Anant Agarwal: Why massively open online courses (still) matter

629,715 views ใƒป 2014-01-27

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sunphil Ga ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jeong-Lan Kinser
00:12
I'd like to reimagine education.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ต์œก์„ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
The last year
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์ž‘๋…„์—”
00:17
has seen the invention of a new four-letter word.
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M์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„ค ๊ธ€์ž์˜
00:20
It starts with an M.
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๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
00:21
MOOC: massive open online courses.
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MOOC: ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ฐ•์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
Many organizations
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์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด
00:27
are offering these online courses
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋“ค์„
00:30
to students all over the world, in the millions, for free.
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
Anybody who has an Internet connection
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“ ์ง€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
00:36
and the will to learn can access these great courses
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ช…๋ฌธ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋“ค์˜
00:38
from excellent universities
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๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋“ค์„ ์ ‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
00:40
and get a credential at the end of it.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์—” ์ฆ๋ช…์„œ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
Now, in this discussion today,
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์ž, ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ํ† ๋ก ์—์„œ
00:46
I'm going to focus
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์ €๋Š” MOOCs์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—
00:47
on a different aspect of MOOCs.
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์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถฐ๋ณด๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
We are taking what we are learning
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์ฆ‰, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š”์ง€,
00:53
and the technologies we are developing in the large
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
00:56
and applying them in the small
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์žฌ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์ƒํ•œ
00:58
to create a blended model of education
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ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ต์œก ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:01
to really reinvent and reimagine
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๊ฑฐ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:03
what we do in the classroom.
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์ ์šฉ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋“ฑ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ๋ณด์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:05
Now, our classrooms could use change.
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์ผ๋‹จ์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
So, here's a classroom
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์ž, ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ถ๋™๋ถ€์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ
01:10
at this little three-letter institute
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์„ธ ๊ธ€์ž์˜ ํ•™๊ต MIT
01:12
in the Northeast of America, MIT.
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๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
And this was a classroom about 50 or 60 years ago,
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๋Œ€๋žต์ ์œผ๋กœ 50~60๋…„ ์ „์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์ฃ .
01:17
and this is a classroom today.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
What's changed?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์ฃ ?
01:24
The seats are in color.
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์˜์ž์— ์ƒ‰๊น”์ด ์ž…ํ˜€์กŒ๊ตฐ์š”.
01:26
Whoop-de-do.
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๋” ์•ผ๋‹จ๋ฒ•์„์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:29
Education really hasn't changed
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์ง€๋‚œ 500๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ต์œก์€
01:32
in the past 500 years.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
The last big innovation in education
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๊ต์œก์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์ด
01:36
was the printing press and the textbooks.
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์‹ ๋ฌธ์žก์ง€๊ณผ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์˜ ์ธ์‡„์˜€์„ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
01:40
Everything else has changed around us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
You know, from healthcare to transportation,
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์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด๋™์ˆ˜๋‹จ๊นŒ์ง€
01:43
everything is different, but education hasn't changed.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ต์œก๋งŒ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
It's also been a real issue in terms of access.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
So what you see here
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๊ฒƒ์€
01:52
is not a rock concert.
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๋ฝ ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
And the person you see at the end of the stage
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์Šคํ…Œ์ด์ง€ ๋์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š”
01:57
is not Madonna.
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์ € ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋งˆ๋ˆ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
This is a classroom
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฐ”ํŽ˜๋ฏธ ์•„์šฐ๋กœ์šฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜
02:00
at the Obafemi Awolowo University in Nigeria.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
Now, we've all heard of distance education,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ์›๊ฒฉ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
but the students way in the back,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ € ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ 200 ํ”ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ ์ •๋„๋กœ
02:10
200 feet away from the instructor,
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์•‰์•„์žˆ์ฃ .
02:12
I think they are undergoing long-distance education.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์›๊ฒฉ๊ต์œก ๊ต์œก์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
Now, I really believe
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์ €๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์งˆ์ , ์–‘์ ,
02:19
that we can transform education,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜, ๊ต์œก์„
02:21
both in quality and scale and access,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
02:24
through technology.
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๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
For example, at edX,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด edX์—์„œ
02:30
we are trying to transform education
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
through online technologies.
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:35
Given education has been calcified for 500 years,
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๊ต์œก์€ 500๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์ง๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ์—,
02:38
we really cannot think about reengineering it,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์˜ ์žฌ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์กฐ์ฐจ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ,
02:41
micromanaging it.
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๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์กฐ์ฐจ ์กฐ์ •ํ•ด๋ณด๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
We really have to completely reimagine it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๊ต์œก์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
It's like going from ox carts to the airplane.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์†Œ๋‹ฌ๊ตฌ์ง€์—์„œ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:48
Even the infrastructure has to change.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ธํ”„๋ผ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
Everything has to change.
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๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณ€ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
We need to go from lectures on the blackboard
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์น ํŒ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ•์˜๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
02:55
to online exercises, online videos.
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์‹ค๊ธฐ, ๋น„๋””์˜ค๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
We have to go to interactive virtual laboratories
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์—ฐ๋™์  ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค๊ณผ
03:00
and gamification.
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๊ฒŒ์ด๋ฏธํ”ผ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„ ์šด์˜ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
We have to go to completely online grading
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€
03:03
and peer interaction and discussion boards.
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค ๊ฐ„ ๊ต๋ฅ˜, ํ† ๋ก  ๊ฒŒ์‹œํŒ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
Everything really has to change.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
So at edX and a number of other organizations,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ edX์™€ ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์—์„œ,
03:11
we are applying these technologies to education
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„, ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’ํžˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
03:13
through MOOCs to really increase access to education.
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MOOCs๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต์œก์— ์ ‘๋ชฉ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
And you heard of this example,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
where, when we launched our very first course --
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์–ด๋””์„œ, ์–ธ์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ฒซ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ•ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ--
03:20
and this was an MIT-hard
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ MIT์˜
03:22
circuits and electronics course --
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๋ณต์žกํšŒ๋กœ์™€ ์ „์žํ•™ ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
about a year and a half ago,
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๋Œ€๋žต ์ผ ๋…„ ํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ „์—,
03:27
155,000 students from 162 countries
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162๊ฐœ๊ตญ, ์‹ญ์˜ค๋งŒ ์˜ค์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด
03:32
enrolled in this course.
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์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์— ๋“ฑ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
And we had no marketing budget.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
Now, 155,000 is a big number.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์‹ญ์˜ค๋งŒ ์˜ค์ฒœ์ด๋ž€ ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” ํฐ ์ˆซ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
This number is bigger
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์ด ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” ์ ์ฐจ ๋” ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
than the total number of alumni of MIT
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150๋…„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜
03:44
in its 150-year history.
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MIT ์ด ๋™๋ฌธ์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:48
7,200 students passed the course,
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7200๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
and this was a hard course.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฐ•์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
7,200 is also a big number.
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7200์ด๋ž€ ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” ์—ญ์‹œ ํฐ ์ˆซ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
If I were to teach at MIT two semesters every year,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งค๋…„ MIT์—์„œ ๋‘ ํ•™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:00
I would have to teach for 40 years
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์ €๋Š” 40๋…„ ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
before I could teach this many students.
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์ด ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:05
Now these large numbers
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํฐ ์ˆซ์ž๋“ค์€
04:07
are just one part of the story.
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์ง€ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
So today, I want to discuss a different aspect,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฉด๋ชจ,
04:11
the other side of MOOCs,
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MOOCs์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธก๋ฉด์€
04:13
take a different perspective.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
We are taking what we develop and learn in the large
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
04:18
and applying it in the small
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค์— ์ ์šฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
to the classroom, to create a blended model of learning.
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๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
04:23
But before I go into that, let me tell you a story.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ์ด์ „์—, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
When my daughter turned 13, became a teenager,
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์ œ ๋”ธ์ด 13์‚ด, 10๋Œ€์— ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
04:32
she stopped speaking English,
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑธ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
and she began speaking this new language.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:38
I call it teen-lish.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์‹ญ๋Œ€์–ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
It's a digital language.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์–ธ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
It's got two sounds: a grunt and a silence.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์Œ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ , ๋น„์Œ์„ ๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์นจ๋ฌตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜.
04:50
"Honey, come over for dinner."
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์–˜์•ผ, ์ €๋…๋จน๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๊ฑฐ๋ผ.
04:53
"Hmm."
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ํ ..
04:55
"Did you hear me?"
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๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ˆ?
04:57
Silence. (Laughter)
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์นจ๋ฌต. (์›ƒ์Œ)
04:59
"Can you listen to me?"
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๋„ˆ ๋‚ด ๋ง ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ˆ?
05:01
"Hmm."
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ํ์Œ..
05:02
So we had a real issue with communicating,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œํ†ต์— ์žˆ์–ด ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
05:04
and we were just not communicating,
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์•„์˜ˆ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
until one day I had this epiphany.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ถœํ˜„์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋‚ ์ด ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:09
I texted her. (Laughter)
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์ „ ๋”ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
05:12
I got an instant response.
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์ „ ์ฆ‰๋‹ต์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์ฃ .
05:14
I said, no, that must have been by accident.
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์ €๋Š”, ์•„๋‡จ, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜€์Œ์— ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
She must have thought, you know,
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๋”ธ์•„์ด๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Œ์— ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•Œ๋“ฏ์ด,
05:17
some friend of hers was calling her.
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๋”ธ์•„์ด์˜ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ œ ๋”ธ์„ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
05:19
So I texted her again. Boom, another response.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ ๋”ธ์• ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŽ‘! ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ต์žฅ์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
05:22
I said, this is great.
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์–ด๊ฑฐ ๋ฉ‹์ง„๋ฐ! ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ „ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:24
And so since then, our life has changed.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์งํ›„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
I text her, she responds.
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์ „ ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋”ธ์•„์ด๋Š” ๋‹ต์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
It's just been absolutely great.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ข‹์•„์š”.
05:30
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
05:36
So our millennial generation
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐ€๋ ˆ๋‹ˆ์—„ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋“ค์€
05:38
is built differently.
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๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
Now, I'm older, and my youthful looks might belie that,
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์ด์ œ, ์ €๋Š” ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ „ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„ ๋™์•ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์ง€๋งŒ,
05:42
but I'm not in the millennial generation.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ€๋ ˆ๋‹ˆ์—„ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
But our kids are really different.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
The millennial generation is completely comfortable
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๋ฐ€๋ ˆ๋‹ˆ์—„ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋“ค์€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
05:50
with online technology.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•จ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
So why are we fighting it in the classroom?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค์—์„œ ๋‹คํˆฌ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:53
Let's not fight it. Let's embrace it.
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์‹ธ์šฐ์ง€ ๋ง™์‹œ๋‹ค. ํฌ์˜นํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:55
In fact, I believe -- and I have two fat thumbs,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ „ ์–‘ ์—„์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์ด ๊ตต๊ธฐ์—
05:56
I can't text very well --
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๋ฌธ์ž๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
but I'm willing to bet that with evolution,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €๋Š” ์žฅ๋‹ดํ•˜๊ฑด๋ฐ
06:00
our kids and their grandchildren
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ์†์ž๋“ค์€
06:02
will develop really, really little, itty-bitty thumbs
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๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ž˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ง, ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์—„์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
06:04
to text much better,
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๋ฐœ์ „ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
that evolution will fix all of that stuff.
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์ง„ํ™”๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ์žก์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
But what if we embraced technology,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
06:10
embraced the millennial generation's
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๋ฐ€๋ ˆ๋‹ˆ์—„ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์„ ์ฒœ์  ์• ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ
06:13
natural predilections,
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ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ,
06:14
and really think about creating these online technologies,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
06:17
blend them into their lives.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๋…น์•„๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
06:19
So here's what we can do.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
So rather than driving our kids into a classroom,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค์ฃผ๊ณ 
06:23
herding them out there at 8 o'clock in the morning --
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์•„์นจ 8์‹œ์— ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ชฐ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:25
I hated going to class at 8 o'clock in the morning,
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์ €๋Š” ์•„์นจ 8์‹œ์— ๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
so why are we forcing our kids to do that?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:30
So instead what you do
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
06:31
is you have them watch videos
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
and do interactive exercises
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
06:35
in the comfort of their dorm rooms, in their bedroom,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ™์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ, ์นจ๋Œ€์—์„œ, ์‹ํƒ์—์„œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์—์„œ
06:38
in the dining room, in the bathroom,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
06:40
wherever they're most creative.
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์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋“  ๊ฐ„์— ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
Then they come into the classroom
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์„  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋Œ€์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
06:44
for some in-person interaction.
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๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค๋กœ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
They can have discussions amongst themselves.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹  ์†์—์„œ๋„ ํ† ๋ก ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
They can solve problems together.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
They can work with the professor
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ต์ˆ˜์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
and have the professor answer their questions.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ต์ˆ˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๋‹ต์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
In fact, with edX, when we were teaching our first course
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, edX์—์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒซ ๊ฐ•์˜์ธ ํšŒ๋กœ์™€ ์ „์žํ•™์„
06:59
on circuits and electronics around the world,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
07:02
this was happening unbeknownst to us.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
Two high school teachers
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๋ชฝ๊ณจ์˜ Sant ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜
07:06
at the Sant High School in Mongolia
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๋‘ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
07:09
had flipped their classroom,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์ ‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
and they were using our video lectures
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๊ณ 
07:14
and interactive exercises,
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ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ํ™œ๋™์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
where the learners in the high school,
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๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€
07:17
15-year-olds, mind you,
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15์‚ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋ญ๋ž„๊นŒ,
07:19
would go and do these things in their own homes
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ๋„ค๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:21
and they would come into class,
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๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
and as you see from this image here,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณด๋“ฏ์ด,
07:24
they would interact with each other
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ์†Œํ†ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
and do some physical laboratory work.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
And the only way we discovered this
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
07:29
was they wrote a blog
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
and we happened to stumble upon that blog.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ € ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ ๋งˆ์ฃผ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
We were also doing other pilots.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒŒ์ผ๋Ÿฟ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
So we did a pilot experimental blended courses,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋น„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•ด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
working with San Jose State University in California,
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ์‚ฐ ํ˜ธ์„ธ ์ฃผ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:42
again, with the circuits and electronics course.
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ํšŒ๋กœ์™€ ์ „์žํ•™ ๊ฐ•์˜๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:44
You'll hear that a lot. That course has become
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ๋˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
sort of like our petri dish of learning.
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์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก์— ์žˆ์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํŒจํŠธ๋ฆฌ ์ ‘์‹œ (์‹คํ—™์šฉ์œ ๋ฆฌ)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
So there, the students would, again,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ, ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ฃ ,
07:52
the instructors flipped the classroom,
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๊ทธ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค์„ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด ์—Ž์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
blended online and in person,
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ๊ณผ ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
07:56
and the results were staggering.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ •๋„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
Now don't take these results to the bank just yet.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ๋‹น์žฅ ์€ํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
08:01
Just wait a little bit longer as we experiment with this some more,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์‹คํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”
08:04
but the early results are incredible.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
So traditionally, semester upon semester,
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์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ง€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ํ•™๊ธฐ๋งˆ๋‹ค,
08:08
for the past several years, this course,
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์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ๊ธˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
08:11
again, a hard course,
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๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฐ•์˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
had a failure rate of about 40 to 41 percent
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๋งค ํ•™๊ธฐ๋งˆ๋‹ค 40์—์„œ 41ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ๊ณผ๋ฝ์œจ์„
08:15
every semester.
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๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
With this blended class late last year,
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์ž‘๋…„ ๋ง ์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ๊ฐ•์˜๋กœ
08:20
the failure rate fell to nine percent.
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๊ณผ๋ฝ์œจ์€ 9ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
So the results can be extremely, extremely good.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ทนํžˆ, ์ง€๊ทนํžˆ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
Now before we go too far into this,
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์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ง€๊ธˆ
08:30
I'd like to spend some time discussing
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์ €๋Š” ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ํ‚ค ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
08:33
some key ideas.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
What are some key ideas
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์–ด๋–ค ํ‚ค ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์ด
08:35
that makes all of this work?
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:38
One idea is active learning.
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ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์  ๋ฐฐ์›€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
The idea here is, rather than have students
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š”
08:43
walk into class and watch lectures,
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค
08:45
we replace this with what we call lessons.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์œ„ ๋ ˆ์Šจ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
Lessons are interleaved sequences
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๋ ˆ์Šจ๋“ค์€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์˜
08:50
of videos and interactive exercises.
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์‚ฝ์ž…์ˆ˜์—ด๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
So a student might watch a five-, seven-minute video
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ 5๋ถ„์—์„œ 7๋ถ„ ์ •๋„์˜ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ 
08:56
and follow that with an interactive exercise.
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ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
Think of this as the ultimate Socratization of education.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์‚ฐํŒŒ์ˆ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
09:03
You teach by asking questions.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
And this is a form of learning
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ต์œก์˜ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
called active learning,
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ํ™œ๋™์  ๋ฐฐ์›€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:07
and really promoted by a very early paper, in 1972,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์‹ค๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
09:11
by Craik and Lockhart,
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1972๋…„ Craik์™€ Lockhart์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:12
where they said and discovered
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ•™์Šต์ด ์ •์‹  ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊นŠ์ด์—
09:14
that learning and retention really relates strongly
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๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
09:16
to the depth of mental processing.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
09:18
Students learn much better
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ• ๋•Œ,
09:19
when they are interacting with the material.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋ฐฐ์šด๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
The second idea is self-pacing.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ ํŽ˜์ด์Šค์กฐ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
Now, when I went to a lecture hall,
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์ด์ œ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์˜์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ 
09:27
and if you were like me,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์ €์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:28
by the fifth minute I would lose the professor.
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5๋ถ„ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ง์„ ์žƒ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์š”.
09:30
I wasn't all that smart, and I would be scrambling, taking notes,
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์ „ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ—ˆ๋‘ฅ์ง€๋‘ฅ
09:34
and then I would lose the lecture for the rest of the hour.
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๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ ์„  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
Instead, wouldn't it be nice with online technologies,
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๋Œ€์‹ ์—, ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ข‹์•„์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:39
we offer videos and interactive engagements to students?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์™€ ํ˜‘๋™์  ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
09:43
They can hit the pause button.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ผ์‹œ์ •์ง€ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
They can rewind the professor.
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๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋˜๊ฐ๊ธฐ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
Heck, they can even mute the professor.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ต์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์Œ์†Œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
So this form of self-pacing
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์กฐ์ ˆ์€
09:53
can be very helpful to learning.
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๋ฐฐ์›€์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
The third idea that we have is instant feedback.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
With instant feedback,
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์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์œผ๋กœ,
10:00
the computer grades exercises.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์— ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
I mean, how else do you teach 150,000 students?
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์ œ ๋œป์€, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ 15๋งŒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:04
Your computer is grading all the exercises.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
And we've all submitted homeworks,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ถœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
and your grades come back two weeks later,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ•™์ ์€ 2์ฃผ ๋’ค์— ๋Œ์•„์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
you've forgotten all about it.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์…”๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
I don't think I've still received some of my homeworks
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
from my undergraduate days.
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ํ•™๋ถ€์ƒ ์‹œ์ ˆ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์š”.
10:15
Some are never graded.
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
So with instant feedback,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
10:18
students can try to apply answers.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ต์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
If they get it wrong, they can get instant feedback.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
They can try it again and try it again,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ช‡๋ฒˆ์ด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์‹œ๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
and this really becomes much more engaging.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋”์šฑ ๋”
10:26
They get the instant feedback,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
and this little green check mark that you see here
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ด ์งค๋ง‰ํ•œ ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์ฒดํฌํ‘œ์‹œ๋Š”
10:30
is becoming somewhat of a cult symbol at edX.
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edX์˜ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ปฌํŠธ ์‹ฌ๋ณผ์ด ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
Learners are telling us that they go to bed at night
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐค์— ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค ๋•Œ
10:37
dreaming of the green check mark.
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๋…น์ƒ‰ ์ฒดํฌํ‘œ์‹œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊พผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
In fact, one of our learners
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์€
10:42
who took the circuits course early last year,
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์ž‘๋…„ ์ดˆ์— ํšŒ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์˜๋“ค ์‹ ์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
he then went on to take a software course
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๋ง์— ๋ฒ„ํด๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜
10:47
from Berkeley at the end of the year,
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์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์‹ ์ฒญํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:49
and this is what the learner had to say
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด
10:51
on our discussion board
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ† ๋ก  ๊ฒŒ์‹œํŒ์— ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
when he just started that course
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์ฒดํฌํ‘œ์‹œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ
10:54
about the green check mark:
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:56
"Oh god; have I missed you."
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"๋ง™์†Œ์‚ฌ ๋„ˆ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์–ด."
10:58
When's the last time you've seen students
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฝ”๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ
11:01
posting comments like this about homework?
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๋‹จ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:05
My colleague Ed Bertschinger,
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MIT ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋ถ€์„œ๋ฅผ ์ฑ…์ž„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
11:08
who heads up the physics department at MIT,
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์ œ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋™๊ธฐ์ธ Bertschinger๋Š”
11:10
has this to say about instant feedback:
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์ฆ‰๊ฐ์  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
He indicated that instant feedback
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์ด
11:16
turns teaching moments into learning outcomes.
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๊ต์œก์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฐฐ์›€์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
The next big idea is gamification.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ํฐ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ์ด๋ฏธํ”ผ์ผ€์ด์…˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
You know, all learners engage really well
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•Œ๋“ฏ, ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€
11:26
with interactive videos and so on.
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ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ๋น„๋””์˜ค์™€ ๊ทธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋  ๋•Œ ์ž˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
You know, they would sit down and shoot
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•‰์•„์„œ ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์„
11:29
alien spaceships all day long until they get it.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ๋•Œ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:31
So we applied these gamification techniques to learning,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒŒ์ด๋ฏธํ”ผ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ต์œก์— ์ ‘๋ชฉ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
and we can build these online laboratories.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
How do you teach creativity? How do you teach design?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜์ง€? ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ ?
11:38
We can do this through online labs
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
and use computing power
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ „์›์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
11:41
to build these online labs.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:43
So as this little video shows here,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์งค๋ง‰ํ•œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋“ฏ์ด,
11:45
you can engage students
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ฐธ์—ฌ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
much like they design with Legos.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ ˆ๊ณ ๋กœ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:48
So here, the learners are building a circuit
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—, ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
with Lego-like ease.
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๋ ˆ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋“ฏ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:52
And this can also be graded by the computer.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
Fifth is peer learning.
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๋‹ค์„ฏ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋™๋ฃŒ ํ•™์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
So here, we use discussion forums and discussions
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ† ๋ก  ํฌ๋Ÿผ๊ณผ ํ† ๋ก , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
12:02
and Facebook-like interaction
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ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ต๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
not as a distraction,
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์ฃผ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:06
but to really help students learn.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฐ์›€์— ๋งค์šฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
Let me tell you a story.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
12:10
When we did our circuits course
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 15๋งŒ 5์ฒœ๋ช… ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜
12:14
for the 155,000 students,
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ํšŒ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
12:16
I didn't sleep for three nights
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์ €๋Š” 3์ผ๋™์•ˆ ์ž ์„ ๋ชป ์žค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
leading up to the launch of the course.
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ฐœ์ตœ๋ฅผ ์ด๋„๋Š๋ผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:19
I told my TAs, okay, 24/7,
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์กฐ๊ต์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ , ์ข‹์•„, 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ 7์ผ๋™์•ˆ
12:22
we're going to be up
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:23
monitoring the forum, answering questions.
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1874
ํฌ๋Ÿผ์„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๊ณ , ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
12:25
They had answered questions for 100 students.
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745287
1973
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•™์ƒ 100๋ช…์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ต์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
How do you do that for 150,000?
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2861
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ 15๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:30
So one night I'm sitting up there, at 2 a.m. at night,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ๋ฐค, ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ 2์‹œ ๋ฐค์—, ์ €๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•‰์•„
12:32
and I think there's this question
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ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„์—์„œ ์˜จ ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—
12:33
from a student from Pakistan,
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1971
์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
and he asked a question, and I said,
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1328
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ „ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
okay, let me go and type up an answer,
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์ข‹์•„, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋‹จ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํƒ€์ดํ•‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ.
12:38
I don't type all that fast,
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1608
์ €๋Š” ํƒ€์ดํ•‘์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ํŽธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
and I begin typing up the answer,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํƒ€์ดํ•‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ 
12:41
and before I can finish,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
12:43
another student from Egypt popped in with an answer,
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์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์—์„œ ์˜จ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ฐพ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
not quite right, so I'm fixing the answer,
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1918
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์ •๋‹ต์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
and before I can finish, a student from the U.S.
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1968
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋˜ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์˜จ ํ•™์ƒ์ด
12:49
had popped in with a different answer.
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769859
1609
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ฐพ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
And then I sat back, fascinated.
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2800
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋‚˜์„œ ์ „ ํŽธํžˆ ์•‰๊ณ ์„  ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
Boom, boom, boom, boom, the students were
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1947
๋ถ, ๋ถ, ๋ถ, ๋ถ! ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด
12:56
discussing and interacting with each other,
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1951
์„œ๋กœ ํ† ๋ก ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ต๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
and by 4 a.m. that night, I'm totally fascinated,
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2518
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ 4์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐค ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ €๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
having this epiphany,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ถœํ˜„๊ณผ
13:02
and by 4 a.m. in the morning,
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1256
์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ 4์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€,
13:03
they had discovered the right answer.
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1753
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋‹ต์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
And all I had to do was go and bless it,
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1727
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ๊ฐ€์„œ ์นญ์ฐฌํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
"Good answer."
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1966
"์ข‹์€ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค."
13:08
So this is absolutely amazing,
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2352
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
where students are learning from each other,
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1810
ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ 
13:13
and they're telling us that they are learning
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ
13:15
by teaching.
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๊ต์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:18
Now this is all not just in the future.
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798130
1980
์ด์ œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
This is happening today.
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1752
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
So we are applying these blended learning pilots
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ต์œก ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
in a number of universities and high schools around the world,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
13:26
from Tsinghua in China
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์นญํ™”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
13:28
to the National University of Mongolia in Mongolia
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๋ชฝ๊ณจ์˜ ๋ชฝ๊ณจ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ
13:31
to Berkeley in California --
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ๋ฒ„ํด๋ฆฌ --
13:32
all over the world.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:34
And these kinds of technologies really help,
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2024
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
the blended model can really help
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ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€
13:37
revolutionize education.
343
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2098
๊ต์œก์„ ํ˜์‹ ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
It can also solve a practical problem of MOOCs,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ MOOCs์˜ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
the business aspect.
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๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:44
We can also license these MOOC courses
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋“ค์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ MOOC์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„
13:47
to other universities,
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ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
and therein lies a revenue model for MOOCs,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— MOOCs๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ต ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
where the university that licenses it with the professor
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๊ต์ˆ˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ด
13:53
can use these online courses
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:55
like the next-generation textbook.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:57
They can use as much or as little as they like,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜น์€ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์œผ๋กœ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:00
and it becomes a tool in the teacher's arsenal.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑด ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊ณ ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
Finally, I would like to have you
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
14:07
dream with me for a little bit.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
I would like us to really reimagine education.
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ค๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๊ต์œก์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋” ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
We will have to move from lecture halls to e-spaces.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:19
We have to move from books to tablets
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฑ…์—์„œ ํƒ€๋ธ”๋ ›์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
like the Aakash in India
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์ธ๋„์˜ Aakash ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ . (Datawind์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํƒœ๋ธ”๋ฆฟ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ)
14:23
or the Raspberry Pi, 20 dollars.
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ํ˜น์€ 20๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์งœ๋ฆฌ Raspberry Pi ๋กœ์š” (์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์ดˆ์†Œํ˜• ์‹ฑ๊ธ€๋ณด๋“œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ)
14:25
The Aakash is 40 dollars.
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2007
Aakash๋Š” 40๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
We have to move from bricks-and-mortar school buildings
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ ํ˜•์‹์˜ ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—์„œ
14:30
to digital dormitories.
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:33
But I think at the end of the day,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š”,
14:34
I think we will still need one lecture hall
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ์žˆ์–ด
14:37
in our universities.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐ•์˜์‹ค์€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
Otherwise, how else do we tell our grandchildren
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์†์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
14:42
that your grandparents sat in that room
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์ €๊ธฐ ์ € ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋“ค์ด
14:45
in neat little rows like cornstalks
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์ผ๋ ฌ๋กœ ์ž˜ ์ •๋ˆ๋œ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์•‰์•„์„œ
14:49
and watched this professor at the end
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์ €๊ธฐ ๋์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:51
talk about content and, you know,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„,
14:54
you didn't even have a rewind button?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋˜๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์กฐ์ฐจ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:56
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
15:01
Thank you. Thank you. (Applause)
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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