Let’s Make the World Wild Again | Kristine McDivitt Tompkins | TED

Transcriber: Ivana Korom Reviewer: Krystian Aparta

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuca Lektor: Ivana Korom

My siblings and I grew up on our great-grandfather's farm

Moje sestra, brat i ja odrasli smo na farmi našeg pradede

in California.

u Kaliforniji.

It was a landscape of our family and our home.

Bio je to pejzaž naše porodice i naš dom.

When it was clear that nobody in our generation

Kad je postalo jasno da niko iz naše generacije

wanted to take on the heavy burden of ranching,

ne želi da preuzme na sebe teško breme držanja ranča,

the ranch was sold to a neighbor.

on je bio prodat komšiji.

The anchor of our lives was cut,

Sidro našeg života je presečeno,

and we felt adrift in the absence of that land.

i osetili smo se kao prepušteni strujama u nedostatku te zemlje.

For the first time, I came to understand

Prvi put sam shvatila

that something valuable can be best understood

da se nešto vredno najbolje može razumeti

not by its presence,

ne u njegovom prisustvu,

but by its absence.

već u odsustvu.

It was impossible to know then

Tada je bilo nemoguće znati

just how powerful the absence of those things we love

tačno koliko će snažno odsustvo tih stvari koje volimo

would have an impact far into my future.

imati veliki uticaj daleko u mojoj budućnosti.

For 23 years, my working life was with Yvon Chouinard.

Svoj poslovni život sam 23 godine provela sa Ivonom Šunarom.

I started when he was designing and manufacturing

Počela sam u trenutku kada je projektovao i proizvodio

technical rock and ice climbing equipment

tehničku opremu za penjanje po stenama i ledu

in a tin shed near the railroad tracks in Ventura.

u limenoj šupi blizu pruge u Venturi.

And when Yvon decided to start making clothes for climbers

A kada je Ivon odlučio da počne da pravi odeću za planinare

and call this business Patagonia,

i nazove tu firmu Patagonija,

I became one of the first six employees,

postala sam jedan od prvih šest zaposlenih,

later becoming CEO

a kasnije sam postala i direktor

and helping build a company

i pomogla u izgradnji kompanije

where creating the best products and doing good by the world

u kojoj stvaranje najboljih proizvoda i činjenje dobrih stvari za svet

was more than just a tagline.

nisu bili samo slogani.

Doug Tompkins, who would become my husband years later,

Dag Tompkins, koji će nekoliko godina kasnije postati moj muž,

was an old friend and climbing companion of Yvon's

bio je Ivonov stari prijatelj koji mu je pravio društvo na planinarenju,

and also an entrepreneur.

a bio je i preduzetnik.

He cofounded The North Face and Esprit company.

Bio je suosnivač kompanija The North Face i Esprit.

All three of these businesses

Sve tri firme

were created by people who had grown up through the '60s,

stvorili su ljudi koji su odrastali '60-ih,

shaped by the civil rights, antiwar, feminist and peace movements.

koje su oblikovali građanski, antiratni, feministički i mirovni pokreti.

And those values were picked up in those years

Sve te vrednosti su usvojene tih godina

and carried throughout the values of these companies.

i prenete su na vrednosti ovih kompanija.

By the end of the 1980s,

Do kraja 1980-ih,

Doug decided to leave business altogether

Dag je odlučio da sasvim napusti posao

and commit the last third of his life to what he called

i da posveti poslednju trećinu života onome što je nazivao

"paying his rent for living on the planet."

„plaćanjem kirije za život na planeti.”

At nearly the same time, when I hit 40,

Približno u isto vreme, kada sam napunila 40 godina,

I was ready to do something completely new with my life.

bila sam spremna da uradim nešto potpuno novo u životu.

The day after retiring from the Patagonia company,

Istog dana kada sam se povukla iz kompanije Patagonije,

I flew 6,000 miles to Patagonia the place

preletela sam 9600 km do oblasti Patagonije

and joined Doug as he started what was the first conservation project

i pridružila se Dagu dok je počinjao prvi projekat očuvanja životne sredine

of that third of his life.

u toj trećini života.

There we were, refugees from the corporate world,

I tako smo mi, izbeglice iz korporativnog sveta,

holed up in a cabin on the coast in southern Chile,

bili skriveni u kabini na obali južnog Čilea,

surrounded by primaeval rainforest

okruženi prastarom kišnom šumom

where alerce trees can live for thousands of years.

u kojoj drveće ficroje može da živi hiljadama godina.

We were in the middle of a great wilderness

Bili smo usred velike divljine

that forms one of the only two gaps in the Pan-American highway,

koja čini jedan od jedina dva prekida Panameričkog auto-puta,

between Fairbanks, Alaska, and Cape Horn.

između Ferbanksa u Aljasci i rta Horn.

A radical change to our daily lives

Drastičnu promenu naše svakodnevice

spurred on as we had begun to recognize

podstaklo je naše uviđanje

how beauty and diversity were being destroyed

da se lepota i raznolikost uništavaju

pretty much everywhere.

gotovo na sve strane.

The last wild protected places on earth

Poslednja zaštićena divlja mesta na planeti

were still wild

bila su još uvek divlja

mostly because the relentless front lines of development

uglavnom zato što nemilosrdne sile razvoja

simply hadn't arrived there yet.

prosto tamo još nisu stigle.

Doug and I were in one of the most remote parts on earth,

Dag i ja smo bili na jednom od najzabačenijih mesta na planeti,

and still around the edges of Pumalín Park,

a ipak, u okolini Parka Pumalin,

our first conservation effort,

našeg prvog poduhvata konzervacije,

industrial aquaculture was growing like a malignancy.

industrijska akvakultura je zlokobno napredovala.

Before too long, other threats arrived to the Patagonia region.

Nedugo potom su u region Patagonije pristigle i druge pretnje.

Gold mining, dam projects on pristine rivers

Iskopavanje zlata, projekti pravljenja brana na netaknutim rekama

and other growing conflicts.

i drugi sve veći sukobi.

The vibration of stampeding economic growth worldwide

Podrhtavanje juriša ekonomskog rasta širom sveta

could be heard even in the highest latitudes of the Southern Cone.

moglo se čuti čak i u najvišim geografskim širinama Južnog konusa.

I know that progress is viewed, generally, in very positive terms,

Znam da se napredak generalno posmatra vrlo pozitivno,

as some sort of hopeful evolution.

kao nekakva evolucija puna nade.

But from where we sat,

Ali mi smo, iz našeg ugla,

we saw the dark side of industrial growth.

videli mračnu stranu industrijskog razvoja.

And when industrial worldviews are applied to natural systems

Kada se industrijski pogledi na svet primene na prirodne sisteme

that support all life,

koji podupiru celokupan život,

we begin to treat the Earth

počinjemo da se ophodimo prema Zemlji

as a factory that produces all the things that we think we need.

kao prema fabrici koja proizvodi stvari za koje mi mislimo da nam trebaju.

As we're all painfully aware,

Kao što smo svi bolno svesni,

the consequences of that worldview are destructive to human welfare,

posledice tog pogleda na svet destruktivne su za dobrobit ljudi,

our climate systems and to wildlife.

naše klimatske sisteme i svet divljine.

Doug called it the price of progress.

Dag je to nazivao cenom napretka.

That's how we saw things,

Tako smo mi sagledavali stvari

and we wanted to be a part of the resistance,

i hteli smo da budemo deo otpora,

pushing up against all of those trends.

da se odupremo svim tim trendovima.

The idea of buying private land and then donating it

Ideja o kupovanju privatnog zemljišta i njegovom doniranju

to create national parks

radi stvaranja nacionalnih parkova

isn't really new.

nije baš nova.

Anyone who has ever enjoyed the views of Teton National Park in Wyoming

Svako ko je uživao u prizorima nacionalnog parka Titon u Vajomingu

or camped in Acadia National Park in Maine

ili kampovao u nacionalnom parku Akadija u Mejnu

has benefited from this big idea.

imao je koristi od ove velike ideje.

Through our family foundation,

Kroz našu porodičnu fondaciju,

we began to acquire wildlife habitat in Chile and Argentina.

počeli smo da stičemo divlja staništa u Čileu i Argentini.

Being believers in conservation biology,

Kako smo verovali u konzervacionu biologiju,

we were going for big, wild and connected.

hteli smo nešto veliko, divlje i povezano.

Areas that were pristine, in some cases,

Područja koja su bila netaknuta, u nekim slučajevima,

and others that would need time to heal,

i neka kojima je trebalo vremena da se bi se oporavila,

that needed to be rewild.

gde je trebalo obnoviti divljinu.

Eventually, we bought more than two million acres

Na kraju smo kupili više od dva miliona hektara

from willing sellers,

od onih koji su bili voljni da prodaju,

assembling them into privately managed protected areas,

spojili ih u zaštićena područja u privatnom vlasništvu,

while building park infrastructure as camp grounds and trails

dok smo gradili infrastrukturu parka kao zemljište za kampovanje i staze

for future use by the general public.

koje će kasnije koristiti šira javnost.

All were welcome.

Svi su bili dobrodošli.

Our goal was to donate all of this land in the form of new national parks.

Cilj je bio da doniramo sve to zemljište kao nove nacionalne parkove.

You might describe this as a kind of capitalist jujitsu move.

Ovo biste mogli opisati kao neku vrstu kapitalističkog džijudžicu poteza.

We deployed private wealth from our business lives

Iz našeg poslovnog života smo rasporedili privatno bogatstvo

and deployed it to protect nature

i namenili ga zaštiti prirode,

from being devoured by the hand of the global economy.

da je ne proguta globalna ekonomija.

It sounded good,

To je lepo zvučalo,

but in the early '90s in Chile,

ali početkom '90-ih u Čileu,

where wildlands philanthropy, which is what we called it,

gde je filantropija divljine, kako smo je nazivali,

was completely unknown,

bila potpuno nepoznata,

we faced tremendous suspicion,

suočili smo se sa ogromnom sumnjičavošću,

and from many quarters, downright hostility.

a sa raznih strana, i direktnim neprijateljskim stavom.

Over time, largely by doing what we said we were doing,

Vremenom, uglavnom tako što smo radili ono što smo rekli da radimo,

we began to win people over.

počeli smo da pridobijamo ljude.

Over the last 27 years,

Tokom poslednjih 27 godina,

we've permanently protected nearly 15 million acres

trajno smo zaštitili skoro 15 miliona hektara

of temperate rainforest,

kišnih šuma umerenih područja,

Patagonian step grasslands,

patagonskih stepskih travnatih područja,

coastal areas,

priobalnih oblasti,

freshwater wetlands,

slatkovodnih močvara,

and created 13 new national parks.

i stvorili 13 novih nacionalnih parkova.

All comprised of our land donations

Svi su se sastojali od naših doniranih zemljišta

and federal lands adjoining those territories.

i federalnih zemljišta koja su se graničila sa tim teritorijama.

After Doug's death following a kayaking accident

Nakon Dagove smrti usled nesreće prilikom vožnje kajakom,

four years ago,

pre četiri godine,

the power of absence hit home again.

moć odsustva je ponovo nastupila.

But we at Tompkins Conservation leaned in to our loss

Ali mi, u Konzervaciji Tompkins, prigrlili smo naš gubitak

and accelerated our efforts.

i pojačali rad na poduhvatima.

Among them, in 2018,

Među njima je bilo, 2018. godine,

creating new marine national parks covering roughly 25 million acres

stvaranje morskih nacionalnih parkova koji se prostiru na oko 25 miliona hektara

in the southern Atlantic Ocean.

u južnom Atlantskom okeanu.

No commercial fishing or extraction of any kind.

Zabranjen je komercijalni ribolov i vađenje bilo čega.

In 2019, we finalized the largest private land gift in history,

Godine 2019. smo priveli kraju

najveće poklanjanje privatnog zemljišta u istoriji,

when our last million acres of conservation land in Chile

kada je naših poslednjih milion hektara zaštićenog zemljišta u Čileu

passed to the government.

predato u ruke vlastima.

A public-private partnership

Partnerstvo javnog i privatnog

that created five new national parks and expanded three others.

stvorilo je pet novih nacionalnih parkova i proširilo dodatna tri.

This ended up being an area larger than Switzerland.

To je na kraju bila oblast veća od Švajcarske.

All of our projects are the results of partnerships.

Svi naši projekti su rezultat partnerstava.

First and foremost with the governments of Chile and Argentina.

Pre svega sa vladama Čilea i Argentine.

And this requires leadership

To zahteva liderstvo

who understands the value of protecting the jewels of their countries,

koje razume značaj zaštite dragocenosti svoje zemlje,

not just for today, but long into the future.

ne samo danas, već i u dalekoj budućnosti.

Partnerships with like-minded conservation philanthropists as well

Partnerstva sa istomišljenicima filantropima konzervacije su takođe

played a role in everything we've done.

imali ulogu u svemu što smo učinili.

Fifteen years ago,

Pre 15 godina,

we asked ourselves,

zapitali smo se:

"Beyond protecting landscape,

„Osim zaštite prirode,

what do we really have to do to create fully functioning ecosystems?"

šta zaista treba da uradimo da bismo stvorili potpuno funkcionalne ekosisteme?”

And we began to ask ourselves, wherever we were working,

Počeli smo da se pitamo, gde god da smo radili,

who's missing,

ko nedostaje,

what species had disappeared

koje vrste su nestale

or whose numbers were low and fragile.

i ko je malobrojan i ranjiv.

We also had to ask,

Takođe smo morali da se zapitamo:

"How do we eliminate the very reason

„Kako da uklonimo sam razlog

that these species went extinct in the first place?"

zbog kojeg su te vrste prvobitno izumrle?”

What seems so obvious now

Ono što danas deluje tako očigledno

was a complete thunderbolt for us.

za nas je bilo poput udarca groma.

And it changed the nature of everything we do,

To je promenilo prirodu svega što radimo,

completely.

u potpunosti.

Unless all the members of the community are present and flourishing,

Ako svi članovi zajednice nisu prisutni i ne napreduju,

it's impossible for us to leave behind fully functioning ecosystems.

nemoguće je da obezbedimo potpuno funkcionalne ekosisteme.

Since then, we've successfully reintroduced several native species

Od tada smo uspešno ponovo uveli nekoliko domaćih vrsta

to the Iberá Wetlands:

u močvare Ibera:

giant anteaters,

džinovske mravojede,

pampas deer,

pampaske jelene,

peccaries

pekare

and finally, one of the most difficult, the green-winged macaws,

i najzad, među najtežima, zelenokrile are,

who've gone missing for over 100 years in that ecosystem.

koje su više od 100 godina bile nestale iz tog ekosistema.

And today, they're back, flying free, dispensing seeds,

A danas su se vratile, lete slobodno, rasejavaju semenje,

playing out their lives as they should be.

žive život onako kako treba.

The capstone of these efforts in Iberá

Krajnji cilj ovih nastojanja u Iberi

is to return the apex carnivores to their rightful place.

je da se mesožderi sa vrha lanca ishrane vrate na mesto koje im pripada.

Jaguars on the land, giant otters in the water.

Jaguari na kopnu, džinovske vidre u vodi.

Several years of trial and error produced young cubs

Nakon više godina pokušaja i grešaka, nastali su mladunci

who will be released

koji će biti pušteni

for the first time in over half a century

prvi put u više od polovine veka

into Iberá wetlands,

u močvare Ibere,

and now, the 1.7-million-acre Iberá Park will provide enough space

i sada će Iberin park od 1,7 miliona hektara obezbediti dovoljno prostora

for recovering jaguar populations with low risk of conflict

za populaciju jaguara u procesu oporavka koji imaju mali rizik sukoba

with neighboring ranchers.

sa susednim rančerima.

Our rewilding projects in Chile

Naši projekti obnavljanja divljine u Čileu

are gaining ground on low numbers of several key species

napreduju kod manjeg broja nekoliko ključnih vrsta

in the Patagonia region.

u oblasti Patagonije.

The huemul deer that is truly nearly extinct,

Kod gvemala koji je zaista skoro izumro,

the lesser rheas

malih nandua

and building the puma and fox populations back up.

i u ponovnom uspostavljanju populacije puma i lisica.

You know, the power of the absent can't help us

Znate, moć odsutnog nam ne može pomoći

if it just leads to nostalgia or despair.

ako samo dovodi do nostalgije ili očaja.

To the contrary,

Upravo je suprotno,

it's only useful if it motivates us

korisna je samo ako nas motiviše

toward working to bring back what's gone missing.

da radimo na vraćanju onoga što je nestalo.

Of course, the first step in rewilding

Naravno, prvi korak u obnavljanju divljine

is to be able to imagine that it's possible in the first place.

je sposobnost zamišljanja da je to uopšte moguće.

That wildlife abundance recorded in journals

Da obilja divljeg sveta zabeležena u časopisima

aren't just stories from some old dusty books.

nisu samo priče iz starih prašnjavih knjiga.

Can you imagine that?

Možete li to da zamislite?

Do you believe the world could be more beautiful,

Verujete li da svet može biti lepši,

more equitable?

pravedniji?

I do.

Ja verujem u to.

Because I've seen it.

Jer sam to i videla.

Here's an example.

Evo primera.

When we purchased one of the largest ranches

Kada smo kupili jedan od najvećih rančeva

in Chile and Patagonia, in 2004,

u Čileu i Patagoniji, 2004. godine,

it looked like this.

izgledao je ovako.

For a century, this land had been overgrazed by livestock,

Čitav vek, na ovom zemljištu je prekomerno napasana stoka,

like most grasslands around the world.

kao što je slučaj sa većinom travnatih površina u svetu.

Soil erosion was rampant,

Erozija tla je bila uznapredovala,

hundreds of miles of fencing

ograda od više stotina kilometara

kept wildlife and its flow corralled.

držala je divlji svet i njegovo kretanje na ograničenom prostoru.

And that was with the little wildlife that was left.

Tako je bilo sa ono malo divljih životinja koje su tu preostale.

The local mountain lions and foxes had been persecuted for decades,

Lokalni planinski lavovi i lisice bili su proganjani decenijama,

leaving their numbers very low.

tako da ih je ostalo u vrlo malom broju.

Today, those lands are the 763,000-acre Patagonian National Park,

Danas ta zemljišta čine Patagonski nacionalni park površine 763 000 hektara,

and it looks like this.

i on izgleda ovako.

And Arcelio, the former gaucho,

A Arselio, nekadašnji gaučo,

whose job was to first find and kill mountain lions in the years past,

čiji je posao prethodnih godina bio da nalazi i ubija planinske lavove,

today is the head tracker for the park's wildlife team,

danas je glavni tragač tima za divlje životinje u ovom parku,

and his story captures the imagination of people around the world.

a njegova priča pleni maštu ljudi širom sveta.

What is possible.

Time šta je sve moguće.

I share these thoughts and images with you not for self-congratulations,

Delim ove misli i slike sa vama ne da bih sama sebi čestitala,

but to make a simple point

već da iskažem jednostavnu poentu

and propose an urgent challenge.

i predložim hitan izazov.

If the question is survival,

Ako je pitanje opstanak,

survival of life's diversity and human dignity

opstanak raznovrsnosti života, ljudskog dostojanstva

and healthy human communities,

i zdravih ljudskih zajednica,

then the answer must include rewilding the Earth.

onda odgovor mora obuhvatati obnavljanje divljine na Zemlji.

As much and as quickly as possible.

Što više i što je brže moguće.

Everyone has a role to play in this,

Svi imaju ulogu u tome,

but especially those of us with privilege,

ali naročito mi privilegovani,

with political power,

sa političkom moći,

wealth,

sa bogatstvom,

where, let's face it, for better, for worse,

gde se, budimo iskreni, bilo to dobro ili ne,

that's where the chess game of our future is played out.

odigrava šahovska partija naše budućnosti.

And this gets to the core of the question.

Time stižemo do suštine pitanja.

Are we prepared to do what it takes to change the end of this story?

Da li smo spremni da preduzmemo šta treba da bismo promenili kraj ove priče?

The changes the world has made in the past few months

Promene koje su učinjene u svetu proteklih nekoliko meseci

to stop the spread of COVID-19

da bi se zaustavilo širenje Kovida-19

are so promising to me,

meni daju mnogo nade,

because it shows we can join forces under desperate circumstances.

jer to pokazuje da možemo udružiti snage u beznadežnim okolnostima.

What we're going through now could be a precursor

Ono kroz šta sada prolazimo može prethoditi

to the broader potential damage as a result of the climate crisis.

većoj potencijalnoj šteti kao posledici klimatske krize.

But without warning,

Ali bez upozorenja,

globally, we're learning to work together in ways we could never have imagined.

globalno, učimo da sarađujemo na načine koje nismo ranije ni zamišljali.

Having watched young people from around the world

Mladi ljudi širom sveta koje sam gledala

rising up and going out into the streets

kako ustaju i izlaze na ulice

to remind us of our culpability and chastising us for our inaction

da bi nas podsetili na našu krivicu i izgrdili nas zbog našeg nečinjenja

are the ones who really inspire me.

su oni koji me zaista inspirišu.

I know, you've heard all of this before.

Znam, sve ste ovo već čuli.

But if there was ever a moment to awaken to the reality

Ali ako je ikada postojao trenutak da otvorimo oči za stvarnost

that everything is connected to everything else,

da je sve povezano sa svačim,

it's right now.

to je sadašnji trenutak.

Every human life is affected by the actions

Na život svakog čoveka utiču dela

of every other human life around the globe.

svakog drugog čoveka širom planete.

And the fate of humanity is tied to the health of the planet.

A sudbina čovečanstva vezana je za zdravlje planete.

We have a common destiny.

Imamo zajedničku sudbinu.

We can flourish

Možemo živeti u blagostanju

or we can suffer ...

ili možemo da patimo...

But we're going to be doing it together.

Ali u tome ćemo biti zajedno.

So here's the truth.

Dakle, evo istine.

We're so far past the point when individual action is an elective.

Davno smo prošli tačku u kojoj je pojedinačna akcija neobavezna.

In my opinion, it's a moral imperative

Moje mišljenje je da je moralni imperativ

that every single one of us

da se svako od nas

steps up to reimagine our place in the circle of life.

pridruži u novom osmišljavanju našeg mesta u životnom ciklusu.

Not in the center, but as part of the whole.

Ne u njegovom središtu, već kao deo celine.

We need to remember

Moramo upamtiti

that what we do reflects who we choose to be.

da ono što činimo odražava ono što biramo da budemo.

Let's create a civilization

Hajde da stvorimo civilizaciju

that honors the intrinsic value of all life.

koja poštuje suštinsku vrednost celokupnog živog sveta.

No matter who you are,

Ko god da ste,

no matter what you have to work with,

koja god sredstva da imate na raspolaganju,

get out of bed every single morning,

ustanite iz kreveta svakog jutra

and do something that has nothing to do with yourself,

i uradite nešto što nema veze sa vama,

but rather having everything to do with those things you love.

ali ipak je vrlo povezano sa stvarima koje volite.

With those things you know to be true.

Sa stvarima za koje znate da su istinite.

Be someone who imagines human progress

Budite osoba koja zamišlja ljudski napredak

to be something that moves us toward wholeness.

kao nešto što nas pokreće ka celovitosti.

Toward health.

Ka zdravlju.

Toward human dignity.

Ka ljudskom dostojanstvu.

And always,

I uvek,

and forever,

i zauvek,

wild beauty.

ka lepoti divljine.

Thank you.

Hvala.