John Kasaona: How poachers became caretakers

Prevodilac: Ivana Korom Lektor: Sandra Gojic

In Africa we say,

U Africi kažemo,

"God gave the white man a watch

"Bog je belom čoveku dao sat,

and gave the black man time."

a crnom čoveku vreme."

(Laughter)

(smeh)

I think, how is it possible

Mislim, kako je moguće

for a man with so much time

da čovek sa toliko vremena

to tell his story in 18 minutes?

ispriča svoju priču u 18 minuta.

I think it will be quite a challenge for me.

Mislim da će mi to biti priličan izazov.

Most African stories these days,

Većina afričkih priča ovih dana

they talk about famine,

govori o gladi,

HIV and AIDS,

HIV-u i SIDI,

poverty or war.

siromaštvu ili ratu.

But my story that I would like to share with you today

Ali priča koju ja želim da podelim sa vama danas

is the one about success.

je o uspehu.

It is about a country

To je priča o zemlji

in the southwest of Africa

u jugozapadnoj Africi,

called Namibia.

koja se zove Namibija.

Namibia has got 2.1 million people,

Namibija ima 2.1 miliona stanovnika,

but it is only twice the size of California.

ali je samo duplo veća od Kalifornije.

I come from a region

Ja potičem iz regiona

in the remote northwest part of the country.

u udaljenom severozapadnom delu zemlje.

It's called Kunene region.

Zove se Kunene regija.

And in the center of Kunene region

A u središtu Kunene regije

is the village of Sesfontein. This is where I was born.

nalazi se selo Sesfontejn. Tamo sam rođen.

This is where I'm coming from.

Odavde potičem.

Most people that are following the story

Većina ljudi koja prati priču

of Angelina Jolie

o Anđelini Žoli

and Brad Pitt

i Bredu Pitu

will know where Namibia is.

znaće gde je Namibija.

They love Namibia

Oni vole Namibiju

for its beautiful dunes,

zbog njenih divnih dina

that are even taller

koje su više čak

than the Empire State Building.

i od Empajer stejt bildinga.

Wind and time have twisted our landscape

Vetar i vreme su oblikovali naše predele

into very strange shapes,

u veoma čudne oblike.

and these shapes are speckled with wildlife

A ti oblici su puni divljeg života

that has become so adapted

koji je uspeo da se prilagodi

to this harsh and strange land.

ovoj surovoj i čudnoj zemlji.

I'm a Himba.

Ja sam Himba.

You might wonder, why are you wearing these Western clothes?

Možda se pitate, zašto nosiš ovo zapadnjačko odelo?

I'm a Himba and Namibian.

Ja sam Himba i Namibijac.

A Himba is one of the 29

Himba je jedna od 29

ethnic groups in Namibia.

etničkih grupa u Namibiji.

We live a very traditional lifestyle.

Mi živimo veoma tradicionalnim načinom života.

I grew up herding,

Odrastao sam kao pastir,

looking after our livestock --

čuvajući našu stoku -

goats, sheep and cattle.

koze, ovce i krave.

And one day,

I jednog dana,

my father actually took me into the bush.

otac me je odveo u divljinu.

He said, "John,

Rekao je, "Džon,

I want you to become a good herder.

želim da postaneš dobar pastir.

Boy, if you are looking after our livestock

Dečače, ako čuvajući stoku

and you see a cheetah

vidiš čitu

eating our goat --

kako jede kozu,

cheetah is very nervous --

čita je veoma nervozna.

just walk up to it.

Priđi joj.

Walk up to it and smack it on the backside."

Priđi joj i odalami je po leđima."

(Laughter)

(smeh)

"And he will let go of the goat

"I ona će pustiti kozu

and run off."

i otrčaće."

But then he said,

Ali onda je rekao,

"Boy, if you run into a lion,

"Dečko, ako naiđeš na lava,

don't move.

ne pomeraj se.

Don't move. Stand your ground.

Ne mrdaj. Zaustavi se u mestu.

Puff up and just look it in the eye

Udahni i samo ga pogledaj u oči

and it may not want to fight you."

i možda neće hteti da se bori s tobom."

(Laughter)

(smeh)

But then, he said,

Ali onda je rekao,

"If you see a leopard,

"Ako vidiš leoparda,

boy, you better run like hell."

dečko, bolje trči koliko te noge nose."

(Laughter)

(smeh)

"Imagine you run faster than those goats you are looking after."

"Zamisli da trčiš brže od onih koza koje čuvaš."

In this way --

Tako -

(Laughter)

(smeh)

In this way, I actually started to learn about nature.

Na taj način sam počeo da učim o prirodi.

In addition to being an ordinary Namibian

Znate, pored toga što sam običan Namibijac

and in addition to being a Himba

i pored toga što sam Himba,

I'm also a trained conservationist.

ja sam obrazovani zaštitinik životne sredine.

And it is very important if you are in the field

Kad ste u polju, veoma je važno

to know what to confront

znati sa čim se suočiti

and what to run from.

a od čega bežati.

I was born in 1971.

Rođen sam 1971.

We lived under apartheid regime.

Živeli smo pod aparthejdom.

The whites could farm, graze

Belci su mogli da gaje, napasaju

and hunt as they wished,

i love koliko god su hteli,

but we black, we were not regarded as responsible

ali nas crnce nisu smatrali odgovornim

to use wildlife.

da koristimo divljač.

Whenever we tried to hunt,

Kad god smo pokušali da lovimo

we were called poachers.

nazivali su nas lovokradicama.

And as a result, we were fined and locked up in jail.

Kao rezultat toga, kaznili su nas i poslali u zatvor.

Between 1966 and 1990,

Između 1966. i 1990.

the U.S. and Soviet interests

američke i sovjetske snage

fought for control over my country.

su se borile za kontrolu nad mojom zemljom.

And you know, during war time,

I znate, tokom rata

there are militaries, armies, that are moving around.

ima vojske svuda.

And the army hunted for valuable rhino horns

A vojnici su lovili nosoroge zobg

and tusks.

vrednih rogova i kljova.

They could sell these things for anything between

I mogli su ih prodati za

$5,000 a kilo.

čak 5000 dolara za kilogram.

During the same year

Tokom iste godine

almost every Himba had a rifle.

skoro svaki Himba imao je pušku.

Because it was wartime,

Zbog rata,

the British .303 rifle

britanska .303 puška

was just all over the whole country.

bila je svuda u zemlji.

Then in the same time, around 1980,

Onda, u isto vreme, oko 1980.

we had a very big drought.

imali smo ogromnu sušu.

It killed almost everything that was left.

Ubila je skoro sve što je ostalo.

Our livestock was

Naša stoka je bila

almost at the brink of extinction,

na ivici izumiranja,

protected as well.

čak i ona zaštićena.

We were hungry.

Bili smo gladni.

I remember a night

Sećam se jedne noći

when a hungry leopard

kada je gladni leopard

went into the house

ušao u kuću

of one of our neighbors

jednog od naših komšija

and took a sleeping child out of the bed.

i uzeo njegovo usnulo dete iz kreveta.

It's a very sad story.

Veoma tužna priča.

But even today,

Ali čak i danas

that memory is still in people's minds.

ljudi se toga sećaju.

They can pinpoint the exact location

Mogu tačno da pokažu

where this all happened.

mesto gde se sve to desilo.

And then, in the same year,

I onda, u istoj godini,

we almost lost everything.

skoro sve smo izgubili.

And my father said, "Why don't you just go to school?"

Moj otac je rekao, "Zašto jednostavno ne bi išao u školu?"

And they sent me off to school, just to get busy somewhere there.

I poslali su me u školu, samo da budem zauzet negde.

And the year I went to school,

Te godine kad sam krenuo u školu,

my father actually got a job with a non-governmental organization

moj otac je dobio posao u nevladinoj organizaciji

called IRDNC, Integrated Rural Development and Nature Conservation.

koja se zove IRDNC (IRRPO) - Integrisani ruralni razvoj i prirodno očuvanje.

They actually spend a lot of time a year in the communities.

Oni zapravo mnogo vremena tokom godine provode u zajednicama.

They were trusted by the local communities

Lokalne zajednice su imale poverenja u njih,

like our leader, Joshua Kangombe.

kao i naš vođa, Džošua Kangombe.

Joshua Kangombe saw what was happening:

Džošua Kangombe je video šta se dešava:

wildlife disappearing,

divlje životinje nestaju,

poaching was skyrocketing,

krivolov je vrtoglavo rastao,

and the situation seemed very hopeless.

i situacija je delovala veoma beznadežno.

Death and despair surrounded Joshua

Smrt i očaj su okružili Džošuu

and our entire communities.

i čitave naše zajednice.

But then, the people from IRDNC proposed to Joshua:

Ali onda su ljudi iz IRDNC-a predložili Džošui:

What if we pay people that you trust

Kako bi bilo da platimo ljudima kojima verujete

to look after wildlife?

da brinu o divljini?

Do you have anybody in your communities, or people,

Da li imate nekoga u vašim zajednicama, ili u narodu,

that know the bush very well

ko dobro poznaje divljinu

and that know wildlife very well?

i dobro poznaje divlje životinje?

The headman said: "Yes. Our poachers."

Glavešina je rekao "Da. Naše lovokradice."

"Eh? The poachers?"

"A? Lovokradice?"

"Yes. Our poachers."

"Da. Naše lovokradice."

And that was my father.

I to je bio moj otac.

My father has been a poacher for quite a long time.

Moj otac je dugo vremena bio lovokradica.

Instead of shooting poachers dead

Umesto da se postaraju za dugove lovokradica,

like they were doing elsewhere in Africa,

kao što su radili drugde u Africi,

IRDNC has helped men reclaim their abilities

IRDNC je pomogao ljudima da ponovo

to manage their peoples

upravljaju svojim narodima

and their rights to own and manage wildlife.

i njihovim pravima da poseduju i upravljaju divljim životinjama.

And thus, as people started feeling ownership over wildlife,

I stoga, kako su ljudi osetili da poseduju divljač,

wildlife numbers started coming back,

njihov broj se povećavao

and that's actually becoming a foundation for conservation in Namibia.

i to je pokrenulo fondaciju za očuvanje u Namibiji.

With independence, the whole approach of community getting involved

Sa nezavisnošću, naša nova vlada je prihvatila

was embraced by our new government.

ideju o tome da zajednica bude uključena.

Three things that actually help to build on this foundation:

Tri stvari koje su zaista pomogle da se gradi ova fondacija:

The very first one is

Prva je

honoring of tradition and being open to new ideas.

poštovanje tradicije i otvorenost za nove ideje.

Here is our tradition:

Evo naše tradicije.

At every Himba village, there is a sacred fire.

U svakom Himba selu postoji jedna sveta vatra.

And at this sacred fire, the spirit of our ancestors

I kroz tu svetu vatru duh naših predaka

speak through the headman

govori kroz vođu

and advise us where to get water,

i savetuje nas gde da nađemo vodu,

where to get grazings,

gde travu za ispašu

and where to go and hunt.

i gde da idemo i lovimo.

And I think this is the best way of regulating ourselves

I mislim da je ovo najbolji način da se upravljamo

on the environment.

u životnoj sredini.

And here are the new ideas.

A evo i novih ideja.

Transporting rhinos using helicopters

Mislim da je transportovanje nosoroga

I think is much easier

helikopterima mnogo lakše

than talking through a spirit that you can't see, isn't it?

nego pričanje preko nekog duha koga ne možete da vidite, zar ne?

And these things we were taught by outsiders.

Ovim stvarima su nas naučili stranci.

We learned these things from outsiders.

Ovo smo naučili od stranaca.

We needed new boundaries to describe our traditional lands;

Bile su nam potrebne nove granice da opišemo našu tradicionalnu zemlju;

we needed to learn more things like GPS

bilo je potrebno da naučimo više stvari kao što je GPS

just to see whether --

samo da bismo videli

can GPS really reflect the true reflection of the land

da li GPS može da pokaže pravi odraz zemlje

or is this just a thing made somewhere in the West?

ili je to samo neka stvar napravljena negde na zapadu?

And we then wanted to see whether we can match our

I onda smo želeli da vidimo da li se poklapaju

ancestral maps with digital maps made somewhere in the world.

mape naših predaka sa digitalnim mapama napravljenim negde u svetu.

And through this,

I kroz ovo

we actually started realizing our dreams,

smo ustvari počeli da ostvarujemo svoje snove

and we maintained honoring our traditions

i nastavili smo da poštujemo tradiciju

but we were still open to new ideas.

ali i dalje smo bili otvoreni za nove ideje.

The second element is that we wanted to have a life,

Drugi element je taj da smo želeli da imamo život,

a better life where we can benefit through many things.

bolji život u kom možemo da imamo koristi kroz mnoge stvari.

Most poachers, like my father,

Mnoge lovokradice, kao moj otac,

were people from our own community.

bile su iz naših zajednica.

They were not people from outside.

Nisu bili ljudi spolja.

These were our own people.

To su bili naši ljudi.

And sometimes, once they were caught,

I ponekad, kad bi bili uhvaćeni,

they were treated with respect, brought back into the communities

tretirani su s poštovanjem, vraćeni u zajednice

and they were made part of the bigger dreams.

i činili su deo većih snova.

The best one, like my father -- I'm not campaigning for my father --

Najbolji, kao moj otac - ne promovišem svog oca -

(Laughter)

(smeh)

they were put in charge to stop others from poaching.

dobili su zaduženje da zaustave druge lovokradice.

And when this thing started going on,

I kada je to počelo da se događa,

we started becoming one community,

počeli smo da postajemo jedna zajednica;

renewing our connection to nature.

znali smo svoju vezu sa prirodom.

And that was a very strong thing in Namibia.

A to je veoma, veoma jaka stvar u Namibiji.

The last element that actually helped develop these things

Poslednji element koji je pomogao da se ovo razvije

was the partnerships.

su partnerstva.

Our government has given legal status over our traditional lands.

Naša vlada je legalizovala našu tradicionalnu teritoriju.

The other partners that we have got

Drugi partneri koje smo dobili

is business communities.

su poslovne zajednice.

Business communities helped bring Namibia onto the world map

Poslovne zajednice su pomogle da se Namibija nađe na svetskoj mapi

and they have also helped make wildlife

i pomogle su da divlja teritorija

a very valuable land use like any other land uses

postane vredna korišćenja, kao bilo koja druga,

such as agriculture.

kao poljoprivredna.

And most of my conservation colleagues today

I mnoge moje kolege zaštitari koje

that you find in Namibia

danas možete naći u Namibiji

have been trained through the initiative,

obučavane su kroz ovu inicijativu,

through the involvement of World Wildlife Fund

kroz uključenje Svetskog fonda za zaštitu divljine,

in the most up-to-date conservation practices.

podučavani najmodernijim znanjima iz zaštite.

They have also given funding for two decades

Takođe već dve decenije finansiraju

to this whole program.

ceo ovaj program.

And so far, with the support of World Wildlife Fund,

I do sada smo, uz pomoć Svetskog fonda za zaštitu životne sredine,

we've been able to scale up the very small programs

uspeli da veoma male programe dovedemo

to national programs today.

do programa na nacionalnom nivou.

Namibia ... or Sesfontein

Namibija... Ili Sesfontejn

was no more an isolated village somewhere,

nije više bilo neko izolovano selo,

hidden away in Namibia.

skriveno u Namibiji.

With these assets we are now part of the global village.

Sa ovim dobitima, mi smo sada deo globalnog sela.

Thirty years have passed

Trideset godina je prošlo

since my father's first job as a community game guard.

od kad je moj otac dobio prvi posao kao čuvar divljači.

It's very unfortunate that he passed away and he cannot see the success

Nažalost, on je preminuo i ne može da vidi uspeh

as I and my children see it today.

kao što ja i moja deca vidimo danas.

When I finished school in 1995,

Kada sam završio školu, 1995.,

there were only 20 lions in the entire Northwest -- in our area.

bilo je samo 20 lavova u celom severozapadu - u našem području.

But today, there are more than 130 lions.

Ali danas, ima ih više od 130.

(Applause)

(aplauz)

So please, if you go to Namibia,

Zato molim vas, ako idete u Namibiju,

make sure that you stay in the tents.

postarajte se da ostanete u šatorima.

Don't walk out at night!

Ne šetajte napolju noću!

(Laughter)

(smeh)

The black rhino -- they were almost extinct in 1982.

Crni nosorog - bili su skoro istrebljeni 1982.

But today, Kunene has the largest concentration of black rhino --

Ali danas, Kunene je najviše naseljen crnim nosorozima -

free-roaming black rhinos -- in the world.

slobodnim crnim nosorozima - na svetu.

This is outside the protected area.

Ovo je izvan zaštićene oblasti.

(Applause)

(aplauz)

The leopard -- they are now in big numbers

Leopard - sad ih ima u velikim brojevima

but they are now far away from our village,

ali sada su udaljeni od našeg sela

because the natural plain has multiplied,

zato što se prirodna ravnica napunila,

like zebras, springboks and everything.

zebrama, antilopama i svime.

They stay very much far away

Oni se drže prilično daleko,

because this other thing has multiplied

jer se ova druga stvar namnožila,

from less than a thousand to tens of thousands of animals.

sa manje od hiljadu na desetine hiljada životinja.

What started as very small,

I ono što je počelo kao veoma malo,

community rangers getting community involved,

šumari koji angažuju zajednicu,

has now grown into something that we call conservancies.

izraslo je u nešto što nazivamo konzervacijama.

Conservancies are legally instituted institutions

Konzervacije su legalne institucije

by the government,

koje je osnovala vlada,

and these are run by the communities themselves, for their benefit.

a vode ih same zajednice, za svoju korist.

Today, we have got 60 conservancies

Danas, imamo 60 konzervacija

that manage and protect over 13 million hectares

koje vode i štite preko 30 miliona hektara

of land in Namibia.

zemlje u Namibiji.

We have already reshaped conservation in the entire country.

Već smo preoblikovali zaštitu u celoj zemlji.

Nowhere else in the world

Nigde drugde u svetu

has community-adopted conservation at this scale.

nisu zajednice toliko uključene u zaštitu.

(Applause)

(aplauz)

In 2008, conservancy generated 5.7 million dollars.

U 2008. godini konzervacije su donele 5.7 miliona dolara.

This is our new economy --

To je naša nova ekonomija -

an economy based on the respect of our natural resources.

ekonomija zasnovana na poštovanju naših prirodnih resursa.

And we are able to use this money for many things:

I u mogućnosti smo da iskoristimo ovaj novac za mnoge stvari.

Very importantly, we put it in education.

Veoma važno, ulažemo ga u naše obrazovanje.

Secondly, we put it for infrastructure. Food.

Drugo, ulažemo ga u infrastrukturu. U hranu.

Very important as well -- we invest this money in AIDS and HIV education.

Takođe veoma bitno - ulažemo taj novac u edukaciju o HIV-u i SIDI.

You know that Africa is being affected by these viruses.

Znate da je Afrika pogođena ovim virusima.

And this is the good news from Africa

A ovo je dobra vest iz Afrike,

that we have to shout from the rooftops.

koju treba da vičemo na sav glas.

(Applause)

(aplauz)

And now, what the world really needs

Sada, ono što je svetu zaista potrebno,

is for you to help me and our partners

je da pomognete meni i mojim partnerima

take some of what we have learned in Namibia

da nešto od onoga što smo naučili u Namibiji

to other places with similar problems:

prenesemo na druga mesta sa sličnim problemima:

places like Mongolia,

na mesta kao što je Mongolija,

or even in your own backyards,

ili čak u vaša sopstvena dvorišta,

the Northern Great Plains,

kao što je Severna velika visoravan,

where buffalo and other animals have suffered

gde bivo i druge životinje pate

and many communities are in decline.

i mnoge zajednice su u opadanju.

I like that one:

To mi se sviđa.

Namibia serving as a model to Africa,

Namibija služi kao model Africi,

and Africa serving as a model to the United States.

a Afrika služi kao model Sjedinjenim Državama.

(Applause)

(aplauz)

We were successful in Namibia

U Namibiji smo uspeli

because we dreamed of a future

jer smo sanjali o budućnosti

that was much more than just a healthy wildlife.

koja je bila mnogo više od samo zdrave divljine.

We knew conservation would fail

Znali smo da će očuvanje propasti

if it doesn't work to improve the lives of the local communities.

ako ne radi na tome da poboljša živote u lokalnim zajednicama.

So, come and talk to me about Namibia,

Dakle, dođite i razgovarajte sa mnom o Namibiji,

and better yet, come to Namibia

ili još bolje, dođite u Namibiju

and see for yourself how we have done it.

i uverite se kako smo uspeli u tome.

And please, do visit our website

I molim vas, posetite naš web sajt

to learn more and see how you can help CBNRM

da saznate više o tome kako da pomognete CBNRM

in Africa and across the world.

u Africi i širom sveta.

Thank you very much.

Mnogo vam hvala.

(Applause)

(aplauz)