These bacteria eat plastic | Morgan Vague

156,943 views ・ 2019-06-24

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Transcriber: Ivana Korom Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz
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λ²ˆμ—­: Minji Kim κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
Plastics: you know about them, you may not love them,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μ„ μ•„μ‹œμ£ . μ•„λ§ˆ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆκ³ μš”.
00:17
but chances are you use them every single day.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μ„ 맀일 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
By 2050, researchers estimate
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2050λ…„μ—λŠ”, μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ΄ μ‚°μ •ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ
00:24
that there will be more plastic in the ocean than fish.
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해양에 물고기보닀 ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μ΄ 더 λ§Žμ„ 것이라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
Despite our best efforts,
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μ΅œμ„ μ„ λ‹€ν–ˆμŒμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
00:30
only nine percent of all plastic we use winds up being recycled.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ“°λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹± 쀑 9%만이 μž¬ν™œμš© 되고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
And even worse,
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더 μ•ˆ 쒋은 사싀은
00:38
plastic is incredibly tough and durable
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ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μ€ ꡉμž₯히 질기고 내ꡬ성이 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
and researchers estimate
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그리고 μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ€
00:43
that it can take anywhere from 500 to 5,000 years
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ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μ΄ 500λ…„μ—μ„œ 5000λ…„κΉŒμ§€ 걸릴 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μΆ”μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
to fully break down.
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μ™„μ „νžˆ λΆ„ν•΄λ˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
It leaches harmful chemical contaminants into our oceans, our soil,
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μœ ν•΄ν•œ ν™”ν•™ 물질이 ν•΄μ–‘κ³Ό ν† μ–‘μœΌλ‘œ μŠ€λ©°λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
our food, our water, and into us.
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그리고 우리의 μŒμ‹, 물둜, κ²°κ΅­μ—λŠ” μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œλ‘œμš”.
01:00
So how did we wind up with so much plastic waste?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이 λ§Žμ€ ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹± μ“°λ ˆκΈ°κ°€ 생긴 κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
01:04
Well, it's simple.
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κ°„λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:06
Plastic is cheap, durable, adaptable, and it's everywhere.
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ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μ€ μ‹Έκ³ , 내ꡬ성이 있고 μ μš©μ„±μ΄ 있고, λͺ¨λ“  곳에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
But the good news is
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 쒋은 μ†Œμ‹μ€
01:14
there's something else that's cheap, durable, adaptable and everywhere.
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μ €λ ΄ν•˜κ³ , 내ꡬ성이 있으며, μ μš©μ„±μ΄ 있고 μ–΄λ””μ—λ‚˜ μžˆλŠ” 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 것이 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
And my research shows it may even be able to help us
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제 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 이것이 우리λ₯Ό λ„μšΈ 수 μžˆμŒμ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
with our plastic pollution problem.
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ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹± μ˜€μ—Ό 문제λ₯Ό 말이죠.
01:25
I'm talking about bacteria.
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μ €λŠ” λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ₯Ό λ§ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
Bacteria are microscopic living beings invisible to the naked eye
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λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λŠ” μœ‘μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ 보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” λ―Έμ„Έν•œ μƒλ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
that live everywhere,
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μ–΄λ””μ—λ‚˜ μ‚΄κ³ 
01:35
in all sorts of diverse and extreme environments,
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ’…λ₯˜λ‘œ, κ·Ήμ‹¬ν•œ ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œλ„ μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
from the human gut, to soil, to skin,
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μΈκ°„μ˜ λ‚΄μž₯μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° ν† μ–‘, ν”ΌλΆ€
01:42
to vents in the ocean floor, reaching temperatures of 700 degrees Fahrenheit.
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화씨700도(섭씨 μ•½ 371도)에 이λ₯΄λŠ” ν•΄μ €μ˜ 뢄화ꡬ에 이λ₯΄κΈ°κΉŒμ§€μš”.
01:46
Bacteria live everywhere,
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λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  곳에 μ‚΄κ³ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
in all sorts of diverse and extreme environments.
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λͺ¨λ“  λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 것듀에, κ·Ήμ‹¬ν•œ ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œλ„ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
And as such, they have to get pretty creative with their food sources.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‹μœΌλ‘œ, μ‹μžμ›μ„ λ‹€μ†Œ 창의적이게 λ‹€λ£Ήλ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
There's also a lot of them.
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λ˜ν•œ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μ˜ μˆ˜λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
Researchers estimate that there are roughly five million trillion trillion --
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μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ€ λŒ€λž΅ 5λ°±μ–‘ μ •λ„λ‘œ μ‚°μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
that's a five with 30 zeros after it -- bacteria on the planet.
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5뒀에 30개의 0을 뢙인 μˆ˜κ°€ λ°”λ‘œ μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ˜ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„ μˆ«μžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
Now, considering that we humans produce
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이제, 우리 인간이
02:15
300 million tons of new plastic each year,
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맀년 3μ–΅ ν†€μ˜ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μ„ μƒμ‚°ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 κ³ λ €ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ,
02:19
I'd say that our plastic numbers
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우리의 ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹± μˆ«μžλŠ”
02:21
are looking pretty comparable to bacteria's.
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λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μ˜ μˆ˜μ™€ κ²¬μ€„λ§Œ ν•΄ 보인닀고 ν•  수 μžˆκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
So, after noticing this
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이λ₯Ό μΈμ§€ν•œ 뒀에
02:28
and after learning about all of the creative ways
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λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„κ°€ μŒμ‹μ„ μ°ΎλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  창의적인 방법듀을 μ•Œκ³ λ‚˜μ„œ,
02:30
that bacteria find food,
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02:32
I started to think:
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μ €λŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
could bacteria in plastic-polluted environments
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ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹± μ˜€μ—Όλœ ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λŠ”
02:37
have figured out how to use plastic for food?
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ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μ„ μŒμ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ†ŒλΉ„ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ•Œμ•„λ‚ΌκΉŒμš”?
02:42
Well, this is the question that I decided to pursue a couple of years ago.
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이것이 μ œκ°€ λͺ‡ λ…„ 전에 닡을 찾기둜 κ²°μ‹¬ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
Now, fortunately for me,
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μ €λŠ” λ‹€ν–‰νžˆλ„
02:49
I'm from one of the most polluted cities in America,
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μ˜€μ—Όλœ λ„μ‹œμ€‘ ν•œ κ³³μ—μ„œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
Houston, Texas.
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λ°”λ‘œ ν…μ‚¬μŠ€, νœ΄μŠ€ν„΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:54
(Laughs)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:55
In my hometown alone,
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μ €μ˜ κ³ ν–₯μ—λ§Œ
02:56
there are seven EPA-designated Superfund sites.
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7개의 EPA에 μ˜ν•΄ μ§€μ •λœ Superfund ꡬ역이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
These are sites that are so polluted,
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이 ꡬ역듀은 λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ˜€μ—Όλ˜μ–΄μ„œ,
03:04
that the government has deemed their cleanup a national priority.
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μ •λΆ€κ°€ 이곳의 μ²­μ†Œλ₯Ό ꡭ가적 μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ‘œ μ—¬κ²¨μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
So I decided to trek around to these sites
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” 이곳듀을 λ”°λΌκ°€λ³΄κΈ°λ‘œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:13
and collect soil samples teeming with bacteria.
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그리고 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ‘œ κ°€λ“ν•œ ν† μ–‘ 견본을 λͺ¨μœΌκΈ°λ‘œ ν–ˆμ£ .
03:16
I started toying with a protocol,
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μ €λŠ” ν•œ λ°©μ•ˆμ„ μœ„ν•œ ν™”λ €ν•œ 과학적 토둠인 μ‹€ν—˜κ³„νšμ„œλ₯Ό 가지고 μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
which is fancy science talk for a recipe.
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03:22
And what I was trying to cook up was a carbon-free media,
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그리고 μ œκ°€ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄κ³ μžν–ˆλ˜ 것은 λ¬΄νƒ„μ†Œ μˆ˜λ‹¨μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
or a food-free environment.
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λ˜λŠ” λ¬΄μŒμ‹ ν™˜κ²½μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
An environment without the usual carbons, or food,
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λ³΄ν†΅μ˜ νƒ„μ†Œλ‚˜ μŒμ‹μ΄ μ—†λŠ” ν™˜κ²½μ€
03:31
that bacteria, like us humans, need to live.
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우리 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ²˜λŸΌ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„κ°€ μ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ 것듀이죠.
03:36
Now, in this environment,
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이제 이런 ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ,
03:37
I would provide my bacteria with a sole carbon, or food, source.
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λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μ—κ²Œ λ‹¨ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μΉ΄λ³Έ, λ˜λŠ” μŒμ‹, μžμ›μ„ 주기둜 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
I would feed my bacteria polyethylene terephthalate,
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λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μ—κ²Œ ν΄λ¦¬μ—ν‹Έλ Œ ν…Œλ ˆν”„νƒˆλ ˆμ΄νŠΈλ₯Ό 먹이둜 주기둜 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
or PET plastic.
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PET 라고도 ν•˜μ£ .
03:49
PET plastic is the most widely produced plastic in the world.
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PET ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μ€ μ „μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•˜κ²Œ μƒμ‚°λ˜λŠ” ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
It's used in all sorts of food and drink containers,
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λͺ¨λ“  μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μŒμ‹κ³Ό 음료 용기둜 μ΄μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
with the most notorious example being plastic water bottles,
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ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹± λ¬Όλ³‘μœΌλ‘œμ„œ κ°€μž₯ μ•…λͺ…λ†’κ³ ,
04:02
of which we humans currently go through at a rate of one million per minute.
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우리 인간이 ν˜„μž¬ 1뢄에 백만개λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  있죠.
04:10
So, what I would be doing,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ œκ°€ ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ€
04:12
is essentially putting my bacteria on a forced diet of PET plastic
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본질적으둜 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ₯Ό PET μ‹λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ λͺ°μ•„ λ„£λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
and seeing which, if any, might survive or, hopefully, thrive.
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그리고 이 쀑 일뢀라도 살아남을지, λ˜λŠ” λ‹€ν–‰νžˆ 잘 μžλΌλ‚ μ§€ λ³΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
See, this type of experiment would act as a screen
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λ³΄μ„Έμš”, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μ‹€ν—˜μ€ 막을 ν˜•μ„±ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:25
for bacteria that had adapted to their plastic-polluted environment
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ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μœΌλ‘œ μ˜€μ—Όλœ ν™˜κ²½μ— μ μ‘ν•œ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μ—κ²Œ
04:29
and evolved the incredibly cool ability to eat PET plastic.
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그리고 PETλ₯Ό λ¨ΉλŠ” ꡉμž₯ν•œ λŠ₯λ ₯이 μ§„ν™”λœ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μ—κ²Œ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:35
And using this screen,
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그리고 이 막을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
04:36
I was able to find some bacteria that had done just that.
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μ €λŠ” μ •λ§λ‘œ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
These bacteria had figured out how to eat PET plastic.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ“€μ€ PETλ₯Ό λ¨ΉλŠ” 법을 λ°œκ²¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:48
So how do these bacteria do this?
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그럼 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λŠ” κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
04:51
Well, it's actually pretty simple.
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사싀은 κ½€ κ°„λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
Just as we humans digest carbon or food into chunks of sugar
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우리 인간이 νƒ„μ†Œλ‚˜ μŒμ‹μ„ μ„€νƒ•μ˜ λ©μ–΄λ¦¬λ‘œ μ†Œν™”ν•˜μ—¬
04:58
that we then use for energy,
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이것을 μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
05:00
so too do my bacteria.
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λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ„ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:03
My bacteria, however, have figured out how to do this digestion process
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 제 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λŠ” 이 μ†Œν™” 과정을 μ§„ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 법을 μ•Œκ²Œλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:07
to big, tough, durable PET plastic.
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크고 질기고 내ꡬ성 μžˆλŠ” PET ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œμš”.
05:12
Now, to do this, my bacteria use a special version
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜κΈ°μœ„ν•΄μ„œ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λŠ” νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 방법을 μ΄μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:15
of what's called an enzyme.
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μ—”μžμž„μ΄λΌ λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
Now, enzymes are simply compounds that exist in all living things.
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μ—”μžμž„μ€ λͺ¨λ“  생물에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ ν•©μ„±λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:21
There are many different types of enzymes,
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λ§Žμ€ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ νš¨μ†Œκ°€ μžˆλŠ”λ°,
05:23
but basically, they make processes go forward,
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기본적으둜 νš¨μ†ŒλŠ” μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ•„κ°€κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 과정을 λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:26
such as the digestion of food into energy.
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μŒμ‹μ„ μ†Œν™”ν•˜μ—¬ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ‘œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ³Όμ •κ³Ό κ°™μ€λ°μ—μš”.
05:30
For instance, we humans have an enzyme called an amylase
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 인간은 μ•„λ°€λ ˆμ΄μŠ€λΌλŠ” νš¨μ†Œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:33
that helps us digest complex starches, such as bread,
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λΉ΅κ³Ό 같은 λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 전뢄을 μ†Œν™”ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ•λŠ” νš¨μ†Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:37
into small chunks of sugar that we can then use for energy.
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이후에 μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ‘œ μ΄μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μž‘μ€ λ‹ΉλΆ„μžλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ μ£Όμ£ .
05:42
Now, my bacteria have a special enzyme called a lipase
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제 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λŠ” λ¦¬νŒŒμ•„μ œλΌ λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” νŠΉλ³„ν•œ νš¨μ†Œλ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:45
that binds to big, tough, durable PET plastic
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크고, κ°•ν•˜κ³ , λ‚΄κ΅¬μ„±μžˆλŠ” PET ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μ„ μͺΌκ°œκ³ 
05:49
and helps break it into small chunks of sugar
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μž‘μ€ λ‹¨μœ„μ˜ λ‹ΉμœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€λ„λ‘ λ•μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:52
that my bacteria can then use for energy.
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ‘œ μ΄μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ν•˜μ£ .
05:56
So basically,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ 기본적으둜,
05:57
PET plastic goes from being a big, tough, long-lasting pollutant
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PET ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μ€ 크고 κ°•ν•˜κ³  μ˜€λž˜κ°€λŠ” μ˜€μ—Όλ¬Όμ§ˆλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜,
06:02
to a tasty meal for my bacteria.
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이 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μ—κ²ŒλŠ” λ§›λ‚œ 양식이 λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:06
Sounds pretty cool, right?
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κ½€λ‚˜ 멋지지 μ•Šλ‚˜μš”?
06:10
And I think, given the current scope of our plastic pollution problem,
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그리고 μ €λŠ” ν˜„μž¬μ˜ ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹± μ˜€μ—Ό 문제의 λ²”μœ„λ₯Ό 봀을 λ•Œ
06:15
I think it sounds pretty useful.
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이것이 μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ μœ μš©ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:18
The statistics I shared with you
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μ œκ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό λ‚˜λˆ„μ—ˆλ˜
06:20
on just how much plastic waste has accumulated on our planet
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹± 폐기물이 지ꡬ상에 μŒ“μ΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” ν†΅κ³„λŠ”
06:24
are daunting.
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μœ„ν˜‘μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:25
They're scary.
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λ”μ°ν•˜μ§€μš”.
06:27
And I think they highlight
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그리고 그듀이
06:29
that while reducing, reusing and recycling are important,
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쀄이고 μž¬μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μž¬ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  ν•˜λŠ” ν•œνŽΈ
06:33
they alone are not going to be enough to solve this problem.
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이 문제λ₯Ό ν’€κΈ°μ—λŠ” 이 μ„Έκ°€μ§€λ‘œλŠ” μΆ©λΆ„μΉ˜ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 것을 κ°•μ‘°ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:38
And this is where I think bacteria might be able to help us out.
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이것이 μ œκ°€ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„κ°€ 우리λ₯Ό λ„μšΈ 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:43
But I do understand why the concept of bacterial help
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ” λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μ˜ 도움에 λŒ€ν•œ κ°œλ…μ΄
06:47
might make some people a little nervous.
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μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” κΈ΄μž₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 이유λ₯Ό μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:50
After all, if plastic is everywhere and these bacteria eat plastic,
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κ²°κ΅­μ—λŠ”, ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μ€ μ–΄λ””μ—λ‚˜ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ³  이 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ“€μ΄ ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μ„ λ¨ΉλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄,
06:56
isn't there a risk of these bacteria getting out in the environment
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이 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ“€μ„ ν™˜κ²½μ— λ‚΄λ†“μœΌλ©΄, λ§‰λŒ€ν•œ ν”Όν•΄λ₯Ό 쀄 μœ„ν—˜μš”μ†Œκ°€ μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ„κΉŒμš”?
06:59
and wreaking havoc?
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07:02
Well, the short answer is no, and I'll tell you why.
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λ„€, 짧게 λ‹΅ν•˜μžλ©΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이유λ₯Ό λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬μ£ .
07:06
These bacteria are already in the environment.
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이 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ“€μ€ 이미 ν™˜κ²½μ— μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:10
The bacteria in my research are not genetically modified frankenbugs.
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μ €μ˜ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λŠ” μœ μ „μž λ³€ν˜• λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:16
These are naturally occurring bacteria
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이듀은 μžμ—°μ μœΌλ‘œ μƒμ„±λ˜λŠ” λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ‘œ
07:18
that have simply adapted to their plastic-polluted environment
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ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μœΌλ‘œ μ˜€μ—Όλœ ν™˜κ²½μ— μ‰½κ²Œ μ μ‘ν•˜κ²Œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:22
and evolved the incredibly gnarly ability to eat PET plastic.
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그리고 ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μ„ λ¨ΉλŠ” 정말 λλ‚΄μ£ΌλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯을 λ°œλ‹¬μ‹œμΌ°μ§€μš”.
07:28
So the process of bacteria eating plastic is actually a natural one.
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λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„κ°€ ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μ„ λ¨ΉλŠ” 과정은 사싀 μžμ—°μ μΈ ν˜„μƒμ΄λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:33
But it's an incredibly slow process.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것은 정말 느린 κ³Όμ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:36
And there remains a lot of work to be done
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그리고 아직 ν•΄κ²°ν•΄μ•Όν•  일듀이 λ‚¨μ•„μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:38
to figure out how to speed up this process to a useful pace.
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이 과정을 효율적인 μ†λ„λ‘œ ν–₯μƒμ‹œν‚€λŠ” 방법을 μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
07:44
My research is currently looking at ways of doing this
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μ €μ˜ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” ν˜„μž¬ 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 방법을 μ°Ύκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:46
through a series of UV, or ultraviolet, pretreatments,
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UV λ˜λŠ” μžμ™Έμ„  μ—°μ‡„λ°˜μ‘, μ „μ²˜λ¦¬ 등을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œμš”.
07:50
which basically means we blast PET plastic with sunlight.
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이것은 기본적으둜 PETλ₯Ό νƒœμ–‘λΉ›μœΌλ‘œ μͺΌκ° λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:56
We do this because sunlight acts a bit like tenderizer on a steak,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ” 햇빛은 μŠ€ν…Œμ΄ν¬ μ—°ν™”μ œμ™€ 같은 역할을 ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:00
turning the big, tough, durable bonds in PET plastic
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크고, λ‹¨λ‹¨ν•˜κ³ , μ˜€λž˜κ°€λŠ” PET의 결합을
08:04
a bit softer and a bit easier for my bacteria to chew on.
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μ’€ 더 λΆ€λ“œλŸ½κ³ , λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„κ°€ μ”ΉκΈ° μ‰½κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ£ΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:10
Ultimately, what my research hopes to do
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ꢁ극적으둜, 제 μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ λ°”λΌλŠ” 것은
08:12
is create an industrial-scale contained carbon-free system,
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μ‚°μ—…μ˜ 규λͺ¨λ₯Ό λ¬΄νƒ„μ†Œ μ²΄κ³„λ‘œ λ°”κΎΈκ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:17
similar to a compost heap,
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퇴비 더미와 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ
08:19
where these bacteria can thrive in a contained system,
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이 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ“€μ΄ κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ μ²΄κ³„μ—μ„œ μžλΌλ‚  수 μžˆλŠ” κ³³
08:23
where their sole food source is PET plastic waste.
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μœ μΌν•œ μŒμ‹μ΄ PET ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹± 폐기물인 κ³³μ—μ„œ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:28
Imagine one day being able to dispose of all of your plastic waste
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μ–Έμ  κ°€λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹± 폐기물이 κ΅¬μ„μ˜ ν†΅μ—μ„œ 처리될수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 상상을 ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
08:33
in a bin at the curb
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08:34
that you knew was bound for a dedicated bacteria-powered plastic waste facility.
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ν—Œμ‹ μ μΈ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„ μ—°λ£Œμ˜ ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹± 폐기물 처리 μ‹œμ„€μ΄λΌκ³  μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” ν†΅μ—μ„œμš”.
08:41
I think with some hard work this is an achievable reality.
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μ €λŠ” μ–΄λŠ 정도 λ…Έλ ₯ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ 이것이 μ‹€ν˜„κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 일이라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:47
Plastic-eating bacteria is not a cure-all.
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ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μ„ 먹이둜 ν•˜λŠ” λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„κ°€ λ§Œλ³‘ν†΅μΉ˜μ•½μ€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:50
But given the current statistics, it's clear that we humans,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν˜„μž¬μ˜ 톡계λ₯Ό 비좰봀을 λ•Œ,
08:54
we could use a little help with this problem.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 μž‘μ€ 도움이 ν•„μš”ν•¨μ΄ λͺ…λ°±ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:58
Because people,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ‚¬λžŒμΈ
08:59
we possess a pressing problem of plastic pollution.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹± μ˜€μ—Όμ΄λΌλŠ” μ€‘λŒ€ν•œ 문제λ₯Ό μ•ˆκ³ μžˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:03
And bacteria might be a really important part of the solution.
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그리고 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„κ°€ 이λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•  정말 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:07
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
(λ°•μˆ˜)
09:09
(Applause)
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이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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