The surprising solution to ocean plastic | David Katz

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: NAN-KUN WU

We've had it all wrong.

我們完全搞錯了。

Everybody.

各位。

We've had it all wrong.

我們完全搞錯了。

The very last thing we need to do

我們最不得已才要做的事

is clean the ocean.

是清理海洋。

Very last.

最不得已的。

Yeah, there is a garbage truck of plastic

是的，有載著塑膠的垃圾車

entering the ocean

向海洋傾倒，

每一天的

every minute

of every hour of every day.

每小時每分鐘都有。

And countless birds and animals

數不清的鳥類和動物

are dying just from encountering plastic.

僅僅因為遇到塑膠就死亡。

We are experiencing the fastest rate of extinction ever,

我們正在經歷史上最快速的絕種，

and plastic is in the food chain.

而塑膠是食物鏈的一環。

And I'm still here, standing in front of you,

而我仍然在這裡 站在各位面前告訴你們，

telling you the very last thing we need to do

我們最不得已才要做的事

is clean the ocean.

是清理海洋。

Very last.

最不得已的。

If you were to walk into a kitchen,

如果你走進一間廚房，

sink overflowing,

水槽已經滿溢，

water spilling all over the floor,

水灑得滿地都是，

soaking into the walls,

讓牆壁濕透了，

you had to think fast, you're going to panic;

你得要快速思考，你很驚慌；

you've got a bucket, a mop or a plunger.

你有一個桶子、一支拖把、 一支通水吸把。

What do you do first?

你會先做什麼？

Why don't we turn off the tap?

為什麼不先把水龍頭關了？

It would be pointless to mop

拖地、通水管，

or plunge or scoop up the water

或把水舀出來是沒意義的，

if we don't turn off the tap first.

除非我們先把水龍頭關掉。

Why aren't we doing the same for the ocean?

對於海洋，我們為何不這樣做？

Even if the Ocean Cleanup project,

即使是「海洋清理」計畫、

beach plastic recycling programs

海灘塑膠回收方案，

or any well-meaning

或任何善心的海洋塑膠公司

ocean plastic company

was a hundred percent successful,

能夠做到百分之百成功，

it would still be too little, too late.

這貢獻還是太渺小、太遲了。

We're trending to produce over 300 million ton

我們的趨勢是今年 會產生出三億噸的塑膠。

of plastic this year.

Roughly eight million ton

大約有八百萬噸塑膠

are racing to flow into the ocean

在全速流入海洋中，

to join the estimated 150 million ton already there.

去加入已經在海洋裡的塑膠， 估計有一億五千萬噸。

Reportedly, 80 percent of ocean plastic

據報導，海洋塑膠有 80%

is coming from those countries that have extreme poverty.

是來自極度貧窮的那些國家。

And if you live in the grips of poverty

如果你的生活十分貧窮，

concerned, always, about food

總是要擔心食物、

or shelter

避風遮雨的地方

or a sense of security,

或安全感，

recycling --

那麼回收

it's beyond your realm of imagination.

完全在你想像之外。

And that is exactly why

那正是為什麼

I created the Plastic Bank.

我創立了「塑膠銀行」。

We are the world's largest chain of stores

我們是世界上為赤貧者 開設的最大連鎖店，

for the ultra-poor,

where everything in the store is available to be purchased

店中的所有商品，

都可以用塑膠垃圾購買。

using plastic garbage.

Everything.

所有商品。

School tuition.

學費、

Medical insurance.

醫療保險、

Wi-Fi, cell phone minutes, power.

無線網路、手機通話時間、電力。

Sustainable cooking fuel, high-efficiency stoves.

永續的作菜用燃料、高效能爐子。

And we keep wanting to add everything else

我們不斷想要納入其他東西，

that the world may need and can't afford.

世界可能需要卻負擔不起的東西。

Our chain of stores in Haiti are more like community centers,

我們在海地的連鎖商店， 比較像是社區中心，

where one of our collectors,

我們的收集者之一，

Lise Nasis,

莉西納希絲，

has the opportunity to earn a living

有機會靠自己謀生，

by collecting material from door to door,

她挨家挨戶收集材料，

from the streets,

到街上撿拾，

from business to business.

去各企業回收。

And at the end of her day, she gets to bring the material back to us,

在每天結束時，她把 這些材料帶回來給我們，

where we weigh it, we check it for quality,

我們會秤重，確認品質，

and we transfer the value into her account.

然後把相應的價值 轉帳到她的帳戶中。

Lise now has a steady,

莉西現在有穩定、

reliable source of income.

可靠的收入來源，

And that value we transfer into an online account for her.

是我們轉到她線上帳戶裏頭的。

And because it's a savings account, it becomes an asset

因為是儲蓄帳戶，它成了資產，

that she can borrow against.

她可以用來借錢。

And because it's online,

且因為是線上的帳戶，

she has security against robbery,

能安全不會被搶劫，

and I think more importantly,

並且我認為更重要的是

she has a new sense of worth.

她有了新的價值感。

And even the plastic

即使塑膠

has a new sense of value.

也有了新的價值。

Hm.

嗯。

And that plastic we collect,

我們收集塑膠，

and we add value to,

我們把價值加上去，

we sort it,

我們將之分類，

we remove labels,

我們除去標籤，

we remove caps.

我們除去蓋子。

We either shred it

我們甚至將之切碎，

or we pack it into bales and get it ready for export.

或是打包成一大包，準備出口。

Now, it's no different than walking over acres of diamonds.

這和走過一片鑽石地沒有什麼差別。

If Lise was to walk over acres of diamonds

如果莉西走過一片鑽石地，

but there was no store, no bank,

但沒有商店、沒有銀行、

no way to use the diamonds, no way to exchange them,

沒有可以使用、交易鑽石的方式，

they'd be worthless, too.

那麼鑽石也沒有價值。

And Lise was widowed

莉西的先生過世了，

after the 2010 Haitian earthquake,

死於 2010 年的海地地震，

left homeless without an income.

之後她無家可歸也沒有收入。

And as a result of the program,

因為這項計畫，

Lise can afford her two daughters' school tuition

莉西能負擔得起兩個女兒的學費

and uniforms.

以及制服。

Now, that plastic

那些塑膠會被我們賣掉。

we sell.

We sell it to suppliers of great brands

被我們賣給像馬莎百貨之類 大品牌的供應商，

like Marks and Spencer,

who have commissioned the use of social plastic

他們被委以將社會塑膠

in their products.

用在他們的產品中。

Or like Henkel,

或像漢高公司，

the German consumer-goods company,

它是一間德國的消費品公司，

who are using social plastic directly into their manufacturing.

他們在製造過程直接使用社會塑膠。

We've closed the loop

我們已完封了循環經濟的迴圈。

in the circular economy.

Now buy shampoo

現在，去買洗髮精

or laundry detergent

或衣服洗滌劑，

that has social plastic packaging,

且是用社會塑膠包裝的，

and you are indirectly contributing

那麼你就間接做出貢獻，

to the extraction of plastic from ocean-bound waterways

協助將塑膠從與流向海的水路取出，

and alleviating poverty

同時也協助減少貧困。

at the same time.

And that model

而那個模型

is completely replicable.

是完全可以複製的。

In São Paulo,

在聖保羅，

a church sermon encourages parishioners

有場教堂佈道鼓勵教區居民

to not just bring offering on Sunday,

在星期日不只帶來貢品，

but the recycling, too.

也要帶來回收品。

We then match the church with the poor.

我們接著把教堂和貧窮人配對，

Or, I believe more powerfully,

或，我相信更有力的做法是

we could match a mosque in London with an impoverished church in Cairo.

我們可以把倫敦的一間清真寺 和一間開羅的窮困教堂配對。

Or like in Vancouver,

或是像在溫哥華，

with our bottle-deposit program:

有我們的瓶子存款計畫：

now any individual

現在，任何個人

or any group

或任何團體

can now return

現在能夠歸還

their deposit-refundable recyclables,

可退還存款的回收物資，

and instead of taking back the cash,

但他們不拿回現金，

they have the opportunity to deposit that value

而是可以把那價值存入

into the account of the poor around the world.

世界各地窮人的帳戶中。

We can now use our recycling

現在能用我們的回收

to support and create recyclers.

來支援和創造回收者。

One bottle deposited at home

在此地存入一個瓶子

could help extract hundreds around the world.

能協助促成世界各地 回收數百個瓶子。

Or, like Shell,

或，像殼牌這間能源公司，

the energy company,

who's invested in our plastic-neutral program.

投資了我們的「塑膠中和」計畫。

Plastic neutrality is like carbon-neutral.

塑膠中和就像是碳中和。

But plastic neutrality invests in recycling infrastructure

但塑膠中和則是在 沒有回收基礎設施的地方

where it doesn't exist.

投資回收的基礎設施。

And it provides an incentive for the poor

它提供優惠給窮人，

by providing a price increase.

方式就是漲價。

Or --

或者

like in the slums of Manila,

像馬尼拉的貧民窟，

where the smallest market

在那裡，最小的市場，

with a simple scale and a phone

即使只有簡單的磅秤和一具電話，

can now accept social plastic

現在也能接受用社會塑膠

as a new form of payment by weight,

秤重量來當作新的付款方式，

allowing them to serve more people

這樣就能服務更多人，

and have their own greater social impact.

並有更大的社會影響力。

And what's common here

這裡的共通性是，

is that social plastic

社會塑膠就是錢。

is money.

Social plastic is money,

社會塑膠就是錢，

a globally recognizable and tradable currency that, when used,

是一種全球認可、用來交易的貨幣，

用它能夠減輕貧困，

alleviates poverty and cleans the environment

同時也清理了環境。

at the same time.

It's not just plastic.

它不只是塑膠。

It's not recycled plastic, it's social plastic,

它不是回收塑膠而是社會塑膠，

a material whose value is transferred

其價值透過

through the lives of the people who encounter it,

撿拾它的人的生命而轉化，

rich and poor.

不論他們是貧是富。

Humans have produced

人類已經產生出了

over eight trillion kilograms of plastic,

超過八兆公斤的塑膠，

most of it still here as waste.

大部分還被當作廢棄物。

Eight trillion kilograms.

八兆公斤。

Worth roughly 50 cents a kilo,

一公斤大約值五十分錢，

we're potentially unleashing a four-trillion-dollar value.

有能夠釋出四兆美元價值的潛力。

See, I see social plastic

我把社會塑膠視為

as the Bitcoin for the earth --

地球的比特幣，

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

and available for everyone.

且人人可取得。

Now the entire ecosystem is managed and supported

現在，整個生態系統都是透過

through an online banking platform

線上銀行平台來管理和支援，

that provides for the safe, authentic transfer of value globally.

這個平台提供安全且 真實的全球價值轉移。

You can now deposit your recyclables in Vancouver or Berlin,

你可以在溫哥華或柏林 存入回收的資源，

and a family could withdraw building bricks or cell phone minutes

某一家人能從馬尼拉的 貧民窟提領建築磚塊

或手機通話的時間。

in the slums of Manila.

Or Lise --

或，莉西──

she could deposit recycling at a center in Port-au-Prince,

她可以在太子港的 一間回收中心存入資源，

and her mother could withdraw cooking fuel or cash

她母親可以在城市另一頭

across the city.

提領做菜的燃料或現金。

And the app adds rewards,

手機應用程式增加了獎賞、

incentives,

優惠、

group prizes,

團體獎品、

user rating.

使用者評價。

We've gamified recycling.

我們把回收給遊戲化了。

We add fun and formality

我們將樂趣和正式性加入了

into an informal industry.

一個非正式的產業中。

We're operating in Haiti and the Philippines.

我們在海地和菲律賓營運，

We've selected staff

我們為巴西篩選員工和合作夥伴。

and partners for Brazil.

And this year, we're committing to India and Ethiopia.

今年，我們會投入印度和衣索比亞。

We're collecting hundreds

我們在收集數百噸的材料。

and hundreds of tons of material.

We continue to add partners

我們持續增加合作夥伴

and customers,

和客戶，

and we increase our collection volumes every day.

且我們每天的收集量都在上升。

Now as a result of our program with Henkel,

我們和漢高公司合作的計畫的結果，

they've committed to use over 100 million kilograms

他們已承諾每年要使用超過

of material every year.

一億公斤的回收材料。

That alone will put hundreds of millions of dollars

光是這樣，就能把數億美元交到

into the hands of the poor

新興經濟體中的窮人手中。

in the emerging economies.

And so now,

所以，現在，

we can all

我們所有人都可以

be a part of the solution

成為解決方案的一部分，

and not the pollution.

而非污染的一部分。

And so, OK, maybe cleaning the ocean is futile.

所以也許清理海洋是徒勞無益的。

It might be.

有可能。

But preventing ocean plastic

而預防塑膠進入海洋

could be humanity's richest opportunity.

卻有可能是人類的最佳機會。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）