We can fight terror without sacrificing our rights | Rebecca MacKinnon

Translator: Leah Ligate Reviewer: Joachim Mangilima

There's a big question at the center of life

Kuna swali kubwa katikati ya maisha yetu

katika demokrasia yetu leo:

in our democracies today:

How do we fight terror without destroying democracies,

Tunapambanaje na ugaidi bila kuharibu demokrasia,

without trampling human rights?

bila kukanyaga haki za binadamu?

I've spent much of my career working with journalists,

Nimetumia muda mwingi wa kazi yangu kufanyakazi na waandishi wa habari,

with bloggers,

na waandishi wa blogu,

with activists,

na wanaharakati,

with human rights researchers all around the world,

na watafiti wa haki za binadamu duniani kote.

and I've come to the conclusion

na nimefikia hitimisho

that if our democratic societies do not double down

kwamba ikiwa jamii zetu za kidemokrasia hazita simama kidete

katika kulinda na kutetea haki za binadamu,

on protecting and defending human rights,

freedom of the press

uhuru wa vyombo vya habari

and a free and open internet,

na mtandao wa intaneti huru na wazi;

radical extremist ideologies are much more likely to persist.

itikadi zenye siasa kali zinaweza kuendelea kuwepo

(Applause)

(Makofi)

OK, nimemaliza. Asanteni sana.

OK, all done. Thank you very much.

No, just joking.

Hapana, natania.

(Laughter)

(Kicheko)

I actually want to drill down on this a little bit.

Ninataka kuendelea kuchambua kwenye hili suala kidogo.

So, one of the countries that has been on the frontlines of this issue

Kwahiyo, nchi mojawapo ambayo imekuwa mstari wa mbele kwa suala hili

is Tunisia,

ni Tunisia,

which was the only country to come out of the Arab Spring

ambayo ni nchi pekee iliyotoka kwenye nchi za mapinduzi ya Uarabuni

with a successful democratic revolution.

kwa mafanikio ya mapinduzi kidemokrasia.

Five years later,

Miaka mitano baadaye,

they're struggling with serious terror attacks

wanapambana na mashambulio makubwa ya kigaidi

na kuenea kwa wanaojiunga na ISIS.

and rampant ISIS recruitment.

And many Tunisians are calling on their government

Na raia wengi wa Tunisia wanaitaka serikali yao

to do whatever it takes to keep them safe.

kufanya chochote inachoweza wawe salama.

Tunisian cartoonist Nadia Khiari

Mchora katuni wa Tunisia Nadia Khiari

has summed up the situation with this character who says,

amejumuisha hali iliyopo kutumia mhusika anayesema,

"Sijali chochote kuhusu haki za binadamu.

"I don't give a damn about human rights.

I don't give a damn about the revolution.

Sijali chochote kuhusu mapinduzi.

I don't give a damn about democracy and liberty.

Sijali chochote kuhusu demokrasia na uhuru

I just want to be safe."

Ninachotaka ni kuwa salama."

"Satisfied?" asked his jailer.

"Umeridhika?" aliuliza aliyemfunga

"You're safe now."

"Uko salama sasa."

If the Tunisian people can figure out

Ikiwa watu wa Tunisia wanaweza kugundua

how to deal with their terrorism problem

jinsi ya kushughulikia tatizo lao la ugaidi

without ending up in this place,

bila kuishia sehemu hii,

they will be a model not only for their region,

watakuwa mfano wa kuigwa si kwa eneo lao tu

but for all of us.

bali kwetu sote.

The reality is that civil society, journalists and activists

Ukweli ni kwamba jamii za kiraia, waandishi wa habari na wanaharakati

are coming under attack from extremist groups on the one hand,

wanashambuliwa zaidi na makundi yenye siasa kali kwa upande mmoja,

and, in many countries,

na katika nchi nyingi,

pia kutoka kwenye serikali zao wenyewe.

also from their own governments.

We're seeing bloggers and journalists being jailed,

Tunaona waandishi wa blogu na waandishi wa habari wakifungwa,

charged and intimidated

wakishtakiwa na kutishwa

by their own governments,

na serikali zao wenyewe,

many of which are allies with the West in the war on terror.

wengi ambao wanashirikiana na nchi za Magharibi katika vita vya ugaidi

Just three examples.

Nitatoa mifano mitatu.

A friend and former colleague of mine,

Rafiki yangu na mshirika wangu zamani,

Hisham Almiraat,

Hisham Almiraat,

has been charged with threatening state security,

ameshtakiwa kwa kutishia usalama wa taifa,

along with six other activists in Morocco.

pamoja na wanaharakati wengine sita nchini Morocco.

Mwanablogu wa Saudi Raif Badawi amefungwa na kuchapwa viboko

The Saudi blogger Raif Badawi has been jailed and flogged

for insulting Islam and criticizing the Saudi regime on his blog.

kwa kuutusi Uislamu na kukosoa utawala wa Saudi kwenye blogu yake.

More recently, the Turkish representative for Reporters Without Borders,

Hivi karibuni ,mwakilishi wa Uturuki kwa Waandishi wa habari Wasio na Mipaka,

Erol Önderoglu,

Erol Onderoglu,

has been detained and charged with spreading terrorist propaganda,

amewekwa kizuizini na kushtakiwa kwa kueneza propaganda za kigaidi,

because he and some other activists have been supporting Kurdish media.

kwakuwa yeye na wanaharakati wengine wanaunga mkono vyombo vya habari Kurdi.

Hatua za kupinga ugaidi haraka zinageuka kandamizi kwa taifa

Anti-terror measures quickly turn into state repression

without strong protection for minority communities

bila ulinzi madhubuti kwa jamii ya walio wachache

and for peaceful debate;

na kwa mdahalo wa amani;

this needs to be supported by a robust, independent local media.

hii inahitaji kuungwa mkono na chombo huru cha habari

But while that's not really happening,

Lakini kwa kuwa hiyo haitokei,

Washington inaungana na Silicon Valley pamoja na Hollywood

Washington is teaming up with Silicon Valley and with Hollywood

to pour millions -- hundreds of millions of dollars --

kuweka mamilioni-- mamia ya mamilioni ya dola

katika kinachoitwa "kupinga - ujumbe"

into what's called "counter-messaging,"

a fancy word for propaganda.

neno la kistaarabu kwa propaganda.

Kupinga kwa propaganda za kigaidi kuenea kwenye mitandao yote ya intaneti

To counter the terrorist propaganda spreading all over the internet,

in Europe, Internet Referral Units are being set up,

barani Ulaya, Vitengo vya rufaa ya intaneti vinaanzishwa,

so that people can report on extremist content that they find

ili kwamba watu waweze kutoa taarifa kuhusu habari za siasa kali watakazoona

and get it censored.

na kufanya zidhibitiwe

The problem is,

Tatizo ni,

that all of this propaganda, monitoring and censorship

kwamba propaganda zote hizi ufuatiliaji na udhibiti

completely fails to make up for the fact

umeshindwa kabisa kuona kwamba

that the people who are the most credible voices,

wale watu ambao wana sauti zinazoaminika,

who can present credible ideas and alternative solutions

wanaoweza kuwakilisha mawazo yanayoaminika na njia mbadala

to real economic, social and political problems in their community

kwa matatizo ya kweli kiuchumi kijamii na kisiasa kwenye jumuiya zao

that are causing people to turn to extremism in the first place,

ambao wanaosababisha watu wageukie kwenye siasa kali mwanzoni

are being silenced by their own governments.

wananyamazishwa na serikali zao wenyewe.

This is all adding up to a decrease in freedom across the world.

Hii inaongezea kushuka kwa uhuru pande zote duniani.

Freedom House,

Nyumba ya Uhuru

shirika la haki za binadamu,

the human rights organization,

limetoa tarrifa kwamba mwaka 2015 ni kilele cha mwaka wa 10 mfululizo

reports that 2015 marks the 10th straight year in a row

of decline in freedom worldwide.

wa kushuka kwa uhuru duniani.

And this is not just because of the actions

Na hii sio tu kwasababu ya matendo

of authoritarian governments.

ya serikali za kimabavu.

It's also because democratic governments

Ni kwasababu pia serikali za kidemokrasia

are increasingly cracking down on dissenters,

zinazongeza kuwasaka wapinzani,

whistle-blowers

watoa taarifa

na waandishi wa habari za uchunguzi.

and investigative journalists.

UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon has warned

Katibu Mkuu wa Umoja wa Mataifa Ban Ki- Moon alionya

that "preventing extremism and promoting human rights go hand-in-hand."

kwamba "kuzuia siasa kali na kukuza haki za binadamu vinaenda sambamba."

It's not to say that governments shouldn't keep us safe --

Sio kusema kwamba serikali zisituweke salama--

of course they should --

inabidi wafanye hivyo--

but we need public oversight, transparency

ila tunahitaji ungalizi wa uwazi kwa umma

and accountability to the rule of law.

na uwajibikaji kwenye utawala wa sheria.

Meanwhile,

Wakati huo huo,

extremists are literally killing off civil society in some countries.

wenye siasa kali huwa wanaua jamii ya raia katika baadhi ya nchi.

Since 2013 in Bangladesh,

Tangu mwaka 2013 nchini Bangladesh,

over a dozen secular bloggers and community activists

zaidi ya mabloga kwa idadi kubwa na wanaharakati wa jamii

have been literally slaughtered by extremists

wamechinjwa kabisa na wafuasi wa siasa kali

while the government has done very little.

huku serikali ikichukua hatua kidogo sana.

Kutoka mji wa Raqqa Syria,

From the city of Raqqa in Syria,

people like Ruqia Hassan and Naji Jerf have been assassinated

watu kama Ruqia Hassan na Naji Jerf wameuwawa

for their reporting out of ISIS-controlled territory.

kwa kutoa kwao taarifa nje ya himaya zinazodhibitiwa na ISIS.

The citizen media group called Raqqa is Being Slaughtered Silently

Kundi la wanahabari wanaoitwa Raqqa Inauwawa Kimya Kimya

relies on strong encryption to send out their reports

linategemea taarifa zilizodhibitiwa usiri kutuma ripoti zao

na kujikinga wenyewe mbali na vizuizi na kupelelezwa.

and shield themselves from interception and surveillance.

Bado mamlaka katika nchi kama Marekani,

Yet authorities in countries like the United States,

the United Kingdom and many other democracies

Uingereza na nyingine nyingi za demokrasia

are seeking to use the law

zinatafuta kutumia sheria

to either weaken or outright ban strong encryption,

ya aidha kudhoofisha au kuzuia kabisa udhibiti mkubwa wa usiri kwenye taarifa

because the bad guys are using it, too.

kwasababu watu wabaya wanautumia pia

We have got to fight for the right of citizens to use strong encryption.

Tunatakiwa tupiganie haki ya wananchi kutumia udhibiti mkubwa wa usiri.

Otherwise, dissent and investigative journalism

ama sivyo, upinzani na uandishi wa habari za uchunguzi

are going to become even more difficult

utapelekea kuwa na ugumu zaidi

in even more places.

katika sehemu nyingi zaidi.

And the bad guys -- the criminals and terrorists --

na watu wabaya--wahalifu na magaidi--

bado wataendelea kutafuta njia za kuwasiliana

are still going to find ways to communicate.

Kudos to the companies that are standing up

Pongezi kwa makampuni ambayo yanasimamia

haki ya watumiaji wake kutumia usiri

for their users' right to use encryption.

But when it comes to censorship,

Lakini inapokuja kwenye udhibiti,

the picture is much more troubling.

haileti picha nzuri.

Yes, there's a real problem

Ndio, kunatatizo kubwa

of extremist content spreading all over the internet.

la taarifa za siasa kali kuenea kote kwenye mitandao ya intaneti

And Facebook, YouTube and Twitter are among the many companies

Na Facebook, YouTube na Twitter ni kati ya makampuni mengi

who report having taken down hundreds of thousands of pieces of content

ambayo wameripoti kushusha mamia ya maelfu ya vipande vya taarifa

and deactivating accounts

na kuzima akaunti

that are connected to the extremist's speech.

ambazo zinahusianishwa na maneno ya siasa kali

The problem is their enforcement mechanisms are a complete black box,

Tatizo ni utaratibu wao wa kutekeleza sheria haueleweki kabisa

and there is collateral damage.

na kuna uharibifu mkubwa.

Take, for example, Iyad el-Baghdadi,

Kwa mfano, lyad el- Baghdadi,

an activist who makes fun of ISIS on Twitter.

mwanaharakati anayekejeli ISIS kupitia Twitter.

akaunti yake ilizimwa,

He had his account deactivated,

kwasababu jina la ubini wake linafanana na kiongozi mkubwa wa ISIS.

because he shares a surname with a prominent ISIS leader.

Last December,

Disemba iliyopita,

a number of women named Isis,

wanawake wenye majina ya Isis,

ambalo pia ni jina la Mungu wa kike Misri

which also happens to be the name of an Egyptian goddess,

had their accounts deactivated.

akaunti zao zilizimwa

And this woman,

Na huyu mwanamke,

who lives in the United States and is a computer programmer,

anayeishi nchini Marekani na ni Programa wa Kompyuta

reported on Twitter about her deactivation on Facebook,

aliripoti juu mtandao wa Twitter kuhusu kuzimiwa kwenye Facebook

managed to get enough media attention to have her account reinstated.

aliweza kuonwa na vyombo vya habari na kufanya wamrudishie akaunti yake.

But that's the thing -- she had to get media attention.

Ila hicho ndio alichofanya-- kuonwa na vyombo vya habari

Na waandishi wa habari hawaponi

And journalists aren't immune.

David Thomson,

David Thomson,

an expert on terrorism and reporter for Radio France International,

mtaalamu wa ugaidi na mtangazaji wa Radio ya Kimataifa ya Ufaransa,

ripoti zake zilifutwa kwenye akaunti yake Facebook

had reports deleted from his Facebook account

and had his account deactivated for several days,

na akaunti yake ikazimwa kwa siku chache,

because they contained pictures of ISIS flags,

kwasababu zilikuwa na picha zenye bendera za ISIS,

even though he was just reporting on ISIS,

ingawa alikuwa anaripoti kuhusu ISIS

not promoting it.

sio kuhamasisha.

And then we have stories from people like this Egyptian man,

Na pia tuna hadithi kutoka kwa watu kama mtu wa Misri,

Ahmed Abdellahy,

Ahmed Abdellahy,

who reported recently in an event in Washington DC

aliyeripoti hivi karibuni tukio la Washington DC

kuwa majadiliano yake na wenye siasa kali--

that some of his arguments with extremists --

he now spends his time on social media arguing with ISIS followers,

hutumia muda wake kwenye mitandao ya jamii kujadiliana na wafuasi wa ISIS

trying to get them to turn away --

kujaribu kuwabadili mawazo--

baadhi ya majadiliano yake na wenye siasa kali hufutwa,

some of his arguments with these extremists get deleted,

ambapo anaamini kuna athari katika kuyakinga

which he believes has the effect of shielding them

from alternative points of view.

kutoka kwenye mtazamo mwingine.

It's unclear whether Facebook even knows the extent

Haiko wazi ikiwa mtandao wa Facebook kama unaelewa kiasi

of the collateral damage,

cha uharibifu mkubwa,

au makampuni mengine pia.

or the other companies as well.

But we do know that journalism, activism and public debate

Lakini tunajua kwamba uandishi wa habari uanaharakati na mijadala ya umma

are being silenced in the effort to stamp out extremist speech.

inanyamazishwa katika juhudi za kuweka muhuri maneno ya siasa kali.

So with these companies having so much power over the public discourse,

Hivyo kwa makampuni haya kuwa na nguvu sana kuhusu mihadhara ya umma,

they need to be held accountable.

yanahitaji kuwajibishwa.

They need to carry out impact assessment

Yanahitaji kufanya tathmini yakinifu

to identify and fix the problems that we're clearly seeing.

na kuainisha na kutatua matatizo ambayo tunayaona wazi.

They need to be more transparent about their enforcement mechanisms,

Yanahitaji kuwa wazi zaidi kuhusu njia zao za utekelezaji sheria,

and they need to have clear appeal and grievance mechanisms,

na wanahitaji kuwa wazi kwa mbinu za ukataji rufaa na kutoa malalamiko,

so people can get their content reinstated.

ili watu waweze kurudishiwa vitu walivyoandika.

Now, I've been talking for the last 10 minutes

Sasa, nimekuwa nikiongea kwa dakika kumi zilizopita

about how governments and companies are making it more difficult

kuhusu jinsi serikali na makampuni wanavyoleta ugumu zaidi

for people like these.

kwa watu kama hawa.

This is a picture of members of the citizen media network,

Hii ni picha ya wanachama wa mtandao wa vyombo vya habari vya raia,

Global Voices,

Sauti za Dunia,

niliyosaidia kuanzisha miaka 10 iliyopita

that I helped to cofound over 10 years ago

na rafiki yangu Ethan Zuckerman.

with my friend, Ethan Zuckerman.

Inafurahisha, karibia miaka 5 iliyopita mara baada ya Mapinduzi ya Uarabuni,

Interestingly, about 5 years ago, right after the Arab Spring,

the data scientist Gilad Lotan

mwanasayansi wa data Gilad Lotan

created a network map of the people in Global Voices

aliunda ramani ya mtandao wa watu katika Sauti za Dunia

who were heavy users of Twitter during the Arab Spring.

waliokuwa wakitumia Twitter wakati wa Mapinduzi ya Uarabuni.

And he found that many of these people served as key information nodes

Na aligundua kwamba wengi wa hawa watu walitumika kama kiungo cha mawasiliano

between activists and journalists

kati ya wanaharakati na waandishi

throughout the Tunisian and Egyptian revolution.

kipindi chote cha mapinduzi ya Tunisia na Misri.

We've got to make sure that these people not only survive,

Tunatakiwa tuhakikishe kwamba watu hawa hawaendelei kuishi tu,

but are able to continue to thrive.

bali wanaweza kuendelea kufanikiwa.

Many of them are still active,

Wengi wao bado wanafanya kazi,

other than the ones who have gone to jail

zaidi ya wale waliokwenda jela

or have been driven into hiding or exile.

au wako mafichoni au vizuizini.

All around the world,

Duniani kote,

people who are sick and tired of fear and oppression

watu ambao wamechoshwa na hofu na kuonewa

are linking up in their communities and across borders.

wanaunganika katika jumuia zao na kuvuka mipaka.

We've got to do everything we can to push our governments and companies

Tunatakiwa tufanye kila tunachoweza kusukuma serikali zetu na makampuni

to do a better job of protecting their rights.

kufanya kazi bora zaidi katika kulinda haki zao.

We've also got to be more mindful

Tunatakiwa pia tuwe wafikirivu zaidi

about how our own personal, political, consumer and business choices

kuhusu jinsi sisi wenyewe, kisiasa, wateja na chaguzi za biashara

affect people like these around the world.

zinavyoathiri watu kama hawa duniani kote.

Pia, ikiwa unafuatilia taarifa za habari

Also, if you follow the news,

it's pretty clear that that alone isn't going to be enough.

inaonyesha wazi kwamba hiyo pekee haitoshi.

We've got to take personal responsibility by joining --

Tunatakiwa tuchukue wajibu binafsi kwa kujiunga--

or at very least, actively supporting --

au hata kidogo kuunga mkono--

the growing ecosystem of individuals and groups

mazingira ya ukuaji wa makundi binafsi

who are fighting for social justice,

ambayo yanapigania hakijamii,

environmental sustainability,

mazingira endelevu,

government accountability,

uwajibikaji wa serikali

human rights, freedom of the press

haki za binadamu, uhuru wa habari

na intaneti huru na wazi,

and a free and open internet,

all around the world.

duniani kote

I believe that, ultimately, we can overcome

Nina amini kwamba, hatimaye tunaweza kuishinda

the digitally empowered networks of extremism, demagoguery and hate.

mitandao ya kidigitali iliyowezeshwa ya siasa kali, siasa za fujo na chuki.

But ...

Lakini...

tunatakiwa tufanye hivi kwa kuongeza mitandao ya dunia

we've got to do this by really beefing up the global networks

of citizens around the world,

ya raia duniani kote,

powered by people who are working hard every day,

ikiwezeshwa na watu ambao hufanya kazi kwa bidii kila siku,

and taking personal risk

na kuchukua hatua hatarishi

for a future world that is more peaceful, just, open and free.

kwa dunia ya kesho ambayo ni ya amani zaidi, yenye haki, wazi na huru.

Thanks very much for listening.

Asanteni sana kwa kusikiliza.

(Makofi)

(Applause)