Mick Mountz: What happens inside those massive warehouses?

Translator: Bob Prottas Reviewer: Nhu PHAM

Prevoditelj: Igor Pureta Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

I want to talk to you about,

Želim vam pričati

or share with you, a breakthrough new approach

odnosno podijeliti s vama potpuno novi pristup

for managing items of inventory inside of a warehouse.

upravljanju uskladištenim predmetima unutar skladišta.

We're talking about a pick, pack and ship setting here.

Ovdje govorimo o ručnom traženju, pakiranju i dostavi.

So as a hint,

Kao mig,

this solution involves hundreds of mobile robots,

ovo rješenje uključuje stotine pokretnih robota,

sometimes thousands of mobile robots,

ponekad tisuće pokretnih robota,

moving around a warehouse. And I'll get to the solution.

koji se kreću po skladištu. Doći ću do rješenja.

But for a moment, just think

No, prije toga, samo se

about the last time that you ordered something online.

sjetite kada ste zadnji put naručili preko mreže.

You were sitting on your couch

Sjedili ste na kauču

and you decided that you absolutely had to have this red t-shirt.

i odlučili da definitivno morate imati ovu crvenu majicu.

So — click! — you put it into your shopping cart.

Dakle - klik! - stavite ju u košaricu.

And then you decided that green pair of pants

Onda ste odlučili da vam zelene hlače

looks pretty good too — click!

također super izgledaju - klik!

And maybe a blue pair of shoes — click!

I možda plavi par cipela - klik!

So at this point you've assembled your order.

Sada ste već složili narudžbu.

You didn't stop to think for a moment that

Niste stali i razmislili

that might not be a great outfit.

da to možda nije dobra kombinacija.

But you hit "submit order."

No kliknete "naruči".

And two days later, this package shows up on your doorstep.

Dva dana kasnije, paket vam se pojavljuje na vratima.

And you open the box and you're like, wow, there's my goo.

Otvorite kutiju i pronađete svoje stvari.

Did you ever stop to think about how those items of inventory

Jeste li ikad stali i razmislili o tome kako ti predmeti

actually found their way inside that box in the warehouse?

zapravo pronađu svoj put u kutiju u skladištu?

So I'm here to tell you it's that guy right there.

Ovdje sam da vam kažem da to radi ovaj tip ravno ovdje.

So deep in the middle of that picture,

U sredini ove slike,

you see a classic pick-pack worker

vidite klasičnog skladišnog radnika

in a distribution or order fulfillments setting.

u distribuciji ili izvršavanju narudžbi.

Classically these pick workers will spend 60 or 70 percent of their day

Obično ovi radnici provedu 60 - 70% svog dana

wandering around the warehouse.

lutajući po skladištu.

They'll often walk as much as 5 or 10 miles

Često će prehodati i do 10 - 15 km

in pursuit of those items of inventory.

u potrazi za tim stvarima.

Not only is this an unproductive way to fill orders,

Ne samo da ovo nije produktivan način za izvršavanje narudžbi,

it also turns out to be an unfulfilling way to fill orders.

nego se čini da nije niti ispunjavajuć način za izvršavanje narudžbi.

So let me tell you where I first bumped into this problem.

Reći ću vam gdje sam prvo naišao na ovaj problem.

I was out in the Bay area in '99, 2000, the dot com boom.

Bio sam u Zaljevskom području '99-e, 2000.-e.

I worked for a fabulously spectacular flame-out called Webvan.

Radio sam za poduzeće koje je sjajno izgorjelo, Webvan.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

This company raised hundreds of millions of dollars with the notion that

Ovo je poduzeće prikupilo milijune dolara na ideji

we will deliver grocery orders online.

dostave stvari naručenih putem interneta.

And it really came down to the fact that we couldn't do it cost effectively.

Svelo se na to da ne možemo to učiniti tako da se isplati.

Turns out e-commerce was something that was very hard and very costly.

Ispostavilo se da je internet prodaja nešto jako teško i skupo.

In this particular instance we were trying to assemble 30 items of inventory

U ovom slučaju pokušali smo složiti 30 proizvoda s popisa

into a few totes, onto a van to deliver to the home.

u nekoliko paketa, pa u kombi kako bismo ih dostavili naručitelju.

And when you think about it, it was costing us 30 dollars.

Kada razmislite, koštalo nas je 30 dolara.

Imagine, we had an 89¢ can of soup

Zamislite, imali smo juhu od 89 centi

that was costing us one dollar to pick and pack into that tote.

čije nas je pakiranje za prijevoz koštalo 1 dolar.

And that's before we actually tried to deliver it to the home.

I prije nego što smo zapravo pokušali dostaviti.

So long story short, during my one year at Webvan,

Ukratko, u mojoj jednoj godini u Webvanu-u,

what I realized by talking to all the material-handling providers

sam shvatio pričajući s radnicima u skladištu

was that there was no solution designed specifically to solve each base picking.

je da ne postoji rješenje samo za ubiranje stvari.

Red item, green, blue, getting those three things in a box.

Crveni artikl, zeleni, plavi, stavljanje svih u kutiju.

So we said, there's just got to be a better way to do this.

Zaključili smo da za to mora postojati bolji način.

Existing material handling was set up to pump

Postojeći način dostave proizvoda je bio gurati palete

pallets and cases of goo to retail stores.

i kutije do više trgovina.

Of course Webvan went out of business, and about a year and a half later,

Naravno, Webvan je propao godinu i pol kasnije,

I was still noodling on this problem. It was still nagging at me.

ja sam još uvijek bio na ovom problemu, smetao mi je.

And I started thinking about it again.

Počeo sam opet o njemu razmišljati.

And I said, let me just focus briefly on what I wanted as a pick worker,

Rekao sam - dajte mi da razmislim o onome što sam želio kao skladištar,

or my vision for how it should work.

ili o mojoj viziji kako bi to trebalo izgledati.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

I said, let's focus on the problem.

Rekao sam, usmjerimo se na problem.

I have an order here and what I want to do is I want to put

Imam narudžbu i ono što želim je staviti

red, green and blue in this box right here.

crvenu, zelenu i plavu u ovu kutiju ovdje.

What I need is a system where I put out my hand and — poof! —

Ono što trebam je sustav u kojem ispružim ruku i - puf! -

the product shows up and I pack it into the order,

proizvod mi se pojavi u ruci i ja ga pakiram,

and now we're thinking,

i sada razmišljamo,

this would be a very operator-centric approach to solving the problem.

ovo bi bio način rješenja koji je jako usmjeren na operatora.

This is what I need. What technology is available to solve this problem?

Ovo je to što trebam. Koja tehnologija je dostupna za takvo rješenje?

But as you can see, orders can come and go, products can come and go.

No, kao što vidite, narudžbe dolaze i odlaze, kao i proizvodi.

It allows us to focus on making the pick worker the center of the problem,

Dopušta nam se da radnike postavimo u centar problema,

and providing them the tools to make them as productive as possible.

i dajemo im alate kako bi bili što produktivniji.

So how did I arrive at this notion?

Kako sam došao do ovoga?

Well, actually it came from a brainstorming exercise,

Ustvari je došlo brzim nabacivanjem ideja,

probably a technique that many of you use,

tehnike koju, vjerojatno, mnogi koriste,

It's this notion of testing your ideas.

i namijenjenoj testiranju ideja.

Take a blank sheet, of course,

Uzmete, naravno, prazan papir

but then test your ideas at the limits — infinity, zero.

i testirate svoje ideje na ograničenjima od beskonačnosti do nula.

In this particular case, we challenged ourselves with the idea:

U ovom slučaju, izazvali smo se idejom:

What if we had to build a distribution center in China,

Što da moramo izgraditi distribucijski centar u Kini,

where it's a very, very low-cost market?

tržištu s niskim troškovima?

And say, labor is cheap, land is cheap.

I recimo, rad je jeftin, zemljište jeftino.

And we said specifically,

I rekli smo određeno,

"What if it was zero dollars an hour for direct labor

"Što ako je sat direktnog rada nula dolara

and we could build a million- square-foot distribution center?"

i možemo izgraditi distribucijski centar od milijun kvadrata?"

So naturally that led to ideas that said,

Naravno, to je dovelo do ideja kao

"Let's put lots of people in the warehouse."

"Stavimo puno ljudi u skladište."

And I said, "Hold on, zero dollars per hour,

Rekao sam, "Čekaj malo, nula dolara po satu,

what I would do is 'hire'

ono što bih napravio je zaposlio

10,000 workers to come to the warehouse every morning at 8 a.m.,

10.000 radnika da dođu u skladište svako jutro u 8,

walk into the warehouse and pick up one item of inventory

uđu u skladište i svatko uzme jedan predmet s popisa

and then just stand there.

i samo stoje tamo.

So you hold Captain Crunch, you hold the Mountain Dew,

Dakle ti držiš Captain Crunch, ti držiš Mountain Dew,

you hold the Diet Coke.

ti držiš dijetnu kolu.

If I need it, I'll call you, otherwise just stand there.

Ako trebam išta, zvat ću vas, inače se ne mičete.

But when I need Diet Coke and I call it, you guys talk amongst yourselves.

No kada tražim dijetnu kolu i pozovem, vi pričate međusobno.

Diet Coke walks up to the front — pick it, put it in the tote, away it goes."

Dijetna kola dolazi naprijed - uzima, stavlja u košaricu i odlazi."

Wow, what if the products could walk and talk on their own?

Wow, što da proizvodi mogu sami hodati?

That's a very interesting, very powerful way

To je vrlo zanimljiv, vrlo moćan način

that we could potentially organize this warehouse.

da potencijalno organiziramo to skladište.

So of course, labor isn't free,

Naravno, rad nije besplatan,

on that practical versus awesome spectrum.

na spektru između praktičnog i 'zakon'.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So we said mobile shelving — We'll put them on mobile shelving.

Dakle, rekli smo pokretne police.

We'll use mobile robots and we'll move the inventory around.

Uzet ćemo pokretne robote i pokretati robu gdje je potrebno.

And so we got underway on that and then I'm sitting on my couch in 2008.

Krenuli smo s time i onda sjedim na kauču godine 2008.

Did any of you see the Beijing Olympics, the opening ceremonies?

Je li itko od vas gledao otvorenje Olimpijskih igara u Pekingu?

I about fell out of my couch when I saw this.

Pao sam s kauča kad sam to vidio.

I'm like, that was the idea!

To je bila ta ideja!

(Laughter and Applause)

(Smijeh i pljesak)

We'll put thousands of people on the warehouse floor, the stadium floor.

Stavit ćemo tisuće ljudi na pod skladišta, pod stadiona.

But interestingly enough, this actually relates to the idea

No, zanimljivo, ovo se veže za ideju

in that these guys were creating some incredibly powerful, impressive digital art,

da su ovi ljudi napravili iznimno moćnu digitalnu umjetnost,

all without computers, I'm told,

sve bez računala, koliko su mi rekli,

it was all peer-to-peer coordination and communication.

sve je komunikacija između ljudi.

You stand up, I'll squat down.

Ti ustani, ja sjedam.

And they made some fabulous art.

Napravili su iznimnu umjetnost.

It speaks to the power of emergence

Govori o moći nastanka

in systems when you let things start to talk with each other.

u sustavima kada dopustite stvarima da međusobno razgovaraju.

So that was a little bit of the journey.

Ovo je bilo malo putovanje,

So of course, now what became the practical reality of this idea?

Dakle, naravno, što slijedi kao praktična realnost ove ideje?

Here is a warehouse.

Ovo je skladište.

It's a pick, pack and ship center that has about 10,000 different SKUs.

Tipičan centar s otprilike 10.000 različitih proizvoda.

We'll call them red pens, green pens, yellow Post-It Notes.

Zvat ćemo ih crvenim olovkama, zelenim olovkama, žutim post-it-ima.

We send the little orange robots out to pick up the blue shelving pods.

Pošaljemo male narančaste robote da pokupe plave police.

And we deliver them to the side of the building.

Pošaljemo ih na jednu stranu zgrade.

So all the pick workers now get to stay on the perimeter.

Sada su svi radnici u jednom perimetru.

And the game here is to pick up the shelves,

Igra ovdje je da se pokupe police,

take them down the highway and deliver them straight to the pick worker.

i dostave izravno radnicima.

This pick worker's life is completely different.

Život radnika je potpuno drugačiji.

Rather than wandering around the warehouse, she gets to stay still

Umjesto da šeće po skladištu, može ostati na mjestu

in a pick station like this

na stanici poput ove

and every product in the building can now come to her.

i svaki proizvod može doći do nje.

So the process is very productive.

Proces je vrlo produktivan.

Reach in, pick an item, scan the bar code, pack it out.

Posegnuti, uzeti proizvod, skenirati bar kod, pakirati.

By the time you turn around,

Dok se okrenete,

there's another product there ready to be picked and packed.

već postoji drugi proizvod koji čeka na pakiranje.

So what we've done is take out all of the non-value added

Uzeli smo sve troškove koji ne dodaju vrijednost,

walking, searching, wasting, waited time,

hodanje, traženje, traćenje vremena,

and we've developed a very high-fidelity way to pick these orders,

i razvili smo vrlo kvalitetan sustav za skupljanje narudžbi,

where you point at it with a laser, scan the UPC barcode,

gdje usmjerite laser prema artiklu, skenirate bar kod,

and then indicate with a light which box it needs to go into.

i svijetlom pokažete u koju kutiju artikl ide.

So more productive, more accurate and, it turns out,

Dakle produktivnije, preciznije i, čini se

it's a more interesting office environment for these pick workers.

zanimljivije radno okruženje za radnike.

They actually complete the whole order.

Upotpunjavaju cijelu narudžbu.

So they do red, green and blue, not just a part of the order.

Rade crveno, zeleno i plavo, a ne samo dio narudžbe.

And they feel a little bit more in control of their environment.

Osjećaju da malo više kontroliraju svoje okruženje.

So the side effects of this approach

Negativne strane ovog pristupa

are what really surprised us.

su nas stvarno iznenadile.

We knew it was going to be more productive.

Znali smo da će biti produktivnije.

But we didn't realize just how pervasive this way of thinking

No nismo shvatili koliko će se ovaj način razmišljanja

extended to other functions in the warehouse.

proširiti na druge funkcije u skladištu.

But what effectively this approach is doing inside of the DC

Skladište se zapravo

is turning it into a massively parallel processing engine.

pretvara u masivan motor s paralelnim procesiranjem.

So this is again a cross-fertilization of ideas.

Ovo je opet križanje ideja.

Here's a warehouse and we're thinking about

Ovdje je skladište i razmišljamo

parallel processing supercomputer architectures.

o arhitekturi super računala s paralelnim procesiranjem.

The notion here is that you have

Pojam koji se izdvaja

10 workers on the right side of the screen

je 10 radnika s desne strane ekrana

that are now all independent autonomous pick workers.

koji su sada svi nezavisni radnici.

If the worker in station three decides to leave and go to the bathroom,

Ako radnik u postaji 3 odluči otići na zahod,

it has no impact on the productivity of the other nine workers.

nema utjecaja na produktivnost ostalih 9 radnika.

Contrast that, for a moment, with the traditional method of using a conveyor.

Usporedite to s tradicionalnim serijskim pristupom.

When one person passes the order to you,

Kada jedna osoba proslijedi narudžbu vama,

you put something in and pass it downstream.

vi stavljate nešto u nju i šaljete dalje.

Everyone has to be in place for that serial process to work.

Svi moraju biti na mjestima za takav serijski proces.

This becomes a more robust way to think about the warehouse.

To postaje robustan način razmišljanja o skladištu.

And then underneath the hoods gets interesting in that we're tracking

Iza kulisa postaje zanimljivo jer pratimo

the popularity of the products.

popularnost proizvoda.

And we're using dynamic and adaptive algorithms

Koristimo dinamične i prilagodljive algoritme

to tune the floor of the warehouse.

da ugodimo raspored u skladištu.

So what you see here potentially the week leading up to Valentine's Day.

Ovdje vidimo potencijalni tjedan prije Valentinova.

All that pink chalky candy has moved to the front of the building

Svi ti roza slatkiši su premješteni u prednji dio zgrade

and is now being picked into a lot of orders in those pick stations.

i često se pojavljuju na stanicama radnika.

Come in two days after Valentine's Day, and that candy, the leftover candy,

Dan ili dva nakon Valentinova, ostaci slatkiša

has all drifted to the back of the warehouse

su svi prebačeni u stražnji dio skladišta

and is occupying the cooler zone on the thermal map there.

i okupiraju hladniju zonu na termalnoj mapi.

One other side effect of this approach using the parallel processing

Još jedna nuspojava pristupa paralelnog procesiranja

is these things can scale to ginormous.

je što te stvari mogu postat neopisivo velike.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So whether you're doing two pick stations, 20 pick stations,

Dakle, bilo da radite sa dvije, dvadeset,

or 200 pick stations, the path planning algorithms

ili dvjesto stanica, algoritam koji planira put

and all of the inventory algorithms just work.

i svi ostali algoritmi jednostavno funkcioniraju.

In this example you see that the inventory

U ovom primjeru vidite da je cijeli inventar

has now occupied all the perimeter of the building

zauzeo cijeli obod zgrade

because that's where the pick stations were.

jer su tamo stanice.

They sorted it out for themselves.

Sami su se organizirali.

So I'll conclude with just one final video

Završit ću s jednim zadnjim videom

that shows how this comes to bear

koji pokazuje kako to utječe

on the pick worker's actual day in the life of.

na običan dan radnika.

So as we mentioned, the process is to move inventory along the highway

Kako smo spomenuli, proces je micati inventar kroz glavni put

and then find your way into these pick stations.

i pronaći svoj put do stanica.

And our software in the background

Naš softver razumije što

understands what's going on in each station,

se događa na svakoj stanici,

we direct the pods across the highway

usmjeravamo police kroz glavni put

and we're attempting to get into a queuing system

i pokušavamo doći u red čekanja

to present the work to the pick worker.

kako bi radniku donijeli posao.

What's interesting is we can even adapt the speed of the pick workers.

Zanimljivo je da možemo i odrediti brzinu radnika.

The faster pickers get more pods and the slower pickers get few.

Brži radnici dobivaju više polica, sporiji dobivaju manje.

But this pick worker now is literally having that experience

No ovaj radnik doslovno ima iskustvo

that we described before.

koje smo ranije opisali.

She puts out her hand. The product jumps into it.

Ispruži ruku i proizvod skače u nju.

Or she has to reach in and get it.

Ili mora posegnuti za njim.

She scans it and she puts it in the bucket.

Skenira ga i stavlja u kutiju.

And all of the rest of the technology is kind of behind the scenes.

Sva ostala tehnologija je iza kulisa.

So she gets to now focus on the picking and packing portion of her job.

Može se usmjeriti na dio svog posla koji uključuje uzimanje i pakiranje.

Never has any idle time, never has to leave her mat.

Nikad ne odmara, nikad ne mora napustiti svoju poziciju.

And actually we think not only a more productive

Mislimo ne samo da je produktivniji

and more accurate way to fill orders.

i precizniji način ispunjavanja narudžbi.

We think it's a more fulfilling way to fill orders.

Mislimo da je način ispunjavajuć.

The reason we can say that, though, is that workers

Možemo reći da je razlog taj što se radnici

in a lot of these buildings now compete

u više ovih zgrada sada natječu

for the privilege of working in the Kiva zone that day.

za privilegiju rada u zoni Kiva taj dan.

And sometimes we'll catch them on testimonial videos

Ponekad ih za video svjedočanstva snimimo

saying such things as,

kako govore stvari kao na primjer,

they have more energy after the day to play with their grandchildren,

da imaju više energije igrati se s unucima na kraju dana,

or in one case a guy said, "the Kiva zone is so stress-free

ili u jednom slučaju, netko je rekao da je Kiva zona toliko bez stresa

that I've actually stopped taking my blood pressure medication."

da je zapravo prestao uzimati lijekove za krvni tlak.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

That was at a pharmaceutical distributor, so they told us not to use that video.

To je bilo kod farmacijskog distributera, pa su nam rekli da ne koristimo taj video.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So what I wanted to leave you with today is the notion that

Ono što bih htio da zapamtite danas

when you let things start to think and walk

je da kada dopustite stvarima da razmišljaju i hodaju

and talk on their own, interesting processes and productivities can emerge.

samostalno, događaju se zanimljivi ishodi.

And now I think next time you go to your front step

I mislim da sljedeći put kada izađete na prag

and pick up that box that you just ordered online,

i uzmete tu kutiju koju ste naručili,

you break it open and the goo is in there,

otvorite ju i vaše stvari su tamo,

you'll have some wonderment as to whether a robot

pitat ćete se je li robot

assisted in the picking and packing of that order.

asistirao u pakiranju vaše narudžbe.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)