Art That Lets You Talk Back to NSA Spies | Mathias Jud | TED Talks

譯者: lin quan 審譯者: 易帆 余

A year ago, we were invited by the Swiss Embassy in Berlin

一年前， 我們應瑞士大使館的邀請，

to present our art projects.

在柏林展示我們的藝術作品。

We are used to invitations, but this invitation really thrilled us.

我們習慣了受邀， 但這次邀請卻真正讓我們激動不已。

The Swiss Embassy in Berlin is special.

柏林的瑞士大使館非常特別。

It is the only old building in the government district

它是政府區內唯一一座

that was not destroyed during the Second World War,

沒有毀於二戰的古老建築，

and it sits right next to the Federal Chancellery.

它就坐落在聯邦總理大樓的右邊。

No one is closer to Chancellor Merkel than the Swiss diplomats.

沒有人比瑞士的外交官們 更貼近默克爾總理。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

The government district in Berlin also contains the Reichstag --

柏林的政府區同樣包含了

Germany's parliament -- and the Brandenburg Gate,

德國議會大廈（Reichstag） 和布蘭登堡門，

and right next to the gate there are other embassies,

而緊鄰布蘭登堡門右側的 是其他國家的大使館，

in particular the US and the British Embassy.

主要是美國和英國大使館。

Although Germany is an advanced democracy,

即便德國是一個民主發達國家，

citizens are limited in their constitutional rights

但公民在政府區內

in its government district.

的憲法權益卻倍受約束。

The right of assembly and the right to demonstrate are restricted there.

集會權和遊行權 在這一區域是受限制的。

And this is interesting from an artistic point of view.

以一個藝術家的角度來看 這十分耐人尋味。

The opportunities to exercise participation and to express oneself

集會活動及表達自己的機會

are always bound to a certain order

常受限於某項命令

and always subject to a specific regulation.

且常受限於某些規定。

With an awareness of the dependencies of these regulations,

意識到對於這些規定的依賴性，

we can gain a new perspective.

我們能獲得一個新的觀點。

The given terms and conditions shape our perception, our actions

這些給定的條款與限制 塑造了我們的看法、行為

and our lives.

以及我們的生活。

And this is crucial in another context.

而這在另一個背景裡是關鍵的。

Over the last couple of years,

過去的幾年裡，

we learned that from the roofs of the US and the British Embassy,

我們了解到從美國和 英國大使館的屋頂上，

the secret services have been listening to the entire district,

特務機關已經竊聽了整個區域，

including the mobile phone of Angela Merkel.

包括安格拉．默克爾的手機。

The antennas of the British GCHQ are hidden in a white cylindrical radome,

英國政府通信總局的天線 藏在一個白色的圓柱形天線罩下，

while the listening post of the American NSA

而美國國安局的竊聽站

is covered by radio transparent screens.

被無線電透明屏幕遮蓋。

But how to address these hidden and disguised forces?

但要如何解決這些 隱藏且偽裝的武力呢？

With my colleague, Christoph Wachter,

我和我的同事 Christoph Wachter，

we accepted the invitation of the Swiss Embassy.

接受了瑞士大使館的邀約。

And we used this opportunity to exploit the specific situation.

我們利用這次機會 來探索這個特殊情況。

If people are spying on us, it stands to reason

如果有人要監聽我們，那是因為，

that they have to listen to what we are saying.

他們有不得不聽的理由。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

On the roof of the Swiss Embassy, we installed a series of antennas.

在瑞士大使館的屋頂， 我們安裝了一系列的天線。

They weren't as sophisticated as those used by the Americans and the British.

它們沒有美國和英國 用的那樣精密。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

They were makeshift can antennas,

這些臨時的天線湊合還能用，

not camouflaged but totally obvious and visible.

沒有偽裝和遮蓋， 就完全是明顯可見的。

The Academy of Arts joined the project,

藝術學院參與了這個項目，

and so we built another large antenna on their rooftop,

因此我們在學院屋頂上 架設了另一個大型天線，

exactly between the listening posts of the NSA and the GCHQ.

恰好就在美國國安局和 英國通信總局的監聽站中間。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Never have we been observed in such detail while building an art installation.

我們從來沒有在創作一個藝術作品時 被觀察地那麼仔細。

A helicopter circled over our heads

一架直升機在我們的頭頂盤旋，

with a camera registering each and every move we made,

並用攝影機記錄下我們的一舉一動，

and on the roof of the US Embassy, security officers patrolled.

在美國大使館的屋頂上有 保全人員在巡邏。

Although the government district is governed by a strict police order,

雖然政府區域有嚴苛的治安條令，

there are no specific laws relating to digital communication.

但卻沒有明確的條令限制 數位通訊，

Our installation was therefore perfectly legal,

因此我們的安裝是完全合法的，

and the Swiss Ambassador informed Chancellor Merkel about it.

而且瑞士大使也向總理 默克爾知會了此事。

We named the project "Can You Hear Me?"

我們把這個項目定名為 “ 你能聽見我說話嗎？ ”

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

The antennas created an open and free Wi-Fi communication network

我們的天線創造了一個公開 免費的無線通訊網絡，

in which anyone who wanted to would be able to participate

任何想要連接上去的人，

using any Wi-Fi-enabled device without any hindrance,

都可以用具有WIFI功能的設備 進行無障礙連接，

and be able to send messages

連接後就可以向

to those listening on the frequencies that were being intercepted.

正在監聽截獲頻率的人傳簡訊。

Text messages, voice chat, file sharing --

文字信息、語音聊天、文件共享---

anything could be sent anonymously.

任何東西都可以匿名傳送。

And people did communicate.

人們以此來傳達溝通，

Over 15,000 messages were sent.

傳送了超過1萬5千封簡訊。

Here are some examples.

這裡舉幾個例子。

"Hello world, hello Berlin, hello NSA, hello GCHQ."

“你好世界，你好柏林 你好美國國安局，你好英國通訊總局。”

"NSA Agents, Do the Right Thing! Blow the whistle!"

“美國國安局的特工們， 做該做的事！去告密吧！”

"This is the NSA. In God we trust. All others we track!!!!!"

“這裡是美國國安局，我們只相信上帝。 其他的我們都跟踪！！！！！！”

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

"#@nonymous is watching #NSA #GCHQ - we are part of your organizations.

“#@匿名者正在看著#美國國安局 #英國通訊總局—我們跟你是同夥的。

# expect us. We will #shutdown"

#期待我們。我們會#死當”

"This is the NSA's Achilles heel. Open Networks."

“這裡是美國國安局阿基里斯的腳踝 （致命傷），開放網路。”

"Agents, what twisted story of yourself will you tell your grandchildren?"

“特工們，你將來會給你的兒孫 講哪些自己的變態故事呢？”

"@NSA My neighbors are noisy. Please send a drone strike."

“@美國國安局，我的鄰居太吵了。 請派一架無人機解決他們。”

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

"Make Love, Not cyberwar."

“要愛但不要網路戰爭。”

We invited the embassies and the government departments

我們也邀請了大使館和政府部門

to participate in the open network, too,

參與到這個開放的網路中，

and to our surprise, they did.

而另我們驚訝的是， 他們真的加入了。

Files appeared on the network, including classified documents

文件出現在網絡上，

包括從議會調查委員會 洩露出來的機密文件，

leaked from the parliamentary investigation commission,

which highlights that the free exchange and discussion of vital information

這也點出了自由地交換 和討論重要資訊

is starting to become difficult, even for members of a parliament.

開始變得困難， 即使是議會的成員。

We also organized guided tours to experience and sound out

我們還組織了有解說的 遊覽行程來體驗和探索

現場的一系列的人事物。

the power constellations on-site.

The tours visited the restricted zones around the embassies,

參觀團拜訪了大使館 周圍的限制區，

and we discussed the potential and the highlights of communication.

我們討論了溝通的潛力和重要性。

If we become aware of the constellation,

如果我們開始了解 這些相關的人事物、

the terms and conditions of communication,

溝通的術語與環境條件，

it not only broadens our horizon,

它不僅開闊了我們的眼界，

it allows us to look behind the regulations that limit our worldview,

還能幫助我們回顧哪些規定 限制了我們的世界觀、

our specific social, political or aesthetic conventions.

我們的特定社群、政治或審美觀習俗。

Let's look at an actual example.

讓我們看一個真實的例子。

The fate of people living in the makeshift settlements

那些住在巴黎郊區 臨時住區人們的命運，

on the outskirts of Paris

正被隱藏

is hidden and faded from view.

並從我們的視線逐漸消逝。

It's a vicious circle.

這是個惡性循環。

It's not poverty, not racism, not exclusion that are new.

這無關貧困、無關種族主義， 也不是排外這類的新鮮事，

What is new is how these realities are hidden

新鮮事是 這些事實是如何被隱藏的，

and how people are made invisible

那些人又是如何

in an age of global and overwhelming communication and exchange.

在這樣一個全球化訊息流通的世代 被變不見的。

Such makeshift settlements are considered illegal,

這樣的臨時住區 被認為是非法的，

and therefore those living in them don't have a chance

因此那些居住在裡面的人們沒有機會

of making their voices heard.

向世界發聲。

On the contrary, every time they appear, every time they risk becoming visible,

矛盾的是，每一次他們的出現、 冒險逃離就變得看的很清楚，

merely gives grounds for further persecution,

而這帶來的僅是更深重的迫害、

expulsion and suppression.

驅逐和鎮壓。

What interested us was how we could come to know this hidden side.

我們感興趣的是我們如何 能知道這隱藏的一面。

We were searching for an interface and we found one.

我們當時在尋找一個對話窗口， 而且我們找到了一個。

It's not a digital interface, but a physical one: it's a hotel.

它不是數位對話方式， 而是一個實體；是一家旅館。

We named the project "Hotel Gelem."

我們將這個計劃命名為 “Gelem旅館”

Together with Roma families, we created several Hotel Gelems in Europe,

我們與羅姆之家一起 在歐洲建立了幾處Gelem旅館，

for example, in Freiburg in Germany, in Montreuil near Paris,

例如，德國的弗赖堡、 巴黎附近的蒙翠爾，

and also in the Balkans.

還有巴爾幹半島。

These are real hotels.

它們是真正的旅館。

People can stay there.

人們可以在此居住。

But they aren't a commercial enterprise.

但它們不是一個商業性的企業。

They are a symbol.

它們是一個象徵。

You can go online and ask for a personal invitation

你可以在線上申請 Gelem旅館的個人招待，

to come and live for a few days in the Hotel Gelem, in their homes,

在Gelem旅館 他們的家園裡居住幾日，

eating, working and living with the Roma families.

與羅姆之家的人們一起 吃飯、工作、生活。

Here, the Roma families are not the travelers;

在這兒，羅姆之家並非旅行者；

the visitors are.

訪客們才是。

Here, the Roma families are not a minority;

在這兒，羅姆之家並非少數族群；

the visitors are.

訪客們才是。

The point is not to make judgments,

重點並不在於做出評判，

but rather to find out about the context that determines

反而是去探索那些

these disparate and seemingly insurmountable contradictions.

造成這些迥異和看似不可逾越 的矛盾的來龍去脈。

In the world of globalization,

在這個全球化的世界，

the continents are drifting closer to each other.

各大洲的距離正慢慢拉近。

Cultures, goods and people are in permanent exchange,

文化、貨物和人們 在持續交流，

but at the same time, the gap between the world of the privileged

但是與此同時，

世界特權與排外所造成 的隔閡正不斷地增長。

and the world of the excluded is growing.

We were recently in Australia.

我們最近去了澳洲。

For us, it was no problem to enter the country.

對我們而言，進入 這個國家毫無阻礙。

We have European passports, visas and air tickets.

我們有歐洲護照，簽證和機票。

But asylum seekers who arrive by boat in Australia

但是那些乘船到澳洲 尋求避難的人

are deported or taken to prison.

不是被驅逐就是被羈押。

The interception of the boats

那些被攔截的船隻

and the disappearance of the people into the detention system

以及在拘留系統裡消失的人們

are veiled by the Australian authorities.

都被澳洲當局所掩蓋。

These procedures are declared to be secret military operations.

這些行動對外宣稱是 秘密的軍事行動。

After dramatic escapes from crisis zones and war zones,

當他們戲劇性地從 危險地帶和戰爭地帶逃出來時，

men, women and children are detained by Australia without trial,

這些男人、婦女和小孩卻 受到了澳洲政府不加審訊地羈押，

sometimes for years.

有時一羈押就是好幾年。

During our stay, however,

然而，我們待在澳洲的那段期間，

we managed to reach out and work with asylum seekers who were imprisoned,

儘管有嚴格的審查和隔離，

我們仍設法向那些被 羈押的尋求避難者伸出援手，

despite strict screening and isolation.

From these contexts was born an installation in the art space

在這樣的背景下， 一件裝置藝術

of the Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane.

誕生在昆士蘭大學 布利斯班科技學院的藝術空間中。

On the face of it, it was a very simple installation.

表面上看，它是個非常簡單的裝置。

On the floor, a stylized compass gave the direction

底部有一個特製的指南針，

to each immigration detention center,

指向每一個移民拘留中心，

accompanied by the distance and the name of the immigration facility.

同時顯示出距離和移民署的名字。

But the exhibition step came in the form of connectivity.

但是這次藝展的流程是以 是以溝通的形式來呈現，

Above every floor marking, there was a headset.

在每個樓層標示上面有一副耳機。

Visitors were offered the opportunity to talk directly to a refugee

參訪者有機會直接與

剛被羈押或被羈押在拘留所

who was or had been imprisoned

in a specific detention facility

一段時間的難民們

and engage in a personal conversation.

展開一段私人的對話。

In the protected context of the art exhibition,

在受到此次藝展的保護下，

asylum seekers felt free to talk about themselves,

尋求庇護的難民 可以自由地談論自己、

their story and their situation, without fear of consequences.

不必擔心後果講述 他們的故事和境遇。

Visitors immersed themselves in long conversations

參訪者感同身受沉浸在 那些漫長的交談中，

about families torn apart, about dramatic escapes from war zones,

談論關於難民的家破人亡、 戰區大逃亡、

about suicide attempts,

嘗試自殺、

about the fate of children in detention.

拘留所孩子們的命運。

Emotions ran deep. Many wept.

感人至深，許多人流下眼淚。

Several revisited the exhibition.

不少人甚至來了好幾次。

It was a powerful experience.

這是個非常有影響力的體驗。

Europe is now facing a stream of migrants.

歐洲正面臨著一大批移民。

這些尋求庇護者的情況， 因為敵對的政策

The situation for the asylum seekers is made worse by contradictory policies

和武力回應的煽動 而變得更糟。

and the temptation of militarized responses.

We have also established communication systems

我們同樣在遙遠的瑞士 和希臘的難民中心

in remote refugee centers in Switzerland and Greece.

架設了通訊系統。

They are all about providing basic information -- weather forecasts,

它們旨在提供一些 基礎信息——天氣預報、

legal information, guidance.

法律信息、指導。

But they are significant.

但它們至關重要。

Information on the Internet

網路上那些能確保

that could ensure survival along dangerous routes

在危險路途上生存的資訊

is being censored,

已經受到了審查，

and the provision of such information is becoming increasingly criminalized.

而且提供這種信息的行為 開始被視作為犯罪。

This brings us back to our network and to the antennas

這帶我們回到那個

on the roof of the Swiss Embassy in Berlin

安裝在瑞士柏林 大使館上的網路天線

and the "Can You Hear Me?" project.

和 “你能聽見我說話嗎？”的 那個項目。

We should not take it for granted to be boundlessly connected.

我們不應該將無國界連接 視為理所當然。

We should start making our own connections,

我們應該開始建立我們自己的連結，

fighting for this idea of an equal and globally interconnected world.

為一個平等的、全球互相扶持的 理想世界而奮鬥。

This is essential to overcome our speechlessness

這對克服我們的沉默

and the separation provoked by rival political forces.

以及由敵對政治勢力引發的分化 來說至關重要。

It is only in truly exposing ourselves

只有將我們自己真正地暴露於

to the transformative power of this experience

這種改革力量的經歷，

that we can overcome prejudice and exclusion.

我們才能克服偏見與排外。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Bruno Giussani: Thank you, Mathias.

Bruno Giussani: 謝謝你，Mathis。

The other half of your artistic duo is also here.

你的另一位藝術拍檔也來到了現場。

Christoph Wachter, come onstage.

Christoph Wachter請到台上來。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

First, tell me just a detail:

首先，告訴我一點細節：

the name of the hotel is not a random name.

那個旅館的名字並非隨機得來的。

Gelem means something specific in the Roma language.

Gelem 在羅馬語中有特殊意義。

Mathias Jud: Yes, "Gelem, Gelem" is the title of the Romani hymn,

Mathias Jud: 是的，「Gelem，Gelem」 是羅姆讚聖歌的名稱，

the official, and it means "I went a long way."

它的意思是 “我走了一段漫長的旅途。”

BG: That's just to add the detail to your talk.

BG：這只是補充你剛才演講的細節。

But you two traveled to the island of Lesbos

但你們倆最近好像去了萊斯博斯島

very recently, you're just back a couple of days ago,

幾天前才回來，

in Greece, where thousands of refugees are arriving

在希臘，過去幾個月，

and have been arriving over the last few months.

有成千上萬的難民陸續抵達，

What did you see there and what did you do there?

你們在那裡看到了什麼？ 又做了什麼呢？

Christoph Wachter: Well, Lesbos is one of the Greek islands close to Turkey,

CW：是的，萊斯博斯 是希臘離土耳其很近的一個島嶼，

and during our stay,

我們在這那停留的期間，

many asylum seekers arrived by boat on overcrowded dinghies,

許多尋求庇護的難民 乘坐擁擠的小艇到來，

and after landing, they were left completely on their own.

抵達后，他們必須獨自離開。

They are denied many services.

他們被各種服務機構拒之門外。

For example, they are not allowed to buy a bus ticket

例如，他們不允許購買公車票

or to rent a hotel room,

或者不允許在旅店住宿。

so many families literally sleep in the streets.

無數家庭露宿街頭。

And we installed networks there to allow basic communication,

然後我們在那安裝了網絡 讓他們進行最基本的通信，

because I think, I believe,

因為我認為，我堅信，

it's not only that we have to speak about the refugees,

我們不僅僅需要談論難民，

I think we need to start talking to them.

我認為我們需要開始與他們對話。

And by doing so, we can realize that it is about human beings,

透過對話，我們才會了解到 這些事情與人類、

about their lives and their struggle to survive.

他們的生命、他們為生存 所做的奮鬥有關。

BG: And allow them to talk as well.

BG：並且要讓他們發聲。

Christoph, thank you for coming to TED.

Christoph，謝謝你來到TED。

Mathias, thank you for coming to TED and sharing your story.

Mathias，謝謝你來到TED 並且分享你們自己的故事。

(Applause)

（掌聲）