How do you build a sacred space? | Siamak Hariri

Prevodilac: Sonja Simijonovic Lektor: Mile Živković

The school of architecture that I studied at some 30 years ago

Desilo se da je škola arhitekture gde sam studirao pre nekih 30 godina

happened to be across the street from the wonderful art gallery

baš preko puta predivne galerije umetnosti

designed by the great architect Louis Kahn.

koju je dizajnirao slavni arhitekta Luis Kan.

I love the building, and I used to visit it quite often.

Volim tu zgradu i često sam je posećivao.

One day,

Jednog dana,

I saw the security guard run his hand across the concrete wall.

video sam čuvara kako prelazi rukom preko betonskog zida.

And it was the way he did it,

Način na koji je on to uradio,

the expression on his face --

izraz na njegovom licu -

something touched me.

nešto u tome me je dirnulo.

I could see that the security guard was moved by the building

Video sam da je čuvar bio ganut zgradom

and that architecture has that capacity

i da arhiitektura ima sposobnost

to move you.

da vas pogodi.

I could see it, and I remember thinking,

Mogao sam to da vidim, i sećam se da sam pomislio,

"Wow. How does architecture do that?"

"Vau. Kako arhitektura to radi?"

At school, I was learning to design,

U školi sam učio da dizajniram,

but here -- here was a reaction of the heart.

ali ovde - ovde je bila reakcija iz srca.

And it touched me to the core.

Ganula me je do srži.

You know, you aspire for beauty,

Znate, težite lepoti,

for sensuousness, for atmosphere, the emotional response.

čulnosti, atmosferi, emotivnom odgovoru.

That's the realm of the ineffable

To je carstvo neopisivog

and the immeasurable.

i neizmernog.

And that's what you live for:

Za to živite:

a chance to try.

za priliku da probate.

So in 2003, there was an open call for designs

Tako je 2003. godine raspisan konkurs za dizajn

for the Bahá'í Temple for South America.

Bahajskog hrama u Južnoj Americi.

This was the first temple in all of South America.

Bio je to prvi hram u Južnoj Americi.

It's a continental temple,

To je kontinentalni hram,

a hugely important milestone for the Bahá'í community,

strašno važna prekretnica za Bahai zajednicu,

because this would be the last of the continental temples

jer bi ovo bio poslednji kontinentalni hram

and would open the door for national and local temples to be built

koji bi otvorio vrata za izgradnju nacionalnih i lokalnih hramova

around the world.

širom sveta.

And the brief was deceptively simple

Pismo je bilo varljivo prosto

and unique in the annals of religion:

i jedinstveno u analima religije:

a circular room, nine sides, nine entrances, nine paths,

kružna soba, devet strana, devet ulaza, devet puteva

allowing you to come to the temple from all directions,

koji vam dozvoljavaju da priđete hramu iz svih smerova,

nine symbolizing completeness,

devet simboliše upotpunjenost,

perfection.

savršenstvo.

No pulpit, no sermons,

Bez govornice, bez propoveda,

as there are no clergy in the Bahá'í faith.

jer u Bahai veri ne postoji sveštenstvo.

And in a world which is putting up walls,

U svetu koji podiže zidove,

the design needed to express in form

dizajn je formom trebalo da izrazi

the very opposite.

upravo suprotno.

It had to be open, welcoming

Morao je biti otvoren, primamljiv

to people of all faiths, walks of life, backgrounds,

ljudima svih vera, životnih stilova, pozadina,

or no faith at all;

ili ljudima bez vere;

a new form of sacred space

nov oblik svetog prostora

with no pattern

bez obrasca

or models to draw from.

ili modela po kojima bi radili.

It was like designing one of the first churches for Christianity

Bilo je kao dizajniranje jedne od prvih crkava za Hrišćanstvo

or one of the first mosques for Islam.

ili prvih džamija za Islam.

So we live in a secular world.

Živimo u sekularnom svetu.

How do you design sacred space today?

Kako danas dizajnirati sveto mesto?

And how do you even define what's sacred today?

Kako uopšte definisati šta je danas sveto?

I stumbled across this beautiful quote from the Bahá'í writings,

Naišao sam na ovaj lep citat iz Bahai zapisa

and it speaks to prayer.

koja govori o molitvi.

It says that if you reach out in prayer,

Kaže da ako se pomolite za nešto,

and if your prayer is answered -- which is already very interesting --

i molitva vam bude uslišena - što je već vrlo interesantno -

that the pillars of your heart will become ashine.

da će stubovi vašeg srca zasvetleti.

And I loved this idea of the inner and the outer,

Svidela mi se ova ideja unutrašnjeg i spoljašnjeg

like when you see someone and you say, "That person is radiant."

kao kada vidite nekoga i kažete "Ova osoba zrači."

And I was thinking, "My gosh, how could we make something

I mislio sam, "Bože, kako bi mogli da napravimo nešto

architectural out of that,

arhitektonsko od toga,

where you create a building

da stvorimo zgradu

and it becomes alive with light?

koja će oživeti svetlošću?

Like alabaster, if you kiss it with light, it becomes alive.

Kao alabaster, ako ga poljubite svetlošću, on oživi.

And I drew this sketch,

Nacrtao sam ovu skicu,

something with two layers, translucent

nešto dvoslojno, prozirno

with structure in between capturing light.

sa unutrašnjom strukturom koja hvata svetlost.

Maybe a pure form, a single form of emanation

Možda čista forma, jedinstvena forma emanacije,

that you could imagine

koju bi mogli zamisliti

would be all dome

kao kupolu

and everything we kept making was looking too much like an egg.

i sve što smo pravili previše je podsećalo na jaje.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

A blob.

Mrlja.

So you search.

I tako tražite.

You all know this crazy search, letting the process take you,

Svi znate za tu ludu potragu, puštate proces da vas vodi

and you live for the surprises.

i živite za iznenađenja.

And I remember quite by accident

Sećam se da sam sasvim slučajno

I saw this little video of a plant moving in light,

naišao na kratak video biljke koja se kreće u svetlosti,

and it made me think of movement,

i pomislio sam na pokret,

reach,

domašaj,

this idea that the temple could have reach,

na ideju da bi hram mogao imati doseg,

like this reach for the divine.

kao da poseže za božanskim.

You can imagine also

Možete takođe zamisliti

that movement within a circle could mean movement and stillness,

da pokret unutar kruga može značiti pokret i mirovanje,

like the cosmos,

kao svemir,

something you see in many places.

nešto što vidite na puno mesta.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

But rotation was not enough,

Ali rotacija nije bila dovoljna,

because we needed a form.

jer nam je bio potreban oblik.

In the Bahá'í writings, it talks about

U Bahai spisima, govori se

the temples being as perfect as is humanly possible,

o hramovima savršenim koliko je to ljudski moguće,

and we kept thinking, well, what is perfection?

i dalje smo mislili, pa, šta je savršenstvo?

And I remember I stumbled into this image of this Japanese basket

Sećam se da sam naišao na sliku japanske korpe

and thinking our Western notions of perfection need to be challenged,

i pomislio da treba izazvati naše zapadnjačke predstave o savršenom,

that this wonderful silhouette of this basket, this wonkiness,

da je prelepa silueta ove korpe, ta klimavost,

and that it has the kind of dimple of what you might imagine a shoulder

i da ima tu vrstu jamice na onome što bi moglo biti rame

or the cheekbone,

ili jagodična kost,

and that kind of organic form.

i tu vrstu organske forme.

And so we drew and made models,

Tako smo crtali i pravili modele,

these lines that merge at the top,

linije koje se spajaju na vrhu,

soft lines,

meke linije,

which became like drapery

koje su postale kao draperija,

and translucent veils and folding,

prozirni velovi i preklopi,

and the idea of not only folding but torquing --

ideja ne samo preklopa već i obrtanja -

you remember the plant and the way it was reaching.

sećate se biljke i načina na koji se pružala.

And this started to become an interesting form,

Počeo je da nastaje jedan zanimljiv oblik,

carving the base, making the entrances.

izrezivanje osnove, pravljenje ulaza.

And then we ended up with this.

Na kraju smo dobili ovo.

This is this temple with two layers,

Ovo je hram sa dva sloja,

nine luminous veils,

devet svetlih velova,

embodied light,

otelotvoreno svetlo,

soft-flowing lines

linije koje nežno teku

like luminescent drapery.

kao svetlosna zavesa.

180 submissions were received from 80 countries,

180 prijava je primljeno iz 80 država,

and this was selected.

i ovo je izabrano.

So we went to the next stage of how to build it.

Prešli smo na sledeći korak - izgradnju.

We had submitted alabaster.

Izložili smo alabaster.

But alabaster was too soft,

Ali alabaster je premek,

and we were experimenting, many experiments with materials,

pa smo dosta eksperimentisali sa materijalima

trying to think how we could have this kind of shimmer,

pokušavajući da nađemo tu vrstu svetlucanja,

and we ended up with borosilicate.

i pronašli smo borosilikat.

And borosilicate glass, as you know, is very strong,

Borosilikatno staklo, kao što znate, veoma je jako,

and if you break borosilicate rods just so and melt them

i ako prelomite borosilikatne šipke ovako i otopite ih

at just the right temperature,

na tačno određenoj temperaturi,

we ended up with this new material,

dobili smo taj novi materijal,

this new cast glass which took us about two years to make.

to novo izliveno staklo koje smo pravili oko dve godine.

And it had this quality that we loved,

Imalo je tu osobinu koju smo voleli,

this idea of the embodied light,

ideju o otelotvorenoj svetlosti,

but on the inside, we wanted something with a soft light,

ali iznutra smo želeli nešto sa mekim svetlom,

like the inner lining of a jacket.

kao postava sakoa.

On the outside you have protection, but on the inside you touch it.

Spolja imate zaštitu, ali iznutra ga dodirujete.

So we found this tiny vein in a huge quarry in Portugal

Tako smo našli malenu žilu u ogromnom kamenolomu u Portugalu

with this beautiful stone,

sa tim prelepim kamenom,

which the owner had kept for seven generations in his family,

koju je vlasnik čuvao u porodici sedam generacija,

waiting for the right project, if you can believe it.

čeakjući pravi projekat, verovali ili ne.

Look at this material, it's beautiful.

Pogledajte taj materijal, prelep je.

And the way it lights up; it has that translucent quality.

I način na koji se osvetljuje; ima tu prozračnost.

So here you see the structure.

Ovde vidite strukturu.

It lets the light through.

Propušta svetlo.

And looking down,

Na dole,

the nine wings are bound,

devet krila su vezana,

structurally but symbolically strong,

strukturalno ali simbolično jaka,

a great symbol of unity:

sjajan simbol jedinstva:

pure geometry, a perfect circle,

čista geometrija, savršen krug,

30 meters in section and in plan,

30 metara u preseku i u planu,

perfectly symmetrical,

savršena simetrija,

like the idea of sacredness and geometry.

kao ideja svetosti i geometrije.

And here you see the building going up,

Ovde vidite zgradu kako raste,

2,000 steel nodes,

2000 čeličnih čvorova,

9,000 pieces of steel,

9000 komada čelika,

7,800 stone pieces,

7800 kamenih delova,

10,000 cast glass pieces, all individual shapes,

10000 komada livenog stakla, svako jedinstvenog oblika,

the entire superstructure all described,

cela superstruktura opisana,

engineered, fabricated with aerospace technology,

projektovana, proizvedena vazduhoplovnom tehnologijom,

prefabricated machine to machine,

prethodno proizvedena mašinski,

robotically,

robotski,

a huge team effort, you can imagine,

ogroman timski rad, možete zamisliti,

of literally hundreds,

bukvalno stotina ljudi,

and within three percent of our $30 million budget

i u okviru tri posto od našeg budžeta od 30 miliona dolara,

set in 2006.

određenog 2006. godine.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Nine wings bound together

Devet krila međusobno vezanih

forming a nine-pointed star,

da formiraju devetokraku zvezdu,

and the star shape moving in space,

i zvezdani oblik koji se pomera u prostoru,

tracking the sun.

prateći sunce.

So here it is.

Dakle, evo ga.

Audience: Wow!

Publika: Vau!

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Hopefully, a befitting response to that beautiful quote,

Nadajmo se, prikladan odgovor na onaj divni citat,

"a prayer answered,"

"uslišena molitva,"

open in all directions,

otvoren u svim smerovima,

capturing the blue light of dawn,

hvatajući plavu svetlost zore,

tent-like white light of day,

belo dnevno svetlo nalik šatoru,

the gold light of the afternoon,

zlatnu svetlost popodneva,

and of course, at night, the reversal:

i naravno, noću, suprotnost:

sensuous,

čulno,

catching the light in all kinds of mysterious ways.

hvatajući svetlo na razne tajanstvene načine.

And the site: it's interesting; 14 years ago when we made the submission,

I mesto je interesantno; pre 14 godina kada smo predali projekat,

we showed the temple set against the Andes.

prikazali smo hram sa pozadinom Anda.

We didn't have the Andes as our site,

Nismo imali Ande na mestu izgradnje,

but after nine years, that's exactly where we ended up,

ali nakon devet godina to je upravo mesto na kome smo završili,

the lines of the temple set against nothing but pure nature,

linije hrama u prvom planu čiste prirode,

and you turn around and you get nothing but the city below you,

i okrenete se i vidite samo grad ispod sebe,

and inside, a view in all directions,

a iznutra, pogled u svim pravcima,

radiating gardens

vijugavi vrtovi

from each of the alcoves,

iz svakog udubljenja,

radiating paths.

vijugavi putevi.

Last October, the opening ceremonies --

Prošlog oktobra, ceremonija otvaranja -

a beautiful, sacred event,

prelep, sveti događaj,

5,000 people from 80 countries,

5000 ljudi iz 80 zemalja,

a continuous river of visitors,

neprekidna reka posetilaca,

indigenous people from all over South America,

domorodaca širom Južne Amerike,

some who had never left their villages.

od kojih neki nikada nisu napustili svoja sela.

And of course, that this temple belongs to people,

Naravno, ovaj hram pripada ljudima,

the collective, of many cultures and walks of life,

zajednici raznih kultura i životnih priča,

many beliefs,

mnogih verovanja,

and for me, what's most important is what it feels like on the inside;

i za mene, ono što je najbitnije je kako se oseća iznutra;

that it feel intimate,

da budi osećaj intimnosti,

sacred,

svetosti,

and that everyone is welcome.

i da su svi dobrodošli.

And if even a few who come

Ako bar neki od onih koji dođu

have the same reaction as that security guard,

imaju istu reakciju kao onaj čuvar,

then it truly would be their temple.

onda bi to zaista bio njihov hram.

And I would love that.

Ja bih bio oduševljen.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)