How do you build a sacred space? | Siamak Hariri

譯者: Yi-Chieh Chiu 審譯者: Phyllis Huang

The school of architecture that I studied at some 30 years ago

我在三十年前就讀的建築學院

happened to be across the street from the wonderful art gallery

對面是一座令人驚豔的美術館

designed by the great architect Louis Kahn.

是由名建築師路易斯．康設計

I love the building, and I used to visit it quite often.

我很愛這棟建築，也經常造訪

One day,

有一天

I saw the security guard run his hand across the concrete wall.

我看見警衛用手輕輕劃過水泥牆

And it was the way he did it,

而看著他這樣的舉動

the expression on his face --

還有臉上的神情

something touched me.

某種東西觸動了我

I could see that the security guard was moved by the building

我可以看出警衛也深受那棟建築感動

and that architecture has that capacity

建築就是有這樣的魔力

to move you.

足以感動人心

I could see it, and I remember thinking,

這個場景仍歷歷在目，我當時想著

"Wow. How does architecture do that?"

哇，建築要怎麼擁有這種力量

At school, I was learning to design,

我在學校裡學的是設計

but here -- here was a reaction of the heart.

但在這裡的—卻是心靈的真實反映

And it touched me to the core.

那深深觸動了我

You know, you aspire for beauty,

我們知道，人們追尋美麗的事物

for sensuousness, for atmosphere, the emotional response.

是為了感官愉悅或氣氛

這類情感上的需求

That's the realm of the ineffable

這是個無法言喻

and the immeasurable.

也不可丈量的領域

And that's what you live for:

這就是我們生活的目的：

a chance to try.

擁有嘗試的機會

So in 2003, there was an open call for designs

2003年時有場公開徵選

for the Bahá'í Temple for South America.

徵的是南美洲巴哈伊靈曦堂的設計圖

This was the first temple in all of South America.

這在當時是全南美第一間靈曦堂

It's a continental temple,

且是間洲際性的靈曦堂

a hugely important milestone for the Bahá'í community,

是巴哈伊信仰的重大里程碑

because this would be the last of the continental temples

這是最後一座洲際性神廟

and would open the door for national and local temples to be built

也促使地區靈曦堂遍布於

around the world.

世界各地

And the brief was deceptively simple

它的結構看似簡單

and unique in the annals of religion:

在宗教史上卻是獨一無二

a circular room, nine sides, nine entrances, nine paths,

它是由一個圓廳

九面牆、九個入口及九條小徑組成

allowing you to come to the temple from all directions,

讓民眾能夠從各個方向進入靈曦堂

nine symbolizing completeness,

「九」這個數字象徵完整

perfection.

以及完美

No pulpit, no sermons,

建築中沒有講道壇、沒有佈道

as there are no clergy in the Bahá'í faith.

因為巴哈伊信仰中沒有神職人員

And in a world which is putting up walls,

在這個充斥隔閡的世界

the design needed to express in form

設計必須藉由形式上表達

the very opposite.

一個完全相反的概念

It had to be open, welcoming

也就是開放與包容

to people of all faiths, walks of life, backgrounds,

各種信仰、階級、背景

or no faith at all;

或是沒有任何信仰的人

a new form of sacred space

這是神聖空間的全新形式

with no pattern

別出心裁

or models to draw from.

不落窠臼

It was like designing one of the first churches for Christianity

就像在設計第一座基督教教堂

或第一座伊斯蘭教清真寺

or one of the first mosques for Islam.

So we live in a secular world.

既然我們身處在世俗的世界

How do you design sacred space today?

當今的我們該如何建築神聖空間

更甚者，我們該如何定義「神聖」

And how do you even define what's sacred today?

I stumbled across this beautiful quote from the Bahá'í writings,

我曾偶然發現一句優美的巴哈伊禱文

and it speaks to prayer.

那是關於禱告的意義

It says that if you reach out in prayer,

它說，若你誠心祈禱

and if your prayer is answered -- which is already very interesting --

並真的得到回應-這本身就夠神奇了

that the pillars of your heart will become ashine.

那就會點亮你的心房

And I loved this idea of the inner and the outer,

我很喜歡這個內在與外在的概念

like when you see someone and you say, "That person is radiant."

就像是你看到一個人時

你說，這人真是容光煥發

And I was thinking, "My gosh, how could we make something

我就心想：

天啊，我該怎麼把這運用到建築上？

architectural out of that,

where you create a building

要怎麼讓一個建築物

and it becomes alive with light?

因為光而生動呢

Like alabaster, if you kiss it with light, it becomes alive.

就像是雪花石膏

它會因光的襯托而有了生命

And I drew this sketch,

於是我就畫了這張圖

something with two layers, translucent

它有兩層，而且半透明

with structure in between capturing light.

中間的結構能捕捉光影

Maybe a pure form, a single form of emanation

若提到發散光芒最簡單的形式

that you could imagine

我們都會直接聯想到

would be all dome

圓頂的樣式

and everything we kept making was looking too much like an egg.

我們所建築的一切都長得太像蛋了

(Laughter)

（觀眾笑聲）

A blob.

或是水滴

So you search.

所以我們追尋

You all know this crazy search, letting the process take you,

我們都知道這段瘋狂的探尋

and you live for the surprises.

會帶給我們無限驚奇

And I remember quite by accident

而我恰巧記得

I saw this little video of a plant moving in light,

曾經看過一部植物趨光性的短片

and it made me think of movement,

這讓我想到了動態

reach,

與追尋

this idea that the temple could have reach,

這都可以應用在靈曦堂上

like this reach for the divine.

就像是對神聖的追尋

You can imagine also

我們也能想像

that movement within a circle could mean movement and stillness,

在圓圈內的移動能同時展現動與靜

like the cosmos,

和宇宙的旋一樣

隨處可見

something you see in many places.

(Laughter)

（觀眾笑聲）

But rotation was not enough,

但這樣的旋還不夠

because we needed a form.

因為我們需要一種形式

In the Bahá'í writings, it talks about

在巴哈伊的篇章中曾提到

the temples being as perfect as is humanly possible,

靈曦堂應盡可能地完美

and we kept thinking, well, what is perfection?

而我們所要思考的就是：什麼是完美？

And I remember I stumbled into this image of this Japanese basket

我記得當時無意間瞧見這張日本籃子的圖片

and thinking our Western notions of perfection need to be challenged,

就覺得西方對於完美的觀念必須被挑戰

that this wonderful silhouette of this basket, this wonkiness,

這籃子的輪廓奇妙，外觀有些歪斜

and that it has the kind of dimple of what you might imagine a shoulder

表面的凹陷或許會讓人聯想到肩窩

or the cheekbone,

或酒窩

and that kind of organic form.

這類有生命的形式

And so we drew and made models,

所以我們設計、製作出模型

these lines that merge at the top,

也就是這些在上端匯合的線條

soft lines,

這些柔軟的線條

which became like drapery

像是垂墜的帳帘

and translucent veils and folding,

與半透明的面紗及褶層

and the idea of not only folding but torquing --

不只是折疊的概念，還有扭轉的形式

you remember the plant and the way it was reaching.

還記得剛剛那株植物伸展的方式吧

And this started to become an interesting form,

這開始成為一種引人入勝的形式了

carving the base, making the entrances.

挖掘基地，建置入口

And then we ended up with this.

我們最終得到這個結果

This is this temple with two layers,

這就是那間雙層靈曦堂

nine luminous veils,

九道發光的紗帳

embodied light,

蘊含其中的光源

soft-flowing lines

柔美流動的線條

like luminescent drapery.

就像是透著光的帷幕

180 submissions were received from 80 countries,

我們收到超過80個國家的180份提案

and this was selected.

最後這份雀屏中選

So we went to the next stage of how to build it.

接下來就要思考如何建造

We had submitted alabaster.

我們原先想用雪花石膏

But alabaster was too soft,

但那太軟了

and we were experimenting, many experiments with materials,

所以我們又用其他材料做了實驗

trying to think how we could have this kind of shimmer,

試圖讓它產生這樣的微光

and we ended up with borosilicate.

最後我們決定用硼矽酸玻璃

And borosilicate glass, as you know, is very strong,

硼矽酸玻璃很強韌

and if you break borosilicate rods just so and melt them

若要重塑玻璃得先把它融化

at just the right temperature,

還必須在特定溫度

we ended up with this new material,

我們最後選用這種新材料

this new cast glass which took us about two years to make.

這個新鑄造的玻璃花了我們兩年的時間

And it had this quality that we loved,

我們很喜歡這種玻璃的特質

this idea of the embodied light,

因為它能夠透光

but on the inside, we wanted something with a soft light,

但也希望內部有個柔和的光源

like the inner lining of a jacket.

像是外套的內襯一樣

On the outside you have protection, but on the inside you touch it.

外層提供保護，內層則會實際接觸到肌膚

So we found this tiny vein in a huge quarry in Portugal

我們在葡萄牙發現一條小礦脈

with this beautiful stone,

礦脈中富含這種美麗的石頭

which the owner had kept for seven generations in his family,

這些石頭在礦主家傳了七代

waiting for the right project, if you can believe it.

只為等待合適的計畫，信不信由你

Look at this material, it's beautiful.

看看這個石材，多麼美麗

And the way it lights up; it has that translucent quality.

點亮它後，會呈現半透明的狀態

So here you see the structure.

這邊可以看到建築架構

It lets the light through.

光線能夠透過去

And looking down,

而往下俯瞰

九面側翼一同匯聚

the nine wings are bound,

structurally but symbolically strong,

結構堅固且意義重大

a great symbol of unity:

那是合一的象徵

pure geometry, a perfect circle,

也是純粹的幾何與完美的圓

30 meters in section and in plan,

每部分高達30公尺，就跟設計圖上的一樣

perfectly symmetrical,

完美的對稱

like the idea of sacredness and geometry.

就像是神聖與幾何的概念

And here you see the building going up,

我們一路看著建築向上興建

2,000 steel nodes,

2000個鋼骨節點

9,000 pieces of steel,

9000片建築鋼

7,800 stone pieces,

7800片石材

10,000 cast glass pieces, all individual shapes,

一萬片鑄造玻璃，每片獨立成形

the entire superstructure all described,

剛提到的整個上層建築

engineered, fabricated with aerospace technology,

是以航太技術設計、打造

prefabricated machine to machine,

以多臺機器預先製造

robotically,

過程精密準確

a huge team effort, you can imagine,

這是大規模的團隊合作

of literally hundreds,

由數百人組成

and within three percent of our $30 million budget

只用了三千萬預算中的3%

set in 2006.

這是在2006年訂下的

(Applause)

（觀眾掌聲）

Nine wings bound together

九面側翼匯聚

forming a nine-pointed star,

形成一顆九芒星

and the star shape moving in space,

這顆星星會隨著時空移動

tracking the sun.

追隨著陽光

So here it is.

這就是最終樣貌！

Audience: Wow!

（觀眾驚呼）

(Applause)

（觀眾掌聲）

Hopefully, a befitting response to that beautiful quote,

我們希望這能呼應那句優美的禱文

"a prayer answered,"

「蒙應允的祈禱」

open in all directions,

向四面八方開展

capturing the blue light of dawn,

捕捉破曉時的藍光

tent-like white light of day,

白晝時有著帷幕狀的白光

the gold light of the afternoon,

午後則有金黃色的光芒

and of course, at night, the reversal:

當然，到了晚上，一切翻轉：

sensuous,

這是感性的

catching the light in all kinds of mysterious ways.

以各種神祕的方式捕捉光

And the site: it's interesting; 14 years ago when we made the submission,

有趣的是，我們14年前提交建案時

we showed the temple set against the Andes.

是把靈曦堂設立在與安第斯山相對的位置

We didn't have the Andes as our site,

我們沒有要將安第斯山當作靈曦堂的位址

but after nine years, that's exactly where we ended up,

但9年之後，卻真的建在安第斯山旁

the lines of the temple set against nothing but pure nature,

靈曦堂的輪廓與純粹的自然相映

and you turn around and you get nothing but the city below you,

轉過身便能俯瞰整座城市

and inside, a view in all directions,

室內則有360度美景

radiating gardens

放射狀的花園

from each of the alcoves,

從各壁龕外旋

radiating paths.

形成輻射狀的步道

Last October, the opening ceremonies --

去年十月的開幕儀式

a beautiful, sacred event,

既美麗又神聖

5,000 people from 80 countries,

來自80個國家的5000位參與者

a continuous river of visitors,

接踵而至

indigenous people from all over South America,

包含許多南美洲原住民

some who had never left their villages.

當中有些甚至不曾離開自己的村莊

And of course, that this temple belongs to people,

而這座神廟當然屬於人民

the collective, of many cultures and walks of life,

這些人民來自不同文化背景及各行各業

many beliefs,

擁有不同信仰

and for me, what's most important is what it feels like on the inside;

對我來說，最重要的是內在的感覺

that it feel intimate,

那是種親密的感覺

神聖的感覺

sacred,

and that everyone is welcome.

我們歡迎所有的人

And if even a few who come

而要是真的有些人

have the same reaction as that security guard,

有和警衛相同的反應

then it truly would be their temple.

那就真的是屬於他們的神廟

And I would love that.

我也會很高興

Thank you.

謝謝各位

(Applause)

（觀眾掌聲）