Jonathan Drori: Every pollen grain has a story

38,406 views ・ 2010-04-08

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Kyu Baik Chang κ²€ν† : QO Chang
00:15
Thank you. I have two missions here today.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 였늘 이야기 ν•  것은 2가지 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
The first is to tell you something about pollen, I hope,
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첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” 꽃가루에 λŒ€ν•œ 것인데
00:22
and to convince you that it's more than just something that gets up your nose.
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그것이 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μ½”λ₯Ό κΉ¨μš°λŠ” 것 이상이라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
And, secondly, to convince you
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λ‘λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” μ œκ°€ 확신컨데
00:27
that every home really ought to have a scanning electron microscope.
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λͺ¨λ“  가정은 SEM (μ „μžν˜„λ―Έκ²½μ˜ 일쒅) 이미지λ₯Ό 봐야 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것이죠
00:30
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
00:32
Pollen is a flower's way of making more flowers.
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κ½ƒκ°€λ£¨λŠ” 더 λ§Žμ€ 꽃을 λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•œ κ·Έλ“€λ§Œμ˜ λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
It carries male sex cells
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κ½ƒκ°€λ£¨λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ κ½ƒμ—μ„œ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ½ƒμœΌλ‘œ
00:38
from one flower to another.
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λ‚¨μ„±μ˜ 세포λ₯Ό μš΄λ°˜ν•˜μ£ 
00:40
This gives us genetic diversity,
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이것은 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μœ μ „μ μΈ 닀양성을 주기도 ν•˜κ³ 
00:42
or at least it gives the plants genetic diversity.
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적어도 μ‹λ¬Όμ—κ²ŒλŠ” μœ μ „μ μΈ 닀양성을 μ£Όμ£ .
00:44
And it's really rather better not to mate with yourself.
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그리고, 그것은 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 슀슀둜 짝을 μ§€μ–΄μ£ΌλŠ” 것 λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” λ‚«μ£ 
00:48
That's probably true of humans as well, mostly.
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 경우 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œλ„ λ§žμ„ κ»λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
Pollen is produced by the anthers of flowers.
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κ½ƒκ°€λ£¨λŠ” κ½ƒλ“€μ˜ 꽃λ°₯에 μ˜ν•΄ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
Each anther can carry up to 100,000 grains of pollen,
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각각의 꽃λ°₯은 10만개 κΉŒμ§€μ˜ 꽃가루듀을 μ΄λ™μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
so, it's quite prolific stuff.
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μ •λ§λ‘œ λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ λ²ˆμ‹λ ₯이죠.
01:01
And it isn't just bright flowers
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그리고 그것은 단지 꽃가루λ₯Ό 가진 κ½ƒλ§Œμ˜ κ²½μš°λ§Œμ€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
that have pollen; it's also trees and grasses.
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λ‚˜λ¬΄λ‚˜ 풀도 ν•΄λ‹Ήλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
And remember that all our cereal crops are grasses as well.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•„λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  곑물 μ—­μ‹œ ν’€μ΄λΌλŠ”κ²ƒμ„ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”
01:12
Here is a scanning electron micrograph of a grain of pollen.
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μ—¬κΈ°, 꽃가루 ν•œκ°œμ˜ SEM 이미지가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
The little hole in the middle, we'll come to a bit later,
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κ°€μš΄λ° μž‘μ€ ꡬ멍듀은 쑰금 λ‚˜μ€‘μ— 이야기 ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜μ£ 
01:19
but that's for the pollen tube
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그것은 꽃가루가 λ‚˜μ€‘μ— λ‚˜μ˜€κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μž‘μ€ 튜브죠.
01:21
to come out later on. A very tiny tube.
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μ•„μ£Ό μž‘μ€ 튜브 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
So, that's 20 micrometers across,
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그리고 μ—¬κΈ° λ³΄μ΄λŠ” κ½ƒκ°€λ£¨μ˜ 지름은
01:25
that pollen grain there.
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겨우 20um μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
That's about a 50th of a millimeter.
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜λ©΄ 1mm 의 50λΆ„μ˜ 1이죠
01:29
But not all pollen is quite so simple looking.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λͺ¨λ“  꽃가루가 λ³΄μ΄λŠ”κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λ‹¨μˆœν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
This is Morina. This is a plant --
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이건 Morina μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
which I've always thought to be rather tedious --
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μ œκ°€ 항상 μ§€λ£¨ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμΈλ°μš”.
01:37
named after Morin,
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Morin의 μ΄λ¦„μ—μ„œ λ”°μ™”μ£ 
01:39
who was an enterprising French gardener,
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ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ—μ„œ 정원사업을 μš΄μ˜ν•˜λ˜ μ‚¬λžŒμœΌλ‘œ
01:41
who issued the first seed catalog
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1621λ…„μ—λŠ” 졜초둜
01:43
in 1621.
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μ”¨μ•—μ˜ μΉ΄νƒˆλ‘œκ·Έλ₯Ό μΆœνŒν–ˆλ˜ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄μ£ 
01:45
But anyway, take a look at its pollen.
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λ‹€μ‹œ 본둠으둜 λŒμ•„μ™€μ„œ, 이 꽃가루λ₯Ό λ³΄μ‹œμ£ 
01:49
This is amazing, I think.
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μ œκ°€ 보기엔 이건 맀우 λ†€λž„ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
That little hole in the middle there is for the pollen tube,
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κ°€μš΄λ° μžˆλŠ” μž‘μ€ ꡬ멍이 꽃가루 튜브λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 것이죠.
01:53
and when the pollen finds its special female spot
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그리고 꽃가루가 νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 쒅착역을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ˜€μ„λ•Œ
01:56
in another Morina flower,
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즉, λ‹€λ₯Έ Morina 꽃 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
just on the right species, what happens?
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μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ μ’…μž μœ„μ— 말이죠. 무슨일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚ κΉŒμš”?
02:01
Like I said, pollen carries the male sex cells.
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μ œκ°€ λ§ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ, κ½ƒκ°€λ£¨λŠ” λ‚¨μ„±μ„Έν¬μ˜ μš΄λ°˜μ„ λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
If you actually didn't realize that plants have sex,
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 식물듀이 성을 가지고 μžˆλ‹€λŠ”κ²ƒμ„ 깨닫지 λͺ»ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄
02:07
they have rampant, promiscuous
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그듀은 λ‚œμž‘ν•˜κ³  κ±·μž‘μ„ 수 μ—†μ–΄ μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
and really quite interesting and curious sex. Really.
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그리고 μ •λ§λ‘œ κ½€ ν₯미있고 ν˜ΈκΈ°μ‹¬μ΄ λ§Žμ€ 성이죠.
02:11
(Laughter) A lot.
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:15
My story is actually not about plant propagation,
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제 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ‹λ¬Όμ˜ 확산에 κ΄€ν•œκ²Œ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
but about pollen itself.
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꽃가루 κ·Έ 자체죠.
02:20
"So, what are pollen's properties?" I hear you ask.
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자, κ½ƒκ°€λ£¨μ˜ νŠΉμ„±μ— κ΄€ν•œ μ œκ°€ 듀은 μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
First of all, pollen is tiny. Yes we know that.
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μš°μ„ , κ½ƒκ°€λ£¨λŠ” μž‘μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ„€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€λ„ μ•Œκ³  있죠
02:25
It's also very biologically active,
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그리고 μƒλ¬Όν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ 맀우 ν™œλ™μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
as anyone with hay fever will understand.
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꽃가루 μ•ŒλŸ¬μ§€λ₯Ό 가진 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λΌλ©΄ μ‰½κ²Œ 이해할 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
Now, pollen from plants, which are wind-dispersed --
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μ‹λ¬Όλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ‚˜μ˜¨ 꽃가루듀은 λ°”λžŒμ— 잘 ν©λ‚ λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
like trees and grasses and so on --
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λ‚˜λ¬΄λ‚˜ 풀듀도 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μ£ 
02:35
tend to cause the most hay fever.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 꽃가루 μ•Œλ ˆλ₯΄κΈ°λ₯Ό μΌμœΌν‚€λŠ” 것과 λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
And the reason for that is they've got to chuck out
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이런 μ΄μœ λ“€ λ•Œλ¬Έμ—,
02:39
masses and masses of pollen to have any chance
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λ§Žμ€ 꽃가루듀이 λ‹€λ₯Έ 동일 μ’…μ˜ 식물듀에 λ„λ‹¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
02:41
of the pollen reaching another plant of the same species.
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λ§Žμ€ 확인듀을 ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
Here are some examples --
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μ—¬κΈ° λͺ‡κ°€μ§€ μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
they're very smooth if you look at them --
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λ°”λžŒμ— μ˜ν•΄ μš΄λ°˜λ˜μ–΄ μ§€λŠ” λ‚˜λ¬΄ 꽃가루λ₯Ό
02:50
of tree pollen that is meant to be carried by the wind.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ³Έλ‹€κ³  ν•˜λ©΄ 맀우 λΆ€λ“œλŸ¬μ›Œ 보이죠
02:53
Again -- this time, sycamore -- wind-dispersed.
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μ—­μ‹œ μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” ν”ŒλΌνƒ€λ„ˆμŠ€κ°€ λ°”λžŒμ— ν©λ‚ λ¦¬λŠ”κ²ƒμ„ 보죠
02:55
So, trees: very boring flowers,
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λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 것 처럼 λ‚˜λ¬΄λ“€μ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 곀좩듀을 μœ ν˜Ήν•˜λ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
not really trying to attract insects.
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μ •λ§λ‘œ μž¬λ―Έμ—†μ–΄ 보이죠.
03:01
Cool pollen, though.
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멋진 꽃가루 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
This one I particularly like.
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이건 μ œκ°€ 특히 μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
This is the Monterey Pine, which has little air sacks
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이것은 μž‘μ€ 곡기 μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆλ₯Ό 가진 Monterey μ†Œλ‚˜λ¬΄ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
to make the pollen carry even further.
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κ³΅κΈ°μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” 꽃가루가 더 멀리가도둝 도와주죠.
03:10
Remember, that thing is just about 30 micrometers across.
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κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λ©΄, 이것은 겨우 30um μ •λ„μ˜ 지름을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
Now, it's much more efficient if you can get insects to do your bidding.
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μˆ˜μ •μ„ μœ„ν•΄ 곀좩을 ν™œμš©ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ μ’€ 더 νš¨μœ¨μ μ΄κ² μ§€μš”.
03:17
This is a bee's leg
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이것은 벌의 닀리 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
with the pollen glommed onto it from a mallow plant.
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μ•„μš±μ‹λ¬Όμ˜ 꽃가루 방울 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:24
And this is the outrageous and beautiful
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그리고 이것은 맀우 좩격적이고 μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄
03:26
flower of the mangrove palm.
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망그둜브 μ•Όμžμˆ˜μ˜ 꽃 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
Very showy, to attract lots of insects to do its bidding.
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맀우 ν™”λ €ν•˜μ£ . 곀좩듀을 많이 λΆ€λ₯Ό 수 μžˆμ„ μ •λ„λ‘œ 맀λ ₯μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
The pollen has little barbs on it,
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κ½ƒκ°€λ£¨μ—λŠ” μž‘μ€ λ‚šμ‹œλ°”λŠ˜ 같은 것듀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
if we look.
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자 ν•œλ²ˆ λ³΄μ‹œμ£ 
03:35
Now, those little barbs
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μž‘μ€ λ°”λŠ˜λ“€ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
obviously stick to the insects well,
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이런 λ°”λŠ˜λ“€μ΄ κ³€μΆ©μ—κ²Œ 잘 λ‹¬λΌλΆ™κ²Œ 도와주죠
03:40
but there is something else that we can tell from this photograph,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 이 사진듀을 λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄ λ‹€λ₯Έκ²ƒλ“€μ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
and that is that you might be able to see a fracture line
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λ§Œμ•½ 그것이 지ꡬ라면, μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ 적도λ₯Ό κ°€λ‘œμ§€λ₯΄λŠ”
03:44
across what would be the equator of this, if it was the Earth.
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균열을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
That tells me that it's actually been fossilized, this pollen.
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그것은 이 꽃가루듀이 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 화석화 λ˜λ²„λ¦°λ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ§ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
And I'm rather proud to say
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그리고, μ €λŠ” λŸ°λ˜κ·Όμ²˜μ—μ„œ λ°œκ²¬ν•œκ²ƒμ„ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κΈ°λ₯Ό μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ”λ°
03:52
that this was found just near London, and that 55 million years ago
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5천 5백만 λ…„ 전에
03:55
London was full of mangroves.
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λŸ°λ˜μ€ λ§κ·Έλ‘œλΈŒλ‚˜λ¬΄λ‘œ 가득 μ°¨ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
Isn't that cool?
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멋지지 μ•Šλ‚˜μš”?
04:00
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
04:03
Okay, so this is another species evolved to be dispersed by insects.
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λ„€, 이것은 곀좩듀에 μ˜ν•΄ 사라진 λ˜λ‹€λ₯Έ 쒅이죠
04:06
You can tell that from the little barbs on there.
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이제 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 꽃가루에 μž‘μ€ λ°”λŠ˜μ΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 말할 수 있겠죠.
04:09
All these pictures were taken with a scanning electron microscope,
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λ³΄μ‹œλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  사진은 SEM 으둜 촬영된 μ‚¬μ§„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:12
actually in the lab at Kew Laboratories.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ Kew Lab. μ—μ„œ μ΄¬μ˜λ˜μ—ˆμ£ 
04:14
No coincidence that these were taken
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μ•„ν‹°μŠ€νŠΈμΈ Rob Kessler에 μ˜ν•΄
04:16
by Rob Kesseler, who is an artist,
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μ–΄λ– ν•œ μ‘°μž‘λ„ 없이 촬영 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:18
and I think it's someone with a design and artistic eye
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그리고 그와 같은 λ””μžμΈκ³Ό 예술적인 μ•ˆλͺ©μ΄ μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ€
04:21
like him that has managed to bring out the best in pollen.
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꽃가루에 κ΄€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 졜고라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:25
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
04:27
Now, all this diversity
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자, λͺ¨λ“  이런 닀양성듀은
04:29
means that you can look at a pollen grain
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ λ³΄μ‹œλŠ” 꽃가루λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•˜κ³ 
04:31
and tell what species it came from,
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μ–΄λ””μ„œλΆ€ν„° 온 것인지 말해주죠.
04:34
and that's actually quite handy if you
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 이것듀이 μ–΄λ””μ„œ λΆ€ν„° μ˜¨κ²ƒμΈμ§€ μ•ŒκΈ°λ₯Ό μ›ν•˜κ³ 
04:36
maybe have a sample and you want to see where it came from.
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μƒ˜ν”Œλ“€μ„ 가지고 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ 그것을 μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄λŠ” 것은 맀우 μ‰½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:39
So, different species of plants
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자, 각각의 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ’…μžμ˜ 식물듀은
04:41
grow in different places,
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μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ³³μ—μ„œ μžλžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:43
and some pollen carries further than others.
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그리고 λͺ‡λͺ‡ 꽃가루듀은 λ‹€λ₯Έ 것듀 보닀 μ’€ 더 멀리 이동을 ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ£ 
04:47
So, if you have a pollen sample,
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 꽃가루 μƒ˜ν”Œμ„ 가지고 μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•˜λ©΄
04:50
then in principle, you should be able to tell
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ κ·Έ μƒ˜ν”Œλ“€μ΄
04:52
where that sample came from.
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μ–΄λ””μ„œ λΆ€ν„° μ™”λŠ”μ§€ 말할 수 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
And this is where it gets interesting for forensics.
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그리고 μ–΄λ””μ„œ μ™”λŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ ν₯미둜운 토둠거리가 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
Pollen is tiny. It gets on to things, and it sticks to them.
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κ½ƒκ°€λ£¨λŠ” μž‘μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 달라뢙죠
05:03
So, not only does each type of pollen look different,
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각각의 꽃가루듀이 λͺ¨μ–‘이 λ‹€λ₯Ό 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
05:05
but each habitat has a different combination of plants.
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각각의 μ„œμ‹μ§€μ—μ„œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ‹λ¬Όμ˜ 쑰합을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:09
A different pollen signature, if you like,
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 꽃가루 νŠΉμ§•κ³Ό
05:11
or a different pollen fingerprint.
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μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ½ƒκ°€λ£¨μ˜ 흔적듀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:16
By looking at the proportions and combinations
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 꽃가루 μƒ˜ν”Œμ˜
05:18
of different kinds of pollen in a sample,
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일뢀뢄과 쑰합을 해보면
05:21
you can tell very precisely where it came from.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ •ν™•νžˆ 그것듀이 μ–΄λ””μ„œ μ™”λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:24
This is some pollen embedded in a cotton shirt,
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이것은 μ½”νŠΌ 셔츠에 λ¬»μ–΄μžˆλ˜ κ½ƒκ°€λ£¨μΈλ°μš”
05:27
similar to the one that I'm wearing now.
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μ œκ°€ μ§€κΈˆ μž…κ³  μžˆλŠ”κ²ƒκ³Ό λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜κ΅°μš”
05:30
Now, much of the pollen will still be there
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 꽃가루듀은 λ°˜λ³΅ν•΄μ„œ 빨래λ₯Ό 해도
05:32
after repeated washings.
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κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ 그곳에 λ‚¨μ•„μžˆκ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:34
Where has it been?
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어디에 μˆ¨μ–΄ μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
05:37
Four very different habitats might look similar,
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4κ°€μ§€μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ„œμ‹μ§€λ“€μ€ μœ μ‚¬ν•΄ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ
05:39
but they've got very different pollen signatures.
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각기 λ‹€λ₯Έ 꽃가루 νŠΉμ„±μ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:42
Actually this one is particularly easy, these pictures were all taken
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 첫번째 것은 맀우 쉽죠.
05:44
in different countries.
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이것듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:46
But pollen forensics can be very subtle.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 꽃가루λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•œ μˆ˜μ‚¬λŠ” 맀우 μœ μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:48
It's being used now to track
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이것듀은 κ°€μ§œ 약듀이 μ–΄λ””μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘ŒλŠ”μ§€
05:50
where counterfeit drugs have been made,
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μΆ”μ ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³  있고
05:52
where banknotes have come from,
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지폐듀이 μ–΄λ””μ„œ μ™”λŠ”μ§€
05:55
to look at the provenance of antiques
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κ³¨λ™ν’ˆμ˜ 좜처λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„ 보기도 ν•˜κ³ 
05:57
and see that they really did come from the place
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νŒλ§€μƒλ“€μ΄ λ§ν•΄μ€¬λ˜ κ·Έ 물건듀이 μ™”λ˜ μž₯μ†Œλ₯Ό
05:59
the seller said they did.
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말해주기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:02
And murder suspects have been tracked
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살인 ν˜μ˜μžλ“€μ„ 좔적할 λ•Œ
06:04
using their clothing,
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ˜·μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:06
certainly in the U.K., to within an area
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특히, 영ꡭ의 νŠΉμ •μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œλŠ”
06:09
that's small enough that you can send in tracker dogs
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μ‚΄μΈμ‚¬κ±΄μ˜ ν¬μƒμžλ“€μ„ μ°Ύμ•„λ‚΄λŠ”λ°λŠ”
06:11
to find the murder victim.
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μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ ν•œ 역할을 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 경찰견처럼 말이죠.
06:13
So, you can tell from a piece of clothing
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μˆ˜ν‚¬λ‘œλ―Έν„° μ•ˆμ— μžˆλŠ”
06:15
to within about a kilometer or so,
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옷의 μž‘μ€ 쑰각으둜 λΆ€ν„°
06:19
where that piece of clothing has been recently
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κ·Έ μ˜·μ‘°κ°λ“€μ΄ μ΅œκ·Όμ— μ–΄λ””λ₯Ό λ‹€λ…€μ™”λŠ”μ§€
06:21
and then send in dogs.
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μ•Œ 수 μžˆλŠ” 것이죠
06:24
And finally, in a rather grizzly way,
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ , 약간은 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ§€λ§Œ,
06:27
the Bosnia war crimes;
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λ³΄μŠ€λ‹ˆμ•„ μ „μŸμ— λŒ€ν•œ 이야기 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:29
some of the people brought to trial were brought to trial
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일뢀 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ κ½ƒκ°€λ£¨μ˜ 증거둜 μΈν•΄μ„œ
06:32
because of the evidence from pollen,
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μž¬νŒμ— νšŒλΆ€λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  말을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
which showed that bodies had been buried,
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κ·Έ κ½ƒκ°€λ£¨λŠ” μ‹œμ²΄λ“€μ΄ 맀μž₯λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€κ°€, λ‹€μ‹œ λ°œκ΅΄λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°
06:36
exhumed and then reburied somewhere else.
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μ–΄λ”˜κ°€μ— λ‹€μ‹œ λ¬»ν˜”λ‹€λŠ”κ²ƒμ„ λ§ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:41
I hope I've opened your eyes,
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μ €λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λˆˆμ„ 뜨기λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:43
if you'll excuse the visual pun, (Laughter)
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ κ½ƒκ°€λ£¨μ˜ 비밀에 κ΄€ν•œ
06:45
to some of pollen's secrets.
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ 말μž₯λ‚œλ“€μ„ 웃어 λ„˜κΈΈ 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ 말이죠.
06:47
This is a horse chestnut.
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μ–΄μ°Œλκ±΄, 이건 λ§ˆλ‘œλ‹ˆμ— 열맀 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:49
There is an invisible beauty all around us,
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우리 주변에 μžˆλŠ” 보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μ›€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:51
each grain with a story to tell ...
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λͺ¨λ“  곑물듀은 이야기λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:53
each of us, in fact, with a story to tell
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사싀, 우리 κ°œκ°œμΈλ“€λ„ 이야기λ₯Ό 가지고 있죠
06:55
from the pollen fingerprint that's upon us.
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μžˆλŠ” 꽃가루 ν”μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ€ν„° λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:58
Thank you to the colleagues at Kew,
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Kew 의 λ™λ£Œλ“€μ—κ²Œ κ°μ‚¬λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:00
and thank you to palynologists everywhere.
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전세계에 계신 λͺ¨λ“  ν™”λΆ„ν•™μžλΆ„λ“€μ—κ²Œ κ°μ‚¬λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:02
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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