The simple genius of a good graphic | Tommy McCall

165,411 views ・ 2018-10-15

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Aleksandar Bošnjak
00:12
I love infographics.
0
12832
1617
Volim infografike.
00:14
As an information designer,
1
14473
1714
Kao informacioni dizajner,
00:16
I've worked with all sorts of data over the past 25 years.
2
16211
3202
radio sam sa najrazličitijim podacima tokom proteklih 25 godina.
00:19
I have a few insights to share, but first: a little history.
3
19437
3401
Imam nekoliko uvida koje ću podeliti, ali najpre malo istorije.
00:24
Communication is the encoding, transmission and decoding of information.
4
24793
4988
Komunikacija je kodiranje, prenos i dekodiranje informacija.
00:30
Breakthroughs in communication mark turning points in human culture.
5
30125
3418
Prodori u komunikaciji označavaju prekretnice u ljudskoj kulturi.
00:35
Oracy, literacy and numeracy were great developments in communication.
6
35384
4808
Govorno izražavanje, pismenost i računanje bili su veliki pomaci u komunikaciji.
00:40
They allow us to encode ideas into words
7
40216
2681
Omogućavaju nam da pretvorimo ideje u reči
00:42
and quantities into numbers.
8
42921
1713
i količine u brojeve.
00:45
Without communication, we'd still be stuck in the Stone Ages.
9
45144
3096
Bez komunikacije još bismo bili zaglavljeni u kamenom dobu.
00:49
Although humans have been around for a quarter million years,
10
49706
2906
Iako su ljudi prisutni u svetu četvrt miliona godina,
00:52
it was only 8,000 years ago that proto-writings began to surface.
11
52636
3048
tek pre oko 8 000 godina su počeli da se pojavljuju prvi oblici pisanja.
00:56
Nearly 3,000 years later, the first proper writing systems took shape.
12
56703
3916
Skoro 3 000 godina kasnije uobličeni su prvi pravi sistemi pisanja.
01:03
Maps have been around for millennia and diagrams for hundreds of years,
13
63608
4593
Mape postoje čitav milenijum, a dijagrami stotinama godina,
01:08
but representing quantities through graphics
14
68225
2834
ali predstavljanje količina preko grafikona
01:11
is a relatively new development.
15
71083
1760
je relativno novo otkriće.
01:13
It wasn't until 1786 that William Playfair invented the first bar chart,
16
73208
4858
Tek 1786. godine Vilijam Plejfer izumeo je prvi stupčani grafikon,
01:18
giving birth to visual display of quantitative information.
17
78090
3694
čime je doneo na svet vizuelni prikaz kvantitativnih informacija.
01:22
Fifteen years later, he introduced the first pie and area charts.
18
82980
3801
Petnaest godina kasnije je predstavio prve kružne i površinske grafikone.
01:27
His inventions are still the most commonly used chart forms today.
19
87225
3553
Njegovi izumi su i dan-danas najčešće korišćene vrste grafikona.
01:32
Florence Nightingale invented the coxcomb in 1857
20
92698
4198
Florens Najtingejl je izumela polarni dijagram 1857. godine
01:36
for a presentation to Queen Victoria on troop mortality.
21
96920
2908
za prezentaciju kraljici Viktoriji na temu mortaliteta u vojsci.
01:40
Highlighted in blue,
22
100193
1172
Istaknuto plavom bojom,
01:41
she showed how most troops' deaths could have been prevented.
23
101389
3497
pokazala je kako se većina smrtnih slučajeva u vojsci mogla izbeći.
01:47
Shortly after, Charles Minard charted Napoleon's march on Moscow,
24
107461
4653
Ubrzo nakon toga, Šarl Minard je napravio grafikon Napoleonovog marša na Moskvu,
01:52
illustrating how an army of 422,000 dwindled to just 10,000
25
112138
5247
čime je ilustrovao kako se vojska od 422 000 ljudi smanjila na svega 10 000
01:57
as battles, geography and freezing temperatures took their toll.
26
117409
4452
kako su bitke, geografija i niske temperature uzimale danak.
02:01
He combined a Sankey diagram with cartography
27
121885
3128
Spojio je Sankijev dijagram sa kartografijom
02:05
and a line chart for temperature.
28
125037
1748
i linijskim grafikonom za temperaturu.
02:09
I get excited when I get lots of data to play with,
29
129084
2754
Uzbudim se kada dobijem mnogo podataka za igranje,
02:11
especially when it yields an interesting chart form.
30
131862
2842
naročito kada daju zanimljiv oblik grafikona.
02:17
Here, Nightingale's coxcomb was the inspiration
31
137364
3637
Ovde je Najtingejlin polarni dijagram poslužio kao inspiracija
za organizaciju podataka o hiljadama federalnih subvencija za energiju,
02:21
to organize data on thousands of federal energy subsidies,
32
141025
3239
02:24
scrutinizing the lack of investment in renewables over fossil fuels.
33
144288
3908
preispitujući nedostatke ulaganja u obnovljiva u odnosu na fosilna goriva.
02:30
This Sankey diagram illustrates the flow of energy through the US economy,
34
150543
4212
Sankijev dijagram ilustruje protok energije kroz ekonomiju SAD-a,
02:34
emphasizing how nearly half of the energy used is lost as waste heat.
35
154779
4317
naglašavajući kako je gotovo polovina iskorišćene energije protraćena toplota.
02:42
I love it when data can be sculpted into beautiful shapes.
36
162598
3176
Volim kada se podaci mogu oblikovati u lepe oblike.
02:45
Here, the personal and professional connections of the women of Silicon Valley
37
165798
4432
Ovde se od ličnih i profesionalnih veza žena u Silicijumskoj dolini
02:50
can be woven into arcs,
38
170254
1892
mogu istkati lukovi,
02:54
same as the collaboration of inventors birthing patents across the globe
39
174519
3795
isto kao što se saradnja pronalazača koji su proizveli patente širom sveta
02:58
can be mapped.
40
178338
1343
može predstaviti kao mapa.
03:01
I've even made charts for me.
41
181385
1804
Čak sam napravio i grafikone za sebe.
03:03
I'm a numbers person, so I rarely win at Scrabble.
42
183213
2513
Ja se bolje snalazim sa brojevima, pa retko pobeđujem u „Skreblu“.
03:06
I made this diagram to remember all the two- and three-letter words
43
186250
3226
Napravio sam dijagram da bih se setio svih reči od dva ili tri slova
03:09
in the official Scrabble dictionary.
44
189500
1776
u zvaničnom „Skreblovom“ rečniku.
03:11
(Laughter)
45
191300
1081
(Smeh)
03:12
Knowing these 1,168 words certainly is a game changer.
46
192405
2854
Poznavanje ovih 1 168 reči zasigurno značajno menja situaciju.
03:15
(Laughter)
47
195283
1014
(Smeh)
03:16
Sometimes I produce code to quickly generate graphics
48
196851
3589
Ponekad napravim kôd da bih brzo proizveo grafike
03:20
from thousands of data points.
49
200464
1792
iz hiljada podataka.
03:23
Coding also enables me to produce interactive graphics.
50
203659
3095
Kodiranje mi takođe omogućava da proizvedem interaktivne grafike.
03:26
Now we can navigate information on our own terms.
51
206778
3302
Sada možemo da se krećemo kroz informacije prema sopstvenom nahođenju.
Svakako da egzotični oblici grafikona izgledaju kul,
03:32
Exotic chart forms certainly look cool,
52
212064
2246
03:34
but something as simple as a little dot may be all you need
53
214334
2877
ali ponekad je nešto tako prosto poput tačkice sve što vam treba
03:37
to solve a particular thinking task.
54
217235
2097
da biste rešili određeni misaoni zadatak.
03:41
In 2006, the "New York Times" redesigned their "Markets" section,
55
221713
4070
Godine 2006. „Njujork Tajms“ promenio je dizajn svog odeljka o tržištima,
03:45
cutting it down from eight pages of stock listings
56
225807
2447
tako što ga je skratio sa osam stranica spiskova akcija
03:48
to just one and a half pages of essential market data.
57
228278
2897
na samo jednu i po stranicu osnovnih tržišnih podataka.
03:52
We listed performance metrics for the most common stocks,
58
232313
2989
Naveli smo pokazatelje učinka za najčešće deonice,
03:55
but I wanted to help investors see how the stocks are doing.
59
235326
3756
ali želeo sam da pomognem ulagačima da vide kako akcije napreduju.
03:59
So I added a simple little dot
60
239106
2720
Zato sam dodao jednostavnu tačkicu,
04:01
to show the current price relative to its one-year range.
61
241850
3082
da bih prikazao trenutnu cenu u odnosu na njen opseg u toku jedne godine.
04:06
At a glance, value investors can pick out stocks trading near their lows
62
246505
3907
Ulagači usmereni na vrednost mogu na prvi pogled da odaberu akcije
koje se prodaju po nižoj ceni tako što će tražiti tačke levo.
04:10
by looking for dots to the left.
63
250436
1868
04:12
Momentum investors can find stocks on an upward trajectory
64
252951
3467
Ulagači usmereni na kontinuirani rast mogu pronaći akcije sa uzlaznom putanjom
04:16
via dots to the right.
65
256442
1459
pomoću tačkica na desnoj strani.
04:18
Shortly after, the "Wall Street Journal" copied the design.
66
258354
2825
Ubrzo potom, „Vol Strit žurnal“ kopirao je ovaj dizajn.
04:21
Simplicity is often the goal for most graphics,
67
261930
2409
Jednostavnost je često cilj za većinu grafikona,
04:24
but sometimes we need to embrace complexity
68
264363
2739
ali ponekad moramo da pribegnemo složenosti
04:27
and show large data sets in their full glory.
69
267126
3153
i pokažemo velike skupove podataka u njihovom punom sjaju.
04:32
Alec Gallup, the former chairman of the Gallup Organization,
70
272897
3152
Alek Galup, bivši predsednik organizacije Galup,
04:36
once handed me a very thick book.
71
276073
1987
jednom mi je dao veoma obimnu knjigu.
04:38
It was his family's legacy:
72
278084
1302
Bila je to zaostavština njegove porodice,
04:39
hundreds of pages covering six decades of presidential approval data.
73
279410
4360
stotine strana koje pokrivaju šest dekada podataka o rejtingu predsednika.
04:44
I told him the entire book could be graphed on a single page.
74
284170
2924
Rekao sam mu da se čitava knjiga može predstaviti grafikonom na jednoj strani.
04:47
"Impossible," he said.
75
287118
1380
„Nemoguće“, rekao je.
04:50
And here it is:
76
290992
1164
I evo,
04:52
25,000 data points on a single page.
77
292180
2812
25 000 podataka na jednoj strani.
04:55
At a glance, one sees that most presidents start with a high approval rating,
78
295016
3766
Na prvi pogled se može videti da većina predsednika počinje visokim rejtingom,
04:58
but few keep it.
79
298806
1413
ali samo nekolicina ga zadrži.
05:00
Events like wars initially boost approval;
80
300243
2255
Događaji poput ratova u početku poboljšaju rejting,
05:02
scandals trigger declines.
81
302522
1858
a skandali podstiču pogoršanje.
05:05
These major events were annotated in the graphic but not in the book.
82
305090
3504
Ovi značajni događaji su zabeleženi na grafikonu, ali ne i u knjizi.
05:09
The point is, graphics can transmit data with incredible efficiency.
83
309315
3662
Poenta je da grafikoni mogu prenositi podatke uz neverovatnu efikasnost.
05:16
Graphicacy --
84
316233
1189
Grafičnost -
05:17
the ability to read and write graphics --
85
317446
2385
sposobnost čitanja i pisanja grafikona -
05:19
is still in its infancy.
86
319855
1597
još je u svom začetku.
05:21
New chart forms will emerge and specialized dialects will evolve.
87
321476
4045
Novi oblici grafikona će se pojaviti i razviće se specijalizovani dijalekti.
05:25
Graphics that help us think faster
88
325876
1694
Grafikoni koji nam pomažu da brže razmišljamo
05:27
or see a book's worth of information on a single page
89
327594
3315
ili da vidimo informacije čitave knjige na jednoj jedinoj strani
05:30
are the key to unlocking new discoveries.
90
330933
3455
predstavljaju ključ novih otkrića.
05:35
Our visual cortex was built to decode complex information
91
335134
3678
Naš vizuelni korteks je stvoren da dešifruje složene informacije
05:38
and is a master at pattern recognition.
92
338836
2580
i majstor je u prepozavanju šablona.
05:41
Graphicacy enables us to harness our built-in GPU
93
341440
3436
Grafičnost nam omogućava da iskoristimo svoj urođeni grafički procesor
05:44
to process mountains of data
94
344900
1660
kako bismo obradili gomile podataka
05:46
and find the veins of gold hiding within.
95
346584
2078
i u njima našli skriveno blago.
05:49
Thank you.
96
349204
1150
Hvala vam.
05:50
(Applause and cheers)
97
350378
2773
(Aplauz i klicanje)
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7