Capitalism isn't an ideology -- it's an operating system | Bhu Srinivasan

Reviewer: Intan Andini

So, what is capitalism?

Apa itu kapitalisme?

Capitalism, fundamentally, is a series of marketplaces.

Kapitalisme pada intinya adalah serangkaian pasar.

You can have a marketplace for lemonade,

Anda bisa punya pasar untuk limun,

a marketplace for lemons,

pasar untuk lemon,

a marketplace for trucks that transport lemons,

pasar untuk truk pengangkut lemon,

a marketplace that fuels those trucks,

pasar yang menjual bahan bakar truk itu,

marketplaces that sell wood to build lemonade stands.

pasar yang menjual kayu untuk membuat stan limun.

However, capitalism of course, as we know,

Akan tetapi, kapitalisme, seperti yang kita tahu,

is this either celebrated term

adalah istilah yang diagungkan

or condemned term.

atau yang dihujat.

It's either revered or it's reviled.

Dihargai atau dicaci maki.

And I'm here to argue that this is because capitalism,

Saya di sini untuk mendebatnya karena kapitalisme,

in the modern iteration, is largely misunderstood.

dalam bentuk modernnya, sering disalahpahami.

In my view,

Menurut saya,

capitalism should not be thought of as an ideology,

kapitalisme seharusnya tidak dipahami sebagai ideologi,

but instead should be thought of as an operating system.

melainkan sebagai sistem operasi.

Think of your iPhone.

Pikirkan iPhone Anda.

Your iPhone merges hardware with software.

iPhone Anda menggabungkan perangkat keras dan lunak.

Apps and hardware.

Aplikasi dan perangkat keras.

Now think about all the hardware as the physical reality all around you,

Anggap perangkat keras itu sebagai realitas fisik di sekitar Anda

and think of the apps as entrepreneurial activity,

dan aplikasi sebagai aktivitas wirausaha,

creative energy.

energi kreatif.

And in-between, you have an operating system.

Di antaranya, Anda punya sistem operasi.

As you have advances in hardware,

Semakin Anda meningkatkan perangkat keras,

you have advances in software.

ada juga peningkatan perangkat lunak.

And the operating system needs to keep up.

Dan sistem operasi harus mengikutinya.

It needs to be patched, it needs to be updated,

Butuh patch, butuh pembaruan,

new releases have to happen.

dan rilis terbaru harus dilakukan.

And all of these things have to happen symbiotically.

Semua itu harus terjadi secara simbiotis.

The operating system needs to keep getting more and more advanced

Sistem operasi harus semakin canggih

to keep up with innovation.

untuk mengikuti laju inovasi.

And this is why, fundamentally,

Inilah mengapa, secara fundamental,

when you think about it as an operating system,

ketika Anda anggap itu sebagai sistem operasi,

it devolves the language of ideology

ini menyederhanakan bahasa ideologi

away from what traditional defenders of capitalism think.

jauh dari apa yang dipikirkan pembela kapitalisme tradisional.

But even if you go to the constitution,

Bahkan jika Anda melihat konstitusi,

you'll notice, before the founders even got to the First Amendment --

Anda akan sadar, sebelum para pendiri membuat Amandemen Pertama,

with free speech, free religion, free press,

dengan kebebasan berpendapat, beragama, pers,

they thought about patents and copyright.

mereka memikirkan paten dan hak cipta.

They talked about the government's role in promoting arts and sciences.

Mereka bicara tentang peran pemerintah dalam mempromosikan seni dan sains.

It's the reason why I could not start a search engine tomorrow called Goggle.

Itulah mengapa saya tak bisa memulai mesin pencari bernama Goggle besok.

(Laughter)

(Tawa)

Google doesn't own Gs,

Google bukan pemilik G,

but I couldn't do it because there could be some confusion.

tetapi itu tak bisa dilakukan karena akan ada kebingungan.

So even property rights have ambiguity built into them.

Bahkan hak properti memiliki ambiguitas.

And on and on.

Terus menerus seperti itu.

And by 1900, you have other types of property that come into being.

Lalu pada 1900, ada properti lain yang muncul.

For instance, imagine that in 1900, you owned 100 acres of land

Misalnya, bayangkan di 1900, Anda memiliki 40,46 hektar lahan

someplace in the Midwest.

di daerah Midwest.

It's very easy to see where your fence ends,

Sangat mudah melihat batas lahan Anda

your neighbor's property begins.

dan lahan tetangga Anda.

Now let me ask you,

Saya akan bertanya,

where in the sky does your property end?

di mana batas udara properti Anda?

Does it end at 1,000 feet,

Apakah berakhir di 305 meter,

5,000 feet, 10,000 feet?

1.524 meter, atau 3.048 meter?

It makes no difference,

Tak ada bedanya

because other than the novelty of a few hot-air balloons,

karena selain menaiki balon udara panas,

man couldn't fly.

manusia tak bisa terbang.

But within three years, he could.

Namun, tiga tahun kemudian bisa.

Now all of a sudden, it was very much relevant

Kini, tiba-tiba itu menjadi relevan.

whether your land ends at 1,000 feet in the sky,

Apakah batas properti Anda di ketinggian 305 meter,

5,000 feet, 10,000 feet.

atau 1.524 meter, atau 3.048 meter.

And you have to have someone arbitrate that.

Dan ada seorang yang menjadi hakimnya.

And indeed, that's exactly what happened.

Benar, itulah yang terjadi.

Lima atau 10 tahun dari sekarang,

And five or ten years from now,

when Amazon wants to deliver a package over your house to your neighbor

saat Amazon ingin mengirim paket ke rumah atau tetangga Anda

from that UPS truck,

dari truk UPS,

we're going to have to decide: Does you property end at five feet,

kita harus memutuskan apakah batas properti Anda 1,5 meter,

10 feet, 50 feet, 100 feet?

3 meter, 15,2 meter, atau 30,5 meter?

Where does it end?

Di mana batasnya?

And there is no ideology

Selain tu, tak ada ideologi

that will tell you where your property ends.

yang memberi tahu di mana batas properti Anda.

It's an operating system.

Ini adalah sistem operasi.

And similarly,

Serupa dengan itu,

we're going to see this with automobiles.

kita akan melihatnya dengan mobil.

A few years after the Wright brothers figured out flight,

Beberapa tahun setelah Wright bersaudara tahu caranya terbang,

human beings started using more and more cars.

manusia mulai menggunakan banyak mobil.

And all of a sudden,

Lalu tiba-tiba,

the regulatory system -- the operating system --

sistem pengatur, sistem operasinya,

had to be patched to all of a sudden address the safety of consumers.

harus diperbarui untuk mengakomodasi keselamatan konsumen.

That the consumers of vehicles were presenting danger to horses,

Konsumen alat transportasi memiliki risiko terhadap kuda,

other pedestrians, trolleys, what have you.

pejalan kaki lain, troli, apa pun itu.

And all of a sudden,

Tiba-tiba,

the drivers of these automobiles had to have driver's licenses, eye exams,

pengemudi mobil harus memiliki izin mengemudi, melakukan tes mata,

registered motor vehicles, speed limits,

kendaraan bermotor terdaftar, batas kecepatan,

rules of the road,

peraturan lalu lintas,

so that horses, pedestrians, could coexist with cars.

sehingga kuda dan pejalan kaki bisa berdampingan dengan mobil.

It had to be backwards compatible.

Dan sebaliknya.

So a new invention had to basically fit advances from the past.

Jadi, penemuan baru harus menyesuaikan dengan penemuan masa lalu.

Similarly, five or ten years from now,

Sama halnya 5 atau 10 tahun lagi,

we're going to see the same thing with self-driving cars --

kita akan mengalaminya dengan mobil swakendara,

berdampingan dengan mobil yang dikendarai manusia.

coexisting with human-driven cars.

The reason why this is important, is in 10 years,

Mengapa ini penting adalah dalam 10 tahun,

another thing is going to happen beyond drones and self-driving cars,

hal lain akan terjadi, melebihi drone dan mobil swakendara,

but you're going to see the most valuable economy in the world --

tetapi Anda akan menyaksikan ekonomi paling berharga di dunia,

the largest economy in the world --

ekonomi terbesar di dunia,

is going to be a country run by communists.

adalah sebuah negara yang dijalankan oleh komunis.

The Chinese seem to be very good at capitalism.

Cina sepertinya sangat ahli kapitalisme.

And this is going to have fundamental problems

Ini akan menimbulkan masalah yang fundamental

and present an identity crisis for the United States.

dan krisis identitas bagi Amerika Serikat.

Because for a long time,

Karena sejak dahulu kala

free markets coincided with liberties such as free speech, free press,

pasar bebas hadir bersama kebebasan, seperti kebebasan berpendapat, pers,

free religion.

dan agama.

And all of a sudden, this equation is going to be decoupled.

Lalu tiba-tiba, persamaan itu akan dipisahkan.

And when it gets decoupled,

Ketika dipisahkan,

we might find that democracy, the multitude of voices,

kita mungkin mendapati demokrasi, riuhnya suara-suara,

actually impedes capitalism

sebenarnya menghambat kapitalisme

because a state that does not have any pretense of limited government

karena negara yang tak memiliki peran pemerintahan yang terbatas

can very quickly mandate a regulatory framework for drones,

bisa memandatkan kerangka aturan bagi drone dengan sangat cepat,

for electric cars, for self-driving cars,

bagi mobil listrik, bagi mobil swakendara,

for any new innovation

bagi inovasi baru apa pun

where they feel that they can leapfrog Western societies.

kapan pun mereka merasa bisa melampaui masyarakat Barat.

And this is a very unique thing in the American experience.

Ini hal yang sangat unik yang dialami Amerika.

And this is why it's very important to think of American capitalism

Dan inilah alasan pentingnya memikirkan kapitalisme Amerika

as an operating system and not as an ideology.

sebagai sistem operasi, bukannya ideologi.

Because when you think about it as an ideology,

Karena ketika dipikirkan sebagai ideologi,

you can have good politics make for very, very bad policy.

Anda bisa mendapatkan politik yang baik membuat kebijakan sangat buruk.

That market outcomes and democratic voices

Hasil pasar, suara-suara demokratis,

and battles for votes

dan peperangan suara

can end up stifling progress.

dapat mencekik kemajuan.

Jadi, beberapa tahun ke depan,

So over the next few years,

saat daur politik ini terkuak,

as this political cycle plays out,

you're going to see American democracy

Anda akan melihat demokrasi Amerika

rise to meet the challenges that capitalism poses and modernity poses.

bangkit untuk menghadapi tantangan yang dimiliki kapitalisme dan modernitas.

And I ask policymakers to think about --

Saya meminta pada para pembuat kebijakan untuk mempertimbangkan

decoupling ideology from economics,

memisahkan ideologi dari ekonomi, dan

and think about how good policy can ultimately become good politics.

memikirkan bagaimana kebijakan yang baik menjadi politik yang baik.

Thank you.

Terima kasih.

(tepuk tangan)

(Applause)