Bruno Torturra: Got a smartphone? Start broadcasting

128,358 views ใƒป 2014-12-18

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: eviatar edlerman
00:12
Has anyone among you ever been exposed to tear gas?
0
12739
4579
ื”ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ื™ื ื›ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ืฉืฃ ืคืขื ืœื’ื– ืžื“ืžื™ืข?
00:17
Tear gas? Anyone?
1
17318
3115
ื’ื– ืžื“ืžื™ืข? ืžื™ืฉื”ื•?
00:20
I'm sorry to hear that, so you might know that it's a very toxic substance,
2
20433
4571
ืื ื™ ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื–ื”, ืื– ืืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื–ื” ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืจืขื™ืœ,
00:25
but you might not know that it's a very simple molecule
3
25004
3424
ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื–ื• ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื” ืžืžืฉ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”
00:28
with an unpronouncable name:
4
28428
2214
ืขื ืฉื ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื˜ื:
00:30
it's called chlorobenzalmalononitrile.
5
30642
3120
ื”ื™ื ื ืงืจืืช ื›ืœื•ืจื•ื‘ื ื–ืœืžืœื•ื ื•ื ื™ื˜ืจื™ืœ.
00:33
6
33762
2017
ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™.
00:35
It's decades old, but it's becoming very trendy among police forces
7
35779
5358
ื”ื™ื ื‘ืช ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืžืื•ื“ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื˜ืจื”
00:41
around the planet lately, it seems,
8
41137
2879
ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื›ืš ื ืจืื”,
00:44
and according to my experience as a non-voluntary breather of it,
9
44016
4737
ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื›ื ื•ืฉื ืœื ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื”,
00:48
tear gas has two main but quite opposite effects.
10
48753
4273
ืœื’ื– ืžื“ืžื™ืข ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคื•ื›ื•ืช.
00:53
One, it can really burn your eyes,
11
53026
3142
ืื—ืช, ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื,
00:56
and two, it can also help you to open them.
12
56168
3275
ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืื•ืชืŸ.
01:00
Tear gas definitely helped to open mine to something
13
60603
3589
ื’ื– ืžื“ืžื™ืข ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืขื–ืจ ืœื™ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ืฉืœื™ ืœืžืฉื”ื•
01:04
that I want to share with you this afternoon:
14
64192
3740
ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืื™ืชื›ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื ื”ื–ื”:
01:07
that livestreaming the power of independent broadcasts through the web
15
67932
5294
ืฉืกื˜ื™ืจื™ืžื™ื ื’ ื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
01:13
can be a game-changer in journalism,
16
73226
3181
ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืœืœื™ ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช,
01:16
in activism, and as I see it, in the political discourse as well.
17
76407
6342
ื‘ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื–ื, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื–ื”, ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื’ื ื›ืŸ.
01:22
That idea started to dawn on me in early 2011
18
82749
4773
ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื•ื•ืจ ืœื™ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 2011
01:27
when I was covering a protest in Sรฃo Paulo.
19
87522
3538
ื›ืฉืชื™ืขื“ืชื™ ืžื—ืื” ื‘ืกืŸ ืคืื•ืœื•.
01:31
It was the marijuana march,
20
91060
1988
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆืขื“ ื”ืžืจื™ื—ื•ืื ื”,
01:33
a gathering of people asking for the legalization of cannabis.
21
93048
3962
ื”ืชืืกืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืงื ื‘ื™ืก ืœื—ื•ืงื™.
01:37
When that group started to move,
22
97010
2465
ื›ืฉื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื ื•ืข,
01:39
the riot police came from the back with rubber bullets, bombs,
23
99475
4310
ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืžืื—ื•ืจ ืขื ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ ื’ื•ืžื™, ืคืฆืฆื•ืช,
01:43
and then the gas.
24
103785
1759
ื•ืื– ื”ื’ื–.
01:46
But to make a long story short,
25
106184
2018
ืื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ,
01:48
I had entered that protest as the editor-in-chief
26
108202
3889
ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืžื—ืื” ื”ื”ื™ื ื›ืขื•ืจืš ื”ืจืืฉื™
01:52
of a well-established printed magazine where I'd worked for 11 years,
27
112091
4773
ืฉืœ ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ืคืก ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื‘ื• ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ 11 ืฉื ื”,
01:56
and thanks to this unsolicited effects of tear gas,
28
116864
4912
ื•ืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื– ืžื“ืžื™ืข,
02:01
I left it as a journalist that was now committed to new ways
29
121776
4933
ืขื–ื‘ืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ื›ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื—ืœื•ืง ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
02:06
of sharing the raw experience of what it's like to be there, actually.
30
126709
5943
ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื, ืœืžืขืฉื”.
02:12
So in the following week, I was back in the streets,
31
132652
3840
ืื– ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืœืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช,
02:16
but that time, I wasn't a member of any media outlet anymore.
32
136492
4063
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืขื, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:20
I was there as an independent livestreamer, and all I had with me
33
140555
4621
ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื ื›ืกื˜ื™ืจื™ืžืจ ื—ื™ ืขืฆืžืื™, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื™ืชื™
02:25
was basically borrowed equipment.
34
145176
2136
ื”ื™ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืžื•ืฉืืœ.
02:27
I had a very simple camera and a backpack with 3G modems.
35
147312
6054
ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืžืฆืœืžื” ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ืชื™ืง ื’ื‘ ืขื ืžื•ื“ืžื™ 3G.
02:33
And I had this weblink that could be shared through social media,
36
153366
5625
ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉื™ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื“ืจืš ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
02:38
could be put in any website,
37
158991
2877
ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืืชืจ,
02:41
and that time, the protest went along fine.
38
161868
3029
ื•ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื–ื•, ื”ืžื—ืื” ื”ืชืงื“ืžื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
02:44
There was no violence.
39
164897
1849
ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืืœื™ืžื•ืช.
02:46
There was no action scenes.
40
166746
2089
ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืกืฆื ื•ืช ืืงืฉืŸ.
02:48
But there was something really exciting,
41
168835
2439
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืžืฉ ืžืจื’ืฉ,
02:51
because I could see at a distance the TV channels covering it,
42
171274
4850
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืขืจื•ืฆื™ ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืžืกืงืจื™ื ืืช ื–ื”,
02:56
and they had these big vans and the teams and the cameras,
43
176124
4024
ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ื•ืื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช,
03:00
and I was basically doing the same thing
44
180148
2479
ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ
03:02
and all I had was a backpack.
45
182627
2776
ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื–ื” ืชืจืžื™ืœ.
03:05
And that was really exciting to a journalist,
46
185403
3275
ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืจื’ืฉ ืœืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™,
03:08
but the most interesting part was when I got back home, actually,
47
188678
4381
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจืชื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”, ืœืžืขืฉื”,
03:13
because I learned that I had been watched
48
193059
2827
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉืฆืคื• ื‘ื™
03:15
by more than 90,000 people,
49
195886
3104
ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 90,000 ืื ืฉื™ื,
03:18
and I got hundreds of emails and messages of people asking me, basically,
50
198990
4905
ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืื•ืช ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ,
03:23
how did I do it,
51
203895
1400
ืื™ืš ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”,
03:25
how it was possible to do such a thing.
52
205295
3316
ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ.
03:28
And I learned something else, that that was actually the first time
53
208611
3273
ื•ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
03:31
that somebody had ever done a livestreaming in a street protest
54
211884
5138
ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื™ ืคืขื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื”ืคื’ื ืช ืจื—ื•ื‘
03:37
in the country.
55
217022
1574
ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
03:39
And that really shocked me,
56
219216
2542
ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื“ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื™,
03:41
because I was no geek, I was no technology guy,
57
221758
3778
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื’ื™ืง, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื™ืฉ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™,
03:45
and all the equipment needed was already there,
58
225536
2759
ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืฉื“ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื,
03:48
was easily available.
59
228295
2206
ื•ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ ืœื”ืฉื’ื”.
03:50
And I realized that we had a frontier here,
60
230501
3116
ื•ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ื—ื–ื™ืช ืคื”,
03:53
a very important one,
61
233617
1463
ืื—ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”,
03:55
that it was just a matter of changing the perspective,
62
235080
3157
ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜,
03:58
and the web could be actually used,
63
238237
2229
ื•ื”ืจืฉืช ื™ื›ืœื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืฉืžืฉ,
04:00
already used, as a colossal and uncontrollable
64
240466
3442
ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ื›ืจืฉืช ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื”
04:03
and highly anarchical TV channel, TV network,
65
243908
3813
ืื ืจื›ื™ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื•ืœืœื ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”, ืขืจื•ืฅ ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ื ื™,
04:07
and anyone with very basic skills and very basic equipment,
66
247721
5184
ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืขื ื›ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื•ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™,
04:12
even someone like me who had this little stuttering issue,
67
252905
5843
ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื•ื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ื’ืžื’ื•ื ืงืœื”,
04:18
so if it happens, bear with me please,
68
258748
4125
ืื– ืื ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”, ืชืฉืืจื• ืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”,
04:22
even someone like me could become a broadcaster.
69
262873
4519
ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื•ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืฉื“ืจ.
04:27
And that sounded revolutionary in my mind.
70
267392
2192
ื•ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™.
04:29
So for the next couple of years,
71
269584
1578
ืื– ื‘ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช,
04:31
I started to experiment with livestreaming in different ways,
72
271162
4047
ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ืขื ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
04:35
not only in the streets but mostly in studios and in homes,
73
275209
3606
ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืื•ืœืคื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื,
04:38
until the beginning of 2013, last year,
74
278815
3308
ืขื“ ืชื—ื™ืœืช 2013, ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”,
04:42
when I became the cofounder of a group called Mรญdia NINJA.
75
282123
4180
ื›ืฉื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืœืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื”ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืžื“ื™ื” ื ื™ื ื’'ื”,
04:46
NINJA is an acronym
76
286303
1449
ื ื™ื ื’'ื” ื”ื ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช
04:47
that stands for Narrativas Independentes Jornalismo e Aรงรฃo,
77
287752
3830
ืฉืœ ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ืก ืื™ื ื“ื™ืคื ื“ื ื˜ืก ื’'ื•ืจื ืœื™ื–ืžื• ืื” ืืกืื•,
04:51
or in English, independent narratives, journalism, and action.
78
291582
3911
ืื• ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื, ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืคืขื•ืœื”.
04:55
It was a media group that had little media plan.
79
295493
3922
ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืžื“ื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžื“ื™ื” ืงื˜ื ื”.
04:59
We didn't have any financial structure.
80
299415
2049
ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžื‘ื ื” ืคื™ื ื ืกื™.
05:01
We were not planning to make money out of this,
81
301464
3180
ืœื ืชื›ื ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ ืžื–ื”,
05:04
which was wise, because you shouldn't try to make money out of journalism now.
82
304644
4610
ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ื›ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ ืžืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
05:10
But we had a very solid and clear conviction,
83
310484
2704
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ืืžื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืฆืงื”,
05:13
that we knew that the hyperconnected environment of social media
84
313188
4954
ืฉื™ื“ืขื ื• ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื™ืคืจ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
05:18
could maybe allow us to consolidate
85
318142
2631
ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืื•ืœื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื’ื‘ืฉ
05:20
a network of experimental journalists throughout the country.
86
320773
5344
ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
05:26
So we launched a Facebook page first, and then a manifesto,
87
326117
5137
ืื– ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืฉืงื ื• ื“ืฃ ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง, ื•ืื– ืžื ื™ืคืกื˜,
05:31
and started to cover the streets in a very simple way.
88
331254
3738
ื•ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”.
05:34
But then something happened, something that wasn't predicted,
89
334992
4318
ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืžืฉื”ื• ืงืจื”, ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™,
05:39
that no one could have anticipated.
90
339310
2507
ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืคื•ืช.
05:41
Street protests started to erupt in Sรฃo Paulo.
91
341817
2920
ืžื—ืื•ืช ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ืชืคืจืฅ ื‘ืกืŸ ืคืื•ืœื•.
05:44
They began as very local and specific.
92
344737
2180
ื”ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช.
05:46
They were against the bus fare hike that had just happened in the city.
93
346917
5310
ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื ื’ื“ ืขืœื™ื™ืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ืฉืงืจื• ื‘ืขื™ืจ.
05:52
This is a bus.
94
352227
1911
ื–ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก.
05:54
It's written there, "Theft."
95
354138
2964
ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืคื”, "ื’ื ื‘ื”."
05:57
But those kind of manifestations started to grow,
96
357102
5059
ืื‘ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ,
06:02
and they kept happening.
97
362161
1835
ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืงืจื•ืช.
06:03
So the police violence against them started to grow as well.
98
363996
4807
ืื– ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื ื’ื“ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื’ื ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ.
06:08
But there was another conflict,
99
368803
1709
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜,
06:10
the one I believe that's more important here
100
370512
2504
ื–ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืคื”
06:13
to make my point that it was a narrative conflict.
101
373016
3960
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™.
06:16
There was this mainstream media version of the facts
102
376976
3030
ื”ื™ืชื” ืืช ื’ืจืกืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช
06:20
that anyone who was on the streets could easily challenge
103
380006
4286
ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื›ืœ ืœืืชื’ืจ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช
06:24
if they presented their own vision of what was actually happening there.
104
384292
6269
ืื ื”ื ื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืงืจื” ืฉื.
06:30
And it was this clash of visions, this clash of narratives,
105
390561
3080
ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ, ื”ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื,
06:33
that I think turned those protests
106
393641
3342
ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืคื ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
06:36
into a long period in the country of political reckoning
107
396983
3841
ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”
06:40
where hundreds of thousands of people,
108
400824
3508
ื‘ื” ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื,
06:44
probably more than a million people
109
404332
1818
ื›ื ืจืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื
06:46
took to the streets in the whole country.
110
406150
2358
ื™ืฆืื• ืœืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
06:49
But it wasn't about the bus fare hike anymore.
111
409638
2614
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื ื’ืข ืœืขืœื™ื™ืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
06:52
It was about everything.
112
412252
3544
ื–ื” ื ื’ืข ืœื”ื›ืœ.
06:55
The people's demands, their expectations,
113
415796
2450
ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
06:58
the reasons why they were on the streets
114
418246
2150
ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช
07:00
could be as diverse as they could be contradictory in many cases.
115
420396
4839
ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช.
07:05
If you could read it, you would understand me.
116
425235
4108
ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื–ื”, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™.
07:09
But it was in this environment of political catharsis
117
429343
4395
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืงื˜ืจื–ื™ืก ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™
07:13
that the country was going through
118
433738
2949
ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื‘ืจื”
07:16
that it had to do with politics, indeed,
119
436687
3297
ืฉื–ื” ื ื’ืข ืœืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”, ื‘ืืžืช,
07:19
but it had to do also with a new way of organizing,
120
439984
4033
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื ื’ืข ื’ื ืœื“ืจืš ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”,
07:24
through a new way of communicating.
121
444017
2933
ืขื ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.
07:26
It was in that environment that Mรญdia NINJA emerged
122
446950
2802
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืžื“ื™ื” ื ื™ื ื’'ื” ืขืœืชื”
07:29
from almost anonymity to become a national phenomenon,
123
449752
4683
ืžื›ืžืขื˜ ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืชื•ืคืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช,
07:34
because we did have the right equipment.
124
454435
2853
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ืžืชืื™ื.
07:37
We are not using big cameras.
125
457288
2200
ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช.
07:39
We are using basically this.
126
459488
2624
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ื”.
07:42
We are using smartphones.
127
462112
1999
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืกืžืจื˜ืคื•ื ื™ื.
07:44
And that, actually, allowed us to become invisible in the middle of the protests,
128
464111
4908
ื•ื–ื”, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžื—ืื•ืช,
07:49
but it allowed us to do something else:
129
469019
2682
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ:
07:51
to show what it was like to be in the protests,
130
471701
3824
ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืื•ืช,
07:55
to present to people at home a subjective perspective.
131
475525
5754
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
08:01
But there was something that is more important,
132
481279
2336
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
08:03
I think, than the equipment.
133
483615
1356
ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ืžื”ืฆื™ื•ื“.
08:04
It was our mindset,
134
484971
2728
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”,
08:07
because we are not behaving as a media outlet.
135
487699
3171
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžื“ื™ื”.
08:10
We are not competing for news.
136
490870
1938
ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
08:12
We are trying to encourage people,
137
492808
2321
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื,
08:15
to invite people, and to actually teach people
138
495129
2856
ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื, ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืœืžื“ ืื ืฉื™ื
08:17
how to do this, how they also could become broadcasters.
139
497985
4210
ืื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”, ืื™ืš ื”ื ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืฉื“ืจื ื™ื.
08:22
And that was crucial to turn Mรญdia NINJA from a small group of people,
140
502195
6070
ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืžื“ื™ื” ื ื™ื ื’'ื” ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื,
08:28
and in a matter of weeks,
141
508265
1650
ื•ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช,
08:29
we multiplied and we grew exponentially throughout the country.
142
509915
4577
ื”ืชืจื‘ื ื• ื•ื’ื“ืœื ื• ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
08:34
So in a matter of a week or two, as the protests kept happening,
143
514492
4677
ืื– ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืื• ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื, ื›ืฉื”ืžื—ืื” ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ,
08:39
we were hundreds of young people
144
519169
2212
ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื
08:41
connected in this network throughout the country.
145
521381
2805
ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
08:44
We were covering more than 50 cities at the same time.
146
524186
3140
ื›ื™ืกื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 50 ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
08:47
That's something that no TV channel could ever do.
147
527326
3654
ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืืฃ ืขืจื•ืฅ ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื.
08:50
That was responsible for turning us suddenly, actually,
148
530980
3413
ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœื”ืคื™ื›ืชื ื• ืคืชืื•ื, ืœืžืขืฉื”,
08:54
into kind of the mainstream media of social media.
149
534393
4926
ืœืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื™ื” ืžื”ื–ืจื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
08:59
So we had a couple of thousands of followers on our Facebook page,
150
539319
4051
ืื– ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื›ืžื” ืืœืคื™ ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง,
09:03
and soon we had a quarter of a million followers.
151
543370
3236
ื•ืžื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืจื‘ืข ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื.
09:06
Our posts and our videos
152
546606
1684
ื”ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
09:08
were being seen by more than 11 million timelines a week.
153
548290
3979
ื ืจืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 11 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข.
09:12
It was way more than any newspaper or any magazine could ever do.
154
552269
5721
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื›ืœ ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืื• ื›ืœ ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
09:17
And that turned Mรญdia NINJA into something else,
155
557990
3244
ื•ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืืช ืžื“ื™ื” ื ื™ื ื’'ื” ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ,
09:21
more than a media outlet, than a media project.
156
561234
3441
ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืžื“ื™ื”, ืžืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืžื“ื™ื”.
09:24
It became almost like a public service
157
564675
2759
ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœืฉืจื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™
09:27
to the citizen, to the protester,
158
567434
2527
ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื, ืœืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžื—ืื”.
09:29
to the activist,
159
569961
1734
ืœืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื™ื,
09:31
because they had a very simple and efficient and peaceful tool
160
571695
3428
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื›ืœื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื™ืขื™ืœ ื•ืฉืœื™ื•
09:35
to confront both police and media authority.
161
575123
4891
ืœื”ืชืขืžืช ื’ื ืขื ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ื’ื ืขื ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื”.
09:41
Many of our images started to be used in regular TV channels.
162
581644
3991
ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืจื•ืฆื™ ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื.
09:45
Our livestreams started to be broadcast even in regular televisions
163
585643
4831
ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื“ืจื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื”
09:50
when things got really rough.
164
590474
1949
ื›ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืขืฉื• ืžืžืฉ ืงืฉื™ื.
09:52
Some our images were responsible to take some people out of jail,
165
592433
5297
ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื• ืื—ืจืื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื›ืœื,
09:57
people who were being arrested unfairly
166
597730
2839
ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืขืฆืจื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™
10:00
under false accusations, and we could prove them innocent.
167
600569
3769
ืชื—ืช ื”ืืฉืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ื ื—ืคื™ื ืžืคืฉืข.
10:04
And that also turned Mรญdia NINJA very soon
168
604338
3241
ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ื”ืคืš ืืช ืžื“ื™ื” ื ื™ื ื’'ื” ื‘ืžื”ืจื”
10:07
to be seen as almost an enemy of cops, unfortunately,
169
607579
4011
ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื, ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ,
10:11
and we started to be severely beaten, and eventually arrested on the streets.
170
611590
5073
ื•ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืงืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืš ืœื”ืขืฆืจ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
10:16
It happened in many cases.
171
616663
1914
ื–ื” ืงืจื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงืจื™ื.
10:18
But that was also useful, because we were still at the web,
172
618577
4332
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื™ืขื™ืœ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืจืฉืช,
10:22
so that helped to trigger an important debate in the country
173
622909
5185
ืื– ื–ื” ืขื–ืจ ืœื”ืฆื™ืช ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”
10:28
on the role of the media itself
174
628094
2449
ืขืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ืขืฆืžื”
10:30
and the state of the freedom of the press in the country.
175
630543
3599
ื•ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
10:34
So Mรญdia NINJA now evolved
176
634142
1951
ืื– ืžื“ื™ื” ื ื™ื ื’'ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืชืคืชื—ื”
10:36
and finally consolidated itself in what we hoped it would become:
177
636093
6050
ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืš ื’ื™ื‘ืฉื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืงื™ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื”:
10:42
a national network of hundreds of young people,
178
642143
3284
ืจืฉืช ืžื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื,
10:45
self-organizing themselves locally
179
645427
3877
ืฉืžืืจื’ื ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช
10:49
to cover social, human rights issues,
180
649304
3761
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ืกื•ืช ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื, ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื.
10:53
and expressing themselves not only politically
181
653065
2768
ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืœื ืจืง ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช
10:55
but journalistically.
182
655833
2902
ืืœื ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ืช.
11:00
What I started to do in the beginning of this year,
183
660665
4335
ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ืฉื ื”,
11:05
as Mรญdia NINJA is already a self-organizing network,
184
665000
4156
ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืžื“ื™ื” ื ื™ื ื’'ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืฉืช ืžืื•ืจื’ื ืช ืขืฆืžืื™ืช,
11:09
I'm dedicating myself to another project.
185
669156
3433
ืื ื™ ืžืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืœืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืื—ืจ.
11:12
It's called Fluxo, which is Portuguese for "stream."
186
672589
3246
ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ืคืœื•ืงืกื•, ืฉืคืจื•ืฉื• ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ื–ื™ืช "ื–ืจื."
11:15
It's a journalism studio in Sรฃo Paulo downtown,
187
675835
2807
ื–ื” ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื• ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืกืŸ ืคืื•ืœื•,
11:18
where I used livestream to experiment
188
678642
3327
ื‘ื• ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ืžื™ื ื’ ื—ื™
11:21
with what I call post-television formats.
189
681969
3505
ืขื ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื• ืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื ืคื•ืกื˜ ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื.
11:25
But I'm also trying to come up with ways to finance independent journalism
190
685474
5378
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื’ื ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืžืžืŸ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื•ืช ืขืฆืžืื™ืช
11:30
through a direct relationship with an audience,
191
690852
2812
ื“ืจืš ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืขื ื”ืงื”ืœ,
11:33
with an active audience,
192
693664
1962
ืขื ืงื”ืœ ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™,
11:35
because now I really want to try to make a living
193
695626
2670
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคืจื ืก
11:38
out of my tear gas resolution back then.
194
698296
3762
ืžื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืœื™ ืฉื ื‘ืขื” ืžื’ื– ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžื ื•.
11:42
But there's something more significant here,
195
702058
2290
ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืคื”,
11:44
something that I believe is more important and more crucial than my personal example.
196
704348
5446
ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืžื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื™.
11:49
I said that livestream could turn the web into a colossal TV network,
197
709794
4835
ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉืกื˜ืจื™ืžื™ื ื’ ื—ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช ืœืจืฉืช ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืงื•ืœื•ืกืœื™ืช,
11:54
but I believe it does something else,
198
714629
2037
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ,
11:56
because after watching people using it,
199
716666
2961
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื—ืจื™ ืฉืฆืคื™ืชื™ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”,
11:59
not only to cover things but to express, to organize themselves politically,
200
719627
6024
ืœื ืจืง ืœื›ืกื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข, ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช,
12:05
I believe livestream can turn cyberspace into a global political arena
201
725651
6754
ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืกื˜ืจื™ืžื™ื ื’ ื—ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ ืœื–ื™ืจื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช
12:12
where everyone might have a voice,
202
732419
2384
ื‘ื” ืœื›ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ืœ,
12:14
a proper voice,
203
734803
1544
ืงื•ืœ ืžืชืื™ื,
12:16
because livestream takes the monopoly of the broadcast political discourse,
204
736347
5485
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืกื˜ืจื™ืžื™ื ื’ ื—ื™ ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ื”ืžื•ื ื•ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื— ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืžื”ืฉื“ืจื ื™ื,
12:21
of the verbal aspect of the political dialogue
205
741832
2753
ืฉืœ ื”ืืกืคืงื˜ ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™
12:24
out of the mouths of just politicians and political pundits alone,
206
744585
5609
ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ื”ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื”ืคื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื,
12:30
and it empowers the citizen through this direct and non-mediated power
207
750194
5470
ื•ืžืขื ื™ืง ื›ื•ื— ืœืื–ืจื— ื“ืจืš ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืœืœื ืชื™ื•ื•ืš
12:35
of exchanging experiences and dialogue,
208
755664
2983
ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’,
12:38
empowers them to question and to influence authorities
209
758647
4050
ื ื•ืชืŸ ื›ื•ื— ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื•ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช
12:42
in ways in which we are about to see.
210
762697
3529
ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืื•ืชืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช.
12:46
And I believe it does something else that might be even more important,
211
766226
4554
ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
12:50
that the simplicity of the technology can merge objectivity and subjectivity
212
770780
6690
ืฉื”ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืžื–ื’ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช
12:57
in a very political way, as I see it,
213
777470
2663
ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืื•ื“ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื”,
13:00
because it really helps the audience,
214
780133
5169
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืงื”ืœ,
13:05
the citizen, to see the world through somebody else's eye,
215
785302
4494
ื”ืื–ืจื—, ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ,
13:09
so it helps the citizen to put him- or herself
216
789796
3434
ืื– ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืื–ืจื— ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื•
13:13
in other people's place.
217
793230
2672
ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
13:15
And that idea, I think, should be the intention,
218
795902
3268
ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”,
13:19
should be the goal of any good journalism, any good activism,
219
799170
4715
ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื–ื ื˜ื•ื‘,
13:23
but most of all, any good politics.
220
803885
2652
ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ, ื›ืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
13:26
Thank you very much. It was an honor.
221
806537
2528
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
13:29
(Applause)
222
809065
5643
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7