Shimon Schocken's rides of hope

翻译人员: He Wang 校对人员: Angelia King

Mountain biking in Israel

在以色列的山地自行车运动

is something that I do with great passion

对我来说既是一件充满激情的事情

and commitment.

又是一项责任。

And when I'm on my bike,

当我骑在我的自行车上，

I feel that I connect

我能够感受到

with the profound beauty of Israel,

自己与以色列那深沉之美的连结。

and I feel that I'm united

还会体会到

with this country's history

我与这个国家的历史

and biblical law.

和圣经律法的结合。

And also, for me,

同时呢，对我来说，

biking is a matter of empowerment.

自行车是一项提升自我认识的运动。

When I reach the summit

当我到达一个甚至不知在何处的

of a steep mountain in the middle of nowhere,

陡峭山峰的顶端时，

I feel young,

我能感觉到年轻，

invincible, eternal.

无可战胜，以及永恒的力量。

It's as if I'm connecting with some legacy

就好像我与远比我强大的

or with some energy

某种传奇或某种力量

far greater than myself.

交融在了一起。

You can see my fellow riders

你们可以在照片的尾部

at the end of the picture,

看到那些同行者

looking at me with some concern.

担心地看着我。

And here is another picture of them.

这是他们的另一张照片。

Unfortunately, I cannot show their faces,

很抱歉的是我不能展示他们的面孔，

neither can I disclose their true names,

也不能公开他们的姓名，

and that's because my fellow riders

因为与我骑车同行的

are juvenile inmates,

是少年犯，

offenders

他们

spending time in a correction facility

是呆在离这里骑车20分钟的教养所里的

about 20 minutes' ride from here --

年轻罪犯。

well, like everything in Israel.

当然在以色列到哪都是20分钟。

And I've been riding with these kids once a week,

而我呢，与这些孩子每周出去骑行一次，

every Tuesday, rain or shine, for the last four years

每个星期二，不论刮风下雨，已经持续四年了。

and by now, they've become a very big part of my life.

现在，他们已经成为我生命中非常重要的一部分。

This story began four years ago.

这个故事开始于四年前。

The correction facility where they are locked up

关押他们的教养所

happens to be right in the middle

不偏不倚的就在我的一个

of one of my usual trips,

经常选择的骑行路线上，

and it's surrounded by barbed wires

那是个被倒刺铁丝，

and electric gates and armed guards.

电门和武装看守包围的地方。

So on one of these rides,

所以在一次骑行经过的时候，

I talked my way into the compound

我经过各种说服进入了这个大院

and went to see the warden.

并去见了狱长。

I told the warden

我告诉狱长

that I wanted to start a mountain biking club in this place

我想在这个地方办一个山地自行车俱乐部。

and that basically I wanted to take the kids

而且我的计划基本上就是将这里的孩子

from here to there.

从教养所带到山里骑行。

And I told him, "Let's find a way

然后我跟他说，“让我们想一个方案，

in which I'll be able to take out 10 kids once a week

让我每周能带10个孩子

to ride with in the summer in the country."

一起在这个国家的美丽夏天里骑车远行。”

And the warden was quite amused,

狱长感到很好笑，

and he told me he thought that I was a nut

他告诉我他觉得我就是个疯子。

and he told me,

他还说，

"This place is a correction facility. These guys are serious offenders.

“这个地方是教养所。这些家伙是严重的罪犯。

They are supposed to be locked up.

他们应该被关着。

They aren't supposed to be out at large."

而不是成群地被放出去。”

And yet, we began to talk about it,

不管怎样，我们开始讨论这个提议，

and one thing led to another.

而且一步步的向前推进。

And I can't see myself

我不可想象自己

going into a state prison in New Jersey

走进一个新泽西的州立监狱

and making such a proposition,

并提出这样一个提案，

but this being Israel,

不过这是在以色列，

the warden somehow made it happen.

狱长神奇地让整个方案可以通过并运作了。

And so two months later,

于是两个月后，

we found ourselves "at large" --

我们这样一群人就诞生了

myself,

包括我，

10 juvenile inmates

10个少年犯，

and a wonderful fellow named Russ,

还有一个现在已经成为我非常好的朋友，

who became a very good friend of mine

名叫Russ鲁斯的一个出色的伙计，

and my partner in this project.

他已成为了这个项目的合作伙伴。

And in the next few weeks, I had the tremendous pleasure

于是在接下来的几周里，我享受着巨大的快乐，

of introducing these kids

向这些孩子们

to the world of total freedom,

介绍着一个充满自由的世界，

a world consisting of magnificent vistas

一个由壮丽绝美的景色组成的世界

like these --

就像这些地方：

everything you see here is obviously in Israel --

你们现在所看到的一切很显然都是在以色列，

as well as close encounters

包括与这些小生命的

with all sorts of small creatures

亲密接触，

coming in all sorts of sizes,

它们有着不同的大小，

colors, shapes, forms

颜色，形状，形式

and so on.

等等。

In spite of all this splendor,

在这些美好的背后，

the beginning was extremely frustrating.

最初的时间里其实是很令人受挫的。

Every small obstacle,

每个小小的障碍，

every slight uphill,

每个缓缓的爬坡，

would cause these fellows

都能让这些孩子

to stop in their tracks and give up.

停在路上并放弃。

So we had a lot of this going on.

所以我们有许多这样的场景。

I found out that they had a very hard time

我发现他们很不擅长

dealing with frustration and difficulties --

应对挫折和困难

not because they were physically unfit.

而并不是因为他们在身体上做不到。

But that's one reason why they ended up where they were.

但这就是他们会成为现在这样的原因之一。

And I became increasingly more and more agitated,

随之我变得越来越焦躁，

because I was there

因为我在这里的角色，

not only to be with them,

不仅仅是陪着他们

but also to ride and create a team

更重要的是组建一个山地骑行的团队。

and I didn't know what to do.

但我不知道能做什么。

Now, let me give you an example.

让我来展现一个例子。

We're going downhill in some rocky terrain,

我们正从一个布满岩石的地段向下骑行，

and the front tire of Alex

Alex亚历克斯的前胎

gets caught in one of these crevasses here.

卡在这其中的一个裂缝里。

So he crashes down,

所以他摔了下来，

and he gets slightly injured,

受了轻微的擦伤，

but this does not prevent him from jumping up

不过这伤痛并没阻止他跳起来，

and then starting to jump up and down on his bike

然后在他的车上跳上跳下

and curse violently.

还疯狂地咒骂。

Then he throws his helmet in the air.

然后他把头盔扔了出去。

His backpack goes ballistic in some other direction.

他的背包从另一个方向也飞了出去。

And then he runs to the nearest tree

然后他跑向最近的一棵树

and starts to break branches and throw rocks

开始折树枝，扔石头，

and curse like I've never heard.

并用我听都没听过的话漫骂。

And I'm just standing there,

而我就站在那

watching this scene

怀着难以置信的感觉

with a complete disbelief,

看着这一幕，

not knowing what to do.

不知所措。

I'm used to algorithms

我更习惯于应对算法

and data structures

数据结构

and super motivated students,

和非常积极的学生，

and nothing in my background

而我过去的经历

prepared me to deal

没有一样教我如何

with a raging, violent adolescent

在一个荒芜人烟的地方

in the middle of nowhere.

面对这样一个狂怒粗暴的青少年。

And you have to realize that these incidents

你要知道这些情况

did not happen in convenient locations.

并不是发生在一个令人舒适的地方。

They happened in places like this,

他们发生在像这样的地方

in the Judean Desert,

发生在犹太沙漠，

20 kilometers away from the nearest road.

距离最近的公路也有20公里。

And what you don't see in this picture

而且你在这张图片里所看不到的

is that somewhere between these riders there,

是在这些骑行者之间的某处，

there's a teenager sitting on a rock,

有个少年正坐在一块石头上说：

saying, "I'm not moving from here. Forget it.

“我不会从这里再动一步。放弃吧。

I've had it."

我受够了。”

Well, that's a problem

这就是个问题了。

because one way or another, you have to get this guy moving

因为不管怎样，你得让这个家伙重新行动起来。

because it's getting dark soon and dangerous.

天很快就会变黑，会很危险。

It took me several such incidents to figure out what I was supposed to do.

发生了几次这样的事件之后我才知道我应该做些什么。

At the beginning, it was a disaster.

最开始糟糕极了。

I tried harsh words and threats

我尝试训斥和威胁，

and they took me nowhere.

但一点作用也没有。

That's what they had all their lives.

他们生活里本来就充满了这些东西。

And at some point I found out,

但我某一天发现了，

when a kid like this gets into a fit,

当一个孩子这样表现时，

the best thing that you can possibly do

你所能做的最适合的事儿

is stay as close as possible to this kid,

是尽可能与这个孩子近距离交流，

which is difficult,

这是很难的，

because what you really want to do is go away.

因为你真正想的是远离他。

But that's what he had all his life,

但他生命中最多的恰恰是这种离开，

people walking away from him.

每个人都远离他。

So what you have to do is stay close

所以你需要走近他

and try to reach in

并试着用心和他交流，

and pet his shoulder

拍拍他的肩膀

or give him a piece of chocolate.

或给他一块巧克力。

So I would say, "Alex, I know that it's terribly difficult.

所以我会说，“亚历克斯， 我知道这非常困难。

Why don't you rest for a few minutes

为什么不先休息几分钟，

and then we'll go on."

然后我们再继续出发。”

"Go away you maniac-psychopath.

“走开你这疯子，神经病。

Why would you bring us to this goddamn place?"

你为什么把我们带到这个鬼地方？”

And I would say, "Relax, Alex.

然后我会说，“放松，亚历克斯。

Here's a piece of chocolate."

来吃快巧克力。”

And Alex would go, "Arrrrggg!"

然后亚历克斯就会开始“嗷——！”（狼吞虎咽地吃巧克力）

Because you have to understand

因为你要知道

that on these rides we are constantly hungry --

在这样的骑行过程中我们会一直很饥饿

and after the rides also.

骑完也是。

And who is this guy, Alex, to begin with?

这个亚历克斯是怎样的一个人呢？

He's a 17-year-old.

他17岁。

When he was eight,

当他八岁时，

someone put him on a boat in Odessa

某个人把他带到了敖德萨的一艘船上，

and sent him, shipped him to Israel

把他自己一个人运到了

on his own.

以色列。

And he ended up in south Tel Aviv

于是他最终到了特拉维夫的南面，

and did not have the good luck

很不幸地

to be picked up by a [unclear]

他被坏人带走，

and roamed the streets

在街上游荡

and became a prominent gang member.

最后成为了一个臭名昭著的帮会成员。

And he spent the last 10 years of his life

他最近十年的生活

in two places only,

只在两个地方度过--

the slums and the state prison,

贫民窟和州立监狱，

where he spent the last two years

他在这个监狱呆了两年

before he ended up sitting on this rock there.

直到现在坐在这块石头上。

And so this kid

所以这个孩子可能

was probably abused,

曾遭受过几乎每个

abandoned, ignored, betrayed

他身边的成年人的

by almost every adult along the way.

虐待，抛弃，冷漠和背叛。

So, for such a kid,

所以，对于这样一个孩子，

when an adult that he learns to respect stays close to him

当一个他想去尊敬的成年人与他近距离地在一起用心交流，

and doesn't walk away from him

在任何情况下

in any situation,

都不离开他，

irrespective of how he behaves,

不管他是怎样表现的，

it's a tremendous healing experience.

这是一个极其有效的治疗感化过程。

It's an act of unconditional acceptance,

这是一种他从没拥有过的

something that he never had.

无条件的接纳。

I want to say a few words about vision.

我想简单介绍一下这个项目的愿景。

When I started this program four years ago,

当我四年前刚刚创办这个项目时。

I had this original plan

我最初的计划是

of creating a team

组建一个

of winning underdogs.

失败者战胜自己的队伍。

I had an image of Lance Armstrong

我脑海里有一副

in my mind.

兰斯·阿姆斯特朗的图像。

And it took me exactly two months

然后它耗费我整整两个月

of complete frustration

备受折磨的时间

to realize that this vision

来意识到这个愿景

was misplaced,

不是最合适的，

and that there was another vision

而有另一个愿景

supremely more important

一个要重要的多

and more readily available.

而且更加可行的愿景。

It all of a sudden dawned on me, in this project,

我醍醐灌顶地意识到

that the purpose of these rides

这个项目中骑行的意义

should actually be

应该是

to expose the kids

让这些孩子们感受到一样东西。

to one thing only: love.

那就是：爱，

Love to the country, to the uphill

对于田园的爱，

and the downhill,

对于山丘的爱，

to all the incredible creatures that surround us --

对于所有我们周围美妙的生物的爱——

the animals, the plants,

就像那些动物，植物

the insects --

和昆虫，

love and respect

热爱并尊敬

to other fellow members in your team,

你的自行车团队中的

in your biking team,

伙伴，

and most importantly,

而且更重要的是

love and respect to yourself,

热爱并尊敬自己，

which is something

这正是他们

that they badly miss.

最缺少的东西。

Together with the kids,

和这些孩子一起，

I also went through a remarkable transformation.

我也经历了一个巨大的转变。

Now, I come from a cutthroat world

我来自一个充满科学与高科技

of science and high technology.

的竞争激烈的社会。

I used to think that reason and logic

我过去常常认为原因，逻辑

and relentless drive

和不停地前进

were the only ways to make things happen.

是实现一件事的唯一途径。

And before I worked with the kids,

在我开始解决这些孩子的问题前，

anything that I did with them,

所有我为他们，

or anything that I did with myself,

或为我自己做的事儿，

was supposed to be perfect,

都应该是做到理想的，

ideal, optimal,

完美无缺的，最令人满意的，

but after working with them for some time,

但我与他们相处了一段时间之后，

I discovered the great virtues of empathy

我发现了彼此关爱，与随意淡然

and flexibility

所带来的美好，

and being able to start with some vision,

并开始有了一些新愿景，

and if the vision doesn't work, well nothing happened.

如果这些愿景不能实现，那就是什么事儿都没发生而已。

All you have to do is play with it, change it a little bit,

你所要做的就是融入它，一点点地改变它，

and come up with something that does help, that does work.

并带来一些确实能够有效帮助的东西。

So right now, I feel more

所以现在，我会说

like these are my principles,

这些是我的原则，

and if you don't like them,

如果你不喜欢它们，

I have others.

我还有其他的。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

(Applause)

（掌声）

And one of these principles

这些原则中的一条就是

is focus.

专注。

Before each ride

每次出发之前

we sit together with the kids,

我们与这些孩子坐在一起，

and we give them one word

并给他们一个词语，

to think about during the ride.

让他们在骑行的过程中思考。

You have to focus their attention on something

你需要让他们的注意力集中于某件事上，

because so many things happen.

因为很多事儿会发生。

So these are words like "teamwork"

这些词语比如团队合作，

or "endurance"

忍耐，

or even complicated concepts

甚至是一些复杂的概念

like "resource allocation"

像资源分配，

or "perspective," a word that they don't understand.

展望，这些他们并不明白的词语。

You know, perspective

要知道，展望

is one of these critically important

是山地自行车运动能真正教给他们的

life-coping strategies

众多应对生活的

that mountain biking can really teach you.

极为重要策略之一。

I tell kids

我告诉孩子们

when they struggle through some uphill

当他们在上坡中挣扎

and feel like they cannot take it anymore,

觉得无法再承受的时候，

it really helps to ignore the immediate obstacles

真正有帮助的是忘掉眼前的障碍

and raise your head and look around

抬起你的头望向四周

and see how the vista around you grows.

看看在你周围不断延伸的自然美景。

It literally propels you upwards.

这真的会驱使你继续前进。

That's what perspective is all about.

这正是展望的意义。

Or you can also look back in time

或者你也可以回头望望

and realize that you've already conquered

意识到你已经征服过

steeper mountains before.

那些较陡的山坡。

And that's how they develop self-esteem.

这正是他们建立自尊自信的方法。

Now, let me give you an example of how it works.

现在让我举个例子。

You stand with your bike at the beginning of February.

在二月初你站在自行车旁。

It's very cold, and you're standing in one of these rainy days,

气温非常低，而且你还在经常下雨的时候要骑行，

and it's drizzling

现在正下着毛毛雨

and cold and chilly,

寒冷至极，

and you're standing in, let's say, Yokneam.

假设，你现在正站在Yokneam（以色列北部的一个小城）。

And you look up at the sky through a hole in the clouds

抬头仰望天空和云。

you see the monastery at the top of the Muhraka --

你将看到Muhraka顶部的修道院——

that's where you're supposed to climb now --

那就是你要骑到的地方——

and you say, "There's no way that I could possibly get there."

然后你会说，“我绝对不可能到得了那。”

And yet, two hours later

但是，两个小时候后，

you find yourself standing on the roof of this monastery,

你发现自己骑到了并站在这个修道院的屋顶上，

smeared with mud,

浑身沾满泥土，

blood and sweat.

并付出心血与汗水。

And you look down at Yokneam;

然后你向下望向Yokneam，

everything is so small and tiny.

所有的东西都变得如此微小。

And you say, "Hey, Alex. Look at this parking lot where we started.

然后你就会说，“嘿，亚历克斯，看看我们出发的那个停车场。

It's that big.

它只有那么点大。

I can't believe that I did it."

我们真地做到了，这真是不可思议。”

And that's the point

而这就是

when you start loving yourself.

你开始热爱自己的时刻。

And so we talked about

所以我们讨论

these special words that we teach them.

这些我们教给他们的词语。

And at the end of each ride, we sit together

在每次骑行结束后，我们坐在一起

and share moments

分享这一天中

in which those special words of the day

那些特殊的词语出现

popped up and made a difference,

并产生了一些改变的瞬间。

and these discussions

这些讨论

can be extremely inspiring.

是非常令人振奋的。

In one of them, one of the kids once said,

在他们中间，有一个孩子曾经说，

"When we were riding on this ridge

“当我们在这个俯瞰死海的

overlooking the Dead Sea --

山脊上骑车时——

and he's talking about this spot here --

他说的是这个地方——

"I was reminded

我想起了

of the day when I left my village in Ethiopia

我离开埃塞俄比亚村庄的那一天，

and went away together with my brother.

我是和我的兄弟一起离开的。

We walked 120 kilometers

我们走了120公里

until we reached Sudan.

一直走到苏丹。

This was the first place where we got some water and supplies."

那是我们第一个得到水和补给的地方。”

And he goes on saying, and everyone looks at him like a hero,

他继续说着，每个人都像看着一个英雄一样望着他，

probably for the first time in his life.

而这可能是他生命里的第一次。

And he says -- because I also have volunteers riding with me,

他继续说着——因为有成年志愿者和我一起骑行，

adults, who are sitting there

也坐在这

listening to him --

听他讲述。

and he says, "And this was just the beginning

他说，“这只是对我们自身

of our ordeal

苦难的考验

until we ended up in Israel.

直到我们到达以色列。

And only now," he says,

而直到现在，”他说道，

"I'm beginning to understand where I am,

“我才意识到我身在何处，

and I actually like it."

而且我喜欢上它了。”

Now I remember, when he said it,

当他说这番话的时候，

I felt goosebumps on my body,

我感到肃然起敬，

because he said it overlooking the Moab Mountains here in the background.

因为他边说边望向摩押山。

That's where Joshua descended

那是约书亚开始下行

and crossed the Jordan

穿越约旦

and led the people of Israel into the land of Canaan

并带领以色列的人民来到了迦南（上帝应允给亚伯拉罕的地方），

3,000 years ago

这是3000年前

in this final leg

始于非洲的漫漫征途

of the journey from Africa.

的最后一段。

And so, perspective

因此展望，环境和历史

and context and history

在我设计与这些孩子的

play key roles

骑行计划时

in the way I plan my rides

起到了

with the kids.

关键作用。

We visit Kibbutzim

我们拜访了由大屠杀幸存者

that were established by Holocaust survivors.

建起来的以色列集体农场。

We explore ruins

我们探索了

of Palestinian villages,

巴勒斯坦的村庄废墟，

and we discuss how they became ruins.

并一起讨论这里是如何变成这个样子的。

And we go through numerous remnants

我们穿越了许多残存的

of Jewish settlements, Nabatic settlements,

犹太定居点，纳巴提克定居点，

Canaanite settlements --

和迦南人定居点，

three-, four, five-thousand years old.

这些已有三四千到五千年的历史了。

And through this tapestry,

从这些代表以色列国家历史的

which is the history of this country,

的美妙景色中，

the kids acquire

孩子们获得了

what is probably the most important

教育过程中也许

value in education,

最重要的东西，

and that is the understanding that life is complex,

那就是理解生活是复杂多元化的，

and there's no black and white.

没有简单的黑与白。

And by appreciating complexity,

通过领会这个复杂多元化，

they become more tolerant,

他们变得更加能忍耐，

and tolerance leads to hope.

而忍耐则带来希望。

I ride with these kids once a week,

我与这些孩子每周一起骑行一次，

every Tuesday.

每个周二。

Here's a picture I took last Tuesday -- less than a week ago --

这是我上个周二拍的照片——不到一周之前——

and I ride with them tomorrow also.

我明天也会和他们一同骑车出行。

In every one of these rides

每一次出行

I always end up standing in one of these incredible locations,

我总会站在像这样的不可思议的地方，

taking in this incredible landscape around me,

游目骋怀。

and I feel blessed and fortunate

我感到恩惠与幸运，

that I'm alive,

因为我活着，

and that I sense every fiber

我感受着身体里

in my aching body.

每一根疼痛的神经。

And I feel blessed and fortunate

我感到恩惠与幸运，

that 15 years ago

因为15年前

I had the courage to resign

我有勇气辞去了

my tenured position at NYU

纽约大学的终身职位

and return to my home country

并回到了我的故乡，

where I can do these incredible rides

与这些来自埃塞俄比亚，

with this group of troubled kids

摩洛哥和俄罗斯的

coming from Ethiopia

问题少年一起开始

and Morocco and Russia.

这些不可思议的自行车之旅。

And I feel blessed and fortunate

我感到恩惠与幸运

that every week, every Tuesday --

因为每周周二

and actually every Friday also --

实际上还有周五，

I can once again celebrate

我可以再一次用

in the marrow of my bones

最纯粹的身心

the very essence of living in Israel on the edge.

去感悟生活在以色列的山峦间的精髓。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）