millions of others,
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来到这里的时候,这是我的灵感。
17:22
looking at America from that point of view.
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从这个角度看美国
17:25
This is America. This is liberty.
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这是美国。这是自由。
17:27
This is what we dream about. Its individuality,
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这就是我们的梦想。这是独立
17:29
demonstrated in the skyline. It's resilience.
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从地平线描绘出来的。这是弹性。
17:32
And finally, it's the freedom that America represents,
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这就是美国所代表的自由意义
17:34
not just to me, as an immigrant, but to everyone in the world. Thank you.
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不只是身为移民的我,还有世界上每个人。谢谢大家。
17:38
(Applause)
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(掌声)
17:43
Chris Anderson: I've got a question.
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Chris Anderson:我有一个问题
17:45
So have you come to peace
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所以你已经不再在意
17:47
with the process that happened at Ground Zero
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归零地的发展过程中所发生的一切吗
17:50
and the loss of the original, incredible design that you came up with?
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你不介意失去你原本出色的设计吗?
17:53
Daniel Libeskind: Look. We have to cure ourselves
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Daniel Libeskind:我们必须要超越
17:57
of the notion that we are authoritarian,
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我们自身的独裁
17:59
that we can determine everything that happens.
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告诉自己我们不可能控制每件事情
18:01
We have to rely on others, and shape the process in the best way possible.
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我们必须互相信赖,然后找出最好的解决方法
18:05
I came from the Bronx. I was taught not to be a loser,
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我来自纽约的布朗克斯。我被教导:别做失败者
18:08
not to be somebody who just gives up in a fight.
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不要做一个轻言放弃的人
18:10
You have to fight for what you believe. You don't always win
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你必须为你的信念奋斗,虽然你不会百战百胜
18:12
everything you want to win. But you can steer the process.
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但你可以影响这个过程
18:15
And I believe that what will be built at Ground Zero
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我相信归零地上的建筑
18:18
will be meaningful, will be inspiring,
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将会意义非凡,将会激励人心
18:21
will tell other generations of the sacrifices,
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并把这次事件的牺牲所带来的意义
18:23
of the meaning of this event.
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生生世世的传扬下去
18:25
Not just for New York, but for the world.
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不只是纽约,而是全世界。
18:27
Chris Anderson: Thank you so much, Daniel Libeskind.
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Chris Anderson:非常谢谢你。
18:29
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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