An ingenious proposal for scaling up marine protection | The Nature Conservancy

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

Ah, earth's oceans.

Ah, okeani na zemlji.

They are beautiful, inspiring, life-sustaining.

Lepi su, inspirativni, održavaju život.

They are also, as you're probably quite aware, more or less screwed.

Takođe su, kao što ste verovatno prilično svesni, manje-više nadrljali.

In the Seychelles, for example,

Na Sejšelima su, na primer,

human activities and climate change have left corals bleached.

korali pobeleli zbog ljudskih aktivnosti i klimatskih promena.

Overfishing has caused fish stocks to plummet.

Prekomerni ribolov je doveo do opadanja zaliha ribe.

Biodiversity is in peril.

Biološka raznolikost je u opasnosti.

So what can we do?

Šta možemo da učinimo?

Well, some form of protection, obviously.

Pa, da zaštitimo na neki način, očigledno.

Nature is very resilient.

Priroda je veoma otporna.

When marine areas are strategically protected,

Kada su morska područja strateški zaštićena,

entire ecosystems can bounce back.

čitavi ekosistemi mogu da se oporave.

However, creating marine protected areas isn't easy.

Međutim, stvaranje zaštićenih morskih područja nije lako.

First, you have the issue of figuring out where to protect.

Prvo imate problem da otkrijete koje mesto da štitite.

This coral reef overlaps with that international fishing route,

Ovaj koralni greben se preklapa sa tim međunarodnim ribolovnim putem,

intersects with this fish hatchery.

ukršta se sa ovim ribljim mrestilištem.

Everything is interconnected.

Sve je međusobno povezano.

And marine protection plans must take into account

Planovi za zaštitu mora moraju uzeti u obzir

how one area affects another.

kako jedna oblast utiče na drugu.

Then, there's the issue of getting everyone on board.

Zatim je tu problem da se svi slože.

Priobalne ekonomije se često oslanjaju na ribolov i turizam.

Coastal economies often rely on fishing and tourism.

If people think they can't do their work,

Ako ljudi misle da ne mogu da rade svoj posao,

there's no chance of getting the local buy-in you need

nema šanse da ćete dobiti lokalnu podršku koja vam je potrebna

for the area to be successful.

da bi oblast bila uspešna.

Marine protected areas must also be enforced.

Zaštita morskih područja se takođe mora primenjivati.

That means the government itself must be deeply invested in the plan.

To znači da i sama vlast mora znatno ulagati u plan.

Token support will not cut it.

Sitna podrška ništa ne znači.

And finally, conservation requires money.

I, najzad, očuvanje zahteva novac.

A lot of it.

Mnogo novca.

Governments in island and coastal nations may want to protect their waters,

Vlasti u ostrvskim i priobalnim državama možda žele da zaštite svoje vode,

but often these nations have very high debt

ali često ove države imaju vrlo velike dugove

and can't afford to prioritize conservation.

i ne mogu da priušte da im očuvanje bude prioritet.

If we rely on philanthropic dollars alone to fund marine protection,

Ako se oslanjamo samo na filantropske fondove za zaštitu mora,

we might get a small marine-protected area here,

možda ćemo imati neku zaštićenu morsku oblast ovde

another little one there.

i još poneku malu oblast onde.

But we need more marine protected areas faster,

Ali treba nam više zaštićenih morskih oblasti brže

to have lasting impact.

da bi to imalo trajan uticaj.

So what exactly does smart ocean conservation look like?

Pa, kako tačno izgleda pametno očuvanje okeana?

How do we get the money, government support and careful planning

Kako da dobijemo novac, podršku vlasti i pažljive planove

that takes into account both local economies

koji uzimaju u obzir kako lokalne ekonomije,

and complex ecosystems?

tako i složene ekosisteme?

We want to share with you an audacious idea

Hteli bismo da podelimo sa vama smelu ideju

from The Nature Conservancy.

organizacije Očuvanje prirode.

It seeks to address all of these things in one fell swoop.

Ona nastoji da sve ove stvari reši jednim udarcem.

They've realized that debt held by island and coastal nations

Shvatili su da su upravo zaduženja ostrvskih i priobalnih naroda

is the very thing that will enable them to achieve their conservation goals.

ono što će im omogućiti da postignu ciljeve vezane za očuvanje.

TNC's idea is to restructure this debt,

Ideja organizacije je da se ovaj dug restrukturiše,

to generate the funds and political will

da se stvore sredstva i politička volja

to protect reefs, mangroves and fisheries.

za zaštitu grebena, morskog rastinja i ribarstva.

For example, if you refinance your house

Na primer, ako refinansirate kuću

to take advantage of a better interest rate,

da biste iskoristili bolju kamatnu stopu,

maybe you use the savings to insulate your attic.

možda ćete iskoristiti ušteđevinu da izolujete tavan.

That's what Blue Bonds for Conservation do for entire coastal countries.

To program Plave obveznice za očuvanje čini za čitave priobalne zemlje.

Refinance the debt,

Refinansira dug

i zatim koristi ušteđen novac za stvaranje zaštićenih morskih područja.

then use the savings to create marine protected areas.

Of course, sovereign debt restructuring is more complicated than that,

Naravno, restrukturiranje državnog duga je složenije od toga,

but you get the basic idea.

ali imate osnovnu predstavu.

If investors put in 40 million dollars now,

Ako investitori sada ulože 40 miliona dolara,

it can unlock as much as 1.6 billion for ocean conservation.

to može dati pristup čak 1,6 milijardi za očuvanje okeana.

And this is how the work gets done.

A ovako se taj posao obavlja.

Step one: negotiate the deal.

Prvi korak: pregovori o pogodbi.

A coastal nation commits to protect at least 30 percent of its ocean areas.

Priobalna nacija se obaveže da zaštititi bar 30 posto svojih okeanskih područja.

In exchange, The Nature Conservancy bring investors, public funders

Zauzvrat, Očuvanje prirode dovodi investitore, javne finansijere

and international development organizations

i međunarodne razvojne organizacije za pregovarački sto

to the table to restructure a portion of the nation's debt,

radi restrukturiranja dela državnog duga,

leading to lower interest rates and longer repayment periods.

što dovodi do nižih kamatnih stopa i dužih perioda otplate.

Step two: create a marine plan.

Drugi korak: stvoriti plan za mora.

Simultaneously, The Nature Conservancy works with marine scientists,

Istovremeno, Očuvanje prirode sarađuje sa morskim naučnicima,

government leaders and local stakeholders

liderima iz vlasti i lokalnim akterima

to create a detailed conservation plan

na izradi detaljnog plana očuvanja

that integrates the needs of the ocean with the needs of the people.

koji integriše potrebe okeana sa potrebama ljudi.

Step three: activate for longevity.

Treći korak: aktiviranje u cilju dugovečnosti.

TNC establishes an independently run conservation trust fund.

Organizacija uspostavlja nezavisni fond za očuvanje prirode.

The savings from the debt restructure goes into it

Ušteđevina od restrukturiranja duga

to support new marine protected areas.

ulazi u taj fond za podršku novim zaštićenim morskim područjima.

The trust then holds the government accountable for its commitments,

Ovaj fond potom poziva vlast na odgovornost prema obavezama,

starajući se da Plave obveznice finansiraju stvarne aktivnosti zaštite.

ensuring that the Blue Bonds finance real protection efforts.

Could this plan work?

Da li bi taj plan mogao da uspe?

It already has.

Već je uspeo.

In 2016, TNC helped create a national conservation plan in the Seychelles.

Godine 2016, Očuvanje prirode je pomoglo

u stvaranju nacionalnog plana očuvanja na Sejšelima.

TNC restructured 22 million dollars of the government's debt.

Očuvanje prirode je restrukturisalo 22 miliona dolara duga vlade.

And in exchange, the government agreed to protect 30 percent of its marine areas.

Zauzvrat, vlast se složila da zaštiti 30 odsto svojih morskih područja.

Today, the Seychelles is on track

Danas su Sejšeli na putu

to protect 400,000 square kilometers of ocean.

da zaštite 400 000 kvadratnih kilometara okeana.

That's an area roughly the size of Germany.

To je otprilike područje veličine Nemačke.

The Seychelles is protecting its coral reefs,

Sejšeli štite svoje koralne grebene,

it's replenishing its fisheries,

obnavljaju svoje ribnjake,

it's improving its resilience to climate change.

poboljšavaju svoju otpornost na klimatske promene.

At the same time, it's strengthening its economy.

Istovremeno jačaju svoju ekonomiju.

This success is making other governments take note.

Ovaj uspeh privlači pažnju drugih vlasti.

Many want to be part of this.

Mnoge žele da budu deo ovoga.

There's an opportunity to scale this up, dramatically.

Postoji prilika da se ovo drastično uveća.

And fast.

I to brzo.

TNC has identified 20 more nations where such a plan should be possible.

Očuvanje prirode je pronašlo još 20 zemalja gde je takav plan moguć.

But to execute, they need seed capital.

Ali za izvršenje im treba početni kapital,

And to put in place local teams who can develop conservation plans,

kao i da se uspostave lokalni timovi koji mogu razviti planove očuvanja,

work with all the stakeholders and structure the deals.

da se sarađuje sa svim učesnicima i strukturiše dogovor.

If they get the support they need over the next five years,

Ako dobiju podršku koja im je potrebna u narednih pet godina,

they could protect four million square kilometers of ocean.

mogli bi da zaštite četiri miliona kvadratnih kilometara okeana.

That's 10 Germanies.

To je 10 Nemački.

This would increase the amount of protected areas

Time bi se povećala količina zaštićenih područja

in all of the world's oceans

u svim svetskim okeanima

by an incredible 15 percent.

za neverovatnih 15 procenata.

It would allow vast tracks of the world's coral reefs to replenish

To bi omogućilo da se obnove ogromna područja koralnih grebena u svetu

and give safe harbor to countless species.

i da se pruži sigurna luka za bezbroj vrsta.

This would be truly incredible.

Ovo bi bilo zaista neverovatno.

And it's really just the beginning.

I to je zapravo samo početak.

Because there aren't 20 countries in the world

Zato što u svetu ne postoji 20 zemalja

where this kind of debt conversion would work.

gde bi ova vrsta konverzije duga funkcionisala.

There are almost 100.

Ima ih skoro 100.

With this approach, everyone wins.

Ovim pristupom svi dobijaju.

Governments, local citizens, funders,

Vlade, lokalno stanovništvo, finansijeri

and most importantly, our oceans.

i, što je najvažnije, naši okeani.

So in fact, we all win.

Tako, u stvari, svi pobeđujemo.

Ah, earth's oceans.

Ah, okeani na planeti.

[The Audacious Project]

[Smeli projekat]