How we're growing baby corals to rebuild reefs | Kristen Marhaver

134,790 views ใƒป 2015-12-23

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Ju Hye Lim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Lee Juwon
00:12
What was the most difficult job you ever did?
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•œ ์ผ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋˜ ์ผ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
00:15
Was it working in the sun?
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๋•ก๋ณ•์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
00:17
Was it working to provide food for a family or a community?
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์–‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
00:21
Was it working days and nights trying to protect lives and property?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐค๋‚ฎ์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•œ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
00:25
Was it working alone
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ํ˜ผ์ž ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:26
or working on a project that wasn't guaranteed to succeed,
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์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด์žฅ์€ ์—†์–ด๋„
00:30
but that might improve human health or save a life?
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์ผ ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
00:33
Was it working to build something, create something, make a work of art?
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ง“๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฑฐ์˜€๋‚˜์š”?
00:38
Was it work for which you were never sure
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
00:41
you were fully understood or appreciated?
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๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:45
The people in our communities who do these jobs
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
00:47
deserve our attention, our love and our deepest support.
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๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘, ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์‘์›์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
But people aren't the only ones in our communities
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งŒ์ด
00:53
who do these difficult jobs.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
These jobs are also done by the plants, the animals
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์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋™๋ฌผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
and the ecosystems on our planet,
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01:01
including the ecosystems I study: the tropical coral reefs.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—ด๋Œ€ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๋„ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
Coral reefs are farmers.
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๋Š” ๋†๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
They provide food, income and food security
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๋Š” ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜์–ต ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋จน๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ˆ˜์ž…, ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
for hundreds of millions of people around the world.
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01:13
Coral reefs are security guards.
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋น„์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
The structures that they build protect our shorelines
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ํ•ด์ผ๊ณผ ํŒŒ๋„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•ด์•ˆ์„ ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ณ ,
01:18
from storm surge and waves,
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01:20
and the biological systems that they house filter the water
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฌผ์„ ์ •ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ
01:24
and make it safer for us to work and play.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์‰ฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
Coral reefs are chemists.
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๋Š” ์•ฝ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
The molecules that we're discovering on coral reefs are increasingly important
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž๋Š”
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ญ์•”์ œ์™€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
in the search for new antibiotics and new cancer drugs.
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01:37
And coral reefs are artists.
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
The structures that they build
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
are some of the most beautiful things on planet Earth.
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01:43
And this beauty is the foundation of the tourism industry
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์€
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฒœ์—ฐ์ž์›์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ด‘์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
in many countries with few or little other natural resources.
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01:51
So for all of these reasons, all of these ecosystem services,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด์œ ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:55
economists estimate the value of the world's coral reefs
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๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ
01:57
in the hundreds of billions of dollars per year.
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์ผ ๋…„์— ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ์กฐ ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
And yet despite all that hard work being done for us
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ํž˜๋“  ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:04
and all that wealth that we gain,
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๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„,
02:06
we have done almost everything we possibly could to destroy that.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
We have taken the fish out of the oceans
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žก์•˜๊ณ 
02:13
and we have added in fertilizer, sewage,
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๋น„๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ•˜์ˆ˜, ์งˆ๋ณ‘, ์„์œ , ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ
02:15
diseases, oil, pollution, sediments.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์นจ์ „๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
We have trampled the reefs physically with our boats, our fins, our bulldozers,
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๋ฐฐ์™€ ์•ˆ์ •ํŒ, ๋ถˆ๋„์ €๋กœ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ง“๋ฐŸ๊ณ 
02:23
and we have changed the chemistry of the entire sea,
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์ „์ฒด์˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
02:26
warmed the waters and made storms worse.
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์ˆ˜์˜จ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ํญํ’์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:28
And these would all be bad on their own,
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๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ธ๋ฐ,
02:30
but these threats magnify each other
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜์–ด ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์ปค์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
and compound one another and make each other worse.
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02:35
I'll give you an example.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
Where I live and work, in Curaรงao, a tropical storm went by a few years ago.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ธ ํ€ด๋ผ์†Œ์— ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „ ์—ด๋Œ€ ํญํ’์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
And on the eastern end of the island,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์†์ด ๋‹ฟ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์•”์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ์™•์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ž๋˜ ์„ฌ์˜ ๋™์ชฝ์€
02:43
where the reefs are intact and thriving,
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02:45
you could barely tell a tropical storm had passed.
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ํญํ’์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ํ”์  ์กฐ์ฐจ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
But in town, where corals had died from overfishing, from pollution,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ๋‚จํš๊ณผ ์˜ค์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์€ ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ๋Š”
02:53
the tropical storm picked up the dead corals
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์—ด๋Œ€ ํญํ’์ด ์ฃฝ์€ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ง‘์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ ค
02:55
and used them as bludgeons to kill the corals that were left.
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๊ณค๋ด‰์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋˜ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
This is a coral that I studied during my PhD --
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์ด๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ • ๋•Œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
I got to know it quite well.
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๋•๋ถ„์— ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:03
And after this storm took off half of its tissue,
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์ด ํญํ’์ด ์„ธํฌ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์„ ์—†์•ค ํ›„,
03:06
it became infested with algae,
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ์—๋Š” ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋“์—ˆ๊ณ  ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์กฐ์ง ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ปค์ง€์ž
03:08
the algae overgrew the tissue and that coral died.
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋Š” ์ฃฝ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
This magnification of threats, this compounding of factors
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์ด๋ ‡๋“ฏ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
03:15
is what Jeremy Jackson describes as the "slippery slope to slime."
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์ œ๋ ˆ๋ฏธ ์žญ์Šจ์€ "์ ์•ก์œผ๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฎ์—ฌ ๋ฏธ๋Œ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ฉด"์ด๋ผ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
It's hardly even a metaphor because many of our reefs now
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ํ•ด์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฎํžŒ
03:24
are literally bacteria and algae and slime.
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์ ์•ก ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์€์œ ๋ผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ •๋„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
Now, this is the part of the talk
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ฏค์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”
03:30
where you may expect me to launch into my plea
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03:33
for us to all save the coral reefs.
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๋ถ€ํƒ์„ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
03:36
But I have a confession to make:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฐฑํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
03:39
that phrase drives me nuts.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์€ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
Whether I see it in a tweet, in a news headline
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ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ์—์„œ, ๋‰ด์Šค ๋จธ๋ฆฟ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๊ฑด
03:46
or the glossy pages of a conservation brochure,
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๋ฒˆ๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์ข…์ด๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ž์—ฐ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ฑ…์ž์—์„œ๊ฑด
03:49
that phrase bothers me,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์€ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
because we as conservationists have been sounding the alarms
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์ž์—ฐ๋ณดํ˜ธ์šด๋™๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
์ˆ˜ ์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™”์ง€๋งŒ,
03:54
about the death of coral reefs for decades.
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03:56
And yet, almost everyone I meet, no matter how educated,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์ด
04:01
is not sure what a coral is or where they come from.
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๊ณ  ํ˜น์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
How would we get someone to care about the world's coral reefs
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ
04:08
when it's an abstract thing they can barely understand?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:13
If they don't understand what a coral is or where it comes from,
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ 
04:16
or how funny or interesting or beautiful it is,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๊ณ  ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ณ  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด์ง€๋„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:19
why would we expect them to care about saving them?
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์™œ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ ?
04:22
So let's change that.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:23
What is a coral and where does it come from?
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์งˆ๊นŒ์š”?
04:27
Corals are born in a number of different ways,
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
but most often by mass spawning: all of the individuals of a single species
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์‚ฐ๋ž€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•œ ์ข…์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐœ์ฑ„๋“ค์ด ์ผ ๋…„ ์ค‘ ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์—
04:33
on one night a year,
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04:35
releasing all the eggs they've made that year
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๊ทธ ํ•ด์— ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ชจ๋“  ์•Œ์„ ๋ฌผ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์œผ๋กœ
04:37
into the water column,
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์ •์ž์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฌถ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
packaged into bundles with sperm cells.
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04:41
And those bundles go to the surface of the ocean and break apart.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌถ์Œ์€ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์„œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
And hopefully -- hopefully -- at the surface of the ocean,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ง ์šด์ด ์ข‹์œผ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์œ„์—์„œ
04:47
they meet the eggs and sperm from other corals.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์˜ ๋‚œ์ž์™€ ์ •์ž๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
And that is why you need lots of corals on a coral reef --
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
so that all of their eggs can meet their match at the surface.
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๋‚œ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ง์„ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
04:57
When they're fertilized, they do what any other animal egg does:
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์ˆ˜์ •๋˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ์•Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
divides in half again and again and again.
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๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‚˜๋‰˜๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์ฃ .
05:03
Taking these photos under the microscope every year
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๋งค๋…„ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ๋Š” ๊ฑด
05:05
is one of my favorite and most magical moments of the year.
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ํ•œ ํ•ด ์ค‘ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฒ•๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
At the end of all this cell division, they turn into a swimming larva --
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์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„์—ด์ด ๋‹ค ๋๋‚œ ๋’ค, ์•Œ์€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ถฉ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
a little tiny blob of fat the size of a poppy seed,
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์”จ์•—๋งŒํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
05:16
but with all of the sensory systems that we have.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:19
They can sense color and light, textures, chemicals, pH.
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์ƒ‰๊ณผ ๋น›, ๊ฐ์ด‰, ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์†Œ์ด์˜จ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
They can even feel pressure waves; they can hear sound.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์••๋ ฅํŒŒ๋„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
And they use those talents
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋ถ™์–ด
05:29
to search the bottom of the reef for a place to attach
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ํ‰์ƒ ์‚ด ๊ณณ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
and live the rest of their lives.
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ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์ง€ 2์ผ ๋ฐ–์— ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:34
So imagine finding a place where you would live the rest of your life
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05:37
when you were just two days old.
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ํ‰์ƒ ์‚ด ๊ณณ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:39
They attach in the place they find most suitable,
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ๋‹นํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ๋ถ™์–ด์„œ
05:42
they build a skeleton underneath themselves,
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ‘์— ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
they build a mouth and tentacles,
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์ž…๊ณผ ์ด‰์ˆ˜๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
05:46
and then they begin the difficult work of building the world's coral reefs.
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์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ž‘์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:51
One coral polyp will divide itself again and again and again,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ถฉ์€ ๊ณ„์† ๋ถ„์—ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์—ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋ถ„์—ดํ•ด์„œ
05:54
leaving a limestone skeleton underneath itself
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์ž์‹  ๋ฐ‘์— ์„ํšŒ๋กœ ๋œ ๋ผˆ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋ฉด์„œ
05:57
and growing up toward the sun.
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ํƒœ์–‘์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์ž๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
Given hundreds of years and many species,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ข…์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ
06:02
what you get is a massive limestone structure
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์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ข…์ข… ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋ถ€์ง€๋Ÿฐํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์–‡์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ๋ฎ์ธ
06:05
that can be seen from space in many cases,
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06:07
covered by a thin skin of these hardworking animals.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ํšŒ์•” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
Now, there are only a few hundred species of corals on the planet, maybe 1,000.
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์— ๋ช‡ ๋ฐฑ ์ข… ๋ฐ–์— ๋‚จ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1000์ข…์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
06:16
But these systems house millions and millions of other species,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์กฐ์ง์ฒด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์˜ ์„œ์‹์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ ,
06:21
and that diversity is what stabilizes the systems,
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์ด ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ์•ˆ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค์ฃผ๋ฉฐ
06:23
and it's where we're finding our new medicines.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•ฝ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
It's how we find new sources of food.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋จน๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
I'm lucky enough to work on the island of Curaรงao,
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ํ€ด๋ผ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ํ–‰์šด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
where we still have reefs that look like this.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—๋Š” ์•„์ง๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
06:34
But, indeed, much of the Caribbean and much of our world
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์นด๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ ํ•ด์™€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
06:38
is much more like this.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
Scientists have studied in increasing detail
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ
06:43
the loss of the world's coral reefs,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ ์†์‹ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
06:45
and they have documented with increasing certainty the causes.
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๊ทธ ์›์ธ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
But in my research, I'm not interested in looking backward.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์—ฐ์—ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
My colleagues and I in Curaรงao are interested in looking forward
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ํ€ด๋ผ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ €์™€ ์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
at what might be.
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06:56
And we have the tiniest reason to be optimistic.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚™์ฒœ์ ์ด์–ด๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
Because even in some of these reefs
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์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „์— ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ก๋์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
07:02
that we probably could have written off long ago,
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07:06
we sometimes see baby corals arrive and survive anyway.
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์ƒˆ๋ผ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ€๋” ๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
And we're starting to think that baby corals may have the ability
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋ผ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์ธ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋„ ์ ์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ
07:14
to adjust to some of the conditions that the adults couldn't.
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์ ์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
They may be able to adjust
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์ƒˆ๋ผ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด ํ–‰์„ฑ์—
07:20
ever so slightly more readily to this human planet.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋” ์ ์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ค€๋น„ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
So in the research I do with my colleagues in Curaรงao,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋™๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ€ด๋ผ์†Œ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
07:28
we try to figure out what a baby coral needs
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์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋ผ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์—๊ฒŒ
07:31
in that critical early stage,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€
07:33
what it's looking for
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07:34
and how we can try to help it through that process.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
I'm going to show you three examples of the work we've done
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ž‘์—… ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
07:39
to try to answer those questions.
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ต์„ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
A few years ago we took a 3D printer and we made coral choice surveys --
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์— 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ๋กœ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ƒ‰๊น”๊ณผ ์ด‰๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
different colors and different textures,
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07:49
and we simply asked the coral where they preferred to settle.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋””์— ์ •์ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
And we found that corals, even without the biology involved,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™๋„ ํ•„์š” ์—†์ด ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ์˜ ์ƒ‰์ธ
07:55
still prefer white and pink, the colors of a healthy reef.
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๋ถ„ํ™์ƒ‰๊ณผ ํฐ์ƒ‰์„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
And they prefer crevices and grooves and holes,
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ‹ˆ๊ณผ ํ™ˆ, ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
where they will be safe from being trampled
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ํฌ์‹์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žก์•„๋จนํžˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง“๋ฐŸํžˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
08:03
or eaten by a predator.
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08:05
So we can use this knowledge,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด ์š”์†Œ๋“ค ์ฆ‰, ๋ถ„ํ™์ƒ‰๊ณผ ํฐ์ƒ‰
08:06
we can go back and say we need to restore those factors --
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08:09
that pink, that white, those crevices, those hard surfaces --
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ํ‹ˆ๊ณผ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด์กด๊ณ„ํš์— ํฌํ•จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
in our conservation projects.
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08:14
We can also use that knowledge
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์กฐ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€๋‘ ๋“ฑ์„ ์„ค์น˜ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์ ์šฉ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
if we're going to put something underwater, like a sea wall or a pier.
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08:19
We can choose to use the materials and colors and textures
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์™€
08:22
that might bias the system back toward those corals.
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์ƒ‰๊น”๊ณผ ์ด‰๊ฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:27
Now in addition to the surfaces,
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:29
we also study the chemical and microbial signals
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด๋‹น๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™์ , ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์  ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
that attract corals to reefs.
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08:34
Starting about six years ago, I began culturing bacteria
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6๋…„ ์ „์ฏค๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ฐฉํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
from surfaces where corals had settled.
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08:39
And I tried those one by one by one,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
08:41
looking for the bacteria that would convince corals to settle and attach.
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ™๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
And we now have many bacterial strains in our freezer
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ณ ์—” ์ด์ œ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ฐฉ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ ๊ณผ์ •์„
08:49
that will reliably cause corals
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08:51
to go through that settlement and attachment process.
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๊ฑฐ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
So as we speak,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์—ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ์—๋„
08:55
my colleagues in Curaรงao are testing those bacteria
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ํ€ด๋ผ์†Œ์˜ ์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ
08:58
to see if they'll help us raise more coral settlers in the lab,
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์˜ ์ •์ฐฉ์„ ๋„์™€์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€,
09:01
and to see if those coral settlers will survive better
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์ •์ฐฉํ•œ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋” ์ž˜ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์„์ง€๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
when we put them back underwater.
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09:06
Now in addition to these tools, we also try to uncover the mysteries
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋„ ์•„์ง ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ข…์˜ ์‹ ๋น„๋ฅผ
09:09
of species that are under-studied.
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ํŒŒํ—ค์น˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
This is one of my favorite corals, and always has been:
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
dendrogyra cylindrus, the pillar coral.
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๋ด๋“œ๋กœ์ž์ด๋ผ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
I love it because it makes this ridiculous shape,
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๋ชจ์–‘์ด ํŠน์ดํ•˜๊ณ 
09:22
because its tentacles are fat and look fuzzy
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์ด‰์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋šฑ๋šฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ณด์†ก๋ณด์†กํ•ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์„œ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
and because it's rare.
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ํฌ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
09:26
Finding one of these on a reef is a treat.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์„ ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
In fact, it's so rare,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ํฌ๊ท€ํ•ด์„œ
09:30
that last year it was listed as a threatened species
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์ž‘๋…„์— ๋ฉธ์ข…์œ„๊ธฐ์ข… ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ์ ˆ๋ฉธ์œ„๊ธฐ์ข…์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
on the endangered species list.
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09:35
And this was in part because in over 30 years of research surveys,
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30๋…„์ด ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ
09:38
scientists had never found a baby pillar coral.
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
We weren't even sure if they could still reproduce,
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฒˆ์‹์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€,
09:45
or if they were still reproducing.
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๋ฒˆ์‹์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
So four years ago, we started following these at night
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 4๋…„ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐค์— ์ด ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
09:50
and watching to see if we could figure out when they spawn in Curaรงao.
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ํ€ด๋ผ์†Œ์—์„œ ์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฐ๋ž€์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
We got some good tips from our colleagues in Florida,
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2007๋…„๊ณผ 2008๋…„์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”
09:58
who had seen one in 2007, one in 2008,
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ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋น„๋ฒ•์„ ์ „์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ›์•„
10:02
and eventually we figured out when they spawn in Curaรงao
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ€ด๋ผ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ด ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฐ๋ž€์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
and we caught it.
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10:06
Here's a female on the left with some eggs in her tissue,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์™ผ์ชฝ์ด ์•”์ปท์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์กฐ์ง ์•ˆ์— ๊ณง ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•  ๋‚œ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:09
about to release them into the seawater.
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10:11
And here's a male on the right, releasing sperm.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์—๋Š” ์ •์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ปท์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
We collected this, we got it back to the lab, we got it to fertilize
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฑธ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
and we got baby pillar corals swimming in our lab.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
Thanks to the work of our scientific aunts and uncles,
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๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์„ ์กฐ๋“ค์ด ํ•ด๋‚ธ ์—…์ ๊ณผ
10:25
and thanks to the 10 years of practice we've had in Curaรงao
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10๋…„๋™์•ˆ ํ€ด๋ผ์†Œ์—์„œ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ ์ข…์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šต ๋•๋ถ„์—
10:27
at raising other coral species,
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10:30
we got some of those larvae to go through the rest of the process
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์œ ์ถฉ์ด ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ณ 
10:34
and settle and attach,
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์ •์ฐฉํ•ด์„œ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋˜์–ด
10:35
and turn into metamorphosed corals.
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
So this is the first pillar coral baby that anyone ever saw.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๋ณธ ์  ์—†๋Š” ์ฒซ ์ƒˆ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:49
And I have to say -- if you think baby pandas are cute,
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์ด ๋ง์ด ๊ผญ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๊ธฐ ํŒ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ค
10:52
this is cuter.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋” ๊ท€์—ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:56
So we're starting to figure out the secrets to this process,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
the secrets of coral reproduction and how we might help them.
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ฒˆ์‹๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„์š”.
11:03
And this is true all around the world;
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””๋“  ์ด๊ฑด ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
scientists are figuring out new ways to handle their embryos,
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์•„๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ •์ฐฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”
11:07
to get them to settle,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
maybe even figuring out the methods to preserve them at low temperatures,
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์ €์˜จ์—์„œ ๋ณด์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
so that we can preserve their genetic diversity
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์กดํ•˜๊ณ 
11:16
and work with them more often.
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ์™€ ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
11:18
But this is still so low-tech.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ €์ฐจ์›์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
We are limited by the space on our bench, the number of hands in the lab
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ๋„ ์ ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค ์ธ๋ ฅ๋„ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
11:27
and the number of coffees we can drink in any given hour.
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ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋งˆ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ปคํ”ผ์˜ ์–‘๋„ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
Now, compare that to our other crises
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์ด์ œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ„๊ธฐ์™€
11:34
and our other areas of concern as a society.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:38
We have advanced medical technology, we have defense technology,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ์ง„๋ณด๋œ ์˜ํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
11:41
we have scientific technology,
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๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
we even have advanced technology for art.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ์ง„๋ณด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
But our technology for conservation is behind.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณด์กด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋’ค์ณ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
Think back to the most difficult job you ever did.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋˜ ์ผ์„ ๋Œ์ด์ผœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:56
Many of you would say it was being a parent.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ํ•˜์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
My mother described being a parent
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์ œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:01
as something that makes your life far more amazing and far more difficult
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์ƒ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋” ๋†€๋ผ์šฐ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋” ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ
12:06
than you could've ever possibly imagined.
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๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
I've been trying to help corals become parents for over 10 years now.
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ 10๋…„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
And watching the wonder of life
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์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์‹ ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:15
has certainly filled me with amazement to the core of my soul.
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์ œ ์˜ํ˜ผ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋†€๋ผ์›€์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋งŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
But I've also seen how difficult it is for them to become parents.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ค์šด์ง€๋„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
The pillar corals spawned again two weeks ago,
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๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋Š” 2์ฃผ ์ „์— ๋˜ ์‚ฐ๋ž€์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
and we collected their eggs and brought them back to the lab.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์•Œ์„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
And here you see one embryo dividing,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐ์•„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์—ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
alongside 14 eggs that didn't fertilize
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์ˆ˜์ •๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด ํ„ฐ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ 
12:34
and will blow up.
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14๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•Œ๋“ค ์˜†์—์„œ์š”.
12:36
They'll be infected with bacteria, they will explode
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์ด ์•Œ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์–ด ํ„ฐ์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
and those bacteria will threaten the life of this one embryo
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ์‚ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”
์ด ๋ฐฐ์•„์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
that has a chance.
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12:45
We don't know if it was our handling methods that went wrong
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
and we don't know
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ํ˜น์€ ์ด ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ์—์„œ ์ด ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋งŒ
12:50
if it was just this coral on this reef, always suffering from low fertility.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ €์ถœ์‚ฐ์„ ๊ฒช์–ด์™”์„ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
Whatever the cause,
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์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋˜
12:56
we have much more work to do before we can use baby corals
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋ผ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€
13:01
to grow or fix or, yes, maybe save coral reefs.
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ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
So never mind that they're worth hundreds of billions of dollars.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์“ธ ๊ฒจ๋ฅผ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
Coral reefs are hardworking animals and plants and microbes and fungi.
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ง€๋Ÿฐํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด์ž ์‹๋ฌผ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด์ž ๊ท ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
They're providing us with art and food and medicine.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์Œ์‹๊ณผ ์•ฝ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
And we almost took out an entire generation of corals.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์—†์•จ ๋ป” ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:23
But a few made it anyway, despite our best efforts,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ง“์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
and now it's time for us to thank them for the work they did
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์˜ ์—…์ ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
13:31
and give them every chance they have to raise the coral reefs of the future,
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์‚ฐํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ์ดˆ์ธ ์ƒˆ๋ผ ์‚ฐํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
their coral babies.
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13:37
Thank you so much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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