Robots with "soul" | Guy Hoffman

1,554,459 views ใƒป 2014-01-17

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: K Bang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Suein Lee
00:12
My job is to design, build and study robots that communicate with people.
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์ œ ์ง์—…์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
But this story doesn't start with robotics at all, it starts with animation.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡ํ•™์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
00:20
When I first saw Pixar's "Luxo Jr.,"
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ”ฝ์‚ฌ์‚ฌ(็คพ)์˜ "๋Ÿญ์†Œ ์ฃผ๋‹ˆ์–ด"๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ
00:23
I was amazed by how much emotion they could put
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ํƒ์ƒ์šฉ ์ „๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์—๋„
00:25
into something as trivial as a desk lamp.
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๊ฐ์ •์„ ์‹ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
๋†€๋ž„ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
I mean, look at them -- at the end of this movie,
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์ œ ๋ง์€, ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ด ์˜ํ™”์˜ ๋์—์„œ
00:31
you actually feel something for two pieces of furniture.
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๋‘ ์ „๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ์‹ค๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:34
(Laughter)
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00:35
And I said, I have to learn how to do this.
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์ „ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง„๋กœ ์„ ํƒ์„ ์ž˜๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
00:38
So I made a really bad career decision.
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00:40
(Laughter)
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00:41
And that's what my mom was like when I did it.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ์ €ํฌ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
00:43
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:45
I left a very cozy tech job in Israel at a nice software company
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์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์˜ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜
ํŽธํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง์„ ๋– ๋‚˜ ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ
00:49
and I moved to New York to study animation.
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๋‰ด์š•์œผ๋กœ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
And there I lived
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์„  ํ• ๋ ˜๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ ธ๊ฐ€๋Š”
00:52
in a collapsing apartment building in Harlem with roommates.
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์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์—์„œ ๋ฃธ๋ฉ”์ดํŠธ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด์•˜์ฃ .
00:55
I'm not using this phrase metaphorically --
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๋น„์œ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
00:57
the ceiling actually collapsed one day in our living room.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์‹ค ์ฒœ์žฅ์ด
๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ ธ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
Whenever they did news stories about building violations in New York,
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๋‰ด์š•์‹œ ๊ฑด์ถ• ๋ฒ•๊ทœ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‰ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๋•Œ๋ฉด
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ์ž…๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ™”๋ฉด์— ๋‚˜์™”์–ด์š”.
01:03
they would put the report in front of our building,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:06
as kind of, like, a backdrop to show how bad things are.
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01:08
Anyway, during the day, I went to school
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ๋‚ฎ ๋™์•ˆ์—๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ 
01:10
and at night I would sit and draw frame by frame of pencil animation.
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๋ฐค์—๋Š” ์—ฐํ•„ ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜์„ ํ•œ์žฅ ํ•œ์žฅ ์•‰์•„์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
And I learned two surprising lessons.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์–ด์š”.
01:16
One of them was that when you want to arouse emotions,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ
๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
01:21
it doesn't matter so much how something looks;
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๋ชจ์–‘์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†๊ณ 
๋™์ž‘์ด ์ „๋ถ€์˜€์–ด์š”. -- ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š”
01:23
it's all in the motion, in the timing of how the thing moves.
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ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
And the second was something one of our teachers told us.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ํ•œ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ๋ง์”€ํ•ด์ฃผ์‹  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
๊ทธ๋ถ„์€ ์•„์ด์Šค ์—์ด์ง€( Ice Age)์—์„œ ์กฑ์ œ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์…จ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:30
He actually did the weasel in "Ice Age."
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01:32
And he said, "As an animator, you're not a director -- you're an actor."
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„์ด ํ•˜์‹  ๋ง์”€์€:
"์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ๋…์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋‹ค."
01:36
So, if you want to find the right motion for a character,
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์ฆ‰ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:39
don't think about it -- go use your body to find it.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ชธ์„ ์จ์„œ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
01:42
Stand in front of a mirror, act it out in front of a camera --
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๊ฑฐ์šธ ์•ž์— ์„œ์„œ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ด๋ด์•ผ์ฃ .
์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ์•ž์—์„œ๋„์š”. -- ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ญ๋“  ํ•ด์„œ
01:45
whatever you need -- and then put it back in your character.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ ์•ˆ์— ๋„ฃ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
A year later I found myself at MIT in the Robotic Life Group.
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์ผ ๋…„ ๋’ค์— ์ €๋Š” MIT์˜
๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ƒ๋ช… ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
01:51
It was one of the first groups researching the relationships
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์กฐ์ง ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์ง€์š”.
01:54
between humans and robots.
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š”
01:56
And I still had this dream to make an actual, physical Luxo Jr. lamp.
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๋Ÿญ์†Œ ์ฃผ๋‹ˆ์–ด ์ „๋“ฑ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ์žํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
But I found that robots didn't move at all in this engaging way
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋˜
๋ฐฉ์‹๋Œ€๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
that I was used to from my animation studies.
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๊ทธ ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค์€
02:05
Instead, they were all -- how should I put it --
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๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์š”, ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์‹์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:07
they were all kind of robotic.
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02:09
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:11
And I thought, what if I took whatever I learned in animation school,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋˜ ๊ฑธ ์ ์šฉํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
and used that to design my robotic desk lamp.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ํƒ์ƒ์šฉ ์ „๋“ฑ์„ ๋””์ž์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
So I went and designed frame by frame
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ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„๋ณ„๋กœ ๋””์ž์ธํ•ด์„œ
02:19
to try to make this robot as graceful and engaging as possible.
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์ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์šฐ์•„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค๋ ฅ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
02:24
And here when you see the robot interacting with me on a desktop --
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ €์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š”
ํƒ์ƒ ์œ„ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
and I'm actually redesigning the robot,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:29
so, unbeknownst to itself,
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๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ž์‹ ์€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
02:31
it's kind of digging its own grave by helping me.
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์ €๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋ฉด์„œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ฌด๋ค์„ ํŒŒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
02:34
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:36
I wanted it to be less of a mechanical structure giving me light,
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ
์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋น›๋„ ๋น„์ถฐ์ฃผ๊ณ 
02:39
and more of a helpful, kind of quiet apprentice
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๋” ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ณ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
02:42
that's always there when you need it and doesn't really interfere.
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์กฐ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฌ์Šต์ƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฐฉํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:45
And when, for example, I'm looking for a battery that I can't find,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฑด์ „์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋ณด์—ฌ์„œ
์ฐพ์„ ๋•Œ
02:49
in a subtle way, it'll show me where the battery is.
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์–Œ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด์ „์ง€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
So you can see my confusion here.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
02:56
I'm not an actor.
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
And I want you to notice how the same mechanical structure
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๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ๋Š”
๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ์„ฌ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ 
03:03
can, at one point, just by the way it moves,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ํญ๋ ฅ์ ์ด๊ณ 
03:05
seem gentle and caring and in the other case,
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03:07
seem violent and confrontational.
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๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์š”.
03:10
And it's the same structure, just the motion is different.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ง€๋งŒ ์›€์ง์ž„์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
Actor: "You want to know something? Well, you want to know something?
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ: "๋ญ˜ ์›ํ•ด? ๋ญ˜ ์›ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์•ผ?
03:24
He was already dead!
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฒŒ์จ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ !
03:25
Just laying there, eyes glazed over!"
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋ˆˆ์ด ํ๋ฆฟํ•ด์ง„ ์ฑ„๋กœ ๋ˆ„์›Œ์žˆ์ž–์•„!"
03:29
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:30
But, moving in a graceful way is just one building block
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ์•„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ „์ฒด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ๋ฐ,
03:33
of this whole structure called human-robot interaction.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ๊ฐ„-๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
I was, at the time, doing my PhD, I was working on human-robot teamwork,
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ ๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
์ธ๊ฐ„-๋กœ๋ด‡ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋กœ๋ด‡์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ํŒ€์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
03:40
teams of humans and robots working together.
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03:42
I was studying the engineering,
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๊ณตํ•™์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ ,
03:43
the psychology, the philosophy of teamwork,
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
and at the same time,
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๋™์‹œ์— ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
03:47
I found myself in my own kind of teamwork situation,
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์ œ ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
์ œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
with a good friend of mine, who's actually here.
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๊ทธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—
03:52
And in that situation, we can easily imagine robots
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03:54
in the near future being there with us.
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๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
It was after a Passover Seder.
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์œ ์›”์ ˆ ๋งŒ์ฐฌ ํ›„์—
03:58
We were folding up a lot of folding chairs,
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์ ‘์ด์‹ ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ ‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:00
and I was amazed at how quickly we found our own rhythm.
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์ €๋Š” ์ผ์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋†€๋ž์–ด์š”.
๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
Everybody did their own part, we didn't have to divide our tasks.
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์ผ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
04:06
We didn't have to communicate verbally about this --
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๋ง๋กœ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์ด
04:08
it all just happened.
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์ €์ ˆ๋กœ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
04:09
And I thought, humans and robots don't look at all like this.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ์—์„œ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
When humans and robots interact, it's much more like a chess game:
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
์ฒด์Šค ๊ฒŒ์ž„๊ณผ ๋” ๋น„์Šทํ•ด์š”.
์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด
04:16
the human does a thing, the robot analyzes whatever the human did,
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๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ 
๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ฌด์–ผํ• ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:19
the robot decides what to do next, plans it and does it.
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๊ณ„ํšํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ, ์‹คํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
Then the human waits, until it's their turn again.
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๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์ฐจ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ง€์š”.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฒด์Šค ๊ฒŒ์ž„๊ณผ ๋” ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
So it's much more like a chess game, and that makes sense,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ณตํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
04:26
because chess is great for mathematicians and computer scientists.
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์ฒด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฒŒ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‹ค ์ •๋ณด ๋ถ„์„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
04:30
It's all about information, analysis, decision-making and planning.
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๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ์š”.
04:33
But I wanted my robot to be less of a chess player,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์ฒด์Šค ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
04:37
and more like a doer
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์‹คํ–‰์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด
04:39
that just clicks and works together.
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๊ฐ™์ด ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
So I made my second horrible career choice:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์ง„๋กœ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
04:44
I decided to study acting for a semester.
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ํ•œ ํ•™๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
I took off from the PhD, I went to acting classes.
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๋ฐ•์‚ฌ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๋‘๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
04:50
I actually participated in a play --
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ทน์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:52
I hope thereโ€™s no video of that around still.
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๊ณต์—ฐ ์˜์ƒ์ด ์•„์ง ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
04:54
(Laughter)
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04:55
And I got every book I could find about acting,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
including one from the 19th century that I got from the library.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
๋„์„œ๊ด€์—์„œ ๋นŒ๋ ค์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
And I was really amazed, because my name was the second name on the list --
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๋Œ€์ถœ์ž ๋ช…๋‹จ์— ์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ž์–ด์š”.
05:04
the previous name was in 1889.
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ 1899๋…„๋„์— ๋นŒ๋ ธ๋”๊ตฐ์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
05:06
(Laughter)
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05:07
And this book was kind of waiting for 100 years
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์ด ์ฑ…์€ ๋กœ๋ด‡ํ•™์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žฌ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€
05:09
to be rediscovered for robotics.
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100๋…„์„ ์ž ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:12
And this book shows actors
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์ด ์ฑ…์€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋“ค์ด
05:13
how to move every muscle in the body
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๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ •์— ๋งž๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
05:16
to match every kind of emotion that they want to express.
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๋ชธ์˜ ๊ทผ์œก์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
But the real revelation was when I learned about method acting.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋„์•ฝ์€
๋ฉ”์†Œ๋“œ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์› ์„ ๋•Œ์—์š”. (๋ฉ”์†Œ๋“œ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ:๊ทน์ค‘ ์ธ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋™์ผ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•)
05:21
It became very popular in the 20th century.
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์„ฑํ–‰ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
And method acting said
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๋ชฐ์ž… ์—ฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ทผ์œก ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ„ํšํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
05:25
you don't have to plan every muscle in your body;
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๋ชธ์ด ๋งž๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ฐพ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:27
instead, you have to use your body to find the right movement.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
05:30
You have to use your sense memory to reconstruct the emotions
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๊ฐ์ •์„ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ 
05:33
and kind of think with your body to find the right expression --
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์•Œ๋งž๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชธ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
improvise, play off your scene partner.
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์ฆ‰์„์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์—ญ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:38
And this came at the same time
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์ด๊ฑด ์ฒดํ™”๋œ ์ธ์ง€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ์ง€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
05:40
as I was reading about this trend in cognitive psychology,
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์ฝ์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ๋„์ค‘์— ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:43
called embodied cognition, which also talks about the same ideas.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค, ์ฆ‰
05:46
We use our bodies to think;
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ,
๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์›€์ง์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:48
we don't just think with our brains and use our bodies to move,
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05:50
but our bodies feed back into our brain
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๋ชธ์ด ๋‡Œ์— ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด
05:52
to generate the way that we behave.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ˆœ์‹๊ฐ„์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ง€์š”.
05:55
And it was like a lightning bolt.
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05:56
I went back to my office,
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€
05:57
I wrote this paper, which I never really published,
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์ถœ๊ฐ„๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
06:00
called "Acting Lessons for Artificial Intelligence."
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"์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์—…"์ด๋ž€ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
And I even took another month
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ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์ด ๋” ์ง€๋‚˜์„œ
06:04
to do what was then the first theater play
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณต์—ฐํ•˜๋Š”
06:06
with a human and a robot acting together.
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์ฒซ ๋ฌด๋Œ€ ์—ฐ๊ทน์„ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
That's what you saw before with the actors.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ „์— ๋ณด์‹  ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•œ ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
06:12
And I thought:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:13
How can we make an artificial intelligence model --
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์‹ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜
06:16
a computer, computational model --
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์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
06:18
that will model some of these ideas of improvisation,
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์ฆ‰ํฅ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ 
06:21
of taking risks, of taking chances,
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๋˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ? ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
06:23
even of making mistakes?
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06:24
Maybe it can make for better robotic teammates.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์•„๋งˆ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋™๋ฃŒ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
06:27
So I worked for quite a long time on these models
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๊ฝค ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๊ณ 
06:29
and I implemented them on a number of robots.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋กœ๋ด‡์— ์ ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
Here you can see a very early example
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
06:34
with the robots trying to use this embodied artificial intelligence
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๋‚ด์žฅ๋œ ์ธ๊ณต ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
์ œ ๋™์ž‘์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์ฃ .
06:38
to try to match my movements as closely as possible.
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06:40
It's sort of like a game.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
06:42
Let's look at it.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
06:47
You can see when I psych it out, it gets fooled.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํฅ๋ถ„ํ•ด์„œ ์›€์ง์ด๋ฉด ๋…€์„์€ ๋ฐ”๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
And it's a little bit like what you might see actors do
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ
๊ทธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋งž๋Š” ๋™์‹œ ๋™์ž‘์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์„
06:54
when they try to mirror each other
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06:55
to find the right synchrony between them.
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์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
And then, I did another experiment,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹คํ—˜๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
and I got people off the street to use the robotic desk lamp,
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๋กœ๋ด‡ ํƒ์ƒ ์ „๋“ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์‹ ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:04
and try out this idea of embodied artificial intelligence.
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๋‚ด์žฅ ์ธ๊ณต ์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•ด๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:07
So, I actually used two kinds of brains for the same robot.
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์ฆ‰ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋กœ๋ด‡์— ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
The robot is the same lamp that you saw,
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๊ทธ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „๋“ฑ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
and I put two brains in it.
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07:15
For one half of the people,
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์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
07:17
I put in a brain that's kind of the traditional,
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์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‡Œ,
07:20
calculated robotic brain.
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๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
It waits for its turn, it analyzes everything, it plans.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฐจ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜์ง€์š”.
07:24
Let's call it the calculated brain.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๋‡Œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๋ฌด๋Œ€ ์œ„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ด์ž ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‡Œ๋Š”
07:26
The other got more the stage actor, risk-taker brain.
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07:29
Let's call it the adventurous brain.
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๋ชจํ—˜์ ์ธ ๋‡Œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:31
It sometimes acts without knowing everything it has to know.
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์ด ๋‡Œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋”์€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ฑ„๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
It sometimes makes mistakes and corrects them.
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ต์ •ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
07:36
And I had them do this very tedious task that took almost 20 minutes,
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๊ฑฐ์˜ 20๋ถ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
๋งค์šฐ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
07:40
and they had to work together,
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๊ฐ™์ด ๋™์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
somehow simulating, like, a factory job
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ํ•œํŽธ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณต์žฅ ์ผ ๊ฐ™์ด
07:44
of repetitively doing the same thing.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
What I found is that people actually loved the adventurous robot.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจํ—˜์ ์ธ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
๋” ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์ง€์š”.
07:50
They thought it was more intelligent,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ ,
07:52
more committed, a better member of the team,
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๋” ํ—Œ์‹ ์ ์ด๊ณ , ํŒ€์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์— ๋” ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š”
07:54
contributed to the success of the team more.
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๋™๋ฃŒ๋กœ์จ ๋” ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:56
They even called it "he" and "she,"
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ "๊ทธ"๋‚˜ "๊ทธ๋…€"๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๋‡Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” "๊ทธ๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:58
whereas people with the calculated brain
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08:00
called it "it," and nobody ever called it "he" or "she."
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ "๊ทธ"๋‚˜ "๊ทธ๋…€"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:03
When they talked about it after the task, with the adventurous brain,
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๋ชจํ—˜์ ์ธ ๋‡Œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•œ
์‹คํ—˜์ด ๋๋‚œ ํ›„ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด
08:07
they said, "By the end, we were good friends and high-fived mentally."
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์—๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ด์ž ์ •์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์ดํŒŒ์ด๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด๋‹ค๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
08:11
Whatever that means.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
08:12
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”.
08:14
Sounds painful.
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๋‡Œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹คํ—˜์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
08:16
Whereas the people with the calculated brain
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08:18
said it was just like a lazy apprentice.
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๊ทธ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๊ฒŒ์œผ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฌ์Šต์ƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
It only did what it was supposed to do and nothing more,
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ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ์ด์ƒ์€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
08:23
which is almost what people expect robots to do,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ์ง€์š”. .
08:26
so I was surprised that people had higher expectations of robots
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋กœ๋ด‡ํ•™์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์ด๋ž˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
08:29
than what anybody in robotics thought robots should be doing.
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ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
08:34
And in a way, I thought, maybe it's time --
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
08:36
just like method acting changed the way people thought
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๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๋™์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ 
08:39
about acting in the 19th century,
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08:40
from going from the very calculated, planned way of behaving,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
๋ชฐ์ž… ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ง๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋„์ „์ ์ด๋ฉฐ
08:43
to a more intuitive, risk-taking, embodied way of behaving --
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ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์ฒดํ™”๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
maybe it's time for robots to have the same kind of revolution.
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๋กœ๋ด‡์—๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜
ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
08:51
A few years later, I was at my next research job at Georgia Tech in Atlanta,
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๋ช‡ ๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜
์–ด์–ด์ง„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋Š” ์• ํ‹€๋žœํƒ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง€์•„๊ณต๋Œ€์—์„œ
08:55
and I was working in a group dealing with robotic musicians.
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๋กœ๋ด‡ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ
์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์Œ์•…์ด์•ผ ๋ง๋กœ ํŒ€์›Œํฌ์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ,
08:58
And I thought, music: that's the perfect place
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09:00
to look at teamwork, coordination, timing, improvisation --
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์กฐ์ ˆ, ์ฆ‰ํฅ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์„
๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
๋งˆ๋ฆผ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
and we just got this robot playing marimba.
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09:07
And the marimba, for everybody like me,
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์ €๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฆผ๋ฐ”๋ž€
09:09
it was this huge, wooden xylophone.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค๋กœํฐ์ด์ฃ .
09:12
And when I was looking at this,
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
09:14
I looked at other works in human-robot improvisation --
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ๊ฐ„-๋กœ๋ด‡ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฆ‰ํฅ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
yes, there are other works in human-robot improvisation --
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๋„ค, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ๊ฐ„-๋กœ๋ด‡ ํ˜‘์—ฐ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:20
and they were also a little bit like a chess game.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฒด์Šค ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ๊ฐ™์•„ ๋ณด์˜€์ง€์š”.
09:22
The human would play,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋ฉด
09:23
the robot analyzed what was played,
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๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด์„œ
๊ทธ๋“ค ํŒŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฆ‰ํฅ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
and would improvise their own part.
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09:28
So, this is what musicians called a call-and-response interaction,
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์ด๊ฑด ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
๋ถ€๋ฆ„-์‘๋‹ต ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง€์š”.
09:31
and it also fits very well robots and artificial intelligence.
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์ด ์—ญ์‹œ ๋กœ๋ด‡๊ณผ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์— ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ์–ด์šธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
But I thought, if I use the same ideas I used in the theater play
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฐ๊ทน ๊ณต์—ฐ๊ณผ ํŒ€์›Œํฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ
์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:38
and in the teamwork studies,
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09:40
maybe I can make the robots jam together like a band.
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๋ฐด๋“œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์ฆ‰ํฅ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€
๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
Everybody's riffing off each other, nobody is stopping for a moment.
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์˜์‹์˜ ํ๋ฆ„ ์†์—์„œ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž ์‹œ๋„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:48
And so I tried to do the same things, this time with music,
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์Œ์•…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ
09:51
where the robot doesn't really know what it's about to play,
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๊ฐ™์€ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
it just sort of moves its body and uses opportunities to play,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ชธ์„ ์›€์ง์—ฌ
์—ฐ์ฃผํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
09:56
and does what my jazz teacher when I was 17 taught me.
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์—ด์ผ๊ณฑ ์‚ด ๋•Œ ์žฌ์ฆˆ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด
09:59
She said, when you improvise,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ‰ํฅ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋ฉด
10:00
sometimes you don't know what you're doing, and you still do it.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ € ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋ญ˜ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด๋„
์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
10:04
So I tried to make a robot that doesn't actually know what it's doing,
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๊ณ„์† ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ๊ณต์—ฐ์„ ์งง๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์‹œ์ง€์š”.
10:07
but is still doing it.
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10:08
So let's look at a few seconds from this performance,
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๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€์˜ ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ 
10:11
where the robot listens to the human musician
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์ฆ‰ํฅ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
and improvises.
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10:14
And then, look how the human musician also responds
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์— ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋™์ž‘์„
10:17
to what the robot is doing
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10:18
and picking up from its behavior,
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๋”ฐ๋ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
and at some point can even be surprised by what the robot came up with.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋†€๋ผ์‹ค ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
10:25
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
11:07
(Music ends)
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11:11
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
11:16
Being a musician is not just about making notes,
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์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์ € ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
11:19
otherwise nobody would ever go see a live show.
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๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ๊ณต์—ฐ์— ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
Musicians also communicate with their bodies,
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์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋ชธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐด๋“œ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„๋“ค๊ณผ
11:23
with other band members, with the audience,
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์ฒญ์ค‘๋“ค๊ณผ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ 
11:25
they use their bodies to express the music.
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์Œ์•…์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
And I thought, we already have a robot musician on stage,
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๋กœ๋ด‡ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์— ์„ธ์›Œ ๋ดค์œผ๋‹ˆ
์™„์ „ํžˆ ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ชป๋งŒ๋“ค ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
11:30
why not make it be a full-fledged musician?
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11:32
And I started designing a socially expressive head
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
11:35
for the robot.
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๋””์ž์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
The head doesnโ€™t actually touch the marimba,
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๊ทธ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฆผ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:38
it just expresses what the music is like.
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์Œ์•…์ด ์–ด๋–ค์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
These are some napkin sketches from a bar in Atlanta
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์• ํ‹€๋žœํƒ€์˜ ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์—์„œ ๋ƒ…ํ‚จ์— ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด์—์š”.
11:43
that was dangerously located exactly halfway
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์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์™€
11:46
between my lab and my home.
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์ง‘ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
11:47
So I spent, I would say, on average, three to four hours a day there.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋งค์ผ
ํ‰๊ท  ์„ธ๋„ค ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณด๋‚ธ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
11:51
I think.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ๋ง์ด์ฃ . (์›ƒ์Œ)
11:53
(Laughter)
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11:54
And I went back to my animation tools and tried to figure out
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์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜ ํˆด์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
11:57
not just what a robotic musician would look like,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋ƒ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
but especially what a robotic musician would move like,
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12:02
to sort of show that it doesn't like what the other person is playing --
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:06
and maybe show whatever beat it's feeling at the moment.
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๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐ•์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์›€์ง์ž„ ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
12:10
So we ended up actually getting the money to build this robot, which was nice.
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์ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๋กœ ์ž˜ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
12:14
I'm going to show you now the same kind of performance,
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณต์—ฐ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆดํ…๋ฐ์š”.
์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ์ • ํ‘œํ˜„์  ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
this time with a socially expressive head.
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12:19
And notice one thing --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆด ์ ์€
12:21
how the robot is really showing us
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๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:22
the beat it's picking up from the human,
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€์˜ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋”ฐ์˜จ ๋ฐ•์ž์ด๊ณ ,
12:24
while also giving the human a sense that the robot knows what it's doing.
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๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๋ฌด์–ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
And also how it changes the way it moves
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์†”๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
12:30
as soon as it starts its own solo.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
12:36
Now it's looking at me, showing that it's listening.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ตฐ์š”.
12:39
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
์—ฐ์ฃผ๊ณก์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
13:01
Now look at the final chord of the piece again.
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13:04
And this time the robot communicates with its body
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์ด๋ฒˆ์— ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
13:07
when it's busy doing its own thing,
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๋ชธ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œํ†ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
and when it's ready to coordinate the final chord with me.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
13:21
(Music ending)
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13:26
(Final chord)
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13:27
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:32
Thanks.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ
13:34
I hope you see
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13:35
how much this part of the body that doesn't touch the instrument
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๋ชธ์˜ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์•…๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
์Œ์•… ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋•๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์…จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์š”.
13:40
actually helps with the musical performance.
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13:43
And at some point -- we are in Atlanta,
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ํ•œํŽธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์• ํ‹€๋žœํƒ€์— ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ
13:45
so obviously some rapper will come into our lab at some point --
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋žฉํผ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์— ์™€์„œ
13:48
and we had this rapper come in and do a little jam with the robot.
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๋กœ๋ด‡๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
์ž‘์€ ์ฆ‰ํฅ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ดค์–ด์š”.
13:53
Here you can see the robot basically responding to the beat.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
๋ฐ•์ž์— ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:57
Notice two things:
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
13:58
one, how irresistible it is to join the robot while it's moving its head.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๊ทธ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์›€์ง์ผ ๋•Œ
14:02
You kind of want to move your own head when it does it.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ณ ,
14:04
And second, even though the rapper is really focused on his iPhone,
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋žฉํผ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ดํฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
14:08
as soon as the robot turns to him, he turns back.
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๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„์„œ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋„ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
14:11
So even though it's just in the periphery of his vision,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€์— ์žˆ๋‹ค ํ• ์ง€๋ผ๋„
์‹œ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„์— ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
14:14
in the corner of his eye, it's very powerful.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
14:16
And the reason is that we can't ignore
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์‹ค์ œ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์›€์ง์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
14:18
physical things moving in our environment.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Š˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
We are wired for that.
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14:21
So if you have a problem --
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๋งŒ์—ญ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„์ดํฐ์ด๋‚˜
14:23
maybe your partner is looking at their iPhone or smartphone too much --
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์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์„ ๋šซ์–ด์ ธ๋ผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
14:27
you might want to have a robot there to get their attention.
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์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ง‘์ค‘์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
14:30
(Laughter)
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(์Œ์•…)
14:31
(Music)
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14:46
(Music ends)
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14:50
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด์ œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜์ง€์š”.
14:57
Just to introduce the last robot that we've worked on,
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ ๋†€๋ผ์šด
15:01
it came out of something surprising that we found:
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
Some point people didn't care about the robot being intelligent,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
์ฆ‰ํฅ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
15:07
able to improvise and listen,
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15:08
and do all these embodied intelligence things that I spent years developing.
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๋˜๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์˜จ ๋กœ๋ด‡์— ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ณ„ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†์–ด์š”.
15:12
They really liked that the robot was enjoying the music.
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๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์Œ์•…์„ ์ฆ๊ธด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
15:15
(Laughter)
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15:16
And they didn't say the robot was moving to the music,
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๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์Œ์•…์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์›€์ง์ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
์Œ์•…์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€์š”.
15:19
they said "enjoying" the music.
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15:20
And we thought, why don't we take this idea,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
15:22
and I designed a new piece of furniture.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋””์ž์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
This time it wasn't a desk lamp, it was a speaker dock,
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ํƒ์ƒ ์ „๋“ฑ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์Šคํ”ผ์ปค ๋ฐ›์นจ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์„ ๊ฝƒ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
15:28
one of those things you plug your smartphone in.
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15:30
And I thought,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์Šคํ”ผ์ปค ๋ฐ›์นจ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
15:32
what would happen if your speaker dock didn't just play the music for you,
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๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ธด๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:35
but would actually enjoy it, too?
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๊นŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
15:37
And so again, here are some animation tests from an early stage.
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๋˜๋‹ค์‹œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜ ์‹คํ—˜์ด
์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—๋Š” ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
15:41
(Laughter)
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15:43
And this is what the final product looked like.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ตœ์ข… ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:58
(Music)
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("Drop It LIke It's Hot") - ์Šค๋ˆ• ๋…์˜ ๋…ธ๋ž˜
16:18
(Music ends)
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16:21
So, a lot of bobbing heads.
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๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ”๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ข€ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
16:24
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
16:27
A lot of bobbing heads in the audience,
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ”๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
16:29
so we can still see robots influence people.
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๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:32
And it's not just fun and games.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:35
I think one of the reasons I care so much
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๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๊ทธ ๋ชธ์„ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
16:37
about robots that use their body to communicate
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์›€์ง์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
16:39
and use their body to move is --
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๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด์ž
16:41
I'm going to let you in on a little secret we roboticists are hiding --
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๋กœ๋ด‡ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด
16:44
is that every one of you is going to be living with a robot
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—๋Š”
16:47
at some point in your life.
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๋กœ๋ด‡๊ณผ ์‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
16:49
Somewhere in your future, there will be a robot in your life.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ถ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์—์š”.
16:52
If not in yours, your children's lives.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค์ด ์ข€ ๋” ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
16:54
And I want these robots to be more fluent, more engaging, more graceful
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๋งค๋ ฅ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ์•„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์˜€์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ง€๊ธˆ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”์š”.
16:59
than currently they seem to be.
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17:00
And for that I think maybe robots need to be less like chess players
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์ฒด์Šค ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค
๋ฌด๋Œ€ ์œ„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋‚˜ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
17:04
and more like stage actors and more like musicians.
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๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
17:06
Maybe they should be able to take chances and improvise.
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๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์žก๊ณ  ์ฆ‰ํฅ์ ์ธ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:09
Maybe they should be able to anticipate what you're about to do.
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๋˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ํ…Œ๊ณ ์š”.
17:12
Maybe they even need to be able to make mistakes and correct them,
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฑธ
๊ณ ์ณ์•ผ ํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
17:16
because in the end, we are human.
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17:18
And maybe as humans, robots that are a little less than perfect
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๊ฐ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด
17:21
are just perfect for us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
17:23
Thank you.
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๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:24
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)

Original video on YouTube.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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