An ingenious proposal for scaling up marine protection | The Nature Conservancy

Prevoditelj: Marino Žarnić Recezent: Sanda L

Ah, earth's oceans.

Zemljini oceani.

They are beautiful, inspiring, life-sustaining.

Prekrasni su, nadahnjuju i podržavaju život.

They are also, as you're probably quite aware, more or less screwed.

Oni su, vjerojatno to znate, više ili manje uništeni.

In the Seychelles, for example,

Na Sejšelskim otocima

human activities and climate change have left corals bleached.

ljudska aktivnost i klimatske promjene opustošili su koraljne grebene.

Overfishing has caused fish stocks to plummet.

Preveliki izlov je uništio riblji fond.

Biodiversity is in peril.

Bioraznolikost je u opasnosti.

So what can we do?

Što možemo učiniti?

Well, some form of protection, obviously.

Očito je potrebna neka zaštita.

Nature is very resilient.

Priroda je vrlo otporna.

When marine areas are strategically protected,

Kad neka morska područja strateški zaštitimo,

entire ecosystems can bounce back.

mogu se oporaviti cijeli ekosustavi.

However, creating marine protected areas isn't easy.

Ali, stvaranje zaštićenih morskih područja nije lako.

First, you have the issue of figuring out where to protect.

Prvi problem je izabrati lokaciju.

This coral reef overlaps with that international fishing route,

Ovaj koraljni greben se preklapa s onom velikom ribarskom rutom

intersects with this fish hatchery.

i još presijeca ovo ribogojilište.

Everything is interconnected.

Sve je međusobno povezano.

And marine protection plans must take into account

Plan zaštite morskog područja treba uzeti u obzir

how one area affects another.

utjecaj jednog područja na drugo.

Then, there's the issue of getting everyone on board.

Drugi problem je kako uključiti sve članove zajednice.

Glavni dio obalne ekonomije čine ribarstvo i turizam.

Coastal economies often rely on fishing and tourism.

If people think they can't do their work,

Ako ljudi misle da ne mogu odraditi svoj posao,

there's no chance of getting the local buy-in you need

neće se uključiti dovoljno zajednice

for the area to be successful.

da bi područje uspješno štitili.

Marine protected areas must also be enforced.

Zaštićena morska područja treba zakonski proglasiti.

That means the government itself must be deeply invested in the plan.

To znači da se i vlada mora jako zauzeti za plan.

Token support will not cut it.

Simbolična podrška neće dati rezultat.

And finally, conservation requires money.

Konačno, zaštita okoliša traži novac.

A lot of it.

Puno novca.

Governments in island and coastal nations may want to protect their waters,

Otočne i obalne države možda žele zaštititi svoja mora,

but often these nations have very high debt

ali te države često imaju veliki dug

and can't afford to prioritize conservation.

i ne mogu sebi priuštiti da okoliš ima prioritet.

If we rely on philanthropic dollars alone to fund marine protection,

Ako se oslonimo samo na dobrotvorne donacije,

we might get a small marine-protected area here,

moći ćemo štititi jedno malo područje ovdje

another little one there.

i drugo, opet malo, tamo.

But we need more marine protected areas faster,

Ali nama treba više zaštićenih područja, što brže,

to have lasting impact.

da bi nastao trajni učinak.

So what exactly does smart ocean conservation look like?

Kako točno izgleda pametna zaštita oceana?

How do we get the money, government support and careful planning

Kako se dobiva novac, vladina potpora i pažljivo planiranje

that takes into account both local economies

koje obuhvaća istovremeno i lokalno gospodarstvo

and complex ecosystems?

i složenost ekosustava?

We want to share with you an audacious idea

Podijelit ćemo s vama smionu ideju

from The Nature Conservancy.

iz The Nature Conservancy (TNC).

It seeks to address all of these things in one fell swoop.

Ideja obuhvaća sve ove probleme.

They've realized that debt held by island and coastal nations

Shvatili su da je dug otočnih i obalnih naroda

is the very thing that will enable them to achieve their conservation goals.

baš ona stvar koja će im omogućiti da postignu ciljeve zaštite.

TNC's idea is to restructure this debt,

Ideja TNC-a je restrukturiranje duga,

to generate the funds and political will

čime se stvaraju fondovi i politička volja

to protect reefs, mangroves and fisheries.

da se zaštite grebeni, mangrovi i ribolov.

For example, if you refinance your house

Primjerice, kad vi refinancirate kuću,

to take advantage of a better interest rate,

uzimate pogodnost niže kamatne stope,

maybe you use the savings to insulate your attic.

a ušteđenu svotu možda potrošite na izolaciju tavana.

That's what Blue Bonds for Conservation do for entire coastal countries.

Plave obveznice za ocean rade isto to za cijele obalne države.

Refinance the debt,

Reprogramiraju dug

then use the savings to create marine protected areas.

pa ušteđeno ulažu u stvaranje zaštićenih morskih područja.

Of course, sovereign debt restructuring is more complicated than that,

Reprogramiranje nacionalnog duga je puno složenije od rečenog,

but you get the basic idea.

ali shvaćate osnovnu ideju.

If investors put in 40 million dollars now,

Ako investitori danas ulože 40 milijuna dolara,

it can unlock as much as 1.6 billion for ocean conservation.

to sutra može osloboditi 1,6 milijardi za zaštitu oceana.

And this is how the work gets done.

A taj se posao obavlja ovako.

Step one: negotiate the deal.

Pvi korak: Pregovori

A coastal nation commits to protect at least 30 percent of its ocean areas.

Država se prvo obvezuje da će zaštititi bar 30% svog dijela oceana.

In exchange, The Nature Conservancy bring investors, public funders

The Nature Conservancy tada dovodi investitore, javne fondove

and international development organizations

i međunarodne razvojne organizacije

to the table to restructure a portion of the nation's debt,

kako bi restrukturirali dio nacionalnog duga,

leading to lower interest rates and longer repayment periods.

čime se dolazi do nižih kamatnih stopa i duljih perioda otplate.

Step two: create a marine plan.

Drugi korak: Stvoriti plan zaštite mora

Simultaneously, The Nature Conservancy works with marine scientists,

TNC istovremeno surađuje s biolozima mora,

government leaders and local stakeholders

vladom i lokalnim dioničarima

to create a detailed conservation plan

na izradi detaljnog plana zaštite

that integrates the needs of the ocean with the needs of the people.

koji integrira potrebe oceana s potrebama ljudi.

Step three: activate for longevity.

Treći korak: Osiguranje trajnosti

TNC establishes an independently run conservation trust fund.

TNC pokreće neovisnu zakladu za zaštitu okoliša.

The savings from the debt restructure goes into it

Uštede iz restrukturiranja duga se ulažu u zakladu

to support new marine protected areas.

i troše za nova zaštićena morska područja.

The trust then holds the government accountable for its commitments,

Zaklada prati ispunjava li vlada preuzete obveze

ensuring that the Blue Bonds finance real protection efforts.

kako bi se ''Plavim obveznicama'' financirali stvarni napori.

Could this plan work?

Može li ovaj plan uspjeti?

It already has.

Već jest.

In 2016, TNC helped create a national conservation plan in the Seychelles.

2016. TNC je stvorio nacionalni plan zaštite na Sejšelskim otocima.

TNC restructured 22 million dollars of the government's debt.

U TNC-u su restrukturirali 22 milijuna dolara vladinoga duga.

And in exchange, the government agreed to protect 30 percent of its marine areas.

A vlada se zauzvrat složila da će zaštititi 30 posto svog mora.

Today, the Seychelles is on track

Danas na Sejšelima

planiraju zaštititi još 400 000 km2 oceana.

to protect 400,000 square kilometers of ocean.

That's an area roughly the size of Germany.

To je područje veličine jedne Njemačke.

The Seychelles is protecting its coral reefs,

Sejšeli štite svoje koraljne grebene,

it's replenishing its fisheries,

obnavljaju riblji fond,

it's improving its resilience to climate change.

poboljšavaju otpornost na klimatske promjene.

At the same time, it's strengthening its economy.

Istovremeno jačaju i svoju ekonomiju.

This success is making other governments take note.

Druge su zemlje primijetile taj uspjeh.

Many want to be part of this.

I mnoge se žele priključiti.

There's an opportunity to scale this up, dramatically.

To je prilika da se sve ovo dramatično proširi.

And fast.

I jako brzo.

TNC has identified 20 more nations where such a plan should be possible.

U TNC-u su procijenili još 20 zemalja u kojima je moguć ovakav plan.

But to execute, they need seed capital.

Ali trebaju početni kapital.

And to put in place local teams who can develop conservation plans,

Trebaju i osnovati lokalni tim koji će razviti plan zaštite,

work with all the stakeholders and structure the deals.

pregovarati sa svim dioničarima i izraditi dogovore.

If they get the support they need over the next five years,

Dobiju li nužnu potporu u idućih pet godina,

mogli bi zaštititi 4 milijuna kvadratnih kilometara oceana.

they could protect four million square kilometers of ocean.

To je deset ukupnih površina Njemačke.

That's 10 Germanies.

This would increase the amount of protected areas

Tako bi povećali zaštićena područja

in all of the world's oceans

svih svjetskih oceana

by an incredible 15 percent.

za nevjerojatnih 15 posto.

It would allow vast tracks of the world's coral reefs to replenish

Obnovila bi se prostrana područja koraljnih grebena

and give safe harbor to countless species.

i stvorila utočišta brojnim vrstama.

This would be truly incredible.

Bilo bi to zaista nevjerojatno.

And it's really just the beginning.

A to je samo početak.

Because there aren't 20 countries in the world

Jer nema u cijelom svijetu samo 20 država

where this kind of debt conversion would work.

u kojima je moguća ovakva pretvorba duga.

There are almost 100.

Ima ih oko 100.

With this approach, everyone wins.

Ovakvim pristupom svatko dobiva.

Governments, local citizens, funders,

Vlade, lokalni građani, investitori,

and most importantly, our oceans.

i najvažnije, naši oceani.

So in fact, we all win.

Dobivamo, zapravo, svi.

Ah, earth's oceans.

Zemljini oceani.

[The Audacious Project]

[The Audacious Project]