The surprising solution to ocean plastic | David Katz

Prevodilac: Ivana Korom Lektor: Aleksandar Korom

We've had it all wrong.

Svo vreme grešimo.

Everybody.

Svi.

We've had it all wrong.

Sve vreme grešimo.

The very last thing we need to do

Poslednje što bi trebalo da radimo

is clean the ocean.

jeste da čistimo okean.

Very last.

Poslednje.

Yeah, there is a garbage truck of plastic

Da, po jedan đubretarski kamion plastike

entering the ocean

završi u okeanu

every minute

svakog minuta

of every hour of every day.

svakog sata u svakom danu.

And countless birds and animals

I nebrojene ptice i životinje

are dying just from encountering plastic.

umiru samo od susreta sa plastikom.

We are experiencing the fastest rate of extinction ever,

Svedoci smo najbržeg izumiranja,

and plastic is in the food chain.

a plastika se nalazi i u lancu ishrane.

And I'm still here, standing in front of you,

A ja ipak stojim ovde pred vama

telling you the very last thing we need to do

i kažem da je čišćenje okeana

is clean the ocean.

poslednje što bi trebalo da radimo.

Very last.

Poslednje.

If you were to walk into a kitchen,

Da uđete u kuhinju

sink overflowing,

u kojoj sudopera preliva,

water spilling all over the floor,

voda prekriva pod,

soaking into the walls,

natapa zidove,

you had to think fast, you're going to panic;

morate brzo da razmišljate, počinjete da paničite,

you've got a bucket, a mop or a plunger.

imate kofu, metlu i otpušivač.

What do you do first?

Šta ćete prvo uraditi?

Why don't we turn off the tap?

Zašto ne biste zavrnuli slavinu?

It would be pointless to mop

Bilo bi uzaludno brisati

or plunge or scoop up the water

ili pumpati ili skupljati vodu

if we don't turn off the tap first.

ako prvo ne zavrnete slavinu.

Why aren't we doing the same for the ocean?

Zašto isto ne radimo za okean?

Even if the Ocean Cleanup project,

Čak i da su projekat Čišćenja okeana,

beach plastic recycling programs

programi recikliranja plastike sa plaža

or any well-meaning

ili bilo koje dobronamerne

ocean plastic company

kompanije za plastiku iz okeana

was a hundred percent successful,

stoprocentno uspešne,

it would still be too little, too late.

i dalje bi bilo prekasno.

We're trending to produce over 300 million ton

Krećemo se ka tome da proizvedemo preko 300 miliona tona

of plastic this year.

plastike ove godine.

Roughly eight million ton

Grubo, osam miliona tona

are racing to flow into the ocean

juri da se slije u okean

to join the estimated 150 million ton already there.

i da se pridruži količini od 150 miliona tona koje su već tamo.

Reportedly, 80 percent of ocean plastic

Navodno, 80 procenata plastike u okeanu

is coming from those countries that have extreme poverty.

dolazi iz zemalja koje su ekstremno siromašne.

And if you live in the grips of poverty

Ako živite u raljama siromaštva,

concerned, always, about food

stalno zabrinuti za hranu,

or shelter

krov nad glavom,

or a sense of security,

osećaj sigurnosti,

recycling --

recikliranje -

it's beyond your realm of imagination.

i ne pada vam na pamet.

And that is exactly why

I to je upravo razlog

I created the Plastic Bank.

zašto sam osnovao Banku plastike.

We are the world's largest chain of stores

Mi smo najveći svetski lanac prodavnica

for the ultra-poor,

za ultrasiromašne,

where everything in the store is available to be purchased

gde sve u prodavnici može da se kupi

using plastic garbage.

korišćenjem plastičnog otpada.

Everything.

Sve.

School tuition.

Školarina.

Medical insurance.

Zdravstveno osiguranje.

Wi-Fi, cell phone minutes, power.

Bežični internet, kredit za mobilni, struja.

Sustainable cooking fuel, high-efficiency stoves.

Održivo gorivo za šporet, visokoefikasni šporeti.

And we keep wanting to add everything else

I želimo da dodamo sve ostalo

that the world may need and can't afford.

što je svetu možda potrebno, a ne može da priušti.

Our chain of stores in Haiti are more like community centers,

Naš lanac prodavnica na Haitiju je više nalik na društveni centar,

where one of our collectors,

gde jedna od skupljačica,

Lise Nasis,

Lise Nasis,

has the opportunity to earn a living

ima priliku da zaradi za život

by collecting material from door to door,

skupljanjem materijala od vrata do vrata,

from the streets,

sa ulica,

from business to business.

od kompanije do kompanije.

And at the end of her day, she gets to bring the material back to us,

Na kraju dana, ona taj materijal donosi nazad nama,

where we weigh it, we check it for quality,

mi ga merimo, proveravamo kvalitet

and we transfer the value into her account.

i prebacujemo iznos na njen račun.

Lise now has a steady,

Lise sada ima stalan,

reliable source of income.

pouzdan izvor prihoda.

And that value we transfer into an online account for her.

Mi taj novac prebacujemo na njen internet račun.

And because it's a savings account, it becomes an asset

To je štedni račun na internetu, i to je njen garant

that she can borrow against.

za koji može da uzme zajam.

And because it's online,

A zato što je na internetu,

she has security against robbery,

osigurana je od pljačke,

and I think more importantly,

i što mislim da je važnije,

she has a new sense of worth.

ona ima osećaj vrednosti.

And even the plastic

A čak i plastika

has a new sense of value.

ima novu vrednost.

Hm.

Hm.

And that plastic we collect,

Tu plastiku skupljamo,

and we add value to,

dajemo joj vrednost,

we sort it,

sortiramo je,

we remove labels,

skidamo nalepnice,

we remove caps.

skidamo čepove.

We either shred it

I onda je ili sameljemo

or we pack it into bales and get it ready for export.

ili pakujemo u bale i spremamo za izvoz.

Now, it's no different than walking over acres of diamonds.

To se ne razlikuje od hodanja po kilometrima dijamanata.

If Lise was to walk over acres of diamonds

Da Lise hoda po kilometrima dijamanata,

but there was no store, no bank,

a nema prodavnicu, nema banku,

no way to use the diamonds, no way to exchange them,

nema načina da te dijamante iskoristi ili zameni,

they'd be worthless, too.

oni bi takođe bili bezvredni.

And Lise was widowed

Lise je ostala udovica

after the 2010 Haitian earthquake,

posle zemljotresa na Haitiju 2010.

left homeless without an income.

Ostala je bez doma i prihoda.

And as a result of the program,

A kao rezultat ovog programa,

Lise can afford her two daughters' school tuition

Lise može da priušti školarinu za svoje dve ćerke,

and uniforms.

kao i školske uniforme.

Now, that plastic

E sad, mi tu plastiku

we sell.

prodajemo.

We sell it to suppliers of great brands

Prodajemo je dobavljačima velikih firmi

like Marks and Spencer,

kao što su "Marks i Spenser",

who have commissioned the use of social plastic

koji su se obavezali da koriste društvenu plastiku

in their products.

u svojim proizvodima.

Or like Henkel,

Ili kao što je "Henkel",

the German consumer-goods company,

nemački proizvođač robe široke potrošnje,

who are using social plastic directly into their manufacturing.

koji koristi društvenu plastiku direktno u proizvodnji.

We've closed the loop

Zatvorili smo krug

in the circular economy.

u toj cirkularnoj ekonomiji.

Now buy shampoo

Kada kupite šampon

or laundry detergent

ili deterdžent za veš

that has social plastic packaging,

koji ima pakovanje od društvene plastike,

and you are indirectly contributing

vi indirektno doprinosite

to the extraction of plastic from ocean-bound waterways

uklanjanju plastike iz vodenih tokova koji se ulivaju u okeane

and alleviating poverty

i smanjenju siromaštva

at the same time.

u isto vreme.

And that model

A taj model

is completely replicable.

je potpuno ponovljiv.

In São Paulo,

U Sao Paolu,

a church sermon encourages parishioners

jedna crkva podstiče svoju pastvu

to not just bring offering on Sunday,

da nedeljom donose i reciklažni materijal,

but the recycling, too.

a ne samo darove.

We then match the church with the poor.

Mi onda povezujemo crkvu sa siromašnima.

Or, I believe more powerfully,

Ili, još snažnije verujem,

we could match a mosque in London with an impoverished church in Cairo.

mogli bismo da povežemo džamiju u Londonu sa siromašnom crkvom u Kairu.

Or like in Vancouver,

Ili na primer u Vankuveru,

with our bottle-deposit program:

imamo program ostavljanja flaša:

now any individual

bilo koji pojedinac

or any group

ili grupa

can now return

može da vrati

their deposit-refundable recyclables,

reciklažni materijal za koji se dobija depozit,

and instead of taking back the cash,

i umesto da uzme novac,

they have the opportunity to deposit that value

ima priliku da donira tu vrednost

into the account of the poor around the world.

na račune siromašnih u svetu.

We can now use our recycling

Sada možemo da koristimo reciklažni materijal

to support and create recyclers.

da podržimo i stvorimo recikliranje.

One bottle deposited at home

Jedna boca koju date kod kuće

could help extract hundreds around the world.

može da pomogne da se ukloni stotine drugih širom sveta.

Or, like Shell,

Ili kao "Šel",

the energy company,

naftna kompanija,

who's invested in our plastic-neutral program.

koja je uložila u naš program "plastične neutralnosti".

Plastic neutrality is like carbon-neutral.

To je kao ugljenična neutralnost.

But plastic neutrality invests in recycling infrastructure

Ali plastična neutralnost ulaže u infrastrukturu za recikliranje

where it doesn't exist.

tamo gde ona ne postoji.

And it provides an incentive for the poor

I obezbeđuje siromašnima motiv

by providing a price increase.

obezbeđujući povećanje cena.

Or --

Ili -

like in the slums of Manila,

kao u siromašnim delovima Manile,

where the smallest market

gde najmanje tržište

with a simple scale and a phone

sa jednostavnom vagom i mobilnim telefonom

can now accept social plastic

može da prihvati društvenu plastiku

as a new form of payment by weight,

kao novi oblik plaćanja u težini,

allowing them to serve more people

što omgućava da opsluže više ljudi

and have their own greater social impact.

i da ostvare veći društveni uticaj.

And what's common here

Ovde je zajedničko

is that social plastic

to da je društvena plastika

is money.

novac.

Social plastic is money,

Društvena plastika je novac,

a globally recognizable and tradable currency that, when used,

globalno prepoznata i razmenljiva valuta koja, kada se koristi,

alleviates poverty and cleans the environment

smanjuje siromaštvo i čisti životnu sredinu

at the same time.

u isto vreme.

It's not just plastic.

To nije samo plastika.

It's not recycled plastic, it's social plastic,

Nije reciklirana plastika, to je društvena plastika,

a material whose value is transferred

materijal čija vrednost se prenosi

through the lives of the people who encounter it,

kroz živote ljudi koji se susreću s njom,

rich and poor.

bogatih i siromašnih.

Humans have produced

Ljudi su proizveli

over eight trillion kilograms of plastic,

preko 8 biliona kilograma plastike,

most of it still here as waste.

većina je još uvek prisutna kao smeće.

Eight trillion kilograms.

Osam biliona kilograma.

Worth roughly 50 cents a kilo,

Ako vredi otprilike 50 centi po kilogramu,

we're potentially unleashing a four-trillion-dollar value.

potencijalno imamo vrednost od četiri biliona dolara.

See, I see social plastic

Vidite, ja društvenu plastiku

as the Bitcoin for the earth --

vidim kao Bitkoin zemlje -

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

and available for everyone.

koji je dostupan svima.

Now the entire ecosystem is managed and supported

Celim ovim ekosistemom se upravlja i održava

through an online banking platform

preko onlajn bankarske platforme

that provides for the safe, authentic transfer of value globally.

koja obezbeđuje sigurne transfere vrednosti širom sveta.

You can now deposit your recyclables in Vancouver or Berlin,

Sada možete svoj reciklažni otpad ostaviti u Vankuveru ili Berlinu,

and a family could withdraw building bricks or cell phone minutes

a neka porodica može preuzeti cigle ili kredit za mobilni telefon

in the slums of Manila.

u siromašnim naseljima Manile.

Or Lise --

Ili Lise -

she could deposit recycling at a center in Port-au-Prince,

ona može da ostavi reciklažni otpad u centru u Port o Prensu,

and her mother could withdraw cooking fuel or cash

a njena majka može da preuzme gorivo za šporet ili novac

across the city.

na drugom kraju grada.

And the app adds rewards,

A aplikacija dodaje nagrade,

incentives,

podsticaje,

group prizes,

grupne nagrade,

user rating.

rejting korisnika.

We've gamified recycling.

Gejmifikovali smo recikliranje.

We add fun and formality

Dodali smo zabavu i formalnost

into an informal industry.

u jednu neformalnu industriju.

We're operating in Haiti and the Philippines.

Poslujemo na Haitiju i Filipinima.

We've selected staff

Odabrali smo osoblje

and partners for Brazil.

i partnere za Brazil.

And this year, we're committing to India and Ethiopia.

A ove godine krećemo u Indiju i Etiopiju.

We're collecting hundreds

Skupljamo stotine

and hundreds of tons of material.

i stotine tona materijala.

We continue to add partners

Neprestano dodajemo partnere

and customers,

i mušterije

and we increase our collection volumes every day.

i svakog dana povećavamo količinu skupljenog.

Now as a result of our program with Henkel,

Kao rezultat našeg programa sa Henkelom,

they've committed to use over 100 million kilograms

oni su se obavezali da koriste preko 100 miliona kilograma

of material every year.

materijala svake godine.

That alone will put hundreds of millions of dollars

Samo to će staviti stotine miliona dolara

into the hands of the poor

u ruke siromašnih

in the emerging economies.

u ekonomijama u razvoju.

And so now,

I sada

we can all

svi možemo

be a part of the solution

biti deo rešenja,

and not the pollution.

a ne deo zagađenja.

And so, OK, maybe cleaning the ocean is futile.

I OK, možda je čišćenje okeana uzaludno.

It might be.

Moguće.

But preventing ocean plastic

Ali sprečavanje plastike u okeanu

could be humanity's richest opportunity.

je možda najbogatija prilika za čovečanstvo.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)