Bruno Torturra: Got a smartphone? Start broadcasting

翻译人员: Helen Zhang 校对人员: Zack Xue

Has anyone among you ever been exposed to tear gas?

在座任何人有没有接触过催泪瓦斯？

Tear gas? Anyone?

有么？

I'm sorry to hear that, so you might know that it's a very toxic substance,

我感到很抱歉， 你可能知道那是一个致命的物质

but you might not know that it's a very simple molecule

但是你可能不知道它是个很简单的分子

with an unpronouncable name:

有一个读不出来的名字

it's called chlorobenzalmalononitrile.

它叫 “chlorobenzalmalononitrile"

我成功了

It's decades old, but it's becoming very trendy among police forces

它有几十年的历史，但是最近开始流行于全球的

around the planet lately, it seems,

警察机关。

and according to my experience as a non-voluntary breather of it,

以我自己的经验，一个非自愿的吸入者

tear gas has two main but quite opposite effects.

催泪瓦斯有两个非常不一样的用处

One, it can really burn your eyes,

第一，它可以灼伤你的眼睛

and two, it can also help you to open them.

第二，它可以帮你睁开它们

Tear gas definitely helped to open mine to something

催泪瓦斯确实帮助我看到了一些事情

that I want to share with you this afternoon:

这就是在这个下午我想和你们分享的

that livestreaming the power of independent broadcasts through the web

网络上的独立直播媒体

can be a game-changer in journalism,

可以改变新闻业在

in activism, and as I see it, in the political discourse as well.

行动主义和政治演讲方面的力量。

That idea started to dawn on me in early 2011

在2011早年，我开始有了这个想法

when I was covering a protest in São Paulo.

当我在圣保罗报导一个抗议

It was the marijuana march,

一个关于大麻的示威游行

a gathering of people asking for the legalization of cannabis.

一群人希望可以合法化印度大麻的使用

When that group started to move,

当这个组织开始走的时候

the riot police came from the back with rubber bullets, bombs,

防爆警察从后面用橡皮子弹，炸弹

and then the gas.

和那些催泪瓦斯阻止。

But to make a long story short,

为了长话短说

I had entered that protest as the editor-in-chief

我参加了那个游行，以在一个

of a well-established printed magazine where I'd worked for 11 years,

完建的杂志社主编，我在那工作了11年

and thanks to this unsolicited effects of tear gas,

但是感谢催泪瓦斯的效果

I left it as a journalist that was now committed to new ways

我离开了那个杂志社，以新的方式

of sharing the raw experience of what it's like to be there, actually.

去分享这些经历，和亲生体验的感觉。

So in the following week, I was back in the streets,

所以在接下来的几星期，我回到了街道

but that time, I wasn't a member of any media outlet anymore.

但是这一次，我不再是记者

I was there as an independent livestreamer, and all I had with me

我以一个独立直播者的身份，我的设备

was basically borrowed equipment.

都是借来的

I had a very simple camera and a backpack with 3G modems.

一个非常简单的相机和拥有3G调制解调器的背包

And I had this weblink that could be shared through social media,

我还有一个可以在任何交友平台分享的网址

could be put in any website,

可以放在任何网页上

and that time, the protest went along fine.

在那个时候，游行平静的进行着

There was no violence.

没有任何暴力

There was no action scenes.

没有动作场景

But there was something really exciting,

但是我发现一些特别兴奋的事情

because I could see at a distance the TV channels covering it,

因为在远处我可以看到一些电视台在做报道

and they had these big vans and the teams and the cameras,

他们用着很大的面包车，很多人和摄像机

and I was basically doing the same thing

而我做着同样的事情

and all I had was a backpack.

但只用了一个背包。

And that was really exciting to a journalist,

这对一个记者是个很高兴的事情

but the most interesting part was when I got back home, actually,

但是最有趣的是，当我回到家

because I learned that I had been watched

我才发现我被

by more than 90,000 people,

90,000多人看着

and I got hundreds of emails and messages of people asking me, basically,

我收到了几百张电子邮件或者信息问我

how did I do it,

我是怎么做到的。

how it was possible to do such a thing.

怎么可能做到这样的事。

And I learned something else, that that was actually the first time

我还学到， 我的直播实际上是

that somebody had ever done a livestreaming in a street protest

第一个直播游行在街道上

in the country.

在巴西

And that really shocked me,

这个确实让我很吃惊

because I was no geek, I was no technology guy,

我并非极客，也不是技术宅，

and all the equipment needed was already there,

那些设备我已经拥有

was easily available.

而且非常容易得到

And I realized that we had a frontier here,

我才发现，我们有一个边界

a very important one,

一个非常重要的

that it was just a matter of changing the perspective,

但是只要我们转换一下视角

and the web could be actually used,

就会发现我们可以利用网络

already used, as a colossal and uncontrollable

网络已经是一个巨大，难以控制的平台

and highly anarchical TV channel, TV network,

让非政府的电视频道，电视广播

and anyone with very basic skills and very basic equipment,

和任何有基本技术和设备的人

even someone like me who had this little stuttering issue,

甚至让我这种有小小结巴的人用。

so if it happens, bear with me please,

所以，如果它发生了，原谅我好么

even someone like me could become a broadcaster.

让我这样的人当上了主播

And that sounded revolutionary in my mind.

这个想法对我来说是革命的

So for the next couple of years,

所以在接下来的几年里

I started to experiment with livestreaming in different ways,

我开始试验各种不一样的直播

not only in the streets but mostly in studios and in homes,

不只是在街道上，还有演播室和家中

until the beginning of 2013, last year,

知道去年，2013年的开头

when I became the cofounder of a group called Mídia NINJA.

我成立了一个叫 MedIa NINJA 的组织

NINJA is an acronym

NINJIA是一个首字母缩略词

that stands for Narrativas Independentes Jornalismo e Ação,

意为“自由独立叙述播报者”(巴西语）

or in English, independent narratives, journalism, and action.

或者用英文就是“独立叙述者”，报导者和行动

It was a media group that had little media plan.

它是一个没有任何媒体计划的媒体组织

We didn't have any financial structure.

我们没有任何的经济来源

We were not planning to make money out of this,

我们也没有规划从中获利

which was wise, because you shouldn't try to make money out of journalism now.

不过确实很明智， 因为在这个时代想赚钱就不该做记者

But we had a very solid and clear conviction,

但是我们有着非常坚定和明确的目的

that we knew that the hyperconnected environment of social media

我们知道在这个高度链接的社会媒体环境中

could maybe allow us to consolidate

可以让我们形成一个

a network of experimental journalists throughout the country.

遍布全国的记者网络

So we launched a Facebook page first, and then a manifesto,

所以我们先注册了脸谱网的页面，然后做了声明

and started to cover the streets in a very simple way.

开始用简单的方式报道街道

But then something happened, something that wasn't predicted,

然后一个让人意想不到的事情发生了

that no one could have anticipated.

任何人都没有预想到的

Street protests started to erupt in São Paulo.

街道游行在圣保罗开始了

They began as very local and specific.

他们开始的时候是非常具体和小范围的

They were against the bus fare hike that had just happened in the city.

是为了反对公交车票的涨价

This is a bus.

这是那个公交车

It's written there, "Theft."

上面写着”小偷“

But those kind of manifestations started to grow,

但是这些示威游行开始扩展

and they kept happening.

他们持续发生

So the police violence against them started to grow as well.

所以警方使用暴力来压制他们也开始加强

But there was another conflict,

但是那还有另一个问题

the one I believe that's more important here

一个我相信更重要的问题

to make my point that it was a narrative conflict.

那就是报道真实性的问题

There was this mainstream media version of the facts

这些主流媒体报道的真相

that anyone who was on the streets could easily challenge

可以被任何一个当时在街道上的人推翻

if they presented their own vision of what was actually happening there.

如果他们说出事实，到底发生了什么在那里。

And it was this clash of visions, this clash of narratives,

就是因为这些不一致的报道

that I think turned those protests

让我才觉得让这些游行

into a long period in the country of political reckoning

使这个国家有了长期的政治对话

where hundreds of thousands of people,

在那里，有成千上万

probably more than a million people

有可能超过了一百多万人

took to the streets in the whole country.

占领了全国的街道

But it wasn't about the bus fare hike anymore.

但已经不再是关于公共交通价格的上升

It was about everything.

而是关于所有的事情

The people's demands, their expectations,

人民的要求，他们的期望

the reasons why they were on the streets

他们在街上的原因

could be as diverse as they could be contradictory in many cases.

有各式各样，也互相矛盾在许多情况下。

If you could read it, you would understand me.

如果你能看懂，你就会明白

But it was in this environment of political catharsis

但这是个在政治发泄的环境中

that the country was going through

这个国家所正在经历的

that it had to do with politics, indeed,

它确实是关于政治

but it had to do also with a new way of organizing,

但也关于新的管理模式

through a new way of communicating.

用一个新的方式去交流

It was in that environment that Mídia NINJA emerged

在那样的环境中，媒体 NINJA 诞生了

from almost anonymity to become a national phenomenon,

从一个无人知道的组织变成了全球奇迹

because we did have the right equipment.

因为我们用了正确的设备

We are not using big cameras.

我们没有用高大的摄像机

We are using basically this.

我们基本上用了它

We are using smartphones.

我们用了智能手机

And that, actually, allowed us to become invisible in the middle of the protests,

因为它，所以我们可以隐身于这些游行中

but it allowed us to do something else:

它还让我们达到另一个目的

to show what it was like to be in the protests,

还原游行最真实的一面

to present to people at home a subjective perspective.

使那些在家的人看到主观视角

But there was something that is more important,

还有最重要要

I think, than the equipment.

比设备更重要的就是

It was our mindset,

我们的思想

because we are not behaving as a media outlet.

我们没有像其他的媒体

We are not competing for news.

我们不在为新闻竞争

We are trying to encourage people,

我们只想鼓励人们

to invite people, and to actually teach people

邀请人们，和教导他们

how to do this, how they also could become broadcasters.

怎么变成一个直播人员，怎们做到这个

And that was crucial to turn Mídia NINJA from a small group of people,

这就是为什们我们从一个几个人的组织

and in a matter of weeks,

在几个星期中

we multiplied and we grew exponentially throughout the country.

我们成倍增加，甚至在全国范围内。

So in a matter of a week or two, as the protests kept happening,

所以在一两个星期内，当这些游行发生的时候

we were hundreds of young people

我们这些上千的年轻人

connected in this network throughout the country.

在全国各地，用着网络链接着

We were covering more than 50 cities at the same time.

我们同时报导着50多个城市

That's something that no TV channel could ever do.

这是任何一个电视频道都做不到的

That was responsible for turning us suddenly, actually,

这就是为什们我们突然变成了

into kind of the mainstream media of social media.

主流的媒体

So we had a couple of thousands of followers on our Facebook page,

我们当初在脸谱网拥有几千的收听者

and soon we had a quarter of a million followers.

现在已经有差不多25万的收听者

Our posts and our videos

我们公布的信息和视频

were being seen by more than 11 million timelines a week.

每星期平均被一千多万人看到

It was way more than any newspaper or any magazine could ever do.

比任何一个杂志或者新闻社都多

And that turned Mídia NINJA into something else,

NINJA 变了

more than a media outlet, than a media project.

不只是一个媒体播报，或者项目

It became almost like a public service

它变成了一个公共服务

to the citizen, to the protester,

为了人民，为了游行者

to the activist,

为了积极分子

because they had a very simple and efficient and peaceful tool

因为他们都有一个简单，有效率，和平的工具

to confront both police and media authority.

去面对警察或者媒体的权威

Many of our images started to be used in regular TV channels.

我们很多的相片都被很多电视节目用到

Our livestreams started to be broadcast even in regular televisions

很多电视台开始用我们的直播

when things got really rough.

当事情白热化的时候

Some our images were responsible to take some people out of jail,

我们的图像可以免一些的牢狱之灾

people who were being arrested unfairly

让那些被不公平抓进去的人，

under false accusations, and we could prove them innocent.

被诬告的人，用我们的图片证明他们的清白

And that also turned Mídia NINJA very soon

不幸的是，这也让NINGA很快的

to be seen as almost an enemy of cops, unfortunately,

变成警察的眼中钉，敌人

and we started to be severely beaten, and eventually arrested on the streets.

我们被严重的打击，最终被逮捕

It happened in many cases.

发生了很多次

But that was also useful, because we were still at the web,

但是这个经历也有帮助，因为我们还在网上

so that helped to trigger an important debate in the country

这个帮助引发一个很重要的争论

on the role of the media itself

关于媒体的职责

and the state of the freedom of the press in the country.

和新闻，出版社的自由

So Mídia NINJA now evolved

现在 NINJA 已经逐步变成

and finally consolidated itself in what we hoped it would become:

在我们的期望中

a national network of hundreds of young people,

一个全国网络，拥有许多的年轻人

self-organizing themselves locally

在当地自我组织

to cover social, human rights issues,

去报道社会，和一些人权问题

and expressing themselves not only politically

也让他们可以不仅政治地，也能报刊地

but journalistically.

表达自己

What I started to do in the beginning of this year,

在今年的年初，我开始

as Mídia NINJA is already a self-organizing network,

当 NINJA 已经变成了一个自我组织的网络

I'm dedicating myself to another project.

我开始了另一个项目

It's called Fluxo, which is Portuguese for "stream."

叫 Fluxo，在葡萄牙语中是 “直播”

It's a journalism studio in São Paulo downtown,

是一个新闻演播室，在圣保罗的市中心

where I used livestream to experiment

在那里，我用直播去做实验

with what I call post-television formats.

我叫这个“后电视格式”

But I'm also trying to come up with ways to finance independent journalism

但是我也在想办法去为自由报道集资

through a direct relationship with an audience,

用和听众直接联系

with an active audience,

和一些活跃，主动的听众

because now I really want to try to make a living

因为这次，我想尝试营生

out of my tear gas resolution back then.

用我当初的催泪瓦斯计划

But there's something more significant here,

这次，它更有重要性

something that I believe is more important and more crucial than my personal example.

这个我相信比我的个人例子更重要，更关键

I said that livestream could turn the web into a colossal TV network,

我先面说过，直播可以将网络变成个巨大的电视

but I believe it does something else,

但我还相信另一个事情

because after watching people using it,

因为看到这么多人用了它之后

not only to cover things but to express, to organize themselves politically,

不只是报道，但是用他们去政治性的组织自己

I believe livestream can turn cyberspace into a global political arena

我相信直播可以将网络空间变成一个全球政治场所

where everyone might have a voice,

在那里，每个人都拥有声音

a proper voice,

被正视的声音

because livestream takes the monopoly of the broadcast political discourse,

因为直播将不再让政治演讲垄断新闻播报

of the verbal aspect of the political dialogue

让那些在政治方面的语言自由

out of the mouths of just politicians and political pundits alone,

不再只是政治家或权威人士的专利

and it empowers the citizen through this direct and non-mediated power

通过这种直接，非传达的方式交流和交换经验

of exchanging experiences and dialogue,

让人们能够

empowers them to question and to influence authorities

提问题，和影响权威

in ways in which we are about to see.

在我们即将看到的方面

And I believe it does something else that might be even more important,

我相信它之所以这么重要，还因为

that the simplicity of the technology can merge objectivity and subjectivity

这么简单的科技可以合并客观性和主观性

in a very political way, as I see it,

用非常政治的方式，在我看来

because it really helps the audience,

因为它真的可以帮助到观众

the citizen, to see the world through somebody else's eye,

人民去看这个世界用另一个人的眼睛

so it helps the citizen to put him- or herself

所以它帮助人民，将他们自己

in other people's place.

放入别人的立场，环境中

And that idea, I think, should be the intention,

而我觉得，这就是我们的目的

should be the goal of any good journalism, any good activism,

这应该是每一位优秀的报导者，行动者的目标

but most of all, any good politics.

但最重要，在任何好的政治中。

Thank you very much. It was an honor.

谢谢大家，我很荣幸。

(Applause)

（掌声）