Norman Spack: How I help transgender teens become who they want to be

137,081 views ใƒป 2014-04-16

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Gemma Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jeong-Lan Kinser
00:12
I want you all to think
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
about the third word that was ever said about you --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋งํ•ด์กŒ๋˜
์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์˜ ๋‚ฑ๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:23
or, if you were delivering,
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๋˜๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:26
about the person you were delivering.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐ›์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ ์•„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
00:31
And you can all mouth it if you want or say it out loud.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด์„œ ๋งํ•ด๋„ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
It was -- the first two were, "It's a ..."
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘ ๋‚ฑ๋ง์€ "๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ ..."
00:41
Audience: (Mixed reply) Girl. Boy.
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00:43
(Laughter)
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00:44
Well, it shows you that --
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
I also deal with issues where there's not certainty
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๋‚จ์ž์ธ์ง€ ์—ฌ์ž์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
์ €๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:49
of whether it's a girl or a boy,
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00:50
so the mixed answer was very appropriate.
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์„ž์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ต์€ ์ง€๊ทนํžˆ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
Of course, now the answer often comes not at birth but at the ultrasound,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ๋‹ต์€
ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
unless the prospective parents choose to be surprised,
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
like we all were.
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01:05
But I want you to think about what it is that leads to that statement
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‚ฑ๋ง์„
01:12
on the third word,
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๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ์š”.
01:14
because the third word
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‚ฑ๋ง์€
01:17
is a description of your sex.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
๊ทธ๋ง์€
01:25
And by that I mean,
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01:27
made by a description of your genitals.
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์„ฑ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
Now, as a pediatric endocrinologist,
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์ด์ œ ์†Œ์•„๊ณผ ๋‚ด๋ถ„๋น„ํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ
01:35
I used to be very, very involved and still somewhat am, in cases
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์ €๋Š” ๋งŽ์ด, ๋งŽ์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๊ณ 
์•„์ง๋„ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
01:41
in which there are mismatches in the externals
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๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์™ธ๋ถ€์—์„œ
01:47
or between the externals and the internals,
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๋˜๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€์™€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ์š”.
01:51
and we literally have to figure out
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๋˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด
01:56
what is the description of your sex.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ง“๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
But there is nothing that is definable at the time of birth
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์ •์˜ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
02:05
that would define you.
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์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •์˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ
02:10
And when I talk about definition,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์„ฑ์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
I'm talking about your sexual orientation.
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02:18
We don't say, "It's a ... gay boy!"
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๋™์„ฑ์•  ๋‚จ์•„"
02:23
"A lesbian girl!"
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"๋™์„ฑ์•  ์—ฌ์•„"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
02:26
Those situations don't really define themselves
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
02:29
more until the second decade of life.
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๋‹ค์Œ 10๋…„์ด ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ •์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
Nor do they define your gender,
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๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์„ฑ์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
which, as different from your anatomic sex,
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ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
02:42
describes your self-concept:
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์ž์•„ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:45
Do you see yourself as a male or female,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ž์‹ ์„
๋‚จ์ž ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž,
02:51
or somewhere in the spectrum in between?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด ์–ด๋””์ฏค์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:56
That sometimes shows up
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ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‹ญ๋…„๋™์•ˆ
03:01
in the first decade of life,
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
03:04
but it can be very confusing for parents,
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
because it is quite normative for children
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ธฐ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ
๋†€๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋ณดํ†ต์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:13
to act in a cross-gender play and way,
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03:17
and, in fact, there are studies that show
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
03:19
that even 80 percent of children who act in that fashion
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š”
์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ 80%๋Š”
03:25
will not persist in wanting to be the opposite gender
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์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋  ๋ฌด๋ ต์—๋Š”
์ด์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
03:32
at the time when puberty begins.
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์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
But, at the time that puberty begins --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋  ๋•Œ
03:42
that means between about age 10 to 12 in girls, 12 to 14 in boys --
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์—ฌ์•„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 10 - 12 ์‚ด ์‚ฌ์ด,
๋‚จ์•„๋Š” 12 - 14 ์‚ด ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
03:49
with breast budding,
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๊ฐ€์Šด์ด ์†Ÿ์•„์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
03:50
or two to three times' increase in the gonads
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2 - 3 ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ์ƒ์‹์ƒ˜์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”
03:54
in the case of genetic males,
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์œ ์ „์ ์ธ ๋‚จ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”
03:57
by that particular point,
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ
03:59
the child who says they are in the absolute wrong body
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ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ชธ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋Š”
04:05
is almost certain to be transgender
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์„ฑ์ „ํ™˜์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ณ 
04:09
and is extremely unlikely to change those feelings,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
no matter how anybody tries reparative therapy
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ „ํ™˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:20
or any other noxious things.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ•ดํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„์š”.
04:24
Now, this is relatively rare,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋“œ๋ฌธ๋ฐ
04:27
so I had relatively little personal experience with this.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
And my experience was more typical,
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์ œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ๋ฐ
04:33
only because I had an adolescent practice.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›์„ ์šด์˜ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
And I saw someone age 24,
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์ €๋Š” 24์‚ด ๋จน์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
04:37
genetically female, went through Harvard with three male roommates
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์œ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์ž์ธ๋ฐ ํ•˜๋ฐ”๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€์„œ
๋ชจ๋“  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 3๋ช…์˜ ๋‚จ์ž ๋ฃธ๋ฉ”์ดํŠธ์™€
04:41
who knew the whole story,
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04:43
a registrar who always listed his name on course lists as a male name,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ธฐ์žฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ต๋ฌด์ง์›์€
๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋Š˜ ๋‚จ์ž ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์žฌํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
์กธ์—…์‹์ด ๋๋‚œ ๋’ค ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ์™€์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ , "๋„์™€์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
04:49
and came to me after graduating,
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04:52
saying, "Help me. I know you know a lot of endocrinology."
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"์ €๋Š” ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ๋ถ„๋น„ํ•™์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”."
์ €๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ƒ์‹์ƒ˜์ด ์—†์ด
04:56
And indeed, I've treated a lot of people who were born without gonads.
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ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
This wasn't rocket science.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋กœ์ผ€ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ณผํ•™์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:01
But I made a deal with him:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ์™€ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ :
05:02
"I'll treat you if you teach me."
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์ฃผ๋ฉด ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
05:05
And so he did.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ „ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐฐ์› ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
And what an education I got
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05:10
from taking care of all the members of his support group.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋Œ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
05:15
And then I got really confused,
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๊ทธ๋’ค์— ์ €๋Š” ์ •๋ง ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์–ด์š”.
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋‚˜์ด์—
05:18
because I thought it was relatively easy at that age
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05:20
to just give people the hormones
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹จ์–ธํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑด
05:22
of the gender in which they were affirming.
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์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
05:26
But then my patient married,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์ œ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ–ˆ๊ณ 
05:29
and he married a woman who had been born as a male,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๋ž‘ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
๊ทธ ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
05:34
had married as a male, had two children,
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๋‚จ์ž๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•ด์„œ ๋‘ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๊ณ 
05:37
then went through a transition into female.
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๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ์—ฌ์ž๋กœ ์„ฑ์ „ํ™˜ํ•ด์„œ
05:43
And now this delightful female
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์œ ์พŒํ•œ ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€
05:48
was attached to my male patient -- in fact, got legally married,
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์ œ ๋‚จ์ž ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์• ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌถ์—ฌ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
05:54
because they showed up as a man and a woman, and who knew, right?
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๋‚จ์ž์™€ ์—ฌ์ž๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•˜๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
๊ทธ์ตธ? (์›ƒ์Œ)
05:57
(Laughter)
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05:59
And I was confused --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
06:03
"Does this make so-and-so gay?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋™์„ฑ์• ์ž๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋‚˜์š”?
06:05
Does this make so-and-so straight?"
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ด์„ฑ์• ์ž๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋‚˜์š”?
06:07
I was getting sexual orientation confused with gender identity.
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์ €๋Š” ์„ฑ์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„
์„ฑ๋ณ„ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
And my patient said to me,
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์ œ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:15
"Look, look, look.
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"๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ๋ด์š”, ๋ด์š”.
06:17
If you just think of the following, you'll get it right:
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๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งž์•„์š”.
06:20
Sexual orientation is who you go to bed with.
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์„ฑ์  ์ทจํ–ฅ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š”๊ฐ€์ด๊ณ 
์„ฑ๋ณ„ ์ธ์‹์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฐ€๋Š”๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
06:24
Gender identity is who you go to bed as."
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06:27
(Laughter)
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06:29
And I subsequently learned from the many adults --
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๊ทธ๋’ค์— ๋งŽ์€ ์„ฑ์ธ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
I took care of about 200 adults --
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์ €๋Š” ์•ฝ 200 ๋ช…์˜ ์„ฑ์ธ์„ ๋Œ๋ดค๊ณ 
๊ทธ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ์„œ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
I learned from them
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06:36
that if I didn't peek as to who their partner was in the waiting room,
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์‹ค์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์• ์ธ์ด
๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ์—ฟ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:41
I would never be able to guess better than chance,
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๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜
์—†์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
whether they were gay, straight, bi or asexual
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋™์„ฑ์• ์ธ์ง€, ์ด์„ฑ์• ์ธ์ง€, ์–‘์„ฑ์• ์ธ์ง€,
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ์— ๋ฌด๊ด€์‹ฌํ•œ๊ฑด์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:49
in their affirmed gender.
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06:51
In other words,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉด
06:52
one thing has absolutely nothing to do with the other.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ”
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์•„๋ฌด ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
06:57
And the data show it.
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์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ž, ์ œ๊ฐ€ 200 ๋ช…์˜ ์„ฑ์ธ์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ
07:02
Now, as I took care of the 200 adults,
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07:04
I found it extremely painful.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ดด๋กœ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
These people -- many of them --
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„
07:09
had to give up so much of their lives.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์‚ถ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
07:14
Sometimes their parents would reject them,
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07:16
siblings, their own children,
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ํ˜•์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž์‹๋“ค,
07:18
and then their divorcing spouse
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์ดํ˜ผํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž๊ฐ€
07:20
would forbid them from seeing their children.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ชป ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
It was so awful,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋”์ฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์™œ
07:26
but why did they do it at 40 and 50?
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40 ๊ณผ 50์‚ด์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
07:30
Because they felt they had to affirm themselves
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‚ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
์ž์‹ ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
07:35
before they would kill themselves.
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07:37
And indeed, the rate of suicide among untreated transgendered people
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๋”์šฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์„ฑ์ „ํ™˜์ž๋“ค ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ
์ž์‚ด์œจ์€
07:43
is among the highest in the world.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ํŽธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
07:47
So, what to do?
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07:49
I was intrigued, in going to a conference in Holland,
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์ €๋Š” ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ํšŒ์˜์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
where they are experts in this,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ด๊ณ 
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
and saw the most remarkable thing.
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07:58
They were treating young adolescents
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š”
08:01
after giving them the most intense psychometric testing of gender,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋’ค์—
์ Š์€ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:07
and they were treating them by blocking the puberty that they didn't want.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์•„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
Because basically, kids look about the same,
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08:14
each sex, until they go through puberty,
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๋‚จ๋…€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
08:17
at which point, if you feel you're in the wrong sex,
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์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:20
you feel like Pinocchio becoming a donkey.
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ํ”ผ๋…ธํ‚ค์˜ค๊ฐ€ ๋‹น๋‚˜๊ท€๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
The fantasy that you had that your body will change
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์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฉด ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋˜
08:26
to be who you want it to be, with puberty,
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๋ชธ์ด ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ž€ ํ™˜์ƒ์€
08:28
actually is nullified by the puberty you get.
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์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฌดํšจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
And they fall apart.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊นŒ๋‹ญ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฅ˜์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
So that's why putting the puberty on hold -- why on hold?
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์™œ ๋ณด๋ฅ˜์‹œํ‚ค์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ
08:40
You can't just give them the opposite hormones that young.
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์ด์„ฑ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
They'll end up stunted in growth,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์œ„์ถ•๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
and you think you can have a meaningful conversation
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ƒ์‹ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
08:48
about the fertility effects of such treatment
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์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ
08:50
with a 10-year-old girl, a 12-year-old boy?
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10์‚ด ์งœ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ๋…€๋‚˜ 12์‚ด ์งœ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ๋…„๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:54
So this buys time in the diagnostic process
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ง„๋ฃŒ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ
4 - 5 ๋…„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ฃผ๊ณ 
08:57
for four or five years,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ 
08:59
so that they can work it out.
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09:01
They can have more and more testing,
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์ข€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•ด์„œ
09:04
they can live without feeling their bodies are running away from them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชธ์ด ๋‹ฌ์•„๋‚˜๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š”
์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
And then, in a program they call 12-16-18,
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๊ทธ ๋’ค์— 12-16-18์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ
09:12
around age 12 is when they give the blocking hormones,
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12์‚ด์ฏค์— ๋ง‰๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ 
09:17
and then at age 16, with retesting,
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16์‚ด์— ์‹คํ—˜์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•ด์„œ
09:19
they re-qualify to receive --
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž๊ฒฉ์„ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ง‰๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์€ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
09:22
now remember, the blocking hormones are reversible,
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09:25
but when you give the hormones of the opposite sex,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์„ฑ์˜ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฉด
09:28
you now start spouting breasts and facial hair and voice change,
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๊ฐ€์Šด๊ณผ ์–ผ๊ตด์˜ ํ„ธ, ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ญ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
depending on what you're using,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ด๊ณ 
09:33
and those effects are permanent,
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09:35
or require surgery to remove,
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์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด๋‚˜
09:37
or electrolysis,
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์ „๊ธฐ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
and you can never really affect the voice.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฑด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  15, 16์‚ด ์งœ๋ฆฌ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
09:41
So this is serious, and this is 15-, 16-year-old stuff.
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09:45
And then at 18, they're eligible for surgery.
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๊ทธ๋’ค 18์‚ด์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
And while there's no good surgery for females to males genitally,
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์—ฌ์ž์—์„œ ๋‚จ์ž ์ƒ์‹๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
09:52
the male-to-female surgery has fooled gynecologists.
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๋‚จ์ž์—์„œ ์—ฌ์ž๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์€ ์‚ฐ๋ถ€์ธ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์†์ผ ์ •๋„์˜€์ฃ .
09:57
That's how good it can be.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
10:00
So I looked at how the patients were doing,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋ฅ˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ๋นผ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”
10:04
and I looked at patients who just looked like everybody else,
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10:06
except they were pubertally delayed.
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ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
But once they gave them the hormones
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋‹จ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณผ
10:11
consistent with the gender they affirm,
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์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฉด
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›Œ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
they look beautiful.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์ •์ƒ์˜ ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
They look normal.
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10:18
They had normal heights.
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10:19
You would never be able to pick them out in a crowd.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ตฐ์ค‘ ์†์—์„œ
๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ง‘์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
So at that point, I decided I'm going to do this.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์†Œ์•„๊ณผ
10:27
This is really where the pediatric endocrine realm comes in,
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๋ถ„๋น„ํ•™ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:31
because, in fact, if you're going to deal with it in kids aged 10 to 14,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„
10-12, 10-14์‚ด ๋จน์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ ค๋ฉด
10:36
that's pediatric endocrinology.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์†Œ์•„๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋น„ํ•™์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
10:39
So I brought some kids in,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค ๋ช‡์„ ๋ฐ๋ ค์™”๊ณ 
10:43
and this now became the standard of care,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ
์†Œ์•„ ๋ณ‘์›์ด ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ๋งก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
and the [Boston] Children's Hospital was behind it.
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10:48
By my showing them the kids before and after,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ
10:53
people who never got treated and people who wished to be treated,
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ
์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
10:56
and pictures of the Dutch --
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๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ
11:00
they came to me and said,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์™€์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
"You've got to do something for these kids."
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"์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
11:03
Well, where were these kids before?
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์ž, ์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ „์—๋Š” ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
11:06
They were out there suffering, is where they were.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ดด๋กœ์›Œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
So we started a program in 2007.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” 2007๋…„์— ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์ฒซ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:16
It became the first program of its kind --
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11:18
but it's really of the Dutch kind --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ๋ฏธ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š”
11:20
in North America.
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๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ ์‹ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
And since then, we have 160 patients.
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๊ทธ ๋’ค๋กœ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” 160 ๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
Did they come from Afghanistan? No.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„์—์„œ ์™”๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”.
11:30
75 percent of them came from within 150 miles of Boston.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€, ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ 75%๊ฐ€
๋ณด์Šคํ„ด์˜ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ 240 km ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
And some came from England.
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ์™”์–ด์š”.
11:42
Jackie had been abused in the Midlands, in England.
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์žญํ‚ค๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ ํ•™๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 12์‚ด์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:46
She's 12 years old there,
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์†Œ๋…€๋กœ์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
11:48
she was living as a girl,
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11:49
but she was being beaten up.
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๋งž๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
It was a horror show, they had to homeschool her.
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์†Œ๋ฆ„๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง‘์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:54
And the reason the British were coming
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์˜๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
11:57
was because they would not treat anybody with anything under age 16,
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16 ์‚ด ์ดํ•˜๋Š”
์–ด๋–ค ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
which means they were consigning them to an adult body
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๊ทธ๋ง์€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋“ 
์–ด๋ฅธ์˜ ๋ชธ์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
no matter what happened,
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12:07
even if they tested them well.
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์„ค๋ น ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„์š”.
๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์žฌํ‚ค๋Š”
12:10
Jackie, on top of it, was, by virtue of skeletal markings,
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๋ผˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ
12:14
destined to be six feet five.
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196 cm๊ฐ€ ๋  ์šด๋ช…์ธ๋ฐ
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
12:19
And yet, she had just begun a male puberty.
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๋‚จ์ž ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
12:22
Well, I did something a little bit innovative,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ข€ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
because I do know hormones,
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ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
12:28
and that estrogen is much more potent
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์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์ด ๊ณจ๋‹จ, ์„ฑ์žฅํŒ์„
12:30
in closing epiphyses, the growth plates,
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๋ง‰์•„์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š”๋ฐ
12:34
and stopping growth, than testosterone is.
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ํ…Œ์Šคํ† ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์ฃ .
12:37
So we blocked her testosterone with a blocking hormone,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ…Œ์Šคํ† ์ŠคํŠธ๋ก ์„
๋ง‰๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋กœ๋ชฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง‰์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
but we added estrogen, not at 16, but at 13.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์„ ๋”ํ–ˆ์ฃ . 16์‚ด์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 13์‚ด์—์š”.
12:46
And so here she is at 16, on the left.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์™ผ์ชฝ์— ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 16์‚ด ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
And on her 16th birthday, she went to Thailand,
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16์‚ด ์ƒ์ผ์— ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํƒœ๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ”๊ณ 
12:52
where they would do a genital plastic surgery.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์„ฑ์ „ํ™˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
They will do it at 18 now.
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์ด์ œ 18์‚ด์ด ๋  ๊ฑฐ๊ณ 
12:56
And she ended up 5'11".
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 180 cm๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
12:59
But more than that, she has normal breast size,
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šด ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
because by blocking testosterone,
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ํ…Œ์Šคํ† ์Šคํ…Œ๋ก ์„ ๋ง‰์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
13:04
every one of our patients has normal breast size
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ํ™˜์ž๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€
์ •์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šด ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:08
if they get to us at the appropriate age,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Šฆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ, ์ œ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌํ•œํ…Œ ์˜ค๋ฉด์š”.
13:11
not too late.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งจ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:13
And on the far right, there she is.
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13:14
She went public -- semifinalist in the Miss England competition.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐœํ–ˆ๊ณ 
๋ฏธ์Šค ์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฝ‘๋Š” ๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ ์ค€๊ฒฐ์Šน๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‹ฌํŒ๋“ค์ด ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ . ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:21
The judges debated as to, can they do this?
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13:24
And one of them quipped, I'm told,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ฝ‘์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
์‹ฌํŒ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žฌ์น˜์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
"But she has more natural self than half the other contestants."
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"ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋ณด๋‹ค
ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฐ ์ž์•„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์–ด์š”."
13:32
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:34
And some of them have been rearranged a little bit,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์กฐ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
13:38
but it's all her DNA.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
And she's become a remarkable spokeswoman.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ณ€์ธ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ์ œ์•ˆ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ 
13:45
And she was offered contracts as a model,
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ์— ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋†๋‹ด์„ ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
13:49
at which point she teased me, when she said,
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"๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์•Œ์•„์š”. ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ์ €๋ฅผ
13:51
"You know, I might have had a better chance as a model
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185 cm๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฑธ์š”."
13:53
if you'd made me six feet one."
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13:55
(Laughter)
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์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ๋˜์ฃ . (์›ƒ์Œ)
13:57
Go figure.
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14:00
So this picture, I think, says it all.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
It really says it all.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ์ฃ .
14:05
These are Nicole and brother Jonas,
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๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์žํ˜•์ œ ์กฐ๋‚˜์Šค์ธ๋ฐ
14:09
identical twin boys,
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์ผ๋ž€์„ฑ ์Œ๋™์ด ๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
and proven to be identical.
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์„œ๋กœ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ
๋‹ˆ์ฝœ์€ ์ž์‹ ์„
14:15
Nicole had affirmed herself as a girl as early as age three.
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3์‚ด ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ฌ์ž๋กœ ์ธ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:19
At age seven, they changed her name,
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7์‚ด์— ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ 
๋‚จ์ž ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š”
14:22
and came to me at the very beginnings of a male puberty.
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ €๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
Now you can imagine looking at Jonas at only 14,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์กฐ๋‚˜์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
๊ณ ์ž‘ 14์‚ด์ธ๋ฐ ๋‚จ์ž ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
14:29
that male puberty is early in this family,
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์ด ๊ฐ€์กฑํ•œํ…Œ๋Š” ์ผ์ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:32
because he looks more like a 16-year-old.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Š” 16์‚ด ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ 
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋…ผ์ ์„ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:35
But it makes the point all the more,
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14:36
of why you have to be conscious of where the patient is.
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ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์™œ ์˜์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ์š”.
14:40
Nicole is on pubertal blockade in here,
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๋‹ˆ์ฝœ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์•˜๊ณ 
14:44
and Jonas is just going -- biologic control.
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์กฐ๋‚˜์Šค๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
14:48
This is what Nicole would look like
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:49
if we weren't doing what we were doing.
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๋‹ˆ์ฝœ์„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
14:51
He's got a prominent Adam's apple.
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์กฐ๋‚˜์Šค๋Š” ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ –์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
14:54
He's got angular bones to the face, a mustache,
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์–ผ๊ตด์— ๊ฐ์ง„ ํ„ฐ์™€ ์ˆ˜์—ผ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํ‚ค์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
14:58
and you can see there's a height difference,
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์กฐ๋‚˜์Šค๋Š” ๋‹ˆ์ฝœ์ด ๊ฐ–์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ
15:00
because he's gone through a growth spurt that she won't get.
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์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ถ„์ถœ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹ˆ์ฝœ์€ ์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์„ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
Now Nicole is on estrogen.
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15:04
She has a bit of a form to her.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
15:07
This family went to the White House last spring,
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์ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ด„์— ๋ฐฑ์•…๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ
15:11
because of their work in overturning an anti-discrimination --
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด
์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋’ค์ง‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ
15:17
there was a bill that would block
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๋ฉ”์ธ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„ฑ์ „ํ™˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
15:19
the right of transgender people in Maine to use public bathrooms,
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๊ณต์ค‘ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€
15:24
and it looked like the bill was going to pass,
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๊ทธ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์ด ํ†ต๊ณผ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜๊ณ 
15:27
and that would have been a problem,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
15:28
but Nicole went personally to every legislator in Maine
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๋‹ˆ์ฝœ์€ ๋ฉ”์ธ์ฃผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญํšŒ์˜์›์„ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ
15:32
and said, "I can do this.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. "์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
15:34
If they see me, they'll understand
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ดํ•ดํ•  ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
15:36
why I'm no threat in the ladies' room,
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์™œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ž ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์—์„œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€
15:38
but I can be threatened in the men's room."
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์™œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์ž ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์—์„œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ์š”.
15:40
And then they finally got it.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
15:44
So where do we go from here?
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15:47
Well, we still have a ways to go in terms of anti-discrimination.
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์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง๋„
์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๊ฐˆ ๊ธธ์ด ๋ฉ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:51
There are only 17 states that have an anti-discrimination law
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์˜ค์ง 17๊ฐœ ์ฃผ๋งŒ
์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
15:54
against discrimination in housing,
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์ฃผ๊ฑฐ, ๊ณ ์šฉ,
15:57
employment, public accommodation --
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๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์œจ์ด์ฃ .
16:00
only 17 states, and five of them are in New England.
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17๊ฐœ ์ฃผ ๋ฟ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ค‘ 5 ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋‰ด์ž‰๊ธ€๋žœ๋“œ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:03
We need less expensive drugs.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋œ ๋น„์‹ผ ์•ฝ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
They cost a fortune.
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์•ฝ์€ ๋ˆ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์ฃ .
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •์‹  ์งˆํ™˜ ํŽธ๋žŒ์—์„œ
16:07
And we need to get this condition out of the DSM.
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์ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์—†์• ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:11
It is as much a psychiatric disease as being gay and lesbian,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์„ฑ์• ์ž๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜
์ •์‹ ์  ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด๊ณ 
16:15
and that went out the window in 1973,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 1973๋…„์— ํ๊ธฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
16:18
and the whole world changed.
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์˜จ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:20
And this isn't going to break anybody's budget.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๋„ ๊นจ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ”ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:23
This is not that common.
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16:25
But the risks of not doing anything for them
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ์ž์‚ด๋กœ ์žƒ์„
16:30
not only puts all of them at risk of losing their lives to suicide,
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์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋น ์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
16:36
but it also says something about whether we are a truly inclusive society.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ • ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ธ์ง€
์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:42
Thank you.
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๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:43
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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