Bruno Torturra: Got a smartphone? Start broadcasting

Prevodilac: Stefan Zrnović Lektor: Mile Živković

Has anyone among you ever been exposed to tear gas?

Da li je iko od vas bio izložen suzavcu?

Tear gas? Anyone?

Suzavac? Iko?

I'm sorry to hear that, so you might know that it's a very toxic substance,

Žao mi je što to čujem, te možda znate da je to veoma toksična supstanca

but you might not know that it's a very simple molecule

ali možda ne znate da je to veoma jednostavan molekul

with an unpronouncable name:

sa neizgovorivim imenom.

it's called chlorobenzalmalononitrile.

Zove se hlorobenzalmalononitril.

Uspeo sam.

It's decades old, but it's becoming very trendy among police forces

Decenijama je star, ali postaje veoma popularan među policijskim snagama

around the planet lately, it seems,

širom planete u poslednje vreme, izgleda

and according to my experience as a non-voluntary breather of it,

i prema mom iskustvu nevoljnog udisanja,

tear gas has two main but quite opposite effects.

suzavac ima dva glavna, ali prilično suprotna efekta.

One, it can really burn your eyes,

Jedan, može da vam skroz sprži oči,

and two, it can also help you to open them.

i drugi, može da vam pomogne da ih otvorite.

Tear gas definitely helped to open mine to something

Suzavac mi je definitivno pomogao da otvorim svoje prema nečemu

that I want to share with you this afternoon:

što želim da podelim sa vama ovog popodneva:

that livestreaming the power of independent broadcasts through the web

da živi prenos snage nezavisnog emitovanja putem mreže

can be a game-changer in journalism,

može biti faktor promene pravila u novinarstvu,

in activism, and as I see it, in the political discourse as well.

u aktivizmu, i kao što vidim, i u političkoj raspravi.

That idea started to dawn on me in early 2011

Ta ideja je počela da me opseda početkom 2011. godine

when I was covering a protest in São Paulo.

kada sam pokrivao protest u Sao Paulu.

It was the marijuana march,

Bio je to marš marihuane,

a gathering of people asking for the legalization of cannabis.

okupljanje ljudi koji su tražili legalizaciju kanabisa.

When that group started to move,

Kada je ta grupa krenula da se pokreće,

the riot police came from the back with rubber bullets, bombs,

policija je došla s leđa sa gumenim mecima, bombama,

and then the gas.

a onda suzavcem.

But to make a long story short,

Ali da bih skratio dugu priču,

I had entered that protest as the editor-in-chief

ušao sam u taj protest kao glavni urednik

of a well-established printed magazine where I'd worked for 11 years,

prestižnog štampanog časopisa gde sam radio oko 11 godina

and thanks to this unsolicited effects of tear gas,

i zahvaljujući nezaustavljivom efektu suzavca,

I left it as a journalist that was now committed to new ways

napustio sam ga kao novinar koji je sada posvećen novim načinima

of sharing the raw experience of what it's like to be there, actually.

deljenja sirovih iskustava onoga što se tamo zapravo dešava.

So in the following week, I was back in the streets,

U narednoj nedelji, bio sam nazad na ulicama,

but that time, I wasn't a member of any media outlet anymore.

ali u to vreme nisam više bio član medijskog odeljenja.

I was there as an independent livestreamer, and all I had with me

Bio sam tamo kao nezavisni izveštač, i sve što sam imao sa sobom

was basically borrowed equipment.

je bila pozajmljena oprema.

I had a very simple camera and a backpack with 3G modems.

Imao sam veoma jednostavnu kameru i ranac sa 3G modemima.

And I had this weblink that could be shared through social media,

Imao sam ovaj internet link koji je mogao da se deli putem socijalnih mreža

could be put in any website,

koji bi mogao biti stavljen na bilo koji internet sajt

and that time, the protest went along fine.

i tada je protest tekao dobro.

There was no violence.

Nije bilo nasilja.

There was no action scenes.

Nije bilo scena akcije.

But there was something really exciting,

Ali je bilo nečega veoma uzbudljivog,

because I could see at a distance the TV channels covering it,

jer sam mogao da vidim iz daljine da ga pokrivaju TV stanice

and they had these big vans and the teams and the cameras,

i imali su ove velike kamione, timove i kamere,

and I was basically doing the same thing

i zapravo sam radio istu stvar,

and all I had was a backpack.

a sve što sam imao je ranac.

And that was really exciting to a journalist,

To je zaista bilo uzbudljivo za novinara,

but the most interesting part was when I got back home, actually,

ali najinteresantniji deo je bio kada sam se vratio kući,

because I learned that I had been watched

jer sam shvatio da me je posmatralo

by more than 90,000 people,

više od 90 000 ljudi,

and I got hundreds of emails and messages of people asking me, basically,

i primio sam stotine imejlova i poruka ljudi koji su me pitali,

how did I do it,

kako sam zapravo to izveo,

how it was possible to do such a thing.

kako je bilo moguće uraditi takvu stvar.

And I learned something else, that that was actually the first time

I shvatio sam nešto drugo, da je to zapravo bio prvi put

that somebody had ever done a livestreaming in a street protest

da je neko ikada uradio prenos uličnog protesta uživo

in the country.

u zemlji.

And that really shocked me,

To me je stvarno šokiralo,

because I was no geek, I was no technology guy,

jer nisam bio štreber, nisam bio tehnološki tip,

and all the equipment needed was already there,

a sva neophodna oprema je već bila tu,

was easily available.

i bila je lako dostupna.

And I realized that we had a frontier here,

I shvatio sam da smo ovde imali granicu,

a very important one,

veoma važnu,

that it was just a matter of changing the perspective,

da je bilo samo pitanje promene perspektive,

and the web could be actually used,

a mreža bi mogla biti iskorišćena,

already used, as a colossal and uncontrollable

zapravo korišćena kao ogromna i nekontrolisana

and highly anarchical TV channel, TV network,

i veoma anarhična TV stanica, TV mreža,

and anyone with very basic skills and very basic equipment,

i svako sa najosnovnijim veštinama i najosnovnijom opremom,

even someone like me who had this little stuttering issue,

čak i neko poput mene ko je imao problem s mucanjem,

so if it happens, bear with me please,

pa ako se dogodi, izdržite molim vas,

even someone like me could become a broadcaster.

čak i neko poput mene mogao bi da postane reporter.

And that sounded revolutionary in my mind.

I to je zvučalo revolucionarno u mojoj glavi.

So for the next couple of years,

U narednih par godina,

I started to experiment with livestreaming in different ways,

počeo sam da eksperimentišem sa prenosom uživo na različite načine,

not only in the streets but mostly in studios and in homes,

ne samo na ulicama već i u studijima i kućama,

until the beginning of 2013, last year,

do početka prošle, 2013. godine,

when I became the cofounder of a group called Mídia NINJA.

kada sam postao suosnivač grupe po imenu Midia NINJA.

NINJA is an acronym

NINJA je akronim

that stands for Narrativas Independentes Jornalismo e Ação,

za "Narrativas Independentes Jornalismo e Ação",

or in English, independent narratives, journalism, and action.

ili na srpskom, "nezavisno pričanje, novinarsvo i akcija."

It was a media group that had little media plan.

Bila je to medijska grupa koja je imala mali medijski plan.

We didn't have any financial structure.

Nismo imali nikakvu finansijsku strukturu.

We were not planning to make money out of this,

Nismo planirali da zaradimo od ovoga,

which was wise, because you shouldn't try to make money out of journalism now.

što je bilo pametno, jer sada ne treba da pravite pare od novinarstva.

But we had a very solid and clear conviction,

Ipak smo imali veoma čisto i jasno uverenje,

that we knew that the hyperconnected environment of social media

znali smo da bi hiperpovezano okruženje društvenih mreža

could maybe allow us to consolidate

možda moglo da nam omogući da učvrstimo

a network of experimental journalists throughout the country.

mrežu eksperimentalnog novinarstva širom žemlje.

So we launched a Facebook page first, and then a manifesto,

Stoga smo prvo pokrenuli Fejsbuk stranicu, a onda i proglas,

and started to cover the streets in a very simple way.

i počeli smo da pokrivamo ulice na jako jednostavan način.

But then something happened, something that wasn't predicted,

Ali se onda nešto dogodilo, nešto neočekivano,

that no one could have anticipated.

nešto što niko nije mogao da nasluti.

Street protests started to erupt in São Paulo.

Ulični protesti su počeli da izbijaju u Sao Paulu.

They began as very local and specific.

Počeli su kao izrazito lokalni i specifični.

They were against the bus fare hike that had just happened in the city.

Bili su protiv naplate vožnje autobusom koja je upravo počela u gradu.

This is a bus.

Ovo je autobus.

It's written there, "Theft."

Ovde piše: "Krađa."

But those kind of manifestations started to grow,

Ali te vrste manifestacija su počele da rastu,

and they kept happening.

i nastavile su da se održavaju.

So the police violence against them started to grow as well.

Policijsko nasilje protiv njih je počelo takođe da raste.

But there was another conflict,

Tu je bio i drugi konflikt,

the one I believe that's more important here

onaj koji ovde smatram važnijim

to make my point that it was a narrative conflict.

za isticanje onoga što je bio pripovedački konflikt.

There was this mainstream media version of the facts

Postojale su činjenice koje su plasirali mejnstrim mediji,

that anyone who was on the streets could easily challenge

koje je svako ko je bio na ulicama mogao lako da izazove

if they presented their own vision of what was actually happening there.

ako bi predstavio svoju sopstvenu viziju onoga što se zapravo ovde dešavalo.

And it was this clash of visions, this clash of narratives,

I postojao je sukob vizija, ovaj sukob pripovedanja,

that I think turned those protests

koji smatram da je pretvorio te proteste

into a long period in the country of political reckoning

u dug period političkog obračunavanja u zemlji

where hundreds of thousands of people,

gde su stotine hiljada ljudi,

probably more than a million people

verovatno više od milion ljudi,

took to the streets in the whole country.

izašle na ulice širom zemlje.

But it wasn't about the bus fare hike anymore.

Ali nije se više radilo o naplati vožnje autobusom.

It was about everything.

Radilo se o svačemu.

The people's demands, their expectations,

Zahtevi ljudi, njihova očekivanja,

the reasons why they were on the streets

razlozi zašto su bili na ulicama bi mogli da budu

could be as diverse as they could be contradictory in many cases.

različiti kao i što su mogli da budu kontradiktorni u mnogim slučajevima.

If you could read it, you would understand me.

Kada biste mogli da ovo da pročitate, razumeli biste me.

But it was in this environment of political catharsis

Ovo okruženje političke katarze

that the country was going through

kroz koju je zemlja prolazila

that it had to do with politics, indeed,

moralo je da bude povezano sa politikom,

but it had to do also with a new way of organizing,

ali takođe i sa novim načinima organizovanja,

through a new way of communicating.

kroz novi način komunikacije.

It was in that environment that Mídia NINJA emerged

U tom okruženju se Midia NINJA izdigao

from almost anonymity to become a national phenomenon,

skoro od anonimnosti da bi postao nacionalni fenomen,

because we did have the right equipment.

jer smo imali pravu opremu.

We are not using big cameras.

Ne koristimo velike kamere.

We are using basically this.

Zapravo koristimo ovo.

We are using smartphones.

Koristimo pametne telefone.

And that, actually, allowed us to become invisible in the middle of the protests,

I ovo nam je u stvari omogućilo da postanemo nevidljivi u sred protesta,

but it allowed us to do something else:

ali nam je omogućilo i da uradimo nešto drugo:

to show what it was like to be in the protests,

da pokažemo kako izgleda biti u protestu,

to present to people at home a subjective perspective.

da bismo predstavili ljudima kod kuće subjektivnu perspektivu.

But there was something that is more important,

Ali tu je bilo nešto što je važnije,

I think, than the equipment.

mislim čak više i od opreme.

It was our mindset,

To je bio način ramišljanja,

because we are not behaving as a media outlet.

jer se ne ponašamo kao javno glasilo.

We are not competing for news.

Ne takmičimo se za vesti.

We are trying to encourage people,

Pokušavamo da ohrabrimo ljude,

to invite people, and to actually teach people

da ih pozovemo i da ih zapravo naučimo

how to do this, how they also could become broadcasters.

kako da koriste ovo i kako oni mogu da postanu reporteri.

And that was crucial to turn Mídia NINJA from a small group of people,

Ovo je bio prelomni preokret Midia Ninja-e od male grupe ljudi,

and in a matter of weeks,

i tokom nekoliko nedelja, porasli smo

we multiplied and we grew exponentially throughout the country.

nekoliko puta i eksponencijalno se proširili širom zemlje.

So in a matter of a week or two, as the protests kept happening,

U roku od nedelje ili dve, kako su protesti nastavili da se održavaju,

we were hundreds of young people

bilo je stotine mladih ljudi

connected in this network throughout the country.

povezanih na ovoj mreži širom zemlje.

We were covering more than 50 cities at the same time.

Pokrivali smo više od 50 gradova u isto vreme.

That's something that no TV channel could ever do.

To je nešto što nijedna TV stanica ne bi mogla ikada da uradi.

That was responsible for turning us suddenly, actually,

Ovo je bilo presudno da nas iznenada preobrati,

into kind of the mainstream media of social media.

u neku vrstu mejnstrim medija društvenih mreža.

So we had a couple of thousands of followers on our Facebook page,

Imali smo par hiljada pratilaca na svojoj Fejsbuk stranici,

and soon we had a quarter of a million followers.

i uskoro smo imali četvrtinu miliona pratilaca.

Our posts and our videos

Naše objave i video klipovi

were being seen by more than 11 million timelines a week.

su bili viđeni više od 11 miliona puta u nedelji.

It was way more than any newspaper or any magazine could ever do.

Bilo je mnogo više nego što bi neke novine ili časopis uspeli da urade.

And that turned Mídia NINJA into something else,

I to je pretvorilo Media Ninja-u u nešto drugo,

more than a media outlet, than a media project.

više od javnog glasila, više od medijskog projekta.

It became almost like a public service

Postalo je skoro kao javni servis

to the citizen, to the protester,

građana, protestanata,

to the activist,

aktivista,

because they had a very simple and efficient and peaceful tool

jer su imali veoma jedostavan, efikasan i miran alat

to confront both police and media authority.

za sukob sa policijskim i medijskim autoritetom.

Many of our images started to be used in regular TV channels.

Mnoge od naših slika su počele da se koriste na glavnim TV stanicama.

Our livestreams started to be broadcast even in regular televisions

Naši prenosi uživo su počeli da se emituju

when things got really rough.

kada su stvari postale veoma ozbiljne.

Some our images were responsible to take some people out of jail,

Zbog nekih od naših slika ljudi su izašli iz zatvora,

people who were being arrested unfairly

ljudi koji su bili neprevedno zatočeni

under false accusations, and we could prove them innocent.

zbog lažnih optužbi, a mi smo mogli da dokažemo da su nevini.

And that also turned Mídia NINJA very soon

To je uskoro preokrenulo sliku Medija NINJA-e

to be seen as almost an enemy of cops, unfortunately,

da bude posmatrana kao policijski neprijatelj, nažalost,

and we started to be severely beaten, and eventually arrested on the streets.

a nas su na ulici bezočno tukli i na kraju i hapsili.

It happened in many cases.

Dešavalo se u mnogim slučajevima.

But that was also useful, because we were still at the web,

Ali je to takođe bilo korisno, jer smo i dalje bili na mreži,

so that helped to trigger an important debate in the country

te je to pomoglo da podstaknemo važnu debatu u zemlji

on the role of the media itself

o ulozi samih medija

and the state of the freedom of the press in the country.

i o stanju slobode štampe u zemlji.

So Mídia NINJA now evolved

Tako se Midia NINJA razvio

and finally consolidated itself in what we hoped it would become:

i konačno učvrstio u ono što smo se nadali da će postati:

a national network of hundreds of young people,

nacionalna mreža stotina mladih ljudi,

self-organizing themselves locally

lokalno samoorganizovanih

to cover social, human rights issues,

da pokriju socijalne probleme i probleme ljudskih prava,

and expressing themselves not only politically

i izražavaju se ne samo politički

but journalistically.

već i novinarski.

What I started to do in the beginning of this year,

Početkom ove godine,

as Mídia NINJA is already a self-organizing network,

pošto je Midia NINJA uveliko samoorganizujuća mreža,

I'm dedicating myself to another project.

počeo sam da se posvećujem drugom projektu.

It's called Fluxo, which is Portuguese for "stream."

Zove se Flukso, što na portugalskom znači "prenos".

It's a journalism studio in São Paulo downtown,

To je novinarski studio u centru Sao Paula,

where I used livestream to experiment

gde sam prenosio uživo kako bih eksperimentisao

with what I call post-television formats.

sa onim što nazivam posttelevizijskim formatima.

But I'm also trying to come up with ways to finance independent journalism

Ali takođe pokušavam da smislim načine za finansiranje nezavisnog novinarstva

through a direct relationship with an audience,

kroz direktnu vezu sa publikom,

with an active audience,

sa aktivnom publikom,

because now I really want to try to make a living

jer sada zaista želim da pokušam da se izdržavam

out of my tear gas resolution back then.

od svoje tadašnje odluke vezane za suzavac.

But there's something more significant here,

Ali ovde postoji nešto značajnije,

something that I believe is more important and more crucial than my personal example.

nešto što verujem da je važnije i presudnije od mog ličnog primera.

I said that livestream could turn the web into a colossal TV network,

Rekao sam da bi prenos uživo mogao da pretvori mrežu u ogromnu TV mrežu,

but I believe it does something else,

ali verujem da on radi nešto drugo,

because after watching people using it,

jer nakon posmatranja ljudi kako je koriste

not only to cover things but to express, to organize themselves politically,

ne samo da bi pokrili stvari, već da izraze, da se politički organizuju,

I believe livestream can turn cyberspace into a global political arena

verujem da prenos uživo može da pretvori sajberprostor u globalnu političku arenu

where everyone might have a voice,

gde bi svako mogao da ima glas,

a proper voice,

pravi glas,

because livestream takes the monopoly of the broadcast political discourse,

jer prenos uživo preuzima monopol emitovanja političkog diskursa,

of the verbal aspect of the political dialogue

verbalnog aspekta političkog dijaloga

out of the mouths of just politicians and political pundits alone,

van dometa političara i političkih učenika,

and it empowers the citizen through this direct and non-mediated power

i osnažuje građanina kroz ovu direktnu i neposrednu snagu

of exchanging experiences and dialogue,

razmene iskustava i dijaloga,

empowers them to question and to influence authorities

osnažuje ih da preispituju i utiču na vlasti

in ways in which we are about to see.

na načine koje ćemo tek videti.

And I believe it does something else that might be even more important,

Verujem da to čini nešto drugo što bi moglo biti čak i važnije

that the simplicity of the technology can merge objectivity and subjectivity

da jednostavnost tehnologije može da sjedini objektivnost i subjektivnost

in a very political way, as I see it,

na politički način, kao što ga ja vidim,

because it really helps the audience,

jer veoma pomaže publici,

the citizen, to see the world through somebody else's eye,

građaninu da vidi svet kroz tuđe oči,

so it helps the citizen to put him- or herself

te mu pomaže da se postavi

in other people's place.

na tuđe mesto.

And that idea, I think, should be the intention,

Mislim da ova ideja treba da bude namera,

should be the goal of any good journalism, any good activism,

cilj svakog dobrog novinarstva, svakog dobrog aktivizma,

but most of all, any good politics.

ali pre svega, svake dobre politike.

Thank you very much. It was an honor.

Hvala vam mnogo. Bila mi je čast.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)