Capitalism isn't an ideology -- it's an operating system | Bhu Srinivasan

Prevodilac: Jelena Delibasic Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

So, what is capitalism?

Šta je kapitalizam?

Kapitalizam je, u osnovi, serija tržišta.

Capitalism, fundamentally, is a series of marketplaces.

You can have a marketplace for lemonade,

Možete imati tržište za limunadu,

a marketplace for lemons,

tržište za limun,

a marketplace for trucks that transport lemons,

tržište za kamione koji prevoze limun,

a marketplace that fuels those trucks,

tržište koje obezbeđuje gorivo za te kamione,

marketplaces that sell wood to build lemonade stands.

tržišta koja prodaju drva za izgradnju štandova za limunadu.

However, capitalism of course, as we know,

Međutim, kapitalizam koji prepoznajemo je, naravno,

is this either celebrated term

ili termin koji se slavi

or condemned term.

ili termin koji se osuđuje.

It's either revered or it's reviled.

Ili je obožavan ili je klevetan.

And I'm here to argue that this is because capitalism,

A ovde sam da dokažem da je ovako

in the modern iteration, is largely misunderstood.

zato što kapitalizam u modernom govoru u velikoj meri pogrešno razumemo.

In my view,

Ja mislim

capitalism should not be thought of as an ideology,

da o kapitalizmu ne treba misliti kao o ideologiji,

but instead should be thought of as an operating system.

već kao o operativnom sistemu.

Think of your iPhone.

Pomislite na svoj ajfon.

Your iPhone merges hardware with software.

Vaš ajfon spaja hardver i softver.

Apps and hardware.

Aplikacije i hardver.

Now think about all the hardware as the physical reality all around you,

Sada razmišljajte o svakom hardveru kao o fizičkoj realnosti svuda oko vas

and think of the apps as entrepreneurial activity,

i razmišljajte o aplikacijama kao o preduzetničkoj aktivnosti,

creative energy.

kreativnoj energiji.

And in-between, you have an operating system.

A između imate operativni sistem.

As you have advances in hardware,

Kako imate unapređenja za hardver,

you have advances in software.

tako imate unapređenja za softver.

And the operating system needs to keep up.

A operativni sistem mora to da isprati.

It needs to be patched, it needs to be updated,

On mora da se popravi, mora da se ažurira,

new releases have to happen.

mora da dođe do novih verzija.

And all of these things have to happen symbiotically.

I sve ovo mora nastati u simbiozi.

The operating system needs to keep getting more and more advanced

Operativni sistem mora stalno da se sve više unapređuje

to keep up with innovation.

da bi išao u korak sa inovacijama.

And this is why, fundamentally,

I zbog toga, u osnovi, gledano,

when you think about it as an operating system,

kada razmišljate o njemu kao operativnom sistemu,

it devolves the language of ideology

jezik ideologije se udaljava

away from what traditional defenders of capitalism think.

od onoga šta tradicionalni zaštitnici kapitalizma misle.

But even if you go to the constitution,

Čak i ako uzmete Ustav,

primetićete da, pre nego što su osnivači došli do Prvog amandmana -

you'll notice, before the founders even got to the First Amendment --

with free speech, free religion, free press,

gde je sloboda govora, sloboda veroispovesti, sloboda štampe -

they thought about patents and copyright.

oni su razmišljali o patentima i autorskim pravima.

They talked about the government's role in promoting arts and sciences.

Oni su govorili o ulozi vlade u promovisanju umetnosti i nauke.

It's the reason why I could not start a search engine tomorrow called Goggle.

Zbog toga ne bih mogao sutra da pokrenem pretraživač po imenu Gogl.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Google doesn't own Gs,

Gugl ne poseduje slovo „g“,

but I couldn't do it because there could be some confusion.

ali ne bih mogao to da uradim jer bi došlo do zabune.

So even property rights have ambiguity built into them.

Tako čak i prava vlasništva imaju u sebi dvosmislenost.

And on and on.

I tako dalje.

And by 1900, you have other types of property that come into being.

A do 1900. godine pojavili su se drugi oblici vlasništva.

For instance, imagine that in 1900, you owned 100 acres of land

Na primer, zamislite da ste 1900. godine imali 100 hektara zemlje

someplace in the Midwest.

negde na Srednjem zapadu.

It's very easy to see where your fence ends,

Veoma je lako videti gde vam se ograda završava,

your neighbor's property begins.

a gde počinje komšijino imanje.

Now let me ask you,

Sada mi dozvolite da vas pitam: gde vam se na nebu završava vlasništvo?

where in the sky does your property end?

Does it end at 1,000 feet,

Da li se završava na oko 300 metara,

5,000 feet, 10,000 feet?

1 500 metara, 3 000 metara?

It makes no difference,

Nema razlike,

because other than the novelty of a few hot-air balloons,

jer sem novine koju predstavlja nekoliko vazduhoplovnih balona,

man couldn't fly.

čovek nije mogao da leti.

But within three years, he could.

Ali, za tri godine je mogao.

Now all of a sudden, it was very much relevant

I sada je odjednom bilo veoma bitno

whether your land ends at 1,000 feet in the sky,

da li se vaš posed završava na oko 300 metara na nebu,

5,000 feet, 10,000 feet.

1 500 metara, 3 000 metara.

And you have to have someone arbitrate that.

I morate imati nekoga ko će o tome da odluči.

And indeed, that's exactly what happened.

I to je, u stvari, ono što se desilo.

Za pet ili deset godina

And five or ten years from now,

when Amazon wants to deliver a package over your house to your neighbor

kada Amazon bude želeo da isporuči paket preko vaše kuće do vašeg komšije

from that UPS truck,

iz tog kamiona kurirske službe,

we're going to have to decide: Does you property end at five feet,

moraćemo da odlučimo da li se vaš posed završava na oko 1,5 metara,

10 feet, 50 feet, 100 feet?

3 metra, 15 metara, 30 metara.

Where does it end?

Gde se završava?

And there is no ideology

I tu nema ideologije

that will tell you where your property ends.

koja će vam reći gde se vaš posed završava.

It's an operating system.

To je operativni sistem.

And similarly,

A slično će se desiti sa automobilima.

we're going to see this with automobiles.

A few years after the Wright brothers figured out flight,

Nekoliko godina nakon što su braća Rajt izumela letenje,

human beings started using more and more cars.

ljudi su sve više počeli da koriste automobile.

And all of a sudden,

I odjednom,

the regulatory system -- the operating system --

regulatorni sistem - operativni sistem -

had to be patched to all of a sudden address the safety of consumers.

morao je odjednom da se popravi da bi zaštitio bezbednost potrošača.

That the consumers of vehicles were presenting danger to horses,

Korisnici automobila predstavljali su opasnost po konje,

other pedestrians, trolleys, what have you.

ostale pešake, tramvaje, štagod.

And all of a sudden,

I odjednom,

the drivers of these automobiles had to have driver's licenses, eye exams,

vozači ovih automobila su morali da imaju vozačke dozvole, očni test,

registered motor vehicles, speed limits,

registrovana vozila, ograničenje brzine,

rules of the road,

pravila vožnje,

so that horses, pedestrians, could coexist with cars.

kako bi konji, pešaci mogli da koegzistiraju sa automobilima.

It had to be backwards compatible.

Kompatibilnost je morala da se podesi unazad.

So a new invention had to basically fit advances from the past.

Tako je novi izum morao da se prilagodi napretku iz prošlosti.

Similarly, five or ten years from now,

Slično tome, za pet ili deset godina,

we're going to see the same thing with self-driving cars --

svedočićemo istoj stvari sa samovozećim automobilima -

koji će koegzistirati sa automobilima koje voze ljudi.

coexisting with human-driven cars.

The reason why this is important, is in 10 years,

Ovo je važno zbog toga što će se za 10 godina

another thing is going to happen beyond drones and self-driving cars,

desiti još nešto veće od dronova i samovozećih automobila;

but you're going to see the most valuable economy in the world --

videćete najvredniju ekonomiju na svetu -

the largest economy in the world --

najveću ekonomiju na svetu -

is going to be a country run by communists.

a to će biti zemlja koju će voditi komunisti.

The Chinese seem to be very good at capitalism.

Izgleda da Kinezima dobro ide kapitalizam.

And this is going to have fundamental problems

I ovo će izazvati fundamentalne probleme

and present an identity crisis for the United States.

i predstavljati krizu identiteta za Sjedinjene Države.

Because for a long time,

Jer duže vreme

free markets coincided with liberties such as free speech, free press,

slobodno tržište je značilo slobodu kao što je sloboda govora, štampe,

free religion.

sloboda veroispovesti.

And all of a sudden, this equation is going to be decoupled.

I odjednom, ova jednačina će prestati da važi.

And when it gets decoupled,

I kada prestane da važi,

we might find that democracy, the multitude of voices,

možemo videti da demokratija, mnoštvo glasova,

actually impedes capitalism

u stvari ometa kapitalizam

because a state that does not have any pretense of limited government

jer država koja nema nikakvu farsu ograničene vlade

can very quickly mandate a regulatory framework for drones,

može vrlo brzo da obezbedi mandat za regulatorni okvir za dronove,

for electric cars, for self-driving cars,

za električne automobile, za samovozeće automobile,

for any new innovation

za bilo koju inovaciju

where they feel that they can leapfrog Western societies.

gde vide da mogu da nadmudre zapadna društva.

And this is a very unique thing in the American experience.

A ovo je jedinstveno za američko iskustvo.

And this is why it's very important to think of American capitalism

I zbog toga je veoma važno razmišljati o američkom kapitalizmu

as an operating system and not as an ideology.

kao o operativnom sistemu, a ne kao o ideologiji.

Because when you think about it as an ideology,

Jer kada o njemu razmišljate kao o ideologiji,

you can have good politics make for very, very bad policy.

možete imati dobru politiku, a donositi veoma, veoma loše strategije.

That market outcomes and democratic voices

Rezultati na tržištu i demokratski glasovi

and battles for votes

i bitka za glasove

can end up stifling progress.

mogu na kraju da uguše napredak.

So over the next few years,

Tako ćete u nekoliko narednih godina,

as this political cycle plays out,

kada se odigra ovaj politički ciklus,

you're going to see American democracy

videti kako američka demokratija

rise to meet the challenges that capitalism poses and modernity poses.

napreduje da bi izašla u susret izazovima koje postavlja kapitalizam i moderno doba.

And I ask policymakers to think about --

I molim kreatore politike da razmisle -

decoupling ideology from economics,

o tome da razdvoje ideologiju od ekonomije

and think about how good policy can ultimately become good politics.

i da razmisle o tome kako dobar sistem može na kraju da postane dobra politika.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Aplauz)

(Applause)