Art That Lets You Talk Back to NSA Spies | Mathias Jud | TED Talks

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

A year ago, we were invited by the Swiss Embassy in Berlin

Pre godinu dana, švajcarska ambasada u Berlinu nas je pozvala

to present our art projects.

da predstavimo naš umetnički projekat.

We are used to invitations, but this invitation really thrilled us.

Navikli smo da nas pozivaju, ali ova pozivnica nas je oduševila.

The Swiss Embassy in Berlin is special.

Švajcarska ambasada u Berlinu je nešto posebno.

It is the only old building in the government district

To je jedina zgrada u Vladinom okrugu

that was not destroyed during the Second World War,

koja nije uništena tokom Drugog svetskog rata

and it sits right next to the Federal Chancellery.

i nalazi se tačno pored Federalne kancelarije.

No one is closer to Chancellor Merkel than the Swiss diplomats.

Niko nije bliži kancelarki Merkel od švajcarskih diplomata.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

The government district in Berlin also contains the Reichstag --

Vladin okrug u Berlinu se takođe sastoji od Rajhstaga -

Germany's parliament -- and the Brandenburg Gate,

nemačke skupštine - i Brandenburške kapije,

and right next to the gate there are other embassies,

a u blizini kapije imamo druge ambasade,

in particular the US and the British Embassy.

konkretno američku i britansku ambasadu.

Although Germany is an advanced democracy,

Iako je Nemačka napredna demokratija,

citizens are limited in their constitutional rights

građanima su ograničena ustavna prava

in its government district.

unutar Vladinog okruga.

The right of assembly and the right to demonstrate are restricted there.

Pravo na okupljanje i pravo na protestovanje su ovde ograničeni,

And this is interesting from an artistic point of view.

a to je zanimljivo sa umetničke tačke gledišta.

The opportunities to exercise participation and to express oneself

Mogućnosti da uzmete učešća i da se izrazite

are always bound to a certain order

su oduvek bile vezane za neki vid reda

and always subject to a specific regulation.

i oduvek su bile predmet naročite regulacije.

With an awareness of the dependencies of these regulations,

Razvojem svesti o našoj zavisnosti o ovim odredbama,

we can gain a new perspective.

možemo da dobijemo novu perspektivu.

The given terms and conditions shape our perception, our actions

Data pravila i uslovi oblikuju naša poimanja, naša delanja

and our lives.

i naše živote,

And this is crucial in another context.

a to je krucijalno u drugom kontekstu.

Over the last couple of years,

Proteklih nekoliko godina,

we learned that from the roofs of the US and the British Embassy,

saznali smo da su sa krovova američke i britanske ambasade

the secret services have been listening to the entire district,

tajne službe prisluškivale čitav okrug,

including the mobile phone of Angela Merkel.

uključujući i mobilni telefon Angele Merkel.

The antennas of the British GCHQ are hidden in a white cylindrical radome,

Antene britanskog GCHQ-a su skrivene u beloj cilindričnoj radarskoj kupoli,

while the listening post of the American NSA

dok je stanica za prisluškivanje američke NSA

is covered by radio transparent screens.

prekrivena zaslonima koji propuštaju radio talase.

But how to address these hidden and disguised forces?

Međutim, kako se obratiti ovim skrivenim i maskiranim silama?

With my colleague, Christoph Wachter,

Sa mojim kolegom, Kristofom Vahterom,

we accepted the invitation of the Swiss Embassy.

prihvatio sam pozivnicu švajcarske ambasade.

And we used this opportunity to exploit the specific situation.

Iskoristili smo ovu priliku da se okoristimo konkretnom situacijom.

If people are spying on us, it stands to reason

Ako nas neko špijunira, onda je razumno očekivati

that they have to listen to what we are saying.

da su prinuđeni da slušaju sve što govorimo.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

On the roof of the Swiss Embassy, we installed a series of antennas.

Na krovu švajcarske ambasade smo instalirali niz antena.

They weren't as sophisticated as those used by the Americans and the British.

Nisu bile prefinjene kao one koje koriste Amerikanci i Britanci.

(Smeh)

(Laughter)

They were makeshift can antennas,

To su improvizovane antene od limenki;

not camouflaged but totally obvious and visible.

uopšte nisu kamuflirane, već su potpuno očigledne i vidljive.

The Academy of Arts joined the project,

Umetnička akademija se priključila projektu,

and so we built another large antenna on their rooftop,

pa smo na njihovom krovu napravili još jednu veliku antenu,

exactly between the listening posts of the NSA and the GCHQ.

tačno između stanica za prisluškivanje NSA-a i GCHQ-a.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Never have we been observed in such detail while building an art installation.

Nikad pre nismo tako pomno posmatrani dok smo gradili umetničku instalaciju.

A helicopter circled over our heads

Helikopter nam je kružio iznad glava,

with a camera registering each and every move we made,

s kamerom koja je pratila baš svaki naš pokret,

and on the roof of the US Embassy, security officers patrolled.

a po krovu američke ambasade su patrolirali policajci.

Although the government district is governed by a strict police order,

Iako u Vladinom odseku vladaju striktna policijska naređenja,

there are no specific laws relating to digital communication.

ne postoje konkretni zakoni koji se tiču digitalne komunikacije.

Our installation was therefore perfectly legal,

Stoga je naša instalacija bila sasvim legalna

and the Swiss Ambassador informed Chancellor Merkel about it.

i ambasador Švajcarske je obavestio kancelarku Merkel o njoj.

We named the project "Can You Hear Me?"

Naslovili smo projekat: „Da li me čujete?“

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

The antennas created an open and free Wi-Fi communication network

Antene su obezbedile otvorenu i besplatnu bežičnu komunikacijsku mrežu

in which anyone who wanted to would be able to participate

u kojoj je svako ko je želeo mogao da učestvuje,

using any Wi-Fi-enabled device without any hindrance,

koristeći bilo koji vaj-faj uređaj, bez ikakvih smetnji

and be able to send messages

i mogao je da šalje poruke

to those listening on the frequencies that were being intercepted.

onima koji prisluškuju frekvencije koje se presreću.

Text messages, voice chat, file sharing --

SMS poruke, glasovne poruke, razmenu dokumenata -

anything could be sent anonymously.

sve ste mogli anonimno poslati.

And people did communicate.

I ljudi su komunicirali.

Over 15,000 messages were sent.

Preko 15.000 poruka je poslato.

Here are some examples.

Ovo su neki od primera.

"Hello world, hello Berlin, hello NSA, hello GCHQ."

„Zdravo svete, zdravo Berline, zdravo NSA, zdravo GCHQ.“

"NSA Agents, Do the Right Thing! Blow the whistle!"

„Agenti NSA, učinite pravu stvar! Zazviždite!“

"This is the NSA. In God we trust. All others we track!!!!!"

„Ovo je NSA. U boga verujemo. Sve ostale pratimo!!!!!“

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

"#@nonymous is watching #NSA #GCHQ - we are part of your organizations.

„#@nonymous posmatraju #NSA #GCHQ - mi smo deo vaše organizacije.

# expect us. We will #shutdown"

#očekujte nas. #oborićemo vas.“

"This is the NSA's Achilles heel. Open Networks."

„Ovo je Ahilova peta NSA. Otvorena mreža.“

"Agents, what twisted story of yourself will you tell your grandchildren?"

„Agenti kakve uvrnute priče o sebi ćete ispričati svojim unucima?“

"@NSA My neighbors are noisy. Please send a drone strike."

„@NSA, komšije su mi bučne. Molim vas, pošaljite napad dronovima.“

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

"Make Love, Not cyberwar."

„Vodite ljubav, ne sajber rat.“

We invited the embassies and the government departments

Pozvali smo ambasade i vladine odseke

to participate in the open network, too,

da i oni učestvuju u otvorenoj mreži,

and to our surprise, they did.

a na naše iznenađenje, prihvatili su.

Files appeared on the network, including classified documents

Na mreži su se pojavila dokumenta, uključujući i ona tajna

leaked from the parliamentary investigation commission,

koja su procurela iz komisije za parlamentarne istrage,

which highlights that the free exchange and discussion of vital information

čime je istaknuto da su slobodna razmena i diskusija vitalnih informacija

is starting to become difficult, even for members of a parliament.

postali komplikovani, čak i za članove parlamenta.

We also organized guided tours to experience and sound out

Takođe smo organizovali ture s vodičem kako bi iskusili i doživeli

the power constellations on-site.

zvučna postrojenja na licu mesta.

The tours visited the restricted zones around the embassies,

Ture su posećivale zabranjene zone oko ambasada

and we discussed the potential and the highlights of communication.

i raspravljali smo o potencijalu i bitnosti komunikacije.

If we become aware of the constellation,

Ako postanemo svesni ustrojstva,

the terms and conditions of communication,

pravila i uslova komunikacije,

it not only broadens our horizon,

to će nam ne samo proširiti vidike,

it allows us to look behind the regulations that limit our worldview,

već će nam omogućiti

da zavirimo iza odredbi koje nam sužavaju pogled na svet,

our specific social, political or aesthetic conventions.

naše konkretne društvene, političke ili estetske odredbe.

Let's look at an actual example.

Pogledajmo stvarni primer.

The fate of people living in the makeshift settlements

Sudbina ljudi koji žive u improvizovanim naseljima

on the outskirts of Paris

na periferijama Pariza

is hidden and faded from view.

je skrivena i zaklonjena od pogleda.

It's a vicious circle.

To je začarani krug.

It's not poverty, not racism, not exclusion that are new.

Nije tu novina siromaštvo, rasizam, izopštenost.

What is new is how these realities are hidden

Novina je kako su ove stvarnosti skrivene

and how people are made invisible

i kako su ljudi postali nevidljivi

in an age of global and overwhelming communication and exchange.

u dobu globalne i masovne komunikacije i razmene.

Such makeshift settlements are considered illegal,

Takva improvizovana naselja se smatraju nelegalnim

and therefore those living in them don't have a chance

i stoga, oni koji žive u njima nemaju nikakve šanse

of making their voices heard.

da se njihovi glasovi čuju.

On the contrary, every time they appear, every time they risk becoming visible,

Naprotiv, svaki put kada se pojave, svaki put kada rizikuju da budu vidljivi,

merely gives grounds for further persecution,

to samo daje osnov za dalja krivična gonjenja,

expulsion and suppression.

proterivanja i zabrane.

What interested us was how we could come to know this hidden side.

Interesovalo nas je kako možemo da upoznamo ovu skrivenu stranu.

We were searching for an interface and we found one.

Tragali smo za interfejsom i pronašli smo ga.

It's not a digital interface, but a physical one: it's a hotel.

Nije u pitanju digitalni interfejs, već fizički; radi se o hotelu.

We named the project "Hotel Gelem."

Nazvali smo projekat „Hotel Đelem“.

Together with Roma families, we created several Hotel Gelems in Europe,

Zajedno sa romskim porodicama,

sagradili smo nekoliko hotela „Đelem“ u Evropi,

for example, in Freiburg in Germany, in Montreuil near Paris,

na primer, u Frajburgu u Nemačkoj, u Montreju u blizini Pariza,

and also in the Balkans.

kao i na Balkanu.

These are real hotels.

Ovo su pravi hoteli.

People can stay there.

Ljudi mogu da odsednu ovde.

But they aren't a commercial enterprise.

Međutim, to nisu komercijalna preduzeća.

They are a symbol.

Oni su simbol.

You can go online and ask for a personal invitation

Možete preko interneta da zatražite ličnu pozivnicu

to come and live for a few days in the Hotel Gelem, in their homes,

da dođete i živite nekoliko dana u hotelu „Đelem“, u njihovim domovima,

eating, working and living with the Roma families.

da se hranite, radite i živite sa romskim porodicama.

Here, the Roma families are not the travelers;

Ovde, romske porodice nisu putnici;

the visitors are.

posetioci su putnici.

Here, the Roma families are not a minority;

Ovde, romske porodice nisu manjina;

the visitors are.

posetioci su manjina.

The point is not to make judgments,

Poenta je da ne osuđujete,

but rather to find out about the context that determines

već pre da otkrijete kontekst

koji određuje ove različitosti i naoko nepremostive protivrečnosti.

these disparate and seemingly insurmountable contradictions.

In the world of globalization,

U svetu globalizacije,

the continents are drifting closer to each other.

kontinenti postaju sve bliži jedni drugima.

Cultures, goods and people are in permanent exchange,

Kulture, dobra i ljudi su u stanju stalne razmene,

but at the same time, the gap between the world of the privileged

ali istovremeno jaz između sveta privilegovanih

and the world of the excluded is growing.

i sveta izopštenih sve više raste.

We were recently in Australia.

Nedavno smo bili u Australiji.

For us, it was no problem to enter the country.

Nama nije bio problem da uđemo u Australiju.

We have European passports, visas and air tickets.

Imamo evropske pasoše, vize i avionske karte.

But asylum seekers who arrive by boat in Australia

Međutim, azilante, koji brodovima stižu u Australiju,

are deported or taken to prison.

deportuju ili odvode u zatvor.

The interception of the boats

Presretanje brodova

and the disappearance of the people into the detention system

i nestanak ljudi u pritvorima

are veiled by the Australian authorities.

australijske vlasti skrivaju od javnosti.

These procedures are declared to be secret military operations.

Ove procedure su proglašene tajnim vojnim operacijama.

After dramatic escapes from crisis zones and war zones,

Nakon dramatičnog bega iz kriznih zona i ratnih zona,

men, women and children are detained by Australia without trial,

muškarci, žene i deca su pritvoreni u Australiji bez suđenja,

sometimes for years.

ponekad godinama.

During our stay, however,

Tokom našeg boravka, pak,

we managed to reach out and work with asylum seekers who were imprisoned,

uspeli smo da dopremo i da radimo sa azilantima koji su u zatvoru,

despite strict screening and isolation.

uprkos strogim proverama i izolaciji.

From these contexts was born an installation in the art space

U ovom kontekstu je nastala instalacija u umetničkom prostoru

of the Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane.

Univerziteta za tehnologiju Kvinsland u Brisbejnu.

On the face of it, it was a very simple installation.

Na prvi pogled to je bila veoma jednostavana instalacija.

On the floor, a stylized compass gave the direction

Stilizovani kompas na podu je pokazivao pravac

to each immigration detention center,

ka svakom zatvorskom imigracionom centru,

accompanied by the distance and the name of the immigration facility.

uz informacije o udaljenosti i nazivu imigracionog postrojenja.

But the exhibition step came in the form of connectivity.

Međutim, iskorak ove izložbe je bio u vidu povezivanja.

Above every floor marking, there was a headset.

Iznad svake oznake na podu stajale su slušalice.

Visitors were offered the opportunity to talk directly to a refugee

Posetiocima je pružena prilika da razgovaraju direktno sa izbeglicom

who was or had been imprisoned

koji je bio ili jeste u zatvoru

in a specific detention facility

u određenom zatvorskom utvrđenju

and engage in a personal conversation.

i da se upuste u privatni razgovor.

In the protected context of the art exhibition,

U bezbednom kontekstu umetničke izožbe,

asylum seekers felt free to talk about themselves,

azilanti su bili slobodni da govore o sebi,

their story and their situation, without fear of consequences.

o svojoj priči i svojoj situaciji, bez straha od posledica.

Visitors immersed themselves in long conversations

Posetioci su se upustili u duge razgovore

about families torn apart, about dramatic escapes from war zones,

o razbijenim porodicama, o dramatičnim bekstvima iz ratnih zona,

about suicide attempts,

o pokušajima samoubistva,

about the fate of children in detention.

o sudbini dece u pritvorima.

Emotions ran deep. Many wept.

Emocije su bile jake. Mnogi su plakali.

Several revisited the exhibition.

Nekolicina je dolazila više puta.

It was a powerful experience.

Bilo je to snažno iskustvo.

Europe is now facing a stream of migrants.

Evropa se trenutno suočava sa strujom migranata.

The situation for the asylum seekers is made worse by contradictory policies

Situacija za azilante je pogoršana protivrečnim zakonima

and the temptation of militarized responses.

i pretnjom od vojnog odgovora.

We have also established communication systems

Takođe smo uspostavili komunikacione sisteme

in remote refugee centers in Switzerland and Greece.

u udaljenim centrima za izbeglice u Švajcarskoj i Grčkoj.

They are all about providing basic information -- weather forecasts,

Njihova svrha je pružanje osnovnih informacija -

legal information, guidance.

o vremenskoj prognozi, zakonskim informacijama, smernicama.

But they are significant.

Ali izuzetno su važni.

Information on the Internet

Informacije na internetu

that could ensure survival along dangerous routes

koje bi mogle da obezbede opstanak duž opasnih trasa

is being censored,

su cenzurisane

and the provision of such information is becoming increasingly criminalized.

i pružanje sličnih informacija je sve više kriminalizovano.

This brings us back to our network and to the antennas

Ovo nas vraća na našu mrežu i antene

on the roof of the Swiss Embassy in Berlin

na krovu švajcarske ambasade u Berlinu

and the "Can You Hear Me?" project.

i projektu „Da li me čujete?“

We should not take it for granted to be boundlessly connected.

Ne bi trebalo da uzimamo olako našu bezgraničnu povezanost.

We should start making our own connections,

Trebalo bi da počnemo da pravimo naše veze,

fighting for this idea of an equal and globally interconnected world.

boreći se za ideju o jednakom i globalno umreženom svetu.

This is essential to overcome our speechlessness

Ovo je ključno za prevazilaženje naše zanemelosti

and the separation provoked by rival political forces.

i podeljenosti koju stvaraju suprotstavljene političke snage.

It is only in truly exposing ourselves

Samo kroz istinsko izlaganje nas samih

to the transformative power of this experience

transformativnoj moći ovog iskustva

that we can overcome prejudice and exclusion.

možemo prevazići predrasude i izopštenost.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Bruno Giussani: Thank you, Mathias.

Bruno Đuzani: Hvala ti, Matijase.

The other half of your artistic duo is also here.

Druga polovina tvog umetničkog dua je takođe ovde.

Christoph Wachter, come onstage.

Kristofe Vahteru, dođi na scenu.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

First, tell me just a detail:

Prvo, samo jedan detalj:

the name of the hotel is not a random name.

ime hotela nije nasumično izabrano.

Gelem means something specific in the Roma language.

„Đelem“ ima specifično značenje u jeziku Roma.

Mathias Jud: Yes, "Gelem, Gelem" is the title of the Romani hymn,

Matijas Jud: Da, „Đelem, đelem“ je naslov zvanične himne Roma,

the official, and it means "I went a long way."

i znači „Išao sam dugim putem“.

BG: That's just to add the detail to your talk.

BĐ: To je samo dodatni detalj tvom govoru,

But you two traveled to the island of Lesbos

ali vas dvojica ste nedavno putovali na ostrvo Lezbos,

very recently, you're just back a couple of days ago,

upravo ste se vratili pre nekoliko dana iz Grčke

in Greece, where thousands of refugees are arriving

u koju stiže na hiljade izbeglica

and have been arriving over the last few months.

i stizalo je tokom poslednjih nekoliko meseci.

What did you see there and what did you do there?

Šta ste videli tamo i šta ste radili tamo?

Christoph Wachter: Well, Lesbos is one of the Greek islands close to Turkey,

Kristof Vahter: Pa, ostrvo Lezbos je jedno od grčkih ostrva blizu Turske

and during our stay,

i tokom našeg boravka,

many asylum seekers arrived by boat on overcrowded dinghies,

mnogi azilanti su stigli brodovima, na natrpanim čamcima

and after landing, they were left completely on their own.

i nakon iskrcavanja u potpunosti su prepušteni sebi samima.

They are denied many services.

Uskraćene su im mnoge usluge.

For example, they are not allowed to buy a bus ticket

Na primer, nije im dozvoljeno da kupuju autobuske karte

or to rent a hotel room,

ili da iznajme hotelsku sobu,

so many families literally sleep in the streets.

pa mnoge porodice bukvalno spavaju na ulicama.

And we installed networks there to allow basic communication,

Mi smo tamo instalirali mrežu kako bismo obezbedili osnovnu komunikaciju

because I think, I believe,

jer mislim, verujem,

it's not only that we have to speak about the refugees,

ne samo da moramo da govorimo o izbeglicama,

I think we need to start talking to them.

već mislim da moramo da počnemo da razgovaramo s njima,

And by doing so, we can realize that it is about human beings,

a na taj način ćemo shvatiti da se radi o ljudskim bićima,

about their lives and their struggle to survive.

o njihovim životima i njihovoj borbi za opstanak.

BG: And allow them to talk as well.

BĐ: I da dozvolimo i njima da govore.

Christoph, thank you for coming to TED.

Kristofe, hvala što si došao na TED.

Mathias, thank you for coming to TED and sharing your story.

Matijase, hvala što si došao na TED i podelio svoju priču.

(Aplauz)

(Applause)