Daniel Libeskind's 17 words of architectural inspiration

121,976 views ใƒป 2009-07-01

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Nir Bibi
00:12
I'll start with my favorite muse, Emily Dickinson,
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ืืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ืžื•ื–ื” ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™, ืืžื™ืœื™ ื“ื™ืงื ืกื•ืŸ'
00:15
who said that wonder is not knowledge, neither is it ignorance.
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ืฉืืžืจื” ืฉืคืœื™ืื” ืื™ื ื” ื™ื“ืข, ื•ื’ื ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช.
00:19
It's something which is suspended
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ืืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืข,
00:21
between what we believe we can be,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
00:23
and a tradition we may have forgotten.
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืช ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืฉื›ื—ื ื•.
00:25
And I think, when I listen to these incredible people here,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื›ืืŸ,
00:28
I've been so inspired -- so many incredible ideas, so many visions.
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ืฉื–ื” ื›ื” ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืฉืจืื” -- ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืขื•ืฃ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
00:32
And yet, when I look at the environment outside,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืฅ,
00:36
you see how resistant architecture is to change.
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ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืžื” ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
00:38
You see how resistant it is to those very ideas.
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ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื•ืชื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง.
00:41
We can think them out. We can create incredible things.
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื. ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
00:44
And yet, at the end,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ,
00:46
it's so hard to change a wall.
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ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืงืฉื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืงื™ืจ.
00:48
We applaud the well-mannered box.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ื”ืžื ื•ืžืก.
00:51
But to create a space that never existed is what interests me;
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ;
00:54
to create something that has never been,
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื˜ืจื ื”ื™ื”,
00:57
a space that we have never entered except in our minds and our spirits.
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ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื›ื ืกื ื• ืืœื™ื• ืืœื ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื•.
01:00
And I think that's really what architecture is based on.
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ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื™, ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”.
01:03
Architecture is not based on concrete
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ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ
01:05
and steel and the elements of the soil.
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ื•ืคืœื“ื” ื•ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืจืงืข.
01:07
It's based on wonder.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืคืœื™ืื”.
01:09
And that wonder is really what has created the greatest cities,
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ื•ืคืœื™ืื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืจื” ืืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ื ืคืœืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:12
the greatest spaces that we have had.
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ื•ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœื™ื ื”ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•.
01:14
And I think that is indeed what architecture is. It is a story.
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ืืช ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
01:18
By the way, it is a story that is told through
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ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืžืกื•ืคืจ
01:21
its hard materials.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืงื™ื ืฉืœื”.
01:23
But it is a story of effort and struggle
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื”ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืืžืฅ ื•ืžืื‘ืง
01:25
against improbabilities.
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ื ื’ื“ ืื™-ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช.
01:27
If you think of the great buildings, of the cathedrals, of the temples,
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ืื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืขืœ ื”ืงืชื“ืจืœื•ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื,
01:29
of the pyramids, of pagodas,
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ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ื•ื“ื•ืช,
01:31
of cities in India and beyond,
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ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”,
01:34
you think of how incredible this is that that was realized
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ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืžื” ื‘ืœืชื™-ื™ืื•ืžื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื•ืžืฉื•
01:37
not by some abstract idea, but by people.
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ืœื ืข"ื™ ืื™ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืคืฉื˜, ืืœื ืข"ื™ ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื.
01:40
So, anything that has been made can be unmade.
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ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืจื•ืก.
01:42
Anything that has been made can be made better.
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ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:45
There it is: the things that I really believe
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ื”ืจื™ ืœื›ื: ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืืžื™ืŸ
01:47
are of important architecture.
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ืฉื”ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”.
01:49
These are the dimensions that I like to work with.
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื™ืชื.
01:51
It's something very personal.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืื™ืฉื™.
01:53
It's not, perhaps, the dimensions appreciated by art critics
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื”ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื ืฉืื•ืชื ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžื‘ืงืจื™ ืืžื ื•ืช,
01:55
or architecture critics or city planners.
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ืื• ืžื‘ืงืจื™ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืื• ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ืขืจื™ื.
01:57
But I think these are the necessary oxygen
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื—ืžืฆืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™
02:00
for us to live in buildings, to live in cities,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืจื™ื,
02:02
to connect ourselves in a social space.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™.
02:05
And I therefore believe that optimism is what drives architecture forward.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื“ื•ื—ืคืช ืืช ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
02:08
It's the only profession where you have to believe in the future.
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ื–ื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
02:12
You can be a general, a politician, an economist who is depressed,
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ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืจืœ, ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™, ื›ืœื›ืœืŸ ื‘ื“ื›ืื•ืŸ,
02:16
a musician in a minor key, a painter in dark colors.
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ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ ืฉืžื ื’ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ืœื ืžื™ื ื•ืจื™, ืฆื™ื™ืจ ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื›ื”ื™ื.
02:19
But architecture is that complete ecstasy that the future can be better.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืืงืกื˜ื–ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:24
And it is that belief that I think drives society.
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ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื™, ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื ื™ืขื” ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
02:27
And today we have a kind of evangelical pessimism all around us.
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื•ืจืจืช ืžื™ืŸ ืคืกื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื“ืชื™ืช.
02:30
And yet it is in times like this
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื›ืืœื”,
02:32
that I think architecture can thrive with big ideas,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืคืจื•ื— ืขื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
02:35
ideas that are not small. Think of the great cities.
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ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื. ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช.
02:38
Think of the Empire State Building, the Rockefeller Center.
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืืžืคื™ื™ืจ ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื’, ืžืจื›ื– ืจื•ืงืคืœืจ.
02:40
They were built in times that were
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ื”ื ื ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื
02:42
not really the best of times in a certain way.
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ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื.
02:44
And yet that energy and power of architecture
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”
02:48
has driven an entire social and political space that these buildings occupy.
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ื”ื ื™ืขื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื•ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืžืœืื™ื.
02:53
So again, I am a believer in the expressive.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืืงืกืคืจืกื™ื‘ื™.
02:55
I have never been a fan of the neutral.
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื ื™ื™ื˜ืจืœื™.
02:58
I don't like neutrality in life, in anything.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ ื ื™ื™ื˜ืจืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ.
03:00
I think expression.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืืงืกืคืจืกื™ื‘ื™.
03:02
And it's like espresso coffee, you know, you take the essence of the coffee.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืงืคื” ืืกืคืจืกื•: ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ืงืคื”.
03:04
That's what expression is.
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ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืืงืคืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
03:06
It's been missing in much of the architecture,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ืกืจ ื‘ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”.
03:08
because we think architecture is the realm of the neutered,
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ื›ื™ ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืชื—ื•ื ืžืกื•ืจืก,
03:12
the realm of the kind of a state that has no opinion,
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ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืจ-ื“ื™ืขื”,
03:16
that has no value.
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืขืจืš ืžืฉืœื•.
03:18
And yet, I believe it is the expression --
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ืืš ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืืงืกืคืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช--
03:20
expression of the city, expression of our own space --
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ื”ืืงืกืคืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื”ืืงืกืคืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืื™ืฉื™--
03:23
that gives meaning to architecture.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”.
03:25
And, of course, expressive spaces are not mute.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื—ืœืœื™ื ืืงืกืคืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืื™ืœืžื™ื.
03:28
Expressive spaces are not spaces
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ื—ืœืœื™ื ืืงืกืคืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื—ืœืœื™ื
03:30
that simply confirm what we already know.
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ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื ื•.
03:32
Expressive spaces may disturb us.
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ื—ืœืœื™ื ืืงืกืคืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื˜ืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชื ื•.
03:34
And I think that's also part of life.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื’ื ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
03:36
Life is not just an anesthetic to make us smile,
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืกื ื”ืจื“ืžื” ืฉืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ืš,
03:39
but to reach out across the abyss of history,
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ืืœื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืชื”ื•ื ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
03:42
to places we have never been,
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ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืืœื™ื”ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื’ืขื ื•,
03:44
and would have perhaps been, had we not been so lucky.
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื, ืื™ืœื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื” ื‘ืจื™-ืžื–ืœ.
03:47
So again, radical versus conservative.
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ืื– ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฉืžืจื ื™.
03:50
Radical, what does it mean? It's something which is rooted,
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ืžื” ืžืฉืžืข ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™? ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื•ืฉืจืฉ
03:53
and something which is rooted deep in a tradition.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื•ืฉืจืฉ ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช.
03:55
And I think that is what architecture is, it's radical.
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ื•ื–ื• ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”. ื”ื™ื ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ืช.
03:58
It's not just a conservation in formaldehyde
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ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืกืชื ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ืŸ
04:00
of dead forms.
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ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืžืชื•ืช.
04:02
It is actually a living connection
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืžืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื—ื™
04:04
to the cosmic event that we are part of,
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ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืงื•ืกืžื™ ืฉืื ื• ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื•,
04:07
and a story that is certainly ongoing.
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ื•ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ืœ ืขื•ื“ื ื• ื ืžืฉืš.
04:09
It's not something that has a good ending or a bad ending.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืขื ืกื•ืฃ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื• ืจืข.
04:12
It's actually a story in which our acts themselves
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืžืฉ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ืขืฆื ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
04:15
are pushing the story in a particular way.
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ื“ื•ื—ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื.
04:17
So again I am a believer in the radical architecture.
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ืื– ืฉื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ืช.
04:20
You know the Soviet architecture of that building
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ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
04:22
is the conservation.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ.
04:24
It's like the old Las Vegas used to be.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœืืก ื•ื’ืืก ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ืคืขื.
04:26
It's about conserving emotions, conserving the traditions
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ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช, ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช
04:29
that have obstructed the mind in moving forward
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ืฉื—ืกื ืืช ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”
04:31
and of course what is radical is to confront them.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืชืขืžืช ืื™ืชื.
04:34
And I think our architecture is a confrontation
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืžื•ืช
04:36
with our own senses.
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ืขื ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
04:38
Therefore I believe it should not be cool.
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ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื•ืขื”.
04:40
There is a lot of appreciation for the kind of cool architecture.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืจื’ื•ืข.
04:44
I've always been an opponent of it. I think emotion is needed.
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ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ืชื™ ืœื–ื”. ืœื“ืขืช ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืจื’ืฉ.
04:47
Life without emotion would really not be life.
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ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืจื’ืฉ ืื™ื ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
04:50
Even the mind is emotional.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืจื’ืฉื™ืช.
04:52
There is no reason which does not take a position
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ืื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื ื•ืงื˜ ืขืžื“ื”
04:54
in the ethical sphere, in the philosophical mystery of what we are.
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™, ื‘ืชืขืœื•ืžื” ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื•.
04:58
So I think emotion is a dimension
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืžื“
05:01
that is important to introduce into city space, into city life.
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ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™, ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
05:05
And of course, we are all about the struggle of emotions.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ืขื ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช.
05:08
And I think that is what makes the world a wondrous place.
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืคืœื.
05:11
And of course, the confrontation of the cool, the unemotional with emotion,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื’ื•ืข, ื—ืกืจ-ื”ืจื’ืฉ, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืฉ,
05:15
is a conversation that I think
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ื— ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ
05:17
cities themselves have fostered.
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ืฉื”ืขืจื™ื ืขืฆืžืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื—ื•.
05:19
I think that is the progress of cities.
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืžื›ืš ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื.
05:21
It's not only the forms of cities,
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ืœื ืจืง ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื
05:23
but the fact that they incarnate emotions,
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ืืœื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื’ืœืžื•ืช ืจื’ืฉื•ืช,
05:25
not just of those who build them,
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉืœ ืืœื” ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ,
05:27
but of those who live there as well.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืฉืœ ืืœื” ืฉื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ.
05:29
Inexplicable versus understood. You know, too often we want to understand everything.
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ื”ืœื-ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ืŸ. ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืœ.
05:32
But architecture is not the language of words.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื ื” ืฉืคื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื.
05:35
It's a language. But it is not a language that can be reduced
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ื–ื• ืฉืคื”. ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืฉืคื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืžืฆื
05:39
to a series of programmatic notes that we can verbally write.
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ืœืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ื•ื™ื ืžืชื•ื›ื ืชื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืžืœื™ื.
05:42
Too many buildings that you see outside that are so banal
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ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ื”ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืกืชืžื™ื™ื
05:44
tell you a story, but the story is very short,
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ื”ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื”ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืงืฆืจ ืžืื“,
05:47
which says, "We have no story to tell you."
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ื•ื”ื•ื, "ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืฉื•ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืœืกืคืจ ืœืš"
05:49
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
05:50
So the important thing actually,
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ืื– ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื
05:52
is to introduce the actual architectural dimensions,
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื,
05:55
which might be totally inexplicable in words,
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื ื‘ืžืœื™ื,
05:58
because they operate in proportions,
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ืช
06:01
in materials, in light.
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ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื, ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ.
06:03
They connect themselves into various sources,
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ื”ื ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ืœื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช,
06:06
into a kind of complex vector matrix
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ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืžืขื™ืŸ ืžื˜ืจื™ืฆื” ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช
06:08
that isn't really frontal
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ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืžืฉ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ืช
06:11
but is really embedded in the lives,
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ืืœื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื
06:13
and in the history of a city, and of a people.
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ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจ ื•ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
06:16
So again, the notion that a building should just be explicit
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ืื– ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืจืง ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจ
06:19
I think is a false notion,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืžื•ื˜ืขื”,
06:21
which has reduced architecture into banality.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ืจื“ืจ ืืช ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืœื›ืœืœ ืกืชืžื™ื•ืช.
06:23
Hand versus the computer.
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ื”ื™ื“ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘.
06:25
Of course, what would we be without computers?
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืคื” ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื?
06:27
Our whole practice depends on computing.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉืœื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
06:29
But the computer should not just be the glove of the hand;
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกืชื ื”ื›ืคืคื” ืฉืขืœ ื”ื™ื“;
06:33
the hand should really be the driver of the computing power.
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ื”ื™ื“ ื”ื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
06:37
Because I believe that the hand
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื“
06:39
in all its primitive, in all its physiological obscurity,
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ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”, ืขื ื”ืขืžื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœื”,
06:44
has a source, though the source is unknown,
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ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื“ื•ืข,
06:47
though we don't have to be mystical about it.
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ืื ื›ื™ ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืš ื‘ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช.
06:49
We realize that the hand has been given us
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ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื“ ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื ื•
06:52
by forces that are beyond our own autonomy.
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ืข"ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ื ืชื ื•.
06:55
And I think when I draw drawings
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ื™ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื
06:58
which may imitate the computer, but are not computer drawings --
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ืฉืžื—ืงื™ื ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื ืžืฆื•ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘--
07:01
drawings that can come from sources
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ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช
07:03
that are completely not known, not normal, not seen,
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ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืœืชื™-ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื, ื‘ืœืชื™-ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื, ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืจืื™ื,
07:07
yet the hand -- and that's what I really, to all of you who are working --
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื“-- ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช, ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื--
07:11
how can we make the computer respond to our hand
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื•
07:15
rather than the hand responding to the computer.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื“ ืชื’ื™ื‘ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘.
07:18
I think that's part of what the complexity of architecture is.
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ื”ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”.
07:22
Because certainly we have gotten used to the propaganda
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืชืจื’ืœื ื• ืœืชืขืžื•ืœื” ื”ืื•ืžืจืช
07:26
that the simple is the good. But I don't believe it.
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ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš.
07:28
Listening to all of you, the complexity of thought,
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ื›ืฉืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื, ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”,
07:31
the complexity of layers of meaning is overwhelming.
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ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื”ืžืžืช.
07:34
And I think we shouldn't shy away in architecture,
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืื™ื ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ื ืข ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”,
07:37
You know, brain surgery, atomic theory,
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ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ ืžื•ื—, ืชืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืื˜ื•ื,
07:40
genetics, economics
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ื’ื ื˜ื™ืงื”, ื›ืœื›ืœื”
07:43
are complex complex fields.
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ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:45
There is no reason that architecture should shy away
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ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืชืฆื˜ื ืข
07:47
and present this illusory world of the simple.
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ื•ืชืฆื™ื’ ืืฉืœื™ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜.
07:50
It is complex. Space is complex.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช. ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘.
07:52
Space is something that folds out of itself into completely new worlds.
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ืžืจื—ื‘ ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืคืจืฉ ืžืชื•ืš ืขืฆืžื• ืœืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™.
07:56
And as wondrous as it is,
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ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื›ื” ืžื•ืคืœื,
07:58
it cannot be reduced to a kind of simplification
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ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื–ื” ืœืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืกื•ื’
08:01
that we have often come to be admired.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืขืจื™ืฆื™ื.
08:03
And yet, our lives are complex.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืจื™ ื’ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื.
08:05
Our emotions are complex.
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ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื.
08:07
Our intellectual desires are complex.
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ืฉืื™ืคื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช.
08:09
So I do believe that architecture as I see it
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ื›ืš ืฉืœื“ืขืชื™, ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื”
08:12
needs to mirror that complexity in every single space that we have,
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืฉืงืฃ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•,
08:16
in every intimacy that we possess.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•.
08:18
Of course that means that architecture is political.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช.
08:21
The political is not an enemy of architecture.
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ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื™ื ื ื• ืขื•ื™ืŸ ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”.
08:23
The politeama is the city. It's all of us together.
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ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ืžื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจ. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
08:26
And I've always believed that the act of architecture,
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ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืืžื ืชื™ ืฉืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”,
08:28
even a private house, when somebody else will see it, is a political act,
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ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืคืจื˜ื™, ื›ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ื–ื” ืืงื˜ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™,
08:32
because it will be visible to others.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืจืื” ืข"ื™ ืื—ืจื™ื.
08:34
And we live in a world which is connecting us more and more.
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ื•ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“.
08:36
So again, the evasion of that sphere,
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ืœื›ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื—ืžืงืžืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื”,
08:40
which has been so endemic to that sort of pure architecture,
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ื–ื•,
08:43
the autonomous architecture that is just an abstract object
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ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ืื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ ื‘ืœื‘ื“
08:45
has never appealed to me.
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืžืฉื›ื” ืื•ืชื™.
08:47
And I do believe that this interaction
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช
08:50
with the history, with history that is often very difficult,
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ืขื ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ืขื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืื“ ืงืฉื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช,
08:54
to grapple with it, to create
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ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืฉืฉ ืขื™ืžื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
08:56
a position that is beyond our normal expectations and to create a critique.
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ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช.
09:02
Because architecture is also the asking of questions.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื”ืฆื’ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
09:04
It's not only the giving of answers.
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ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื” ืจืง ืžืชืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช.
09:06
It's also, just like life, the asking of questions.
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ืืœื ื’ื, ื›ืžื• ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืฆืžื, ื”ืฆื’ืช ืฉืืœื•ืช.
09:09
Therefore it is important that it be real.
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ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
09:11
You know we can simulate almost anything.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ื›ืœ.
09:13
But the one thing that can be ever simulated
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ืืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืงื•ืช
09:15
is the human heart, the human soul.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™, ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
09:18
And architecture is so closely intertwined with it
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ื•ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื•ืฉื–ื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืš
09:20
because we are born somewhere and we die somewhere.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืžืชื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื.
09:23
So the reality of architecture is visceral. It's not intellectual.
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ื›ืš ืฉืžืžืฉื•ืช ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช. ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™.
09:27
It's not something that comes to us from books and theories.
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ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื•ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
09:30
It's the real that we touch -- the door, the window,
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ื–ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื-- ื”ื“ืœืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ,
09:34
the threshold, the bed --
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ืžืคืชืŸ ื”ื“ืœืช, ื”ืžื™ื˜ื”--
09:36
such prosaic objects. And yet,
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ืขืฆืžื™ื ื›ื” ืฉื’ืจืชื™ื™ื. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช,
09:38
I try, in every building, to take that virtual world,
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ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ ื”ื–ื”,
09:40
which is so enigmatic and so rich,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื” ื—ื™ื“ืชื™ ื•ื›ื” ืขืฉื™ืจ,
09:43
and create something in the real world.
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ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™.
09:45
Create a space for an office,
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื“,
09:47
a space of sustainability
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ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช
09:49
that really works between that virtuality
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ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืขืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื•ืชื” ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช
09:52
and yet can be realized as something real.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืชืคืก ื›ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืžืฉื™.
09:54
Unexpected versus habitual.
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ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืžื•ืจื’ืœ.
09:56
What is a habit? It's just a shackle for ourselves.
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ืžื”ื• ื”ืจื’ืœ? ืืœื• ื›ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื›ื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•.
09:59
It's a self-induced poison.
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ื–ื”ื• ืจืขืœ ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื•.
10:01
So the unexpected is always unexpected.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ืฆืคื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืœืชื™-ืฆืคื•ื™.
10:03
You know, it's true, the cathedrals, as unexpected,
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืงืชื“ืจืœื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื-ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช,
10:06
will always be unexpected.
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ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื-ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช.
10:08
You know Frank Gehry's buildings, they will continue to be unexpected in the future.
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ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืจื ืง ื’ืจื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื-ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื.
10:11
So not the habitual architecture that instills in us
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ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื—ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ื ื•
10:14
the false sort of stability,
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ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคืช,
10:16
but an architecture that is full of tension,
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ืืœื ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืœืืช-ืžืชื—ื™ื,
10:19
an architecture that goes beyond itself
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ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื”
10:22
to reach a human soul and a human heart,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื ืฉืžืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืืœ ืœื‘ ื”ืื“ื,
10:24
and that breaks out of the shackles of habits.
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ื•ืืฉืจ ืžื ืชืฆืช ืืช ื›ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ืจื’ืœ.
10:27
And of course habits are enforced by architecture.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืคื” ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื.
10:30
When we see the same kind of architecture
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ื•ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื‘ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื–ื”ื”
10:32
we become immured in that world of those angles,
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ืื ื• ื ื›ืœืื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื–ื•ื™ื•ืช,
10:35
of those lights, of those materials.
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ืื•ืชื” ืชืื•ืจื”, ืื•ืชื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื.
10:37
We think the world really looks like our buildings.
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ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
10:40
And yet our buildings are pretty much limited by the techniques and wonders
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืœื™ืื”
10:44
that have been part of them.
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื.
10:46
So again, the unexpected which is also the raw.
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ืื– ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ืฆืคื•ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™.
10:49
And I often think of the raw and the refined.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ื•ื”ืžืขื•ื“ืŸ.
10:51
What is raw? The raw, I would say
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ืžื”ื• ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™? ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™
10:53
is the naked experience, untouched by luxury,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืจื•ืžื” ืœืœื ื”ื•ื›ืชืžื” ื‘ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช,
10:56
untouched by expensive materials,
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ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื›ืชืžื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื,
10:58
untouched by the kind of refinement
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ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื›ืชืžื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืกื•ื’ ืขื™ื“ื•ืŸ
11:00
that we associate with high culture.
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ืฉืื ื• ืžืงืฉืจื™ื ืขื ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื ืขืœื”.
11:03
So the rawness, I think, in space,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื™, ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘,
11:06
the fact that sustainability can actually, in the future
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืชื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“
11:09
translate into a raw space,
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ืœื”ื™ืชืจื’ื ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ื’ื•ืœืžื™,
11:11
a space that isn't decorated,
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ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžืงื•ืฉื˜,
11:13
a space that is not mannered in any source,
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ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื›ืชื ื‘ื’ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•,
11:16
but a space that might be cool in terms of its temperature,
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ืืœื ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆื•ื ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื•,
11:20
might be refractive to our desires.
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ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉืงืฃ ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื•.
11:23
A space that doesn't always follow us
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ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžืชืœื•ื•ื” ืืœื™ื ื•
11:26
like a dog that has been trained to follow us,
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืื•ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื›ืš,
11:29
but moves ahead into directions of demonstrating
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ืืœื ื ืข ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืžื—ื™ืฉื™ื
11:32
other possibilities, other experiences,
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ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
11:34
that have never been part of the vocabulary of architecture.
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ืฉื˜ืจื ื”ื™ื• ื—ืœืง ืžืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”.
11:39
And of course that juxtaposition is of great interest to me
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ื•ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื–ื•
11:42
because it creates a kind of a spark of new energy.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”.
11:46
And so I do like something which is pointed, not blunt,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ื™ื, ื•ืœื ืงื”ื™ื.
11:49
something which is focused on reality,
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืชืžืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช,
11:52
something that has the power, through its leverage,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื”ื›ื•ื—, ืื ืžืžื ืคื™ื ืื•ืชื,
11:55
to transform even a very small space.
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ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืจื—ื‘ ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื“.
11:57
So architecture maybe is not so big, like science,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื“ืข,
12:00
but through its focal point
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ ืฉืœื”
12:03
it can leverage in an Archimedian way
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ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื” ืœืžื ืฃ ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืืจื›ื™ืžื“ื™
12:05
what we think the world is really about.
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ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
12:07
And often it takes just a building
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ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืจืง ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ
12:09
to change our experience of what could be done, what has been done,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื•ืžื” ืฉื ืขืฉื”,
12:13
how the world has remained both in between stability and instability.
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ-ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืื—ื“.
12:18
And of course buildings have their shapes.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช.
12:21
Those shapes are difficult to change.
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ืงืฉื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืืœื”.
12:23
And yet, I do believe that in every social space,
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ืืš ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™,
12:25
in every public space,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™,
12:27
there is a desire to communicate more
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ื™ืฉ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืฉื“ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ
12:29
than just that blunt thought, that blunt technique,
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ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื’ืกื”, ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ื”ื’ืกื”,
12:33
but something that pinpoints, and can point in various directions
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ืืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืฆื‘ื™ืข, ื•ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
12:37
forward, backward, sideways and around.
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ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ืื—ื•ืจื”, ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘.
12:40
So that is indeed what is memory.
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ื•ื›ืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืชื ื”ื’ ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ.
12:43
So I believe that my main interest is to memory.
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ.
12:47
Without memory we would be amnesiacs.
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ื‘ืœื™ ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืœื™-ืฉื›ื—ื”.
12:49
We would not know which way we were going,
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ืœื ื ื“ืข ืœืืŸ ืคื ื™ื ื• ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืช,
12:51
and why we are going where we're going.
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ืื• ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืฉื.
12:53
So I've been never interested in the forgettable reuse,
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ืื– ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ื–ื ื™ื—,
12:58
rehashing of the same things over and over again,
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ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
13:01
which, of course, get accolades of critics.
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ืฉื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืฉื‘ื—ื™ ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื.
13:03
Critics like the performance to be repeated again and again the same way.
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ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฆื•ืจื”.
13:07
But I rather play something
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ืื ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื ื’ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื•
13:09
completely unheard of,
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ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืฉืžืข ืœืคื ื™-ื›ืŸ,
13:11
and even with flaws,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช,
13:13
than repeat the same thing over and over which has been hollowed
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ืžืืฉืจ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ืชืจื•ืงืŸ ืžืชื•ื›ื ื•
13:15
by its meaninglessness.
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ื•ืžืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื•.
13:17
So again, memory is the city, memory is the world.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื.
13:20
Without the memory there would be no story to tell.
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ืœืœื ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
13:22
There would be nowhere to turn.
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ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืืŸ ืœืคื ื•ืช.
13:24
The memorable, I think, is really our world, what we think the world is.
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ื”ืจืื•ื™-ืœื”ื™ื–ื›ืจ, ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืขื•ืœืžื ื• ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ื•.
13:28
And it's not only our memory,
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ื•ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•,
13:30
but those who remember us,
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ืืœื ื‘ืืœื” ืฉื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•,
13:33
which means that architecture is not mute.
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ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื ื” ืื™ืœืžืช.
13:35
It's an art of communication.
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ื–ื• ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.
13:37
It tells a story. The story can reach into obscure desires.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ. ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจืคืœื™ื,
13:41
It can reach into sources that are not explicitly available.
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ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ.
13:44
It can reach into millennia
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ืœื”ืฉืชืจืข ืขืœ ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื
13:47
that have been buried,
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ืฉื ืงื‘ืจื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ,
13:49
and return them in a just and unexpected equity.
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ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ื•ื‘ืœืชื™-ืฆืคื•ื™.
13:53
So again, I think the notion that
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ืื– ืฉื•ื‘, ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
13:55
the best architecture is silent has never appealed to me.
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ืฉื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืžืžืช, ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืžืฉืš ืื•ืชื™.
13:59
Silence maybe is good for a cemetery but not for a city.
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ื”ื“ืžืžื” ืื•ืœื™ ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงื‘ืจื•ืช, ืืš ืœื ืœืขื™ืจ.
14:02
Cities should be full of vibrations, full of sound, full of music.
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ืขืจื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืœืื•ืช ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื”, ื‘ืฆืœื™ืœ, ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”.
14:05
And that indeed is the architectural mission
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ื•ื–ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”
14:07
that I believe is important,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”,
14:09
is to create spaces that are vibrant,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืžืœืื™-ื—ื™ื™ื,
14:11
that are pluralistic,
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ืคืœื•ืจืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื,
14:13
that can transform the most prosaic activities,
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ืฉื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืกืชืžื™ื•ืช,
14:16
and raise them to a completely different expectation.
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ื•ืœื”ืขืœื•ืชืŸ ืœืจืžืช-ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
14:18
Create a shopping center, a swimming place
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื ื™ื•ืŸ, ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื—ื™ื”
14:20
that is more like a museum than like entertainment.
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ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืžืืฉืจ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจื™.
14:23
And these are our dreams.
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ื•ื™ืฉื ื ื’ื ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
14:25
And of course risk. I think architecture should be risky.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ. ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืกืชื›ืŸ.
14:29
You know it costs a lot of money and so on, but yes,
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”, ืื‘ืœ, ื›ืŸ,
14:31
it should not play it safe.
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ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—.
14:33
It should not play it safe, because if it plays it safe
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ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืœื›ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—, ื›ื™ ืื ื”ื™ื ื›ื–ื•,
14:36
it's not moving us in a direction that we want to be.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ืชื ื™ืข ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœื ื•.
14:40
And I think, of course,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
14:42
risk is what underlies the world.
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ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
14:44
World without risk would not be worth living.
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ืขื•ืœื ืœืœื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•.
14:47
So yes, I do believe that the risk we take in every building.
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ืื– ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
14:51
Risks to create spaces that have never been cantilevered to that extent.
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ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื—ืœืœื™ื ืฉื˜ืจื ื ื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ืชืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”.
14:55
Risks of spaces that have never been
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ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ืœืœื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื•
14:57
so dizzying,
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ื›ื” ืžืกื—ืจืจื™ื,
15:00
as they should be, for a pioneering city.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืช.
15:03
Risks that really move architecture
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ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”
15:06
even with all its flaws, into a space which is much better
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื’ืžื™ื”, ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”
15:09
that the ever again repeated
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ืžืืฉืจ ื–ื” ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืขื“ ืื™ื ืกื•ืฃ
15:11
hollowness of a ready-made thing.
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ื”ืขื“ืจ-ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื•ื›ืŸ.
15:14
And of course that is finally what I believe architecture to be.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื–ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื.
15:17
It's about space. It's not about fashion.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืคื ื”.
15:19
It's not about decoration.
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ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜.
15:21
It's about creating with minimal means
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ืืœื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื
15:23
something which can not be repeated,
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื•,
15:26
cannot be simulated in any other sphere.
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ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืงื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ืื—ืจ.
15:28
And there of course is the space that we need to breathe,
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ื•ื›ืžื‘ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื ื• ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ื• ืœื ืฉื™ืžื”,
15:32
is the space we need to dream.
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ื”ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื.
15:34
These are the spaces that are
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื
15:36
not just luxurious spaces for some of us,
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ืฉืื™ื ื ืจืง ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืœืงื ื•,
15:39
but are important for everybody in this world.
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ืืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”.
15:41
So again, it's not about the changing fashions, changing theories.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืœืคืชื•.
15:45
It's about carving out a space for trees.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื—ืœืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆื™ื.
15:48
It's carving out a space where nature can enter
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื—ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื™ื— ืœื˜ื‘ืข ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก
15:50
the domestic world of a city.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
15:52
A space where something which has never seen a light of day
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ื—ืœืœ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื˜ืจื ืจืื” ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื
15:56
can enter into the inner workings of a density.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื“ื•ืจ ืœืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื“ื—ื™ืกื•ืช.
16:00
And I think that is really the nature of architecture.
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”.
16:04
Now I am a believer in democracy.
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”.
16:06
I don't like beautiful buildings
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื™ืคื™ื
16:08
built for totalitarian regimes.
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ืฉื ื‘ื ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉื˜ืจื™ ืขืจื™ืฆื•ืช.
16:10
Where people cannot speak, cannot vote, cannot do anything.
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ, ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ.
16:12
We too often admire those buildings. We think they are beautiful.
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ืื ื• ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืฅ ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืืœื”, ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ืคื™ื.
16:15
And yet when I think of the poverty of society
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ืืš ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื”
16:17
which doesn't give freedom to its people,
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ืฉืœื ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื”,
16:19
I don't admire those buildings.
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ืื™ื ื ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืฅ ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืืœื”.
16:21
So democracy, as difficult as it is, I believe in it.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืงืฉื™ื™ื”.
16:23
And of course, at Ground Zero what else?
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื‘"ื’ืจืื•ื ื“ ื–ื™ืจื•", ืืœื ืžื”?
16:26
It's such a complex project.
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ื–ื” ืžื™ื–ื ื›ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘.
16:28
It's emotional. There is so many interests.
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ื–ื” ืจื’ืฉื™. ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื.
16:30
It's political. There is so many parties to this project.
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ื–ื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™. ื™ืฉ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื›ื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื–ื ื”ื–ื”.
16:34
There is so many interests. There's money. There's political power.
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ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื›ื” ืจื‘ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ื›ืกืฃ. ื™ืฉ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช.
16:36
There are emotions of the victims.
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ื™ืฉื ื ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช.
16:38
And yet, in all its messiness, in all its difficulties,
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ื•ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืœื’ืŸ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื,
16:42
I would not have liked somebody to say,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื’ื™ื“,
16:44
"This is the tabula rasa, mister architect -- do whatever you want."
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"ื–ืืช ื˜ื‘ื•ืœื” ืจืืกื”, ืื“ื•ืŸ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ-- ืชืขืฉื” ืžื” ืฉื‘ื ืœืš."
16:47
I think nothing good will come out of that.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ื™ืฆื ืžื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื˜ื•ื‘.
16:49
I think architecture is about consensus.
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืงื•ื ืฆื ื–ื•ืก.
16:51
And it is about the dirty word "compromise." Compromise is not bad.
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ื•ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื’ืกื” ื”ื–ื•, "ืคืฉืจื”." ื”ืคืฉืจื” ืื™ื ื ื” ืจืขื”.
16:55
Compromise, if it's artistic,
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ืื ื”ืคืฉืจื” ืืžื ื•ืชื™ืช,
16:57
if it is able to cope with its strategies --
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ืื ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”--
17:00
and there is my first sketch and the last rendering --
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืชืจืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื•ื”ืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜ ื”ื’ืžื•ืจ
17:02
it's not that far away.
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ื”ื ืœื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืื“ ื–ื” ืžื–ื”.
17:04
And yet, compromise, consensus,
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ืคืฉืจื”, ืงื•ื ืฆื ื–ื•ืก,
17:06
that is what I believe in.
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ื‘ื›ืš ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ.
17:08
And Ground Zero, despite all its difficulties, it's moving forward.
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ื•"ื’ืจืื•ื ื“ ื–ื™ืจื•", ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื, ืžืชืงื“ื.
17:11
It's difficult. 2011, 2013. Freedom Tower, the memorial.
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ื–ื” ืงืฉื”. 2011, 2013. ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ, ืืชืจ ื”ื”ื ืฆื—ื”.
17:16
And that is where I end.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ืืกื™ื™ื.
17:18
I was inspired when I came here as an immigrant
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ื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืฉืจืื” ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœื›ืืŸ ื›ืžื”ื’ืจ
17:20
on a ship like millions of others,
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ื‘ืกืคื™ื ื”, ื›ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
17:22
looking at America from that point of view.
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ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืžืื•ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ืช-ืžื‘ื˜.
17:25
This is America. This is liberty.
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ื–ืืช ืืžืจื™ืงื”. ื–ื”ื• ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ.
17:27
This is what we dream about. Its individuality,
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ืขืœ ื–ื” ื—ืœืžื ื•. ื–ืืช ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช,
17:29
demonstrated in the skyline. It's resilience.
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ื”ืžื•ืคื’ื ืช ื‘ืงื•-ื”ืจืงื™ืข. ื–ื• ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช.
17:32
And finally, it's the freedom that America represents,
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื–ื”ื• ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืฉืืžืจื™ืงื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช,
17:34
not just to me, as an immigrant, but to everyone in the world. Thank you.
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ืœื ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ื›ืžื”ื’ืจ, ืืœื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
17:38
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
17:43
Chris Anderson: I've got a question.
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉืืœื”.
17:45
So have you come to peace
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ื”ืื ื”ืฉืœืžืช
17:47
with the process that happened at Ground Zero
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ืขื ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘"ื’ืจืื•ื ื“ ื–ื™ืจื•"
17:50
and the loss of the original, incredible design that you came up with?
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ื•ืขื ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืฉืœืš?
17:53
Daniel Libeskind: Look. We have to cure ourselves
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ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืœื™ื‘ืกืงื™ื ื“: ื”ื‘ื˜, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืจืคื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•
17:57
of the notion that we are authoritarian,
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ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืกืžื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš
17:59
that we can determine everything that happens.
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ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”.
18:01
We have to rely on others, and shape the process in the best way possible.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืืคืฉืจ.
18:05
I came from the Bronx. I was taught not to be a loser,
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ื‘ืืชื™ ืžื‘ืจื•ื ืงืก. ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืคืกื™ื“ืŸ,
18:08
not to be somebody who just gives up in a fight.
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ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื•ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘.
18:10
You have to fight for what you believe. You don't always win
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื•. ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื
18:12
everything you want to win. But you can steer the process.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื ืฆื—. ืื‘ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš.
18:15
And I believe that what will be built at Ground Zero
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืžื” ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘"ื’ืจื•ืื ื“ ื–ื™ืจื•"
18:18
will be meaningful, will be inspiring,
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืฉืจืื”,
18:21
will tell other generations of the sacrifices,
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ื™ืกืคืจ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืงืจื‘ื”,
18:23
of the meaning of this event.
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ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืจืข.
18:25
Not just for New York, but for the world.
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ืœื ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง, ืืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
18:27
Chris Anderson: Thank you so much, Daniel Libeskind.
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ื›"ื: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืš, ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืœื™ื‘ืกืงื™ื ื“.
18:29
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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