Have we reached the end of physics? | Harry Cliff

655,352 views ใƒป 2016-01-26

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Ju Hye Lim ๊ฒ€ํ† : JY Kang
00:12
A hundred years ago this month, a 36-year-old Albert Einstein
0
12480
3696
100๋…„ ์ „ ์ด ๋‹ฌ, 36์„ธ์˜ ์•Œ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์€
00:16
stood up in front of the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin
1
16200
3256
๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ด์„ผ ๊ณผํ•™ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ์—์„œ
00:19
to present a radical new theory of space, time and gravity:
2
19480
4456
์šฐ์ฃผ์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์ƒˆ ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
the general theory of relativity.
3
23960
3016
๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ์ด๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
General relativity is unquestionably Einstein's masterpiece,
4
27000
3056
์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ์ด๋ก ์€ ๋‹จ์—ฐ ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ๊ฑธ์ž‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
a theory which reveals the workings of the universe at the grandest scales,
5
30080
3976
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ธ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ž‘๋™ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜€์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์œผ๋กœ,
00:34
capturing in one beautiful line of algebra
6
34080
2376
์‚ฌ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์—์„œ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ด์œ ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
00:36
everything from why apples fall from trees to the beginning of time and space.
7
36480
4520
์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํƒ„์ƒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์„ ํ˜•๋Œ€์ˆ˜ํ•™์— ๋‹ด์•„๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
00:41
1915 must have been an exciting year to be a physicist.
8
41720
3096
1915๋…„์€ ๋ถ„๋ช… ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ด์˜€์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
Two new ideas were turning the subject on its head.
9
44840
3496
๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์นต ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด ๋†“์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
00:48
One was Einstein's theory of relativity,
10
48360
2336
ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ์ด๋ก ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:50
the other was arguably even more revolutionary:
11
50720
3176
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์—ฐ์ฝ” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜
00:53
quantum mechanics,
12
53920
1456
์–‘์ž์—ญํ•™์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
a mind-meltingly strange yet stunningly successful new way
13
55400
3536
๋†€๋ž„๋งŒํผ ๋…ํŠนํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
00:58
of understanding the microworld, the world of atoms and particles.
14
58960
4280
์›์ž์™€ ์ž…์ž์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ธ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:03
Over the last century, these two ideas have utterly transformed
15
63920
3656
์ง€๋‚œ 100๋…„๊ฐ„, ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง€์‹์€
01:07
our understanding of the universe.
16
67600
1736
์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
It's thanks to relativity and quantum mechanics
17
69360
2336
์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์–‘์ž์—ญํ•™ ๋•๋ถ„์—
01:11
that we've learned what the universe is made from,
18
71720
2336
์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋Š”์ง€, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€,
01:14
how it began and how it continues to evolve.
19
74080
2519
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
A hundred years on, we now find ourselves at another turning point in physics,
20
77360
4296
์ด์ œ 100๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „ํ™˜์ ์— ์„œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
but what's at stake now is rather different.
21
81680
2480
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ์—” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
The next few years may tell us whether we'll be able
22
84840
2456
์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋ช‡ ๋…„์€
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋” ์•Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:27
to continue to increase our understanding of nature,
23
87320
2856
01:30
or whether maybe for the first time in the history of science,
24
90200
3416
๊ณผํ•™ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ,
01:33
we could be facing questions that we cannot answer,
25
93640
3936
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:37
not because we don't have the brains or technology,
26
97600
2576
๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๋ฒ•์น™์ด ๋ง‰๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„
01:40
but because the laws of physics themselves forbid it.
27
100200
3240
๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
This is the essential problem: the universe is far, far too interesting.
28
104560
4576
๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
Relativity and quantum mechanics appear to suggest
29
109160
2656
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์–‘์ž์—ญํ•™์€
01:51
that the universe should be a boring place.
30
111840
2296
์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฃจํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
It should be dark, lethal and lifeless.
31
114160
2896
์–ด๋‘ก๊ณ  ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
01:57
But when we look around us, we see we live in a universe full of interesting stuff,
32
117080
3936
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„, ํ–‰์„ฑ, ๋‚˜๋ฌด, ๋‹ค๋žŒ์ฅ๊ฐ™์€
02:01
full of stars, planets, trees, squirrels.
33
121040
3056
ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:04
The question is, ultimately,
34
124120
1496
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ์Œ์€,
02:05
why does all this interesting stuff exist?
35
125640
3296
์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
02:08
Why is there something rather than nothing?
36
128960
3080
์™œ ๋ฌด(็„ก)๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์œ (ๆœ‰)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
02:13
This contradiction is the most pressing problem in fundamental physics,
37
133080
3496
์ด ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
and in the next few years, we may find out whether we'll ever be able to solve it.
38
136600
4720
์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜์›ํžˆ ํ’€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„์ง€ ์•„๋‹์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
02:23
At the heart of this problem are two numbers,
39
143080
3096
์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—๋Š” ์ˆซ์ž ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
two extremely dangerous numbers.
40
146200
2496
์•„์ฃผ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ˆซ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
These are properties of the universe that we can measure,
41
148720
2696
์ด ์ˆซ์ž๋“ค์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ธก์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์ธ๋ฐ
02:31
and they're extremely dangerous
42
151440
1536
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋‹ฌ๋ž๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:33
because if they were different, even by a tiny bit,
43
153000
2416
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š”
02:35
then the universe as we know it would not exist.
44
155440
2720
์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
The first of these numbers is associated with the discovery that was made
45
158720
3456
์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” ์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ช‡ km๋ฐ–์— ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€
02:42
a few kilometers from this hall, at CERN, home of this machine,
46
162200
2976
CERN์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
the largest scientific device ever built by the human race,
47
165200
3056
์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ณผํ•™์žฅ๋น„ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ
02:48
the Large Hadron Collider.
48
168280
1856
๊ฐ•์ž…์ž์ถฉ๋Œ๊ธฐ(LHC)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
02:50
The LHC whizzes subatomic particles around a 27-kilometer ring,
49
170160
3976
LHC๋Š” ์•„์›์ž ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ 27km์˜ ์›ํ˜•ํ„ฐ๋„์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
02:54
getting them closer and closer to the speed of light
50
174160
2456
์ ์ฐจ ๊ด‘์†์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋’ค์—
02:56
before smashing them into each other inside gigantic particle detectors.
51
176640
4656
๋Œ€ํ˜• ์ž…์ž๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ์„œ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋Œ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
On July 4, 2012, physicists at CERN announced to the world
52
181320
4496
2012๋…„ 7์›” 4์ผ์— CERN์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
03:05
that they'd spotted a new fundamental particle
53
185840
2536
LHC์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ์ถฉ๋Œ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
03:08
being created at the violent collisions at the LHC: the Higgs boson.
54
188400
4360
์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํž‰์Šค ์ž…์ž์˜€์ฃ .
03:13
Now, if you followed the news at the time,
55
193440
2056
๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์— ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:15
you'll have seen a lot of physicists getting very excited indeed,
56
195520
3056
๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ํฅ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
and you'd be forgiven for thinking
57
198600
1656
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
03:20
we get that way every time we discover a new particle.
58
200280
2536
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์…”๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.
03:22
Well, that is kind of true,
59
202840
1336
์–ด๋Š์ •๋„ ๋งž๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
03:24
but the Higgs boson is particularly special.
60
204200
2696
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ํž‰์Šค ์ž…์ž๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
We all got so excited because finding the Higgs
61
206920
2456
ํž‰์Šค ์ž…์ž์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์žฅ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ
03:29
proves the existence of a cosmic energy field.
62
209400
3336
์ฆ๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ž€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํฅ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
Now, you may have trouble imagining an energy field,
63
212760
2616
์—๋„ˆ์ง€์žฅ์„ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์— ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ํž˜๋“œ์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
03:35
but we've all experienced one.
64
215400
1429
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋Š๊ปด๋ณธ ์  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
If you've ever held a magnet close to a piece of metal
65
216853
2536
๊ธˆ์† ์กฐ๊ฐ์— ์ž์„์„ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ
03:39
and felt a force pulling across that gap,
66
219413
2123
๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋„ˆ๋จธ์—์„œ ๋‹น๊ธฐ๋Š” ํž˜์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:41
then you've felt the effect of a field.
67
221560
1858
์—๋„ˆ์ง€์žฅ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋Š๊ปด๋ณด์‹  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
And the Higgs field is a little bit like a magnetic field,
68
223442
3374
ํž‰์Šค ์žฅ์€ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ๊ณผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
except it has a constant value everywhere.
69
226840
2816
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์— ์ƒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ๋นผ๊ณ ์š”.
03:49
It's all around us right now.
70
229680
1456
ํž‰์Šค ์žฅ์€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์–ด๋””๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
We can't see it or touch it,
71
231160
1736
๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งŒ์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
03:52
but if it wasn't there,
72
232920
1216
๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
we would not exist.
73
234160
1440
03:56
The Higgs field gives mass
74
236200
1776
ํž‰์Šค ์žฅ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”
03:58
to the fundamental particles that we're made from.
75
238000
2376
๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ž…์ž์— ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
If it wasn't there, those particles would have no mass,
76
240400
2616
ํž‰์Šค ์žฅ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์€ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ณ 
04:03
and no atoms could form and there would be no us.
77
243040
2680
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์›์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ 
04:06
But there is something deeply mysterious about the Higgs field.
78
246880
4456
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํž‰์Šค ์žฅ์—๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ ๋น„๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
Relativity and quantum mechanics tell us that it has two natural settings,
79
251360
3696
์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์–‘์ž์—ญํ•™์€ ํž‰์Šค ์žฅ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž์—ฐ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
a bit like a light switch.
80
255080
1656
๋งˆ์น˜ ์ „๋“ฑ ์Šค์œ„์น˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:16
It should either be off,
81
256760
1376
๊บผ์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
04:18
so that it has a zero value everywhere in space,
82
258160
2656
์šฐ์ฃผ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋‚˜ 0์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ ,
04:20
or it should be on so it has an absolutely enormous value.
83
260840
3360
์ผœ์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด, ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
In both of these scenarios, atoms could not exist,
84
264840
2736
๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์›์ž๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
and therefore all the other interesting stuff
85
267600
2136
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š”
04:29
that we see around us in the universe would not exist.
86
269760
2639
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:33
In reality, the Higgs field is just slightly on,
87
273000
3616
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ํž‰์Šค ์žฅ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„๋งŒ ์ผœ์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
not zero but 10,000 trillion times weaker than its fully on value,
88
276640
5056
0์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ’์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค 1๊ฒฝ ๋ฐฐ ๋” ์•ฝํ•ด์š”.
04:41
a bit like a light switch that's got stuck just before the off position.
89
281720
4120
์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ผ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
And this value is crucial.
90
286480
1616
์ด ๊ฐ’์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
If it were a tiny bit different,
91
288120
1856
์•ฝ๊ฐ„๋งŒ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋‹ฌ๋ž๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:50
then there would be no physical structure in the universe.
92
290000
3656
์šฐ์ฃผ์—๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
So this is the first of our dangerous numbers,
93
293680
2176
์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ˆซ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
the strength of the Higgs field.
94
295880
2056
๋ฐ”๋กœ ํž‰์Šค ์žฅ์˜ ํž˜์ด์ฃ .
04:57
Theorists have spent decades trying to understand
95
297960
2736
์ด๋ก  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋…„๊ฐ„ ํž‰์Šค์žฅ์ด ์™œ ์ดํ† ๋ก ๋…ํŠนํ•˜๊ณ 
05:00
why it has this very peculiarly fine-tuned number,
96
300720
2656
์ •๊ตํ•œ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๋์—
05:03
and they've come up with a number of possible explanations.
97
303400
2816
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
They have sexy-sounding names like "supersymmetry"
98
306240
2936
"์ดˆ๋Œ€์นญ์„ฑ"์ด๋‚˜ "๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ์—ฌ๋ถ„์ฐจ์›"๊ฐ™์ด
05:09
or "large extra dimensions."
99
309200
1936
๊ทธ๋Ÿด๋“ฏํ•œ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:11
I'm not going to go into the details of these ideas now,
100
311160
2776
์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์•„๋””์ด์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง„ ๋ชปํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
05:13
but the key point is this:
101
313960
2376
์š”์ ์€ ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
if any of them explained this weirdly fine-tuned value of the Higgs field,
102
316360
3856
๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ์ด ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •๊ตํ•œ ํž‰์Šค ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:20
then we should see new particles being created at the LHC
103
320240
3736
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” LHC์—์„œ ํž‰์Šค ์ž…์ž์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ƒˆ ์ž…์ž๋“ค๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑธ
05:24
along with the Higgs boson.
104
324000
1976
๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
So far, though, we've not seen any sign of them.
105
326000
2960
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌํƒœ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ๋ชป ๋ดค์–ด์š”.
05:29
But there's actually an even worse example
106
329960
2056
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ˆซ์ž์˜
05:32
of this kind of fine-tuning of a dangerous number,
107
332040
2376
์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •๊ตํ•œ ์งœ์ž„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋” ์•ˆ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
and this time it comes from the other end of the scale,
108
334440
2616
์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์ €์šธ์˜ ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
from studying the universe at vast distances.
109
337080
2856
์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋จผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ์š”.
05:39
One of the most important consequences of Einstein's general theory of relativity
110
339960
4336
์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
05:44
was the discovery that the universe began as a rapid expansion of space and time
111
344320
4416
์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
13.8 billion years ago, the Big Bang.
112
348760
3776
๋ฐ”๋กœ 138์–ต๋…„์ „์˜ ๋น…๋ฑ…์ด์ฃ .
05:52
Now, according to early versions of the Big Bang theory,
113
352560
2656
๋น…๋ฑ…์ด๋ก ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
05:55
the universe has been expanding ever since
114
355240
2176
๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š”
05:57
with gravity gradually putting the brakes on that expansion.
115
357440
4056
์ค‘๋ ฅ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ ์ฐจ ๋Š๋ ค์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
But in 1998, astronomers made the stunning discovery
116
361520
3336
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 1998๋…„์— ์šฐ์ฃผ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์ด ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
06:04
that the expansion of the universe is actually speeding up.
117
364880
2816
๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
The universe is getting bigger and bigger faster and faster
118
367720
3136
์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ์•”ํ‘์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ ๋น„๋กœ์šด ์ฒ™๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด
06:10
driven by a mysterious repulsive force called dark energy.
119
370880
3840
์ ์  ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
Now, whenever you hear the word "dark" in physics,
120
375280
2416
๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์—์„œ "์•”ํ‘"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
06:17
you should get very suspicious
121
377720
1496
๋งŽ์€ ์˜์‹ฌ์„ ํ•˜์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
because it probably means we don't know what we're talking about.
122
379240
3056
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ผ ๊ฑฐ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
06:22
(Laughter)
123
382320
1016
(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:23
We don't know what dark energy is,
124
383360
2016
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•”ํ‘์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
06:25
but the best idea is that it's the energy of empty space itself,
125
385400
4736
๋นˆ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์ด ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
the energy of the vacuum.
126
390160
2216
์ง„๊ณต์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ฃ .
06:32
Now, if you use good old quantum mechanics to work out
127
392400
2536
์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์–‘์ž์—ญํ•™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
06:34
how strong dark energy should be,
128
394960
1616
์•”ํ‘์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ์ง€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด
06:36
you get an absolutely astonishing result.
129
396600
3216
๋งค์šฐ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
You find that dark energy
130
399840
1856
์•”ํ‘์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€
06:41
should be 10 to the power of 120 times stronger
131
401720
3976
์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์—์„œ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์˜ 10์˜ 120์Šน๋งŒํผ
06:45
than the value we observe from astronomy.
132
405720
2816
๋” ์ปค์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
06:48
That's one with 120 zeroes after it.
133
408560
4816
0์ด 120๊ฐœ ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
This is a number so mind-bogglingly huge
134
413400
2576
์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ์•ˆ ๋  ๋งŒํผ ์ปค์„œ
06:56
that it's impossible to get your head around.
135
416000
2216
๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๋Š” ์ˆซ์ž์ฃ .
06:58
We often use the word "astronomical" when we're talking about big numbers.
136
418240
3496
ํฐ ์ˆซ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ "์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ " ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์“ธ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
07:01
Well, even that one won't do here.
137
421760
1656
์ด๊ฑด ๊ทธ๊ฑธ๋กœ๋„ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
This number is bigger than any number in astronomy.
138
423440
2416
์ด ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ์ˆซ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
It's a thousand trillion trillion trillion times bigger
139
425880
3096
์ „ ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค
07:09
than the number of atoms in the entire universe.
140
429000
2640
๋ฐฑ์กฐx๋ฐฑ์กฐx๋ฐฑ์กฐ ๋ฐฐ ๋” ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
So that's a pretty bad prediction.
141
432440
1816
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธก์น˜์ฃ .
07:14
In fact, it's been called the worst prediction in physics,
142
434280
2715
์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์—์„œ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก์น˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ ค์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
and this is more than just a theoretical curiosity.
143
437019
3277
์ด๊ฑด ์ด๋ก ์  ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
If dark energy were anywhere near this strong,
144
440320
2736
์•”ํ‘์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:23
then the universe would have been torn apart,
145
443080
2136
์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ถ„์—ด๋์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
stars and galaxies could not form, and we would not be here.
146
445240
3320
๋ณ„๊ณผ ์šดํ•˜๋„ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
07:29
So this is the second of those dangerous numbers,
147
449240
2336
์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ˆซ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
the strength of dark energy,
148
451600
1376
์•”ํ‘์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ํž˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
07:33
and explaining it requires an even more fantastic level of fine-tuning
149
453000
3936
์ด ํž˜์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ํž‰์Šค ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ดค๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜
07:36
than we saw for the Higgs field.
150
456960
1524
์ •๊ตํ•œ ์กฐ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
But unlike the Higgs field, this number has no known explanation.
151
458840
4600
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํž‰์Šค ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์ด ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
The hope was that a complete combination
152
465000
2456
๊ฑฐ์‹œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์ธ ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ์ด๋ก ์ด
07:47
of Einstein's general theory of relativity,
153
467480
2216
07:49
which is the theory of the universe at grand scales,
154
469720
2576
๋ฏธ์‹œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์ธ ์–‘์ž์—ญํ•™๊ณผ ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
07:52
with quantum mechanics, the theory of the universe at small scales,
155
472320
3456
ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋žฌ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
might provide a solution.
156
475800
1856
07:57
Einstein himself spent most of his later years
157
477680
2456
์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ๋„ ๋ง๋…„์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ํ—ˆ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
08:00
on a futile search for a unified theory of physics,
158
480160
3176
๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ํ†ต์ผ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:03
and physicists have kept at it ever since.
159
483360
3376
๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
One of the most promising candidates for a unified theory is string theory,
160
486760
4136
๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ ฅํ•œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ด๋ก ์˜ ํ›„๋ณด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋ˆ์ด๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
and the essential idea is,
161
490920
1296
๊ทธ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€
08:12
if you could zoom in on the fundamental particles that make up our world,
162
492240
3496
์˜จ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด
08:15
you'd see actually that they're not particles at all,
163
495760
2656
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์• ์ดˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ
08:18
but tiny vibrating strings of energy,
164
498440
2616
์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ง„๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
08:21
with each frequency of vibration corresponding to a different particle,
165
501080
4336
์ง„๋™ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž…์ž๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
a bit like musical notes on a guitar string.
166
505440
2560
๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ค„๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์Œ์„ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:28
So it's a rather elegant, almost poetic way of looking at the world,
167
508680
3376
์ด ์ด๋ก ์€ ์šฐ์•„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด์ง€๋งŒ
08:32
but it has one catastrophic problem.
168
512080
3456
์žฌ์•™์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
It turns out that string theory isn't one theory at all,
169
515560
2896
์ดˆ๋ˆ์ด๋ก ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ด๋ก ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:38
but a whole collection of theories.
170
518480
2296
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
It's been estimated, in fact,
171
520800
1416
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ดˆ๋ˆ์ด๋ก ์—๋Š”
08:42
that there are 10 to the 500 different versions of string theory.
172
522240
3936
10์˜ 500์ œ๊ณฑ ๊ฐœ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ค๋ช…์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
Each one would describe a different universe
173
526200
2376
๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ด๋ก ์œผ๋กœ
08:48
with different laws of physics.
174
528600
2136
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
Now, critics say this makes string theory unscientific.
175
530760
2616
์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ดˆ๋ˆ์ด๋ก ์ด ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
You can't disprove the theory.
176
533400
1936
์ด ์ด๋ก ์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ž…์ฆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:55
But others actually turned this on its head
177
535360
2000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•ด์„œ
08:57
and said, well, maybe this apparent failure
178
537384
2272
๊ทธ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์‹คํŒจ๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋ˆ์ด๋ก ์˜
08:59
is string theory's greatest triumph.
179
539680
2336
๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
What if all of these 10 to the 500 different possible universes
180
542040
3376
10์˜ 500์ œ๊ณฑ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋“ค์ด
09:05
actually exist out there somewhere
181
545440
2216
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ € ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ
09:07
in some grand multiverse?
182
547680
2120
๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ค‘์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
09:10
Suddenly we can understand
183
550440
1696
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋‘ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ˆซ์ž๋“ค์˜
09:12
the weirdly fine-tuned values of these two dangerous numbers.
184
552160
3576
์ด์ƒํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์น˜ ์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ •๋œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
In most of the multiverse,
185
555760
1296
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋Š”
09:17
dark energy is so strong that the universe gets torn apart,
186
557080
2976
์•”ํ‘์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์—ด๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
09:20
or the Higgs field is so weak that no atoms can form.
187
560080
3336
ํž‰์Šค ์žฅ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ•ด์„œ ์›์ž๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
We live in one of the places in the multiverse
188
563440
2176
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ค‘์šฐ์ฃผ ์†์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๋‘ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งž์•„๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ณณ ์ค‘
09:25
where the two numbers are just right.
189
565640
2376
ํ•˜๋‚˜์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
We live in a Goldilocks universe.
190
568040
2360
์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ณจ๋””๋ฝ์Šค ์˜์—ญ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
09:31
Now, this idea is extremely controversial, and it's easy to see why.
191
571640
4856
์ด ์ด๋ก ์€ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ๋งŽ์€๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
If we follow this line of thinking,
192
576520
1896
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ณ„์† ํ•˜๋ฉด
09:38
then we will never be able to answer the question,
193
578440
2376
ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์˜์›ํžˆ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
"Why is there something rather than nothing?"
194
580840
2456
"์™œ ๋น„์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€"ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:43
In most of the multiverse, there is nothing,
195
583320
2176
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์šฐ์ฃผ์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
and we live in one of the few places
196
585520
1816
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์น™์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
09:47
where the laws of physics allow there to be something.
197
587360
3000
์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
Even worse, we can't test the idea of the multiverse.
198
591360
3136
๋” ๋‚˜์œ๊ฑด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ค‘์šฐ์ฃผ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
We can't access these other universes,
199
594520
2136
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋“ค์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
so there's no way of knowing whether they're there or not.
200
596680
3240
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
So we're in an extremely frustrating position.
201
601640
3336
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ขŒ์ ˆ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ƒํƒœ์— ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:05
That doesn't mean the multiverse doesn't exist.
202
605000
2696
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹ค์ค‘์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
There are other planets, other stars, other galaxies,
203
607720
2576
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰์„ฑ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ณ„๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์€ํ•˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
10:10
so why not other universes?
204
610320
2176
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ž€ ๋ฒ•์€ ์—†์ฃ .
10:12
The problem is, it's unlikely we'll ever know for sure.
205
612520
3360
๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์˜์›ํ† ๋ก ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์•Œ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
Now, the idea of the multiverse has been around for a while,
206
616720
3336
๋‹ค์ค‘์šฐ์ฃผ ์ด๋ก ์€ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
but in the last few years, we've started to get the first solid hints
207
620080
3256
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋…„์— ์™€์„œ์•ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ถ”๋ก ์ด
10:23
that this line of reasoning may get born out.
208
623360
2760
์ฆ๋ช…๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
Despite high hopes for the first run of the LHC,
209
627280
3376
LHC์˜ ์ฒซ ๊ฐ€๋™ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋˜ ๋†’์€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
10:30
what we were looking for there --
210
630680
1572
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑธ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
we were looking for new theories of physics:
211
632276
2060
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
supersymmetry or large extra dimensions
212
634360
1896
์ดˆ๋Œ€์นญ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€์—ฌ๋ถ„ ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ
10:36
that could explain this weirdly fine-tuned value of the Higgs field.
213
636280
4216
์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ •๊ตํ•œ ํž‰์Šค ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
But despite high hopes, the LHC revealed a barren subatomic wilderness
214
640520
4216
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ผ์›์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  LHC๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์€
์™ธ๋กœ์šด ํž‰์Šค ์ž…์ž๋งŒ ํ˜ผ์ž ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™ฉ๋Ÿ‰ํ•œ ์•„์›์ž ํ™ฉ๋ฌด์ง€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
populated only by a lonely Higgs boson.
215
644760
2680
10:48
My experiment published paper after paper
216
648680
2336
์ œ ์‹คํ—˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€
10:51
where we glumly had to conclude that we saw no signs of new physics.
217
651040
4480
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ์ง•ํ›„๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์šฐ์šธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
The stakes now could not be higher.
218
656400
2656
ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
This summer, the LHC began its second phase of operation
219
659080
2896
์˜ฌ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„, LHC์˜ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š”
11:02
with an energy almost double what we achieved in the first run.
220
662000
3256
์ฒซ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ 2๋ฐฐ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
What particle physicists are all desperately hoping for
221
665280
2656
์ž…์ž๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ ˆ์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
11:07
are signs of new particles, micro black holes,
222
667960
2776
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž…์ž์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์™€, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€,
11:10
or maybe something totally unexpected
223
670760
2096
ํ˜น์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
11:12
emerging from the violent collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.
224
672880
3616
LHC์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ์ถฉ๋Œ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
If so, then we can continue this long journey
225
676520
2336
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 100๋…„ ์ „
11:18
that began 100 years ago with Albert Einstein
226
678880
2576
์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ๋” ๊นŠ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ๋˜
11:21
towards an ever deeper understanding of the laws of nature.
227
681480
3520
์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ธด ์—ฌ์ •์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
But if, in two or three years' time,
228
685760
2016
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 2-3๋…„ ๋‚ด์—
11:27
when the LHC switches off again for a second long shutdown,
229
687800
3336
๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ LHC์˜ ์ „์›์„ ๊บผ๋‘” ๋™์•ˆ์—
11:31
we've found nothing but the Higgs boson,
230
691160
2296
ํž‰์Šค ์ž…์ž๋ฐ–์— ์ฐพ์€ ๊ฒŒ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:33
then we may be entering a new era in physics:
231
693480
3816
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
an era where there are weird features of the universe that we cannot explain;
232
697320
4776
๊ทธ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์ด๊ณ ,
11:42
an era where we have hints that we live in a multiverse
233
702120
3056
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ค‘์šฐ์ฃผ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€
11:45
that lies frustratingly forever beyond our reach;
234
705200
3776
์˜์›ํžˆ ๋‹ฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
an era where we will never be able to answer the question,
235
709000
3256
"์™œ ๋น„์–ด์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ฃ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€"๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—
11:52
"Why is there something rather than nothing?"
236
712280
3056
์˜์›ํžˆ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
Thank you.
237
715360
1216
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
(Applause)
238
716600
6416
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:03
Bruno Giussani: Harry, even if you just said
239
723040
3056
๋ธŒ๋ฃจ๋…ธ ์ง€์šฐ์‚ฌ๋‹ˆ(BG): ํด๋ฆฌํ”„ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜, ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ
12:06
the science may not have some answers,
240
726120
1856
๊ณผํ•™์ด ๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ์ง€๋งŒ
12:08
I would like to ask you a couple of questions, and the first is:
241
728000
3016
๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€..
12:11
building something like the LHC is a generational project.
242
731040
3016
LHC๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑธ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ช‡ ์„ธ๋Œ€์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์ž–์•„์š”.
12:14
I just mentioned, introducing you, that we live in a short-term world.
243
734080
4296
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
12:18
How do you think so long term,
244
738400
2856
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ
12:21
projecting yourself out a generation when building something like this?
245
741280
3336
ํ•œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด ๋‚ด๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
12:24
Harry Cliff: I was very lucky
246
744640
1416
HC: 2008๋…„์— LHC์—์„œ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์— ์šด ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
12:26
that I joined the experiment I work on at the LHC in 2008,
247
746080
2816
12:28
just as we were switching on,
248
748920
1381
๊ฐ€๋™์„ ๋ง‰ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ์˜€์ฃ .
12:30
and there are people in my research group who have been working on it
249
750325
3251
์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์—๋Š” 30๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์ด ์ผ์— ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์˜จ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
for three decades, their entire careers on one machine.
250
753600
2616
์ผ์ƒ์„ ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์—๋งŒ ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
LHC์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ฑด 1976๋…„์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
So I think the first conversations about the LHC were in 1976,
251
756240
3176
12:39
and you start planning the machine without the technology
252
759440
2696
๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง“๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ
๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
12:42
that you know you're going to need to be able to build it.
253
762160
2416
12:44
So the computing power did not exist in the early '90s
254
764600
2536
์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ 90๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์— ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ๋ ฅ์€
12:47
when design work began in earnest.
255
767160
1620
์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
One of the big detectors which record these collisions,
256
768804
2216
์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”,
12:51
they didn't think there was technology
257
771044
1852
LHC์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์„ ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
12:52
that could withstand the radiation that would be created in the LHC,
258
772920
2856
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
so there was basically a lump of lead in the middle of this object
259
775800
2736
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์— ๋‚ฉ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋†“๊ณ 
12:58
with some detectors around the outside,
260
778560
1576
๊ทธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์— ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‘์—ˆ์ฃ .
13:00
but subsequently we have developed technology.
261
780160
1896
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ ์ฐจ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
So you have to rely on people's ingenuity, that they will solve the problems,
262
782080
3336
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์— ์˜์กดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์ฃผ์ฃ .
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ 10๋…„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:05
but it may be a decade or more down the line.
263
785440
1856
13:07
BG: China just announced two or three weeks ago
264
787320
2216
BG: ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด 2-3์ฃผ ์ „ ์ฏค์—
13:09
that they intend to build
265
789560
1456
LHC๋ณด๋‹ค 2๋ฐฐ ํฐ
13:11
a supercollider twice the size of the LHC.
266
791040
2976
์ถฉ๋Œ๊ธฐ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
I was wondering how you and your colleagues welcome the news.
267
794040
3616
๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜๊ณผ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์€ ์ด ์†Œ์‹์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
HC: Size isn't everything, Bruno. BG: I'm sure. I'm sure.
268
797680
2736
HC: ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ถ€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”. BG: ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒ ์ฃ .
13:20
(Laughter)
269
800440
1776
(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:22
It sounds funny for a particle physicist to say that.
270
802240
2096
์ž…์ž ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์›ƒ๊ธฐ๋„ค์š”.
13:24
But I mean, seriously, it's great news.
271
804360
2336
๊ทผ๋ฐ ์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์†Œ์‹์ด์ž–์•„์š”.
13:26
So building a machine like the LHC
272
806720
2496
LHC๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋ ค๋ฉด
13:29
requires countries from all over the world to pool their resources.
273
809240
2776
์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ž์›์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
No one nation can afford to build a machine this large,
274
812040
2336
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฐ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์—ฌ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
apart from maybe China,
275
814400
1216
์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
13:35
because they can mobilize huge amounts of resources,
276
815640
2216
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ๊ณผ
13:37
manpower and money to build machines like this.
277
817880
2056
์ž๋ณธ๊ณผ ์ž์›์„ ๋™์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
13:39
So it's only a good thing.
278
819960
1256
์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
What they're really planning to do is to build a machine
279
821240
2336
์ค‘๊ตญ์ด ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ํž‰์Šค ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
13:43
that will study the Higgs boson in detail and could give us some clues
280
823600
2736
์ดˆ๋Œ€์นญ์„ฑ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ด๋ก ์ด ์ •๋ง ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ
13:46
as to whether these new ideas, like supersymmetry, are really out there,
281
826360
2936
์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ž–์•„์š”.
13:49
so it's great news for physics, I think.
282
829320
1905
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
13:51
BG: Harry, thank you. HC: Thank you very much.
283
831249
2176
HG: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํด๋ฆฌํ”„ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜. HC: ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
(Applause)
284
833449
3191
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7