Bruno Torturra: Got a smartphone? Start broadcasting

128,294 views ใƒป 2014-12-18

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: ChulGi Han ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
Has anyone among you ever been exposed to tear gas?
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์ตœ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€์Šค์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์–ด ๋ณธ ์  ์žˆ์œผ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:17
Tear gas? Anyone?
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์ตœ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€์Šค? ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:20
I'm sorry to hear that, so you might know that it's a very toxic substance,
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์ฐธ ์•ˆ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋…์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ž„์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ์ง€๋งŒ
00:25
but you might not know that it's a very simple molecule
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž์ž„์€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
with an unpronouncable name:
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๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ถ„์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
it's called chlorobenzalmalononitrile.
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ํด๋กœ๋กœ๋ฒค์ž˜๋ง๋กœ๋…ธ๋‹ˆํŠธ๋ฆด์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
It's decades old, but it's becoming very trendy among police forces
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๋ช‡ ์‹ญ ๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
00:41
around the planet lately, it seems,
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์•„์ฃผ ์œ ํ–‰์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
and according to my experience as a non-voluntary breather of it,
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์ตœ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณธ์˜ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฒŒ ํก์ž…ํ•œ ์ œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
00:48
tear gas has two main but quite opposite effects.
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์ตœ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€์Šค๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ฃผ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
One, it can really burn your eyes,
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์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ˆˆ์„ ์ •๋ง ๋”ฐ๋”๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
00:56
and two, it can also help you to open them.
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๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ, ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋œจ๋„๋ก ๋•์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
Tear gas definitely helped to open mine to something
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์ตœ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€์Šค๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€์— ๋ˆˆ๋œจ๋„๋ก ๋„์™”๊ณ 
01:04
that I want to share with you this afternoon:
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜คํ›„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
01:07
that livestreaming the power of independent broadcasts through the web
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๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์„ ์›น์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ๋ฐฉ์†กํ•˜๋Š” ํž˜์€
01:13
can be a game-changer in journalism,
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์–ธ๋ก , ์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™, ์ •์น˜์  ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ
01:16
in activism, and as I see it, in the political discourse as well.
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ํŒ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
That idea started to dawn on me in early 2011
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒํŒŒ์šธ๋กœ์—์„œ ์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋„ํ•˜๋˜
01:27
when I was covering a protest in Sรฃo Paulo.
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2011๋…„ ์ดˆ์— ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
It was the marijuana march,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌํ™”๋‚˜ ํ–‰์ง„์œผ๋กœ
01:33
a gathering of people asking for the legalization of cannabis.
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๋Œ€๋งˆ์ดˆ์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ์ž„์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:37
When that group started to move,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
01:39
the riot police came from the back with rubber bullets, bombs,
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ํญ๋™ ์ง„์•• ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ๊ณ ๋ฌด ์ด์•Œ, ํญํƒ„, ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ 
01:43
and then the gas.
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๋’ค์—์„œ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
But to make a long story short,
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์š”์•ฝํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
01:48
I had entered that protest as the editor-in-chief
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ 11๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ชธ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์ข…์ด ์‹ ๋ฌธ์‚ฌ์˜
01:52
of a well-established printed magazine where I'd worked for 11 years,
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ํŽธ์ง‘์žฅ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์‹œ์œ„์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๊ณ 
01:56
and thanks to this unsolicited effects of tear gas,
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์ตœ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ ๋•์—
02:01
I left it as a journalist that was now committed to new ways
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ณต๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ณต์œ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:06
of sharing the raw experience of what it's like to be there, actually.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ž๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
So in the following week, I was back in the streets,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์— ๊ทธ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‚˜์™”๊ณ 
02:16
but that time, I wasn't a member of any media outlet anymore.
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๋‹น์‹œ์— ์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์–ธ๋ก ์‚ฌ์—๋„ ์†ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
I was there as an independent livestreamer, and all I had with me
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์ €๋Š” ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ์ƒ์ค‘๊ณ„์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:25
was basically borrowed equipment.
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๋Œ€์—ฌํ•œ ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์ž‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
I had a very simple camera and a backpack with 3G modems.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์™€ 3G ๋ชจ๋Ž€์ด ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
And I had this weblink that could be shared through social media,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์›น๋งํฌ, ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋กœ ๊ณต์œ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด
02:38
could be put in any website,
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์–ด๋Š ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์ด๊ฑด ๊ฐ„์— ์—…๋กœ๋“œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์›น๋งํฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
and that time, the protest went along fine.
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์‹œ์œ„๋Š” ์žฆ์•„๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
There was no violence.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—๋Š” ํญ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ก์…˜์žฅ๋ฉด์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ถˆ์ผ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
There was no action scenes.
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02:48
But there was something really exciting,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€
02:51
because I could see at a distance the TV channels covering it,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ผ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” TV์ฑ„๋„์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด์•˜๊ธฐ์—
02:56
and they had these big vans and the teams and the cameras,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํฐ ๋ฐด๊ณผ ํŒ€๊ณผ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
03:00
and I was basically doing the same thing
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:02
and all I had was a backpack.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง์€ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์ด ์ „๋ถ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
And that was really exciting to a journalist,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
but the most interesting part was when I got back home, actually,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ๋Œ์•„์™”์„ ๋•Œ
03:13
because I learned that I had been watched
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 9๋งŒ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
03:15
by more than 90,000 people,
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์ง€์ผœ๋ดค๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
and I got hundreds of emails and messages of people asking me, basically,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๊ฑด์˜ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ๊ณผ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
03:23
how did I do it,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
how it was possible to do such a thing.
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03:28
And I learned something else, that that was actually the first time
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:31
that somebody had ever done a livestreaming in a street protest
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๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ค‘๊ณ„ํ•œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
in the country.
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03:39
And that really shocked me,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
03:41
because I was no geek, I was no technology guy,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ๊ดด์งœ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ณตํ•™์— ์ผ๊ฐ€๊ฒฌ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ
03:45
and all the equipment needed was already there,
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์žฅ๋น„๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:48
was easily available.
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03:50
And I realized that we had a frontier here,
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•ž์„œ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋๊ณ 
03:53
a very important one,
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๊ด€์ ์„ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜€๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
that it was just a matter of changing the perspective,
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03:58
and the web could be actually used,
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์›น์ด ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž—๊ณ  ํ†ต์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด
04:00
already used, as a colossal and uncontrollable
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TV์ฑ„๋„๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
04:03
and highly anarchical TV channel, TV network,
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ด์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
04:07
and anyone with very basic skills and very basic equipment,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:12
even someone like me who had this little stuttering issue,
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์ €๊ฐ™์ด ๋ง์„ ๋”๋“ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
04:18
so if it happens, bear with me please,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์„ ๋”๋“ฌ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์–‘ํ•ดํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
04:22
even someone like me could become a broadcaster.
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์ €๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
And that sounded revolutionary in my mind.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ ๋งˆ์Œ ์†์—์„œ ํ˜๋ช…์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๊ปด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
So for the next couple of years,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธํ›„ 2๋…„๊ฐ„,
04:31
I started to experiment with livestreaming in different ways,
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์ €๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ๋ฐฉ์†ก์„ ๋‹ค๊ฐ๋„๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
not only in the streets but mostly in studios and in homes,
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋‹Œ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๊ณต๋™์ฐฝ์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋œ
04:38
until the beginning of 2013, last year,
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2013๋…„์ดˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:42
when I became the cofounder of a group called Mรญdia NINJA.
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์ŠคํŠœ๋””์˜ค์™€ ์ง‘์—์„œ๋„ ์‹คํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
NINJA is an acronym
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๋‹Œ์ž(NINJA)๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ(I) ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ(N), ์–ธ๋ก (J), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™(A) ์˜ ์•ฝ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
that stands for Narrativas Independentes Jornalismo e Aรงรฃo,
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04:51
or in English, independent narratives, journalism, and action.
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04:55
It was a media group that had little media plan.
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
We didn't have any financial structure.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฌด์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
We were not planning to make money out of this,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ด์ต์„ ์–ป์„ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
which was wise, because you shouldn't try to make money out of journalism now.
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ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ . ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์–ธ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:10
But we had a very solid and clear conviction,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ํ™•์‹ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
that we knew that the hyperconnected environment of social media
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ด˜์ด˜ํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์†Œ์…œ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด
05:18
could maybe allow us to consolidate
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์–ธ๋ก ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:20
a network of experimental journalists throughout the country.
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05:26
So we launched a Facebook page first, and then a manifesto,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋จผ์ € ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„คํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์„ฑ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
and started to cover the streets in a very simple way.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋„ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:34
But then something happened, something that wasn't predicted,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„
05:39
that no one could have anticipated.
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์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:41
Street protests started to erupt in Sรฃo Paulo.
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์ƒํŒŒ์šธ๋กœ์˜ ์‹œ์œ„์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ ๋ นํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
They began as very local and specific.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:46
They were against the bus fare hike that had just happened in the city.
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๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ฒ„์Šค ์š”๊ธˆ ์ธ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
This is a bus.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ๋ฒ„์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
It's written there, "Theft."
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"๋„๋‘‘์งˆ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ ํ˜€์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
05:57
But those kind of manifestations started to grow,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ ์ฐจ ์ปค์กŒ๊ณ 
06:02
and they kept happening.
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๊ณ„์† ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
So the police violence against them started to grow as well.
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๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์˜ ํญ๋ ฅ์ง„์••๋„ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ปค์กŒ์ฃ .
06:08
But there was another conflict,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—์„  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ถฉ๋Œ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
the one I believe that's more important here
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:13
to make my point that it was a narrative conflict.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์œ„์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
There was this mainstream media version of the facts
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๊ตญ์˜๋ฐฉ์†ก์˜ ๋ณด๋„๋Š”
06:20
that anyone who was on the streets could easily challenge
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
06:24
if they presented their own vision of what was actually happening there.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ํŽผ์ณค๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ „ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
06:30
And it was this clash of visions, this clash of narratives,
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์˜ ๊ฒฉ๋Œ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
that I think turned those protests
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ
06:36
into a long period in the country of political reckoning
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์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ๊ธด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ์œ„๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
where hundreds of thousands of people,
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋งŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค,
06:44
probably more than a million people
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ ๋ นํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
took to the streets in the whole country.
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06:49
But it wasn't about the bus fare hike anymore.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์‹œ์œ„๋Š” ๋”์ด์ƒ ๋ฒ„์Šค์š”๊ธˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
It was about everything.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์œ„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
The people's demands, their expectations,
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๋Œ€์ค‘๋“ค์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ, ๊ธฐ๋Œ€
06:58
the reasons why they were on the streets
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋“ค์ด ์‹œ์œ„์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
could be as diverse as they could be contradictory in many cases.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ชจ์ˆœ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
If you could read it, you would understand me.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ €๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
But it was in this environment of political catharsis
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜
07:13
that the country was going through
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์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ์นดํƒ€๋ฅด์‹œ์Šค์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
that it had to do with politics, indeed,
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์ •์น˜์™€ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:19
but it had to do also with a new way of organizing,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์กฐ์งํ˜•์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
through a new way of communicating.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ์š”
07:26
It was in that environment that Mรญdia NINJA emerged
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹Œ์ž(NINJA)๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
from almost anonymity to become a national phenomenon,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ต๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฒ”๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
07:34
because we did have the right equipment.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:37
We are not using big cameras.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํฐ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:39
We are using basically this.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:42
We are using smartphones.
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์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
And that, actually, allowed us to become invisible in the middle of the protests,
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์‹œ์œ„์˜ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ–ˆ๊ณ 
07:49
but it allowed us to do something else:
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
to show what it was like to be in the protests,
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์‹œ์œ„ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋‹ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:55
to present to people at home a subjective perspective.
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์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ์ฃ .
08:01
But there was something that is more important,
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๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
I think, than the equipment.
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์žฅ๋น„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ๊ฐ€์ง์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
It was our mindset,
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08:07
because we are not behaving as a media outlet.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:10
We are not competing for news.
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๋‰ด์Šค์— ๋ชฉ๋งค๋‹ฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
08:12
We are trying to encourage people,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
to invite people, and to actually teach people
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์คฌ์ฃ .
08:17
how to do this, how they also could become broadcasters.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์†ก๊ตญ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ์š”.
08:22
And that was crucial to turn Mรญdia NINJA from a small group of people,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ช‡์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ์— ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๋‹Œ์ž(NINJA) ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•œ ํฐ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
and in a matter of weeks,
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08:29
we multiplied and we grew exponentially throughout the country.
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๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์กŒ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ „์ฒด๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์ ธ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
So in a matter of a week or two, as the protests kept happening,
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์‹œ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†๋ฌ๋˜ 1~2์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ์—,
08:39
we were hundreds of young people
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช‡๋ฐฑ๋ช…์˜ ์ Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
08:41
connected in this network throughout the country.
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๋‚˜๋ผ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
We were covering more than 50 cities at the same time.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— 50๊ฐœ์˜ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ํ™œ๋™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
That's something that no TV channel could ever do.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ TV์ฑ„๋„๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
That was responsible for turning us suddenly, actually,
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์†Œ์…œ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋กœ
08:54
into kind of the mainstream media of social media.
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๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ•œ ์ „ํ™˜์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
So we had a couple of thousands of followers on our Facebook page,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช‡์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€ ์ข‹์•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
09:03
and soon we had a quarter of a million followers.
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์•ฝ 25๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ข‹์•„์š”๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
Our posts and our videos
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒŒ์‹œ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋Š”
09:08
were being seen by more than 11 million timelines a week.
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ํ•œ์ฃผ์— ์ฒœ๋งŒ๋ฒˆ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์กฐํšŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
It was way more than any newspaper or any magazine could ever do.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ์žก์ง€๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
And that turned Mรญdia NINJA into something else,
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๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋‹Œ์ž(NINJA)๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
more than a media outlet, than a media project.
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์•„์šธ๋ ›์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋์ฃ .
09:24
It became almost like a public service
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š”
09:27
to the citizen, to the protester,
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์‹œ๋ฏผ, ์‹œ์œ„์ž ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ
09:29
to the activist,
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๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šคํ™” ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
because they had a very simple and efficient and peaceful tool
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
09:35
to confront both police and media authority.
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ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ‰ํ™”์ ์ธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ 
09:41
Many of our images started to be used in regular TV channels.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์กด TV์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
09:45
Our livestreams started to be broadcast even in regular televisions
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฐฉ์†ก์ด ์ธ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
when things got really rough.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ๋•Œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:52
Some our images were responsible to take some people out of jail,
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๋ช‡๋ช‡์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์†๋‹นํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์„๋ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:57
people who were being arrested unfairly
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10:00
under false accusations, and we could prove them innocent.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์ฃ„์ž„์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:04
And that also turned Mรญdia NINJA very soon
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์˜ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
to be seen as almost an enemy of cops, unfortunately,
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ต์••๋๊ณ 
10:11
and we started to be severely beaten, and eventually arrested on the streets.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ฒดํฌ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
It happened in many cases.
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
But that was also useful, because we were still at the web,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ์œ ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์›น์ƒ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
10:22
so that helped to trigger an important debate in the country
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฐœ์ ์ด ๋๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
10:28
on the role of the media itself
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์˜ ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ
10:30
and the state of the freedom of the press in the country.
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์–ธ๋ก ์— ์ž์œ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:34
So Mรญdia NINJA now evolved
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด NINJA๋Š” ์ด์ œ
10:36
and finally consolidated itself in what we hoped it would become:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋žฌ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž๋ฆฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
a national network of hundreds of young people,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋ช…์˜ ์ Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ „๊ตญ์  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์ด์ž
10:45
self-organizing themselves locally
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์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์กฐ์ง๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
10:49
to cover social, human rights issues,
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์‚ฌํšŒ, ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ 
10:53
and expressing themselves not only politically
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์ •์น˜์ ์ผ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ์„œ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
but journalistically.
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11:00
What I started to do in the beginning of this year,
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์˜ฌํ•ด ์ดˆ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋˜
11:05
as Mรญdia NINJA is already a self-organizing network,
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๋‹Œ์ž(NINJA)๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก์•˜๊ณ 
11:09
I'm dedicating myself to another project.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์ฐฉ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:12
It's called Fluxo, which is Portuguese for "stream."
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์†Œ(Fluxo)์ด๋ฉฐ, ํฌ๋ฃจํˆฌ๊ฐˆ๋ง๋กœ "์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฐ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
It's a journalism studio in Sรฃo Paulo downtown,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒํŒŒ์šธ๋กœ ๋„์‹ฌ์˜ ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ์Šคํˆฌ๋””์˜ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
where I used livestream to experiment
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ TV๋‹ค์Œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒผ๋˜ ์ƒ๋ฐฉ์†ก์„
11:21
with what I call post-television formats.
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์‹คํ—˜ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์ด์ฃ .
11:25
But I'm also trying to come up with ways to finance independent journalism
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์ €๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์ ์ธ ๋…์ž๋“ค๊ณผ์˜
11:30
through a direct relationship with an audience,
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์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
11:33
with an active audience,
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๋…๋ฆฝ ์–ธ๋ก ์˜ ์žฌ์ •์„ ์ถฉ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ์‹œ๋„ ์ค‘ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
because now I really want to try to make a living
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ „์˜ ์ตœ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€์Šค ์‹œ์ ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
11:38
out of my tear gas resolution back then.
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11:42
But there's something more significant here,
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๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
something that I believe is more important and more crucial than my personal example.
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์ œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:49
I said that livestream could turn the web into a colossal TV network,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ƒ๋ฐฉ์†ก์ด ์›น์„ ๋†€๋ž„ ๋งŒํ•œ TV ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:54
but I believe it does something else,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
11:56
because after watching people using it,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋‚œ ํ›„
11:59
not only to cover things but to express, to organize themselves politically,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ •์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ง์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด์ฃ .
12:05
I believe livestream can turn cyberspace into a global political arena
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์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ฐฉ์†ก์€ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„๊ณต๊ฐ„์„
๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ •์น˜์˜ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
where everyone might have a voice,
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๋ชจ๋“ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:14
a proper voice,
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12:16
because livestream takes the monopoly of the broadcast political discourse,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ฐฉ์†ก์€ ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ธ
12:21
of the verbal aspect of the political dialogue
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์ •์น˜๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ๊ถŒ์œ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ๋งŒ์„ ๋‚ด๋ณด์ธ ํ–‰ํƒœ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
12:24
out of the mouths of just politicians and political pundits alone,
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12:30
and it empowers the citizen through this direct and non-mediated power
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„˜๊ฒจ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
of exchanging experiences and dialogue,
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12:38
empowers them to question and to influence authorities
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์‹œ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๊ถŒ์œ„์— ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
12:42
in ways in which we are about to see.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
And I believe it does something else that might be even more important,
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๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
that the simplicity of the technology can merge objectivity and subjectivity
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ํ•ฉ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด์ฃ .
12:57
in a very political way, as I see it,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์—์„œ์š”.
13:00
because it really helps the audience,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ
13:05
the citizen, to see the world through somebody else's eye,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒํ•˜๊ณ 
13:09
so it helps the citizen to put him- or herself
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์—
13:13
in other people's place.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
13:15
And that idea, I think, should be the intention,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜
13:19
should be the goal of any good journalism, any good activism,
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์ข‹์€ ํ–‰๋™, ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ข‹์€ ์ •์น˜์  ์˜๋„์™€
13:23
but most of all, any good politics.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:26
Thank you very much. It was an honor.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ด‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:29
(Applause)
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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