Mick Mountz: What happens inside those massive warehouses?

Translator: Bob Prottas Reviewer: Nhu PHAM

Prevodilac: Aleksandar Kovačević Lektor: Mile Živković

I want to talk to you about,

Želim da vam ispričam,

or share with you, a breakthrough new approach

da podelim sa vama sasvim novi pristup

for managing items of inventory inside of a warehouse.

upravljanju robom u skladištima.

We're talking about a pick, pack and ship setting here.

Radi se o sortiranju, pakovanju i slanju.

So as a hint,

Da vam nagovestim:

this solution involves hundreds of mobile robots,

u pitanju su stotine,

sometimes thousands of mobile robots,

ponekad i hiljade robota,

moving around a warehouse. And I'll get to the solution.

koji se kreću po skladištu. I čućete odgovor.

But for a moment, just think

Ali za sada, prisetite se

about the last time that you ordered something online.

svoje poslednje kupovine preko interneta.

You were sitting on your couch

Sedeli ste na trosedu

and you decided that you absolutely had to have this red t-shirt.

i odlučili da morate da kupite crvenu majicu.

So — click! — you put it into your shopping cart.

Pa ste kliknuli, i ušla je u kolica za kupovinu.

And then you decided that green pair of pants

Onda ste odlučili da ni zelene

looks pretty good too — click!

pantalone nisu loše - klik!

And maybe a blue pair of shoes — click!

Uz to mogu i plave cipele - klik!

So at this point you've assembled your order.

Sad ste već dovršili narudžbinu.

You didn't stop to think for a moment that

Niste se zapitali da li je

that might not be a great outfit.

to možda loša kombinacija.

But you hit "submit order."

Ali ste pritisnuli ,,naruči''.

And two days later, this package shows up on your doorstep.

I dva dana kasnije, na pragu vas čeka paket.

And you open the box and you're like, wow, there's my goo.

Otvorite kutiju i tu su vam sve stvari.

Did you ever stop to think about how those items of inventory

Ali da li ste se zapitali kako ta roba

actually found their way inside that box in the warehouse?

u skladištu dospe baš u tu kutiju?

So I'm here to tell you it's that guy right there.

Evo sad vam kažem da je to zbog onog tipa tamo.

So deep in the middle of that picture,

Tu na sredini slike

you see a classic pick-pack worker

nalazi se radnik u otpremnom centru,

in a distribution or order fulfillments setting.

koji razvrstava, pakuje i šalje robu za porudžbine.

Classically these pick workers will spend 60 or 70 percent of their day

Ovakvi radnici obično provode 60-70% radnog vremena

wandering around the warehouse.

šetajući po skladištu.

They'll often walk as much as 5 or 10 miles

Često pređu i po 8 ili 16 km

in pursuit of those items of inventory.

dok traže različitu robu.

Not only is this an unproductive way to fill orders,

Ne samo da to nije produktivno,

it also turns out to be an unfulfilling way to fill orders.

već se ni radnici ne osećaju ispunjeno.

So let me tell you where I first bumped into this problem.

Reći ću vam gde sam prvi put naleteo na ovaj problem.

I was out in the Bay area in '99, 2000, the dot com boom.

Bio sam u San Francisku 1999, 2000, vrhunac internet firmi.

I worked for a fabulously spectacular flame-out called Webvan.

Radio sam na ludoj avanturi zvanoj Webvan.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

This company raised hundreds of millions of dollars with the notion that

Sakupili smo stotine miliona dolara sa namerom

we will deliver grocery orders online.

da dostavljamo namirnice naručene preko interneta.

And it really came down to the fact that we couldn't do it cost effectively.

Na kraju se sve svelo na to da nismo mogli da postignemo zaradu.

Turns out e-commerce was something that was very hard and very costly.

Ispadne da je e-trgovina zapravo veoma teška i skupa.

In this particular instance we were trying to assemble 30 items of inventory

U ovom slučaju smo pokušali da 30 komada robe

into a few totes, onto a van to deliver to the home.

smestimo u nekoliko torbi, pa ih dostavimo kombijem.

And when you think about it, it was costing us 30 dollars.

Na kraju je ispalo da nas košta $30.

Imagine, we had an 89¢ can of soup

Zamislite, za konzervu supe koja košta 89¢

that was costing us one dollar to pick and pack into that tote.

sortiranje i pakovanje u torbu košta jedan dolar.

And that's before we actually tried to deliver it to the home.

A to je još bez cene transporta.

So long story short, during my one year at Webvan,

Da skratim, za tih godinu dana u Webvan-u

what I realized by talking to all the material-handling providers

sam iz razgovora sa radnicima u prenosu robe shvatio

was that there was no solution designed specifically to solve each base picking.

da ne postoji konkretno rešenje za sortiranje različitih proizvoda.

Red item, green, blue, getting those three things in a box.

Crveni, plavi, zeleni predmet, da svi budu u istoj kutiji.

So we said, there's just got to be a better way to do this.

Bili smo sigurni da se to može raditi na bolji način.

Existing material handling was set up to pump

Postojali su sistemi samo za slanje

pallets and cases of goo to retail stores.

paleta i pakovanja za maloprodaju.

Of course Webvan went out of business, and about a year and a half later,

Naravno, Webvan je propao, a ja sam godinu i po kasnije

I was still noodling on this problem. It was still nagging at me.

i dalje razmišljao o istom problemu, i dalje mi nije dao mira.

And I started thinking about it again.

Tako da sam ponovo dobro razmislio.

And I said, let me just focus briefly on what I wanted as a pick worker,

I zapitao sam se šta bih ja želeo kad bih radio na razvrstavanju.

or my vision for how it should work.

Kako ja mislim da bi to trebalo da ide.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I said, let's focus on the problem.

Dakle, da se usredsredimo na problem.

I have an order here and what I want to do is I want to put

Stigla mi je porudžbina i želim da crveni,

red, green and blue in this box right here.

plavi i zeleni predmet stavim u ovu kutiju.

What I need is a system where I put out my hand and — poof! —

Treba mi sistem u kom ispružim ruku,

the product shows up and I pack it into the order,

proizvod se pojavi i ja ga spakujem,

and now we're thinking,

dakle to bi

this would be a very operator-centric approach to solving the problem.

ličilo na upravljanje mašinom.

This is what I need. What technology is available to solve this problem?

To mi treba. Koja tehnologija može da reši taj problem?

But as you can see, orders can come and go, products can come and go.

Ali kao što vidite, porudžbine se menjaju, proizvodi se menjaju.

It allows us to focus on making the pick worker the center of the problem,

Zbog toga radnike u razvrstavanju možemo da stavimo u centar stvari,

and providing them the tools to make them as productive as possible.

pa da im omogućimo da rade što produktivnije.

So how did I arrive at this notion?

Kako sam došao do te zamisli?

Well, actually it came from a brainstorming exercise,

Zapravo putem mentalne vežbe

probably a technique that many of you use,

koju verovatno mnogi od vas koriste,

It's this notion of testing your ideas.

vezane za isprobavanje ideja.

Take a blank sheet, of course,

Naravno, treba vam prazan papir,

but then test your ideas at the limits — infinity, zero.

a na njemu zatim ispitate granične vrednosti ideja - beskonačno, nula.

In this particular case, we challenged ourselves with the idea:

U ovom slučaju, pitanje je bilo:

What if we had to build a distribution center in China,

šta bi bilo kad bismo gradili otpremni centar u Kini,

where it's a very, very low-cost market?

gde je sve vrlo jeftino?

And say, labor is cheap, land is cheap.

Recimo da su i radnici i zemljište jeftini.

And we said specifically,

Konkretno smo se zapitali:

"What if it was zero dollars an hour for direct labor

,,Šta bi bilo kad bi rad bio besplatan,

and we could build a million- square-foot distribution center?"

a otpremni centar imao milion kvadrata?''

So naturally that led to ideas that said,

Naravno, odmah smo rekli

"Let's put lots of people in the warehouse."

da nam treba što više radnika.

And I said, "Hold on, zero dollars per hour,

Rekao sam da bih

what I would do is 'hire'

za nula dolara na sat ,,unajmio''

10,000 workers to come to the warehouse every morning at 8 a.m.,

10.000 radnika da svako jutro u 8 dođu do skladišta,

walk into the warehouse and pick up one item of inventory

uđu i uzmu po jedan artikal,

and then just stand there.

a onda stoje i čekaju.

So you hold Captain Crunch, you hold the Mountain Dew,

Dakle, vi držite žitarice, vi energetsko piće,

you hold the Diet Coke.

vi dijetalnu kolu.

If I need it, I'll call you, otherwise just stand there.

Ako mi zatreba, zvaću vas, u suprotnom stojite.

But when I need Diet Coke and I call it, you guys talk amongst yourselves.

Ako mi treba dijetalna kola i pozovem, vi javite jedni drugima.

Diet Coke walks up to the front — pick it, put it in the tote, away it goes."

Dijetalna kola stiže do prednjeg dela - uzmem, stavim u torbu i šaljem.

Wow, what if the products could walk and talk on their own?

Zamislite da proizvodi mogu sami da se kreću i sporazumevaju.

That's a very interesting, very powerful way

To je vrlo interesantan, vrlo moćan način

that we could potentially organize this warehouse.

na koji bi skladište moglo da se organizuje.

So of course, labor isn't free,

Rad, naravno, nije besplatan.

on that practical versus awesome spectrum.

Koliko god bilo impresivno, nije praktično.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

So we said mobile shelving — We'll put them on mobile shelving.

Pa smo odlučili da smestimo proizvode na pokretne police.

We'll use mobile robots and we'll move the inventory around.

Pomoću robota pomeramo police sa robom.

And so we got underway on that and then I'm sitting on my couch in 2008.

Krenuli smo da radimo na tome, i 2008. sedim na trosedu.

Did any of you see the Beijing Olympics, the opening ceremonies?

Je li neko od vas gledao otvaranje Olimpijskih Igara u Pekingu?

I about fell out of my couch when I saw this.

Samo što nisam pao sa troseda kad sam video.

I'm like, that was the idea!

Pa to smo i hteli da uradimo!

(Laughter and Applause)

(Smeh i aplauz)

We'll put thousands of people on the warehouse floor, the stadium floor.

Da stavimo hiljade ljudi u skladište, na stadion.

But interestingly enough, this actually relates to the idea

Zanimljivo je jer zaista ima veze sa tom idejom,

in that these guys were creating some incredibly powerful, impressive digital art,

jer su tu stvorili neverovatno moćnu i impresivnu digitalnu umetnost,

all without computers, I'm told,

i to bez računara, kako kažu,

it was all peer-to-peer coordination and communication.

već samo međuljudskom komunikacijom i koordinacijom.

You stand up, I'll squat down.

Ti ustaneš, ja čučnem.

And they made some fabulous art.

I stvarno je sjajno izgledalo.

It speaks to the power of emergence

Lepo su pokazali šta može da nastane

in systems when you let things start to talk with each other.

ako delovi sistema počnu da međusobno komuniciraju.

So that was a little bit of the journey.

Tako smo, dakle, došli na ideju.

So of course, now what became the practical reality of this idea?

Ali kako je sad pretočiti u stvarnost?

Here is a warehouse.

Evo ga skladište:

It's a pick, pack and ship center that has about 10,000 different SKUs.

centar za razvrstavanje, pakovanje i slanje sa oko 10.000 polica.

We'll call them red pens, green pens, yellow Post-It Notes.

Recimo da su tu zelene i crvene olovke, žuti samolepljivi listići.

We send the little orange robots out to pick up the blue shelving pods.

Šaljemo male narandžaste robote da pokupe plave police.

And we deliver them to the side of the building.

Zatim ih nose do jedne strane zgrade.

So all the pick workers now get to stay on the perimeter.

Znači da radnici ne moraju da se pomeraju.

And the game here is to pick up the shelves,

Poenta je da se police kupe

take them down the highway and deliver them straight to the pick worker.

i preko centralnog prolaza nose do radnika.

This pick worker's life is completely different.

Time se u potpunosti menja život radnika.

Rather than wandering around the warehouse, she gets to stay still

Umesto da šeta po skladištu, može da stoji

in a pick station like this

u ovakvom centru za razvrstavanje

and every product in the building can now come to her.

dok proizvodi idu do njega.

So the process is very productive.

Ceo proces je vrlo produktivan.

Reach in, pick an item, scan the bar code, pack it out.

Pružite ruku, uzmete predmet, skenirate bar-kod i pakujete.

By the time you turn around,

Dok se okrenete,

there's another product there ready to be picked and packed.

novi proizvodi već čekaju.

So what we've done is take out all of the non-value added

Znači da smo uklonili

walking, searching, wasting, waited time,

beskorisno šetanje, traženje i čekanje

and we've developed a very high-fidelity way to pick these orders,

i razvili vrlo efektivan način razvrstavanja,

where you point at it with a laser, scan the UPC barcode,

gde laserom skenirate UPC bar-kod,

and then indicate with a light which box it needs to go into.

zatom svetlom odredite u koju kutiju ide.

So more productive, more accurate and, it turns out,

Znači da je produktivnije, preciznije, a ispostavilo se

it's a more interesting office environment for these pick workers.

i da je zanimljivije za same radnike.

They actually complete the whole order.

Sada sami sastavljaju čitavu porudžbinu.

So they do red, green and blue, not just a part of the order.

Sakupljaju i crveno i zeleno i plavo, ne samo deo.

And they feel a little bit more in control of their environment.

I osećaju da imaju malo veći stepen kontrole.

So the side effects of this approach

Zapravo su nas najviše iznenadile

are what really surprised us.

nuspojave ovakvog pristupa.

We knew it was going to be more productive.

Znali smo da će biti produktivnije.

But we didn't realize just how pervasive this way of thinking

Ali nismo znali koliko će ovaj način razmišljanja

extended to other functions in the warehouse.

da prožima druge poslove u skladištu.

But what effectively this approach is doing inside of the DC

Ovakav pristup pretvara otpremni centar

is turning it into a massively parallel processing engine.

u ogromni pogon za paralelno izračunavanje.

So this is again a cross-fertilization of ideas.

Tu opet dolazi do ukrštanja ideja.

Here's a warehouse and we're thinking about

Od skladišta smo došli

parallel processing supercomputer architectures.

do paralelne arhitekture superkompjutera.

The notion here is that you have

Ideja je da

10 workers on the right side of the screen

na desnoj strani ekrana

that are now all independent autonomous pick workers.

imate 10 nezavisnih radnika u razvrstavanju.

If the worker in station three decides to leave and go to the bathroom,

Ako radnik u stanici tri reši da ode do toaleta,

it has no impact on the productivity of the other nine workers.

to ne utiče na učinak ostalih devet radnika.

Contrast that, for a moment, with the traditional method of using a conveyor.

Uporedite to sa uobičajenim sistemom pokretne trake.

When one person passes the order to you,

Kada vam neko prosledi paket,

you put something in and pass it downstream.

stavite nešto u njega i šaljete dalje.

Everyone has to be in place for that serial process to work.

Da bi to funkcionisalo, svi moraju biti na svom mestu.

This becomes a more robust way to think about the warehouse.

Paralelni način razmišljanja je mnogo otporniji.

And then underneath the hoods gets interesting in that we're tracking

A kada smo počeli da pratimo popularnost proozvoda, otkrili smo

the popularity of the products.

zanimljive skrivene procese.

And we're using dynamic and adaptive algorithms

Dinamičkim i adaptivnim algoritmina

to tune the floor of the warehouse.

smo poboljšavali raspored polica.

So what you see here potentially the week leading up to Valentine's Day.

Ovde je prikazan moguć raspored u nedelji pred Dan zaljubljenih.

All that pink chalky candy has moved to the front of the building

Svi ružičasti slatkiši su prešli u prednji deo skladišta

and is now being picked into a lot of orders in those pick stations.

i radnici ih razvrstavaju i pakuju.

Come in two days after Valentine's Day, and that candy, the leftover candy,

Ako pogledate dva dana posle Dana zaljubljenih, preostali slatkiši

has all drifted to the back of the warehouse

su prešli u zadnji deo skladišta,

and is occupying the cooler zone on the thermal map there.

u hladniji deo termalne mape.

One other side effect of this approach using the parallel processing

Jedna od nuspojava korišćenja ovakvog paralelnog procesa

is these things can scale to ginormous.

je da se može povećavati unedogled.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

So whether you're doing two pick stations, 20 pick stations,

Bez obzira da li imate 2, 20

or 200 pick stations, the path planning algorithms

ili 200 stanica za razvrstavanje, algoritmi

and all of the inventory algorithms just work.

za proračun putanja i inventara uvek rade.

In this example you see that the inventory

Na ovom primeru se vidi da su police sa robom

has now occupied all the perimeter of the building

blizu ivica zgrade

because that's where the pick stations were.

jer su tu i stanice za razvrstavanje.

They sorted it out for themselves.

Same su se razmestile.

So I'll conclude with just one final video

Na kraju ću vam samo pokazati snimak

that shows how this comes to bear

na kom se vidi kako sve ovo utiče

on the pick worker's actual day in the life of.

na svakodnevicu radnika.

So as we mentioned, the process is to move inventory along the highway

Već smo pomenuli da roba putuje centralnom trakom

and then find your way into these pick stations.

do samih stanica za razvrstavanje.

And our software in the background

U pozadini softver nadgleda

understands what's going on in each station,

svaku stanicu pojedinačno,

we direct the pods across the highway

tako da dok šaljemo police

and we're attempting to get into a queuing system

možemo da pokušamo i da odredimo redosled

to present the work to the pick worker.

kojim će ih radnik primiti.

What's interesting is we can even adapt the speed of the pick workers.

Zaniljivo je da brzinu slanja možemo da prilagodimo radniku.

The faster pickers get more pods and the slower pickers get few.

Najbrži dobijaju više polica, a sporiji manje.

But this pick worker now is literally having that experience

Ali sad radnik doživljava posao

that we described before.

baš kako smo opisali.

She puts out her hand. The product jumps into it.

Ispruži ruku, proizvod se pojavi.

Or she has to reach in and get it.

Ili ga dohvati sa police.

She scans it and she puts it in the bucket.

Skenira ga i stavlja u kutiju.

And all of the rest of the technology is kind of behind the scenes.

A ostatak tehnologije je skriven od pogleda.

So she gets to now focus on the picking and packing portion of her job.

Sada radnik može da se skoncentriše na razvrstavanje i pakovanje.

Never has any idle time, never has to leave her mat.

Nema dangubljenja, nema napuštanja radnog mesta.

And actually we think not only a more productive

Na kraju ovaj metod pakovanja porudžbina

and more accurate way to fill orders.

nije samo precizniji i brži.

We think it's a more fulfilling way to fill orders.

Smatramo da se i radnici osećaju ispunjenije.

The reason we can say that, though, is that workers

To znamo jer se sad

in a lot of these buildings now compete

u mnogim zgradama radnici takmiče

for the privilege of working in the Kiva zone that day.

za mogućnost da tog dana rade u Kiva zoni.

And sometimes we'll catch them on testimonial videos

Nekad ih snimimo

saying such things as,

dok govore kako

they have more energy after the day to play with their grandchildren,

sad imaju više energije za igru sa unucima.

or in one case a guy said, "the Kiva zone is so stress-free

Ili jedan tip koji je rekao da je Kiva zona toliko opuštena

that I've actually stopped taking my blood pressure medication."

da je prestao da uzima lekove za pritisak.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

That was at a pharmaceutical distributor, so they told us not to use that video.

To smo snimili u skladištu lekova, pa ne smemo da vam pokažemo.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

So what I wanted to leave you with today is the notion that

Za kraj bih samo želeo da vam kažem

when you let things start to think and walk

da stvari mogu da postanu zanimljive i produktivne

and talk on their own, interesting processes and productivities can emerge.

ako pustite predmete da razmišljaju i da se kreću.

And now I think next time you go to your front step

A kad idući put dođete do vrata

and pick up that box that you just ordered online,

i pokupite paket naručen preko interneta,

you break it open and the goo is in there,

otvorite ga i sve stvari su tu,

you'll have some wonderment as to whether a robot

možda se zapitate da li je robot

assisted in the picking and packing of that order.

pomogao da se ta narudžbina sastavi.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)