The surprising solution to ocean plastic | David Katz

翻译人员: YIRAN WANG 校对人员: Iris Jiao

We've had it all wrong.

我们都错了

Everybody.

各位

We've had it all wrong.

我们都彻底搞错了

The very last thing we need to do

我们最不需要做的事情

is clean the ocean.

就是清理海洋

Very last.

非常没有必要

Yeah, there is a garbage truck of plastic

是的，有一辆卡车装满塑料垃圾

entering the ocean

驶向大海

every minute

这发生在每一天

of every hour of every day.

每一小时的每一分钟

不计其数的鸟类和动物

And countless birds and animals

are dying just from encountering plastic.

仅仅因为接触塑料就会死亡

We are experiencing the fastest rate of extinction ever,

动物正以最快的速度灭绝

and plastic is in the food chain.

塑料已经进入了食物链

And I'm still here, standing in front of you,

而我还站在这里

telling you the very last thing we need to do

告诉大家，我们最不需要做的事情

is clean the ocean.

就是清理海洋

Very last.

完全不需要

If you were to walk into a kitchen,

如果你走进厨房

sink overflowing,

发现水已经涌出水池

water spilling all over the floor,

地板上到处是水

soaking into the walls,

墙壁也已浸湿

you had to think fast, you're going to panic;

你脑子转的飞快，你可能惊慌起来

you've got a bucket, a mop or a plunger.

你有一个桶、一把拖布和一个搋子

What do you do first?

你会先做什么呢？

Why don't we turn off the tap?

为什么不关上水龙头？

It would be pointless to mop

如果我们不先关上水龙头

or plunge or scoop up the water

拖地，通下水道或舀水

if we don't turn off the tap first.

都是毫无意义的

Why aren't we doing the same for the ocean?

我们为什么不对海洋也这样做呢？

Even if the Ocean Cleanup project,

虽然现在有海洋清理项目

beach plastic recycling programs

沙滩塑料回收项目

or any well-meaning

以及其他善意的

ocean plastic company

处理海洋塑料的公司

was a hundred percent successful,

这些项目都非常成功

it would still be too little, too late.

但它们依然力量薄弱，而且出现得太晚

We're trending to produce over 300 million ton

今年人类预计会

产生超过3亿吨塑料

of plastic this year.

Roughly eight million ton

其中，大约800万吨塑料垃圾

are racing to flow into the ocean

会快速流入海洋

to join the estimated 150 million ton already there.

而海洋中已经存在约1.5亿吨垃圾

Reportedly, 80 percent of ocean plastic

据报道，海洋中80%的塑料

is coming from those countries that have extreme poverty.

都来自极度贫困的国家

And if you live in the grips of poverty

如果你生活困苦

concerned, always, about food

总是担心吃饭问题

or shelter

住宿问题

or a sense of security,

或是人身安全问题

recycling --

回收垃圾

it's beyond your realm of imagination.

是件超乎你想象的事

And that is exactly why

而这个事实

I created the Plastic Bank.

也正是我创办塑料银行的原因

We are the world's largest chain of stores

我们是世界上规模最大的

for the ultra-poor,

针对极端贫困人群的连锁商店

where everything in the store is available to be purchased

商店中的任何物品

都可以通过塑料垃圾进行换购

using plastic garbage.

Everything.

所有的物品都可以

School tuition.

例如学费

Medical insurance.

医疗保险

Wi-Fi, cell phone minutes, power.

Wi-Fi、手机通话时长或是电力

Sustainable cooking fuel, high-efficiency stoves.

厨用燃料，节能炉

And we keep wanting to add everything else

我们也一直在添加其他商品

that the world may need and can't afford.

这些商品可能是贫困人群 需要但支付不起的东西

Our chain of stores in Haiti are more like community centers,

我们在海地的连锁商店更像是社区中心

where one of our collectors,

在那里 其中一位垃圾收集者

Lise Nasis,

丽萨·纳西斯

has the opportunity to earn a living

拥有了维持生计的机会

by collecting material from door to door,

她挨家挨户

from the streets,

在大街上

from business to business.

去企业里收集塑料材料

And at the end of her day, she gets to bring the material back to us,

末了，她将这些材料交给我们

where we weigh it, we check it for quality,

我们对材料进行称重，质量检查

and we transfer the value into her account.

然后将等价的钱转入她的账户

Lise now has a steady,

现在，丽萨拥有一个

reliable source of income.

稳定可靠的收入来源

And that value we transfer into an online account for her.

我们将这些钱转存到她的网上账户

And because it's a savings account, it becomes an asset

由于这是一个储蓄账户 它成了一笔资产

that she can borrow against.

丽萨可以取出使用

And because it's online,

也因为这是网络账户

she has security against robbery,

她免于受到抢劫等带来的损失

and I think more importantly,

我认为更重要的是

she has a new sense of worth.

她实现了新的自我价值

And even the plastic

即便是这些塑料

has a new sense of value.

也有了新的价值

Hm.

And that plastic we collect,

对于我们收集的塑料

and we add value to,

我们同样赋予它们价值

we sort it,

我们将其分类

we remove labels,

去掉标签

we remove caps.

去掉盖子

We either shred it

我们或是将其粉碎

or we pack it into bales and get it ready for export.

或是将其打包准备出口

Now, it's no different than walking over acres of diamonds.

现在，这和走在布满钻石的田野上没什么不同

If Lise was to walk over acres of diamonds

如果丽萨本在这片田野上

but there was no store, no bank,

但那里没有商店和银行

no way to use the diamonds, no way to exchange them,

没有途径去使用和交易钻石

they'd be worthless, too.

这些钻石也会毫无价值

And Lise was widowed

在2010年海地地震后

after the 2010 Haitian earthquake,

丽萨失去了丈夫

left homeless without an income.

无家可归，身无分文

And as a result of the program,

由于这个项目

Lise can afford her two daughters' school tuition

丽萨现在可以承担两个女儿的学费

and uniforms.

还有她们的校服

Now, that plastic

现在，对于这些塑料

we sell.

我们将其卖出

We sell it to suppliers of great brands

卖给那些知名公司

like Marks and Spencer,

例如马莎百货

who have commissioned the use of social plastic

它已安排在生产过程中使用这些社会化塑料

in their products.

Or like Henkel,

再比如汉高公司

the German consumer-goods company,

它是一家德国消费品公司

who are using social plastic directly into their manufacturing.

它直接在生产中使用社会化塑料

We've closed the loop

我们闭合了

循环经济的最后一环

in the circular economy.

Now buy shampoo

现在，当你在购买洗发水

or laundry detergent

或者洗衣液之类

that has social plastic packaging,

一些用社会化塑料包装的商品时

and you are indirectly contributing

你就间接地

to the extraction of plastic from ocean-bound waterways

为减少海洋塑料污染

和缓解贫困做出了贡献

and alleviating poverty

at the same time.

一举两得

And that model

这种模式

is completely replicable.

完全可以复制

In São Paulo,

在圣保罗

a church sermon encourages parishioners

教堂的布道鼓励教区居民

to not just bring offering on Sunday,

不仅要在周日带来献品

but the recycling, too.

同时也要带来回收物品

We then match the church with the poor.

由此我们将教堂和贫困人群联结在一起

Or, I believe more powerfully,

甚至，我有更大的设想

we could match a mosque in London with an impoverished church in Cairo.

我们可以将伦敦的清真寺 与开罗贫困的教堂联结起来

Or like in Vancouver,

或者比如在温哥华

with our bottle-deposit program:

我们开展了“存瓶子”项目

now any individual

现在，任何个人

or any group

任何组织

can now return

都能通过归还那些可回收物品 来收回当时支付的费用

their deposit-refundable recyclables,

and instead of taking back the cash,

他们并非会将这些利益化为己用

they have the opportunity to deposit that value

而是有机会将这些钱

存入世界上贫困人群的账户

into the account of the poor around the world.

We can now use our recycling

我们现在可以通过回收

to support and create recyclers.

支持和产生新的回收者

One bottle deposited at home

一个存放在家的瓶子

could help extract hundreds around the world.

能够帮助减少全世界成百上千个瓶子

Or, like Shell,

或者比如壳牌公司

the energy company,

一家能源公司

who's invested in our plastic-neutral program.

投资了我们的塑料中和项目

Plastic neutrality is like carbon-neutral.

塑料中和类似于碳中和

But plastic neutrality invests in recycling infrastructure

但塑料中和项目投资的是

目前尚不存在的回收性基础设施

where it doesn't exist.

And it provides an incentive for the poor

它通过提供更高的价格

by providing a price increase.

来激励穷人

Or --

或者

like in the slums of Manila,

例如，马尼拉的贫民窟中

where the smallest market

在最小的市场上

with a simple scale and a phone

用一个秤和手机

can now accept social plastic

就可以接收社会性塑料

as a new form of payment by weight,

作为一种新型的用称重支付的方式

allowing them to serve more people

这使得那里的人们能为更多人群提供资源

and have their own greater social impact.

也使他们自己产生了更大的社会影响

And what's common here

这些行动的共同点在于

is that social plastic

社会性塑料

is money.

就是金钱

Social plastic is money,

社会性塑料就是金钱啊

a globally recognizable and tradable currency that, when used,

它是一种全球认可 并且可用于交易的货币

alleviates poverty and cleans the environment

使用它可以缓解贫困，清洁环境

at the same time.

一举两得

It's not just plastic.

它不仅是塑料

It's not recycled plastic, it's social plastic,

也不仅是可回收塑料 它是具有社会性质的塑料

a material whose value is transferred

这种材料的价值

through the lives of the people who encounter it,

可以通过它的接触者的生活而实现转移

rich and poor.

不论贫富

Humans have produced

人类已经生产出

over eight trillion kilograms of plastic,

超过8万亿千克塑料

most of it still here as waste.

其中的大多数仍然以废物的形式存在

Eight trillion kilograms.

这8万亿千克

Worth roughly 50 cents a kilo,

以大约每千克50美分的价格估值

we're potentially unleashing a four-trillion-dollar value.

我们就潜在地拥有了一笔4千亿美元的财富

See, I see social plastic

因此，我把社会性塑料看成是

as the Bitcoin for the earth --

地球的比特币

(Laughter)

（笑声）

and available for everyone.

并且每个人都能拥有

Now the entire ecosystem is managed and supported

现在，我们的整个生态系统

through an online banking platform

都通过网络银行平台进行管理和支持

that provides for the safe, authentic transfer of value globally.

这些网络平台面向全球提供安全可靠的价值转移

You can now deposit your recyclables in Vancouver or Berlin,

不管是在温哥华或柏林 你提供你的可回收物物品时

and a family could withdraw building bricks or cell phone minutes

在马尼拉贫民窟的一个家庭

可以因此获得 建筑用砖或是手机通话时间

in the slums of Manila.

Or Lise --

再来看丽萨

she could deposit recycling at a center in Port-au-Prince,

她在太子港的回收中心提供回收垃圾时

and her mother could withdraw cooking fuel or cash

她的母亲可以在城市任何地方

用这些换取厨用燃料或者兑换现金

across the city.

And the app adds rewards,

这个应用也添加了回报

incentives,

奖励

group prizes,

小组奖励

user rating.

用户排名

We've gamified recycling.

我们将回收活动游戏化

We add fun and formality

我们让这个未成型的产业

into an informal industry.

变得有趣和正式起来

We're operating in Haiti and the Philippines.

我们在海地和菲律宾设有运营处

We've selected staff

我们为巴西挑选了员工

and partners for Brazil.

与合作伙伴

And this year, we're committing to India and Ethiopia.

今年 我们承诺进入印度和埃塞俄比亚

We're collecting hundreds

我们正在收集成百上千吨塑料

我们正在收集成百上千吨塑料

and hundreds of tons of material.

We continue to add partners

我们持续增加合作伙伴

and customers,

扩展更多用户

and we increase our collection volumes every day.

收集到的塑料数量每天都在增加

Now as a result of our program with Henkel,

通过与汉高公司合作项目

they've committed to use over 100 million kilograms

他们已承诺每年使用1亿公斤以上的回收塑料

of material every year.

他们已承诺每年使用1亿公斤以上的回收塑料

That alone will put hundreds of millions of dollars

仅这一项就可以使

into the hands of the poor

新兴经济体中的贫困人群

in the emerging economies.

获得数亿美元

And so now,

因此如今

we can all

我们所有人

be a part of the solution

都可以成为解决污染的一员

and not the pollution.

而不是制造污染的一员

And so, OK, maybe cleaning the ocean is futile.

也许清理海洋是无用功

It might be.

也许真是这样

But preventing ocean plastic

但是防止海洋遭到塑料污染

could be humanity's richest opportunity.

也许是人类最宝贵的机会

Thank you.

谢谢大家

(Applause)

（掌声）