Daniel Libeskind's 17 words of architectural inspiration

122,463 views ใƒป 2009-07-01

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Namwoo Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jisu Lee
00:12
I'll start with my favorite muse, Emily Dickinson,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ธ, Emily Dickinson์˜ ๋ง๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ• ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
who said that wonder is not knowledge, neither is it ignorance.
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๋งํ•˜๊ธธ, " Wonder๋Š” ์ง€์‹๋„ ๋ฌด์ง€๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "
00:19
It's something which is suspended
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"Wonder๋Š”"
00:21
between what we believe we can be,
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ"
00:23
and a tradition we may have forgotten.
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"์žŠํ˜€์ง„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค"
00:25
And I think, when I listen to these incredible people here,
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ๋ฉด
00:28
I've been so inspired -- so many incredible ideas, so many visions.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€ ๋น„์ ผ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
And yet, when I look at the environment outside,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
00:36
you see how resistant architecture is to change.
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๊ฑด์ถ•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
You see how resistant it is to those very ideas.
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๊ฑด์ถ•์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
We can think them out. We can create incredible things.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
And yet, at the end,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—”
00:46
it's so hard to change a wall.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
We applaud the well-mannered box.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž˜ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์ƒ์ž์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
00:51
But to create a space that never existed is what interests me;
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €๋Š” ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
to create something that has never been,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
a space that we have never entered except in our minds and our spirits.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ๊ณผ ์˜ํ˜ผ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:00
And I think that's really what architecture is based on.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
Architecture is not based on concrete
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๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋‚˜
01:05
and steel and the elements of the soil.
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์ฒ , ํ™์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
It's based on wonder.
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๊ฑด์ถ•์€ Wonder์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
And that wonder is really what has created the greatest cities,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ Wonder๊ฐ€ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค๊ณผ
01:12
the greatest spaces that we have had.
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์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
And I think that is indeed what architecture is. It is a story.
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๊ฑด์ถ•์ด๋ž€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฑด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
By the way, it is a story that is told through
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š”
01:21
its hard materials.
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๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•œ ๊ฑด์ถ•์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:23
But it is a story of effort and struggle
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์ด๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
01:25
against improbabilities.
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๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์‹ธ์›€์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
If you think of the great buildings, of the cathedrals, of the temples,
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๋Œ€์„ฑ๋‹น์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์›,
01:29
of the pyramids, of pagodas,
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ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋‚˜ ํƒ‘,
01:31
of cities in India and beyond,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๋„์˜ ๋„์‹œ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
01:34
you think of how incredible this is that that was realized
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
01:37
not by some abstract idea, but by people.
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์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊นจ๋‹ซ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
So, anything that has been made can be unmade.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
01:42
Anything that has been made can be made better.
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๋‹ค์‹œ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
There it is: the things that I really believe
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๊ตฐ์š”,
01:47
are of important architecture.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด์ถ•์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
These are the dimensions that I like to work with.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
It's something very personal.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”
01:53
It's not, perhaps, the dimensions appreciated by art critics
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ํ‰๋ก ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
or architecture critics or city planners.
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๊ฑด์ถ•ํ‰๋ก ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ๋„์‹œ์„ค๊ณ„์ž ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
But I think these are the necessary oxygen
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค์€ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
for us to live in buildings, to live in cities,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋„์‹œ๋ผ๋Š”
02:02
to connect ourselves in a social space.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
And I therefore believe that optimism is what drives architecture forward.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ๊ฑด์ถ•์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
It's the only profession where you have to believe in the future.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋ฏฟ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
You can be a general, a politician, an economist who is depressed,
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์žฅ๊ตฐ, ์ •์น˜๊ฐ€, ์šฐ์šธํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋‚˜
02:16
a musician in a minor key, a painter in dark colors.
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๋‹จ์กฐ์˜ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€, ์–ด๋‘์šด ์ƒ‰์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ™”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:19
But architecture is that complete ecstasy that the future can be better.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๊ฑด์ถ•๋งŒ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ™ฉํ™€๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
And it is that belief that I think drives society.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ด๋„๋Š” ํž˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
And today we have a kind of evangelical pessimism all around us.
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์š”์ฆ˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„๊ด€๋ก ์— ๋น ์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฃผ์œ„์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
And yet it is in times like this
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก
02:32
that I think architecture can thrive with big ideas,
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๊ฑด์ถ•์ด ํฐ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์ปค๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
ideas that are not small. Think of the great cities.
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฐ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
02:38
Think of the Empire State Building, the Rockefeller Center.
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๋‰ด์š•์˜ ์— ํŒŒ์ด์–ด ์Šคํ…Œ์ดํŠธ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๋กํŽ ๋Ÿฌ ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
They were built in times that were
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๊ทธ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ๋“ค์ด ์ง€์–ด์ง„ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š”
02:42
not really the best of times in a certain way.
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์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ์ง€์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
And yet that energy and power of architecture
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๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ๊ทธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ํž˜์ด์•ผ ๋ง๋กœ
02:48
has driven an entire social and political space that these buildings occupy.
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์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
So again, I am a believer in the expressive.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ €๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
I have never been a fan of the neutral.
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์ „ ์• ๋งคํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
I don't like neutrality in life, in anything.
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์‚ถ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ๋ฌด์—‡์—์„œ๋„ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
I think expression.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
And it's like espresso coffee, you know, you take the essence of the coffee.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ปคํ”ผ์˜ ์—์„ผ์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ์†Œ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
That's what expression is.
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ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
It's been missing in much of the architecture,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
because we think architecture is the realm of the neutered,
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:12
the realm of the kind of a state that has no opinion,
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๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ์˜๊ฒฌ๋„ ์—†๊ณ 
03:16
that has no value.
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๊ฐ€์น˜๋„ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
And yet, I believe it is the expression --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
expression of the city, expression of our own space --
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๋„์‹œ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ณณ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
that gives meaning to architecture.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์— ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ง€์š”.
03:25
And, of course, expressive spaces are not mute.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
Expressive spaces are not spaces
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ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
03:30
that simply confirm what we already know.
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๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
Expressive spaces may disturb us.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
And I think that's also part of life.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
Life is not just an anesthetic to make us smile,
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์‚ถ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์›ƒ๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
03:39
but to reach out across the abyss of history,
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์‚ถ์€ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ
03:42
to places we have never been,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
and would have perhaps been, had we not been so lucky.
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๊ฐ€๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
03:47
So again, radical versus conservative.
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๊ธ‰์ง„์  vs ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ 
03:50
Radical, what does it mean? It's something which is rooted,
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๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฑด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
03:53
and something which is rooted deep in a tradition.
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์ด๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์— ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฐ•๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
And I think that is what architecture is, it's radical.
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๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
It's not just a conservation in formaldehyde
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๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ํฌ๋ฅด๋ง๋ฆฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •์‹œ์ผœ๋†“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
of dead forms.
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์ฃฝ์€ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
It is actually a living connection
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฑด์ถ•์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ผ๋ถ€์ธ
04:04
to the cosmic event that we are part of,
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์„ธ์ƒ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œ์ผœ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
and a story that is certainly ongoing.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
It's not something that has a good ending or a bad ending.
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์ด๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์—”๋”ฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚˜์œ ์—”๋”ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
It's actually a story in which our acts themselves
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š”
04:15
are pushing the story in a particular way.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
So again I am a believer in the radical architecture.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•์ด ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
You know the Soviet architecture of that building
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์†Œ๋ จ์˜ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์•„์‹œ์ง€์š”,
04:22
is the conservation.
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๋ณด์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
It's like the old Las Vegas used to be.
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์˜ค๋ž˜์ „์˜ ๋ผ์Šค ๋ฒ ๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
It's about conserving emotions, conserving the traditions
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ณ ์ •์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ „ํ†ต์„ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
that have obstructed the mind in moving forward
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
and of course what is radical is to confront them.
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๊ธ‰์ง„์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งž์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
And I think our architecture is a confrontation
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งž์„ฌ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
with our own senses.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
Therefore I believe it should not be cool.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•์ด cool ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
There is a lot of appreciation for the kind of cool architecture.
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์š”์ฆ˜, coolํ•œ ๊ฑด์ถ•์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ฐฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€๋งŒ
04:44
I've always been an opponent of it. I think emotion is needed.
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์ €๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฐ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
Life without emotion would really not be life.
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๊ฐ์ • ์—†๋Š” ์‚ถ์€ ์ •๋ง ์‚ถ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
Even the mind is emotional.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋งˆ์Œ๋„ ๊ฐ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
04:52
There is no reason which does not take a position
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๋„๋•์ ์ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋‚˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ ํ•™์  ๋ฏธ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์—
04:54
in the ethical sphere, in the philosophical mystery of what we are.
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์ž๋ฆฌ ๋ชป ์žก์„ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
So I think emotion is a dimension
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๊ฐ์ •์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ
05:01
that is important to introduce into city space, into city life.
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๋„์‹œ ์‚ถ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
And of course, we are all about the struggle of emotions.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ฐ์ • ์†์—์„œ ๋ถ„ํˆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์กด์žฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
And I think that is what makes the world a wondrous place.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์‹ ๋น„๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
And of course, the confrontation of the cool, the unemotional with emotion,
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cool, ๊ฐ์ • ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ •์€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:15
is a conversation that I think
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๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ ์˜จ
05:17
cities themselves have fostered.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
I think that is the progress of cities.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
It's not only the forms of cities,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋„์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:23
but the fact that they incarnate emotions,
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๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™” ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
not just of those who build them,
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์ด๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ง€์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งŒ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:27
but of those who live there as well.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
Inexplicable versus understood. You know, too often we want to understand everything.
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์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ vs ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž์ฃผ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
But architecture is not the language of words.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
It's a language. But it is not a language that can be reduced
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๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ์–ธ์–ด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
05:39
to a series of programmatic notes that we can verbally write.
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์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
Too many buildings that you see outside that are so banal
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์š”์ฆ˜ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
tell you a story, but the story is very short,
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๊ทธ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์งง์ง€์š”.
05:47
which says, "We have no story to tell you."
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๋งํ•˜๊ธธ "์šฐ๋ฆฐ ํ•  ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”"
05:49
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:50
So the important thing actually,
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€,
05:52
is to introduce the actual architectural dimensions,
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์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์„
05:55
which might be totally inexplicable in words,
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
because they operate in proportions,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ๊ฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด, ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์ด, ๋น›์ด
06:01
in materials, in light.
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์„œ๋กœ ๋งž๋ฌผ๋ ค ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
They connect themselves into various sources,
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ์–ด์šธ์–ด์ ธ
06:06
into a kind of complex vector matrix
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆญ์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑธ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:08
that isn't really frontal
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋น„๋ก ์ง์ ‘ ์•ž์— ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
06:11
but is really embedded in the lives,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ ์†์—, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
06:13
and in the history of a city, and of a people.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋…น์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
So again, the notion that a building should just be explicit
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ๋ช…๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
I think is a false notion,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ง์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
which has reduced architecture into banality.
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๊ฑด์ถ•์„ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
Hand versus the computer.
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์† vs ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ
06:25
Of course, what would we be without computers?
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์—†์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
06:27
Our whole practice depends on computing.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
But the computer should not just be the glove of the hand;
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์†์— ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธ€๋Ÿฌ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
the hand should really be the driver of the computing power.
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์†์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
Because I believe that the hand
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์†์€ ์›์‹œ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•˜๋ฉฐ
06:39
in all its primitive, in all its physiological obscurity,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ทผ์›, ์–ด๋–ค ์•Œ์ง€๋ชปํ• 
06:44
has a source, though the source is unknown,
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์›์ฒœ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์—ฌ
06:47
though we don't have to be mystical about it.
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์†์„ ์‹ ๋น„๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
We realize that the hand has been given us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์†์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค
06:52
by forces that are beyond our own autonomy.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ด์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
And I think when I draw drawings
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆด ๋•Œ๋ฉด
06:58
which may imitate the computer, but are not computer drawings --
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
drawings that can come from sources
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์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€
07:03
that are completely not known, not normal, not seen,
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์ „ํ˜€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”, ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
yet the hand -- and that's what I really, to all of you who are working --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์†์€, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ,
07:11
how can we make the computer respond to our hand
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์†์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ์ง€
07:15
rather than the hand responding to the computer.
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์†์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
I think that's part of what the complexity of architecture is.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
Because certainly we have gotten used to the propaganda
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ ์ „์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
that the simple is the good. But I don't believe it.
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์‹ฌํ”Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ์ €๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
Listening to all of you, the complexity of thought,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ท€ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์ƒ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•จ,
07:31
the complexity of layers of meaning is overwhelming.
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์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•จ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋„˜์ณ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
And I think we shouldn't shy away in architecture,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฑด์ถ•์—์„  ๋ณต์žกํ•จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์›Œ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
You know, brain surgery, atomic theory,
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๋‡Œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด๋‚˜ ์›์ž ์ด๋ก ,
07:40
genetics, economics
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์œ ์ „ํ•™, ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™ ๋“ฑ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€
07:43
are complex complex fields.
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๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
There is no reason that architecture should shy away
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์›Œ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„,
07:47
and present this illusory world of the simple.
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์‹ฌํ”Œํ•จ๋งŒ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
It is complex. Space is complex.
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๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋„ ๋ณต์žกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
Space is something that folds out of itself into completely new worlds.
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๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋ž€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ ‘ํ˜€์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
And as wondrous as it is,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด wondrous ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก
07:58
it cannot be reduced to a kind of simplification
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข…์ข… ์ˆญ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ฌํ”Œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ
08:01
that we have often come to be admired.
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ํ™˜์›๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
And yet, our lives are complex.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ๋„ ๋ณต์žกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
Our emotions are complex.
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๊ฐ์ •๋„ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋ฉฐ
08:07
Our intellectual desires are complex.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง€์  ์š•๊ตฌ๋„ ๋ณต์žกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
So I do believe that architecture as I see it
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•์ด๋ž€
08:12
needs to mirror that complexity in every single space that we have,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ
08:16
in every intimacy that we possess.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์นœ๊ทผํ•จ์„ ๋น„์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
Of course that means that architecture is political.
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๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ์ •์น˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
The political is not an enemy of architecture.
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์ •์น˜๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ์ ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
The politeama is the city. It's all of us together.
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์ •์น˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•จ๊ป˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
And I've always believed that the act of architecture,
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฏฟ์–ด์˜ค๊ธธ, ๊ฐ€์ • ์ง‘๋งŒ ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
08:28
even a private house, when somebody else will see it, is a political act,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ์—, ๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ์ •์น˜์ ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
because it will be visible to others.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:34
And we live in a world which is connecting us more and more.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ ์†์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
So again, the evasion of that sphere,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‹ซํžŒ ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋‚˜ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ,
08:40
which has been so endemic to that sort of pure architecture,
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์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์€
08:43
the autonomous architecture that is just an abstract object
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์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉฐ
08:45
has never appealed to me.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‚˜์™€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
And I do believe that this interaction
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์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ,
08:50
with the history, with history that is often very difficult,
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
to grapple with it, to create
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„
08:56
a position that is beyond our normal expectations and to create a critique.
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์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„ํ‰์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
Because architecture is also the asking of questions.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
It's not only the giving of answers.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‹ต์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
09:06
It's also, just like life, the asking of questions.
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์‚ถ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
Therefore it is important that it be real.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ์‹ค์žฌ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
You know we can simulate almost anything.
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹คํ™” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
But the one thing that can be ever simulated
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
09:15
is the human heart, the human soul.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ, ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
And architecture is so closely intertwined with it
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๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ๊ณผ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์–ฝํ˜€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
09:20
because we are born somewhere and we die somewhere.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋Š ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฃฝ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
So the reality of architecture is visceral. It's not intellectual.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์ง€, ์ง€์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
It's not something that comes to us from books and theories.
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์ฑ…์ด๋‚˜ ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
It's the real that we touch -- the door, the window,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์žฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ,
09:34
the threshold, the bed --
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์ž…๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์นจ๋Œ€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
such prosaic objects. And yet,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
I try, in every building, to take that virtual world,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑด์ถ•์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ,
09:40
which is so enigmatic and so rich,
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์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๊ป˜๋ผ๊ฐ™๊ณ  ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
09:43
and create something in the real world.
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์„ธ์ƒ ์†์— ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•ด๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
Create a space for an office,
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์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
09:47
a space of sustainability
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ํ˜„์‹ค ์†์—์„œ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”
09:49
that really works between that virtuality
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์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
and yet can be realized as something real.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์žฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
Unexpected versus habitual.
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์ƒ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ vs ์Šต๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ
09:56
What is a habit? It's just a shackle for ourselves.
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์Šต๊ด€์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฌถ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์†์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
It's a self-induced poison.
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์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋…๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
So the unexpected is always unexpected.
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์˜ˆ์ธก์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
You know, it's true, the cathedrals, as unexpected,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ง€์š”, ๋Œ€์„ฑ๋‹น ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
10:06
will always be unexpected.
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์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ๋ฐ–์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”
10:08
You know Frank Gehry's buildings, they will continue to be unexpected in the future.
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Frank Gehry๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ƒ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
So not the habitual architecture that instills in us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“œ๋Š” ์Šต๊ด€์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฑด์ถ•์ด ์•„๋‹Œ,
10:14
the false sort of stability,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋œ ์•ˆ์ •๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
but an architecture that is full of tension,
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๊ทธ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ธด์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐฌ ๊ฑด์ถ•,
10:19
an architecture that goes beyond itself
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜์–ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜
10:22
to reach a human soul and a human heart,
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์˜ํ˜ผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์Šด์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•,
10:24
and that breaks out of the shackles of habits.
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์‚ฌ์Šฌ์„ ๋Š๊ณ  ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
And of course habits are enforced by architecture.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์Šต๊ด€์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋”์šฑ ๊ตณ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
When we see the same kind of architecture
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
10:32
we become immured in that world of those angles,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฐ, ๋น›, ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์˜
10:35
of those lights, of those materials.
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์„ธ์ƒ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ ธ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
We think the world really looks like our buildings.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
And yet our buildings are pretty much limited by the techniques and wonders
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ wonder์—
10:44
that have been part of them.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ œ์•ฝ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
So again, the unexpected which is also the raw.
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์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ๊ฐ€๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
And I often think of the raw and the refined.
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์ €๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๊ฐ€๊ณต์น˜ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊ณตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
What is raw? The raw, I would say
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๊ฐ€๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ, ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
10:53
is the naked experience, untouched by luxury,
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์ €๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ฒŒ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ—์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜, ์‚ฌ์น˜์— ๋•Œ๋ฌป์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
10:56
untouched by expensive materials,
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๋น„์‹ผ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์— ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
10:58
untouched by the kind of refinement
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๊ฐ€๊ณต์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
that we associate with high culture.
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์œ„์˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋œ ๋ฌธ๋ช…๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
11:03
So the rawness, I think, in space,
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๊ฐ€๊ณต์น˜ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ์Œ,
11:06
the fact that sustainability can actually, in the future
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š”, ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค
11:09
translate into a raw space,
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๊ฐ€๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
a space that isn't decorated,
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๊พธ๋ฏธ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„,
11:13
a space that is not mannered in any source,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์—๋„ ํ‹€์— ๋ฐ•ํžˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„,
11:16
but a space that might be cool in terms of its temperature,
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๋˜๋Š” ์˜จ๋„์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์‹œ์›ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„,
11:20
might be refractive to our desires.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์š•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋น„์ถฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
A space that doesn't always follow us
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๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฐ•์•„์ง€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
11:26
like a dog that has been trained to follow us,
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์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
11:29
but moves ahead into directions of demonstrating
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๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋“ค์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ
11:32
other possibilities, other experiences,
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
that have never been part of the vocabulary of architecture.
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๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•™์˜ ์‚ฌ์ „์—์„œ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
And of course that juxtaposition is of great interest to me
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
because it creates a kind of a spark of new energy.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
And so I do like something which is pointed, not blunt,
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์ €๋Š” ํ๋ฆฟํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ, ์š”์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
something which is focused on reality,
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ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ ํฌ์ปค์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
11:52
something that has the power, through its leverage,
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๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ,
11:55
to transform even a very small space.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
So architecture maybe is not so big, like science,
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๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
but through its focal point
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•์–‘์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
12:03
it can leverage in an Archimedian way
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๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
12:05
what we think the world is really about.
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์•„๋ฅดํ‚ค๋ฉ”๋ฐ์Šค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
And often it takes just a building
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข…์ข… ๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
12:09
to change our experience of what could be done, what has been done,
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์›Œ์ ธ ์™”๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€, ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ
12:13
how the world has remained both in between stability and instability.
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์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„์™”๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
And of course buildings have their shapes.
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
Those shapes are difficult to change.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ์–‘์€ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
And yet, I do believe that in every social space,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€์ค‘์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—๋Š”
12:25
in every public space,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์• ๋งคํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์• ๋งคํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ
12:27
there is a desire to communicate more
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์†Œํ†ต, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š”
12:29
than just that blunt thought, that blunt technique,
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์š•๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
but something that pinpoints, and can point in various directions
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์• ๋งคํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ํ•€ํฌ์ธํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
forward, backward, sideways and around.
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์•ž์—์„œ, ๋’ค์—์„œ, ์˜†๊ณผ ์ฃผ์œ„์—์„œ.
12:40
So that is indeed what is memory.
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๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
So I believe that my main interest is to memory.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
Without memory we would be amnesiacs.
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๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ต ์ƒ์‹ค์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
We would not know which way we were going,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
12:51
and why we are going where we're going.
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์™œ ๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
So I've been never interested in the forgettable reuse,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์žŠํ˜€์ง€๋Š”, ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š”
12:58
rehashing of the same things over and over again,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
which, of course, get accolades of critics.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋น„ํ‰๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
13:03
Critics like the performance to be repeated again and again the same way.
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๋น„ํ‰๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํผํฌ๋จผ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
But I rather play something
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ
13:09
completely unheard of,
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ
13:11
and even with flaws,
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๊ฒฐ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„,
13:13
than repeat the same thing over and over which has been hollowed
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๋‹ค์‹œ, ๋˜๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฏธ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
13:15
by its meaninglessness.
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๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
So again, memory is the city, memory is the world.
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๊ธฐ์–ต์€ ๊ณง ๋„์‹œ์ด๋ฉฐ ์„ธ์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
Without the memory there would be no story to tell.
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๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๊ณ 
13:22
There would be nowhere to turn.
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๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ณณ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
The memorable, I think, is really our world, what we think the world is.
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๊ธฐ์–ต์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
And it's not only our memory,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
13:30
but those who remember us,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
which means that architecture is not mute.
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์ฆ‰ ๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋ง๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฒ™์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
It's an art of communication.
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์ด๋Š” ์†Œํ†ต์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
It tells a story. The story can reach into obscure desires.
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๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์š•๊ตฌ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
It can reach into sources that are not explicitly available.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
It can reach into millennia
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฌปํ˜€์žˆ๋Š”
13:47
that have been buried,
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์ฒœ๋…„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋šซ๊ณ 
13:49
and return them in a just and unexpected equity.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋˜๋Œ๋ ค ๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
So again, I think the notion that
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์นจ๋ฌตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
13:55
the best architecture is silent has never appealed to me.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ง์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
Silence maybe is good for a cemetery but not for a city.
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์นจ๋ฌต์€ ๋„์‹œ์— ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
Cities should be full of vibrations, full of sound, full of music.
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๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์ „์œจ, ์†Œ๋ฆฌ, ์Œ์•…์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐจ์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
14:05
And that indeed is the architectural mission
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ๋ฏธ์…˜์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:07
that I believe is important,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:09
is to create spaces that are vibrant,
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์ง„๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
14:11
that are pluralistic,
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๋‹ค์›์ ์ด๋ฉฐ,
14:13
that can transform the most prosaic activities,
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ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ํ™œ๋™๋“ค์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ
14:16
and raise them to a completely different expectation.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:18
Create a shopping center, a swimming place
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์‡ผํ•‘์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
14:20
that is more like a museum than like entertainment.
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์ˆ˜์˜์žฅ์„ ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:23
And these are our dreams.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฟˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
And of course risk. I think architecture should be risky.
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์œ„ํ—˜, ์ €๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•์ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
You know it costs a lot of money and so on, but yes,
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๋ˆ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์ง€๋งŒ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
it should not play it safe.
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์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๋งŒ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:33
It should not play it safe, because if it plays it safe
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์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๋งŒ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:36
it's not moving us in a direction that we want to be.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:40
And I think, of course,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธธ
14:42
risk is what underlies the world.
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์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
World without risk would not be worth living.
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์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์‚ด ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
So yes, I do believe that the risk we take in every building.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—์„œ๋‚˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
Risks to create spaces that have never been cantilevered to that extent.
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์™ธํŒ”๋ณด(ํ•œ์ชฝ ๋์€ ๊ณ ์ •๋˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ ๋์€ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ๋“ค๋ณด)์ธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜
14:55
Risks of spaces that have never been
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์–ด์ง€๋Ÿฌ์šด ์  ์—†๋Š”
14:57
so dizzying,
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๊ณต๊ฐ„๋“ค์€
15:00
as they should be, for a pioneering city.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
Risks that really move architecture
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์œ„ํ—˜์€ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ด ๋งŽ๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ทธ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์ด
15:06
even with all its flaws, into a space which is much better
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:09
that the ever again repeated
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์ด๋Š” ์ „์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋Š”
15:11
hollowness of a ready-made thing.
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์˜๋ฏธ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
And of course that is finally what I believe architecture to be.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
It's about space. It's not about fashion.
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๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ด์ง€ ํŒจ์…˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
It's not about decoration.
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์žฅ์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
It's about creating with minimal means
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฑด์ถ•์€
15:23
something which can not be repeated,
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๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
15:26
cannot be simulated in any other sphere.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
And there of course is the space that we need to breathe,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆจ์‰ฌ๊ณ 
15:32
is the space we need to dream.
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๊ฟˆ๊พธ๋ฉฐ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:34
These are the spaces that are
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์น˜์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ช‡ ๋ช‡์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
15:36
not just luxurious spaces for some of us,
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๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ
15:39
but are important for everybody in this world.
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์„ธ์ƒ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:41
So again, it's not about the changing fashions, changing theories.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ํŒจ์…˜์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„, ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ์ผ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
It's about carving out a space for trees.
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๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์กฐ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
It's carving out a space where nature can enter
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์ž์—ฐ์ด ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
15:50
the domestic world of a city.
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๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์กฐ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
A space where something which has never seen a light of day
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์˜คํ›„์˜ ๋น›์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด
15:56
can enter into the inner workings of a density.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ผํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:00
And I think that is really the nature of architecture.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑด์ถ•์˜ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:04
Now I am a believer in democracy.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:06
I don't like beautiful buildings
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์ €๋Š” ์ „์ฒด์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€์–ด์ง„
16:08
built for totalitarian regimes.
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
16:10
Where people cannot speak, cannot vote, cannot do anything.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„, ํˆฌํ‘œํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„, ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:12
We too often admire those buildings. We think they are beautiful.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์ฃผ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์šฐ๋Ÿฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:15
And yet when I think of the poverty of society
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๊ฐ€๋‚œ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌ์†ํ•˜๋Š”
16:17
which doesn't give freedom to its people,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„
16:19
I don't admire those buildings.
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์ €๋Š” ์กด๊ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
So democracy, as difficult as it is, I believe in it.
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šธ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:23
And of course, at Ground Zero what else?
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๋ฐ”๋กœ Ground Zero์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:26
It's such a complex project.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์ด๋ฉฐ
16:28
It's emotional. There is so many interests.
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๊ฐ์ •์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:30
It's political. There is so many parties to this project.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •์น˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹น๋“ค์ด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:34
There is so many interests. There's money. There's political power.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ˆ๊ณผ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
There are emotions of the victims.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํฌ์ƒ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:38
And yet, in all its messiness, in all its difficulties,
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ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ์–ด๋ ต์ง€๋งŒ
16:42
I would not have liked somebody to say,
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:44
"This is the tabula rasa, mister architect -- do whatever you want."
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"์ด๊ฒƒ์ด tabula rasa(๋ฐฑ์ง€์„ค)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹  ์›ํ•˜๋Š”๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค"
16:47
I think nothing good will come out of that.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž์„ธ๋กœ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:49
I think architecture is about consensus.
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๊ฑด์ถ•์€ ํ•ฉ์˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:51
And it is about the dirty word "compromise." Compromise is not bad.
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๋˜ํ•œ ํƒ€ํ˜‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋”๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ€ํ˜‘์€ ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:55
Compromise, if it's artistic,
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ํƒ€ํ˜‘์ด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
16:57
if it is able to cope with its strategies --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ„ํš๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด--
17:00
and there is my first sketch and the last rendering --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €์˜ ์ฒซ ์Šค์ผ€์น˜์™€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ Œ๋”๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.--
17:02
it's not that far away.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:04
And yet, compromise, consensus,
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ํƒ€ํ˜‘๊ณผ ํ•ฉ์˜,
17:06
that is what I believe in.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
And Ground Zero, despite all its difficulties, it's moving forward.
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Ground Zero๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚œ๊ด€ ์†์—์„œ๋„ ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:11
It's difficult. 2011, 2013. Freedom Tower, the memorial.
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2011, 2013 freedom tower, the memorial,
17:16
And that is where I end.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์ด ์ข…์ฐฉ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:18
I was inspired when I came here as an immigrant
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ฏผ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฐฐ ์œ„์—์„œ
17:20
on a ship like millions of others,
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
17:22
looking at America from that point of view.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:25
This is America. This is liberty.
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"์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž์œ ๋‹ค"
17:27
This is what we dream about. Its individuality,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฟˆ๊ฟ”์˜ค๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„ฑ,
17:29
demonstrated in the skyline. It's resilience.
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์Šค์นด์ด๋ผ์ธ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทธ ์พŒํ™œํ•จ
17:32
And finally, it's the freedom that America represents,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž์œ .
17:34
not just to me, as an immigrant, but to everyone in the world. Thank you.
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์ด๋ฏผ์ž์ธ ์ €๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์„ธ์ƒ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:38
(Applause)
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๋ฐ•์ˆ˜
17:43
Chris Anderson: I've got a question.
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Chris Anderson : ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:45
So have you come to peace
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Ground Zero๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
17:47
with the process that happened at Ground Zero
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๋งˆ์Œ์— ํ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
17:50
and the loss of the original, incredible design that you came up with?
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๋‹ค ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:53
Daniel Libeskind: Look. We have to cure ourselves
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Daniel Libeskind: ๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
17:57
of the notion that we are authoritarian,
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๊ถŒ์œ„์ฃผ์œ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
17:59
that we can determine everything that happens.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์น˜์œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:01
We have to rely on others, and shape the process in the best way possible.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ธธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:05
I came from the Bronx. I was taught not to be a loser,
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์ €๋Š” Bronx์—์„œ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒจ๋ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์› ์ฃ .
18:08
not to be somebody who just gives up in a fight.
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์‹ธ์›€์—์„œ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:10
You have to fight for what you believe. You don't always win
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์ž์‹ ์ด ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ธ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ธธ ์ˆœ ์—†์ง€์š”
18:12
everything you want to win. But you can steer the process.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด๊ธธ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์€ ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:15
And I believe that what will be built at Ground Zero
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Ground Zero์— ์ง€์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์€
18:18
will be meaningful, will be inspiring,
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์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ
18:21
will tell other generations of the sacrifices,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ๋Œ€์—๊ฒŒ ํฌ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ
18:23
of the meaning of this event.
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์ด ์ผ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:25
Not just for New York, but for the world.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‰ด์š•์—๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:27
Chris Anderson: Thank you so much, Daniel Libeskind.
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Chris Anderson: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:29
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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