Sara Lewis: The loves and lies of fireflies

69,215 views ใƒป 2014-07-01

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Kevin Jin ๊ฒ€ํ† : Gemma Lee
00:12
As a scientist, and also as a human being,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ
00:16
I've been trying to make myself
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๊ฒฝ์ด๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์—
00:18
susceptible to wonder.
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๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•ด์ง€๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
I think Jason Webley last night called it
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์–ด์ œ ์ €๋…์—๋Š” ์ œ์ด์Šจ ์›จ๋ธ”๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
00:24
"conspiring to be part of the magic."
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์ด๋ฅผ '๋งˆ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๋ชจํ•œ' ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋˜๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ตฐ์š”.
00:28
So it's fortunate that my career as a biologist
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์ €๋Š” ์šด ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์ง์—…์œผ๋กœ
00:31
lets me dive deeply into the lives
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
00:33
of some truly wondrous creatures
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ด๋กœ์šด ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์˜ ์‚ถ์—
00:36
that share our planet:
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๊นŠ์ด ๋น ์ ธ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
fireflies.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ '๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
Now, for many of you, I know that fireflies
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์ž, ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด
00:42
might conjure up some really great memories:
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๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
childhood, summertime,
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์‹œ์ ˆ, ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ ,
00:48
even other TED Talks.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ TED Talk ๊นŒ์ง€๋„์š”.
00:50
Maybe something like this.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
00:57
My seduction into the world of fireflies
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋น ์ง„๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€
00:59
began when I was back in graduate school.
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๋Œ€ํ•™์›์— ๋Œ์•„์™”์„ ๋•Œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
One evening, I was sitting out in my backyard
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๋…ธ์Šค ์บ๋กค๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์—์„œ ์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ์ €๋…์—
01:06
in North Carolina,
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์ €๋Š” ๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
and suddenly, these silent sparks
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ด ์กฐ์šฉํ•œ ๋ถˆ๊ฝƒ๋“ค์ด
01:13
rose up all around me,
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๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์ œ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ŒŒ๊ณ ,
01:15
and I began to wonder:
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์ €๋Š” ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
How do these creatures make light,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋น›์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ๊นŒ?
01:19
and what's with all this flashing?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ถˆ๋น›์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ• ๊นŒ?
01:21
Are they talking to one another?
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์„œ๋กœ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜?
01:23
And what happens after the lights go out?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น›์ด ๊บผ์ง„ ํ›„์—๋Š” ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๊นŒ?
01:26
I've been lucky enough to answer
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์ €๋Š” ์šด์ด ์ข‹๊ฒŒ
01:27
some of these questions
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์•ผํ–‰์„ฑ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
01:29
as I've explored this nocturnal world.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
Now if you've ever seen
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์ž, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์„
01:35
or even heard about fireflies,
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๋ณด์…จ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:37
then you'll know how magically they can transform
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๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‹ ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ
01:40
our everyday landscape into something
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์ผ์ƒ์˜ ํ’๊ฒฝ์„
01:42
ethereal and otherworldly,
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์ฒœ์ƒ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋‚˜ ๋ณ„์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
and this happens around the globe,
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์ด๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
01:46
like this hillside in the Smoky Mountains
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ์Šค๋ชจํ‚ค๋งˆ์šดํ‹ด ์‚ฐ๋น„ํƒˆ์€
01:48
that I saw transformed into a living cascade of light
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ํŒŒ๋ž€ ์œ ๋ น ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์˜ ์œผ์Šค์Šคํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋น›์œผ๋กœ
01:52
by the eerie glows of these blue ghost fireflies,
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์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ํญํฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ ,
01:56
or a roadside river that I visited in Japan
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์ผ๋ณธ ๊ธธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฐ•์—์„œ
01:59
as it was giving birth to the slow, floating flashes
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๊ฒ์ง€ ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์ด ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
02:04
of these Genji fireflies,
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๋ถˆ๋น›์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
02:06
or in Malaysia, the mangrove trees
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๋ง๋ ˆ์ด์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ๋งน๊ทธ๋กœ๋ธŒ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด
02:09
that I watched blossom nightly
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๋ฐค๋งˆ๋‹ค
02:11
not with flowers
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๊ฝƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:13
but with the lights of a thousand โ€” (Bleep! Bleep!) โ€” fireflies,
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๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋น›์œผ๋กœ (๊นœ๋ฐ•! ๊นœ๋ฐ•!) ํ”ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
02:15
all blinking together
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊นœ๋นก๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:17
in stunning synchrony.
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๋†€๋ผ์šธ๋งŒํผ ๋™์‹œ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
These luminous landscapes
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•ผ๊ด‘ ํ’๊ฒฝ๋“ค์€
02:22
still fill me with wonder,
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํƒ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
02:24
and they keep me connected to the magic
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ž์—ฐ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋งˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ €์˜
02:27
of the natural world.
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ์ง€์†ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
And I find it amazing that they're created
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์„
02:31
by these tiny insects.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์€ ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
In person, fireflies are charming.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์€ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:37
They're charismatic.
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์นด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
They've been celebrated in art
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๋ช‡ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ
02:41
and in poetry for centuries.
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์‹œ์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์„ ์ฐฌ๋ฏธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
As I've traveled around the world,
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์ €๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,
02:44
I've met many thoughtful people
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์‹ ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ–ฅ์œ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:47
who have told me that God put fireflies on Earth
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๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š”
02:49
for humans to enjoy.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ ค๊นŠ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
Other creatures can enjoy them too.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋„ ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์„ ํ–ฅ์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
I think these graceful insects are truly miraculous
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์ด ์šฐ์•„ํ•œ ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ
02:58
because they so beautifully illuminate
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง„ํ™”์˜ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์  ์ฆ‰ํฅ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ
03:02
the creative improvisation of evolution.
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์•„์ฃผ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ฒŒ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
They've been shaped by two powerful
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๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ง„ํ™”์ ์ธ ํž˜์œผ๋กœ
03:08
evolutionary forces:
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๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
natural selection, the struggle for survival,
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์ƒ์กด์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํˆฌ์Ÿ์ธ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ
03:13
and sexual selection,
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๋ฒˆ์‹์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํˆฌ์Ÿ์ธ
03:16
the struggle for reproductive opportunity.
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์ž์›…์„ ํƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
As a firefly junkie, the past 20 years
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๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ๊ด‘์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ์ง€๋‚œ 20๋…„์€
03:22
have been quite an exciting ride.
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์•„์ฃผ ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋‚œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
Together with my students at Tufts University
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ํ„ฐํ”„์ธ  ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ
03:27
and other colleagues,
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๋™๋ฃŒ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜,
03:28
we've made lots of new discoveries about fireflies:
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๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
their courtship and sex lives,
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๊ตฌ์• ์™€ ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ,
03:34
their treachery and murder.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์‹ ๊ณผ ์‚ดํ•ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
So today I'd like to share with you
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
03:38
just a couple of tales that we've brought back
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์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
03:41
from our collective adventures
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํƒํ—˜ํ•ด์„œ ์–ป์€
03:43
into this hidden world.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
Fireflies belong to a very beautiful
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๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ
03:50
and diverse group of insects, the beetles.
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๊ณค์ถฉ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ธ ๋”ฑ์ •๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์— ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
Worldwide, there are more than 2,000 firefly species,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ 2์ฒœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ข…์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:59
and these have evolved remarkably diverse
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๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์• ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ
04:01
courtship signals,
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์ง„ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ์™”๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:03
that is, different ways to find and attract mates.
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์ง์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ์œ ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
Around 150 million years ago,
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์•ฝ 1์–ต5์ฒœ๋งŒ๋…„ ์ „์—
04:08
the very first fireflies probably looked like this.
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
They flew during the daytime
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๋‚ฎ์—๋งŒ ๋‚ ์•„ ๋‹ค๋…”๊ณ 
04:13
and they didn't light up.
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๋ถˆ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
Instead, males used their fantastic antennae
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๋Œ€์‹ , ์ˆ˜์ปท์€ ์•”์ปท์ด ๋ฐœ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ
04:18
to sniff out perfumes given off by their females.
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๋งก๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
In other fireflies, it's only the females who light up.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ๋“ค์€ ์•”์ปท๋งŒ ๋ถˆ์„ ๋ฐํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
They are attractively plump and wingless,
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๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ํ†ตํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์„œ,
04:30
so every night, they climb up onto perches
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๋ฐค๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๊ณณ์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ
04:32
and they glow brightly for hours
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๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋น›์„ ๋‚ด์–ด
04:34
to attract their flying but unlit males.
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๋ถˆ๋น›์„ ๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ปท์„ ์œ ์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
In still other fireflies, both sexes
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๋˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์€ ์•”์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘
04:41
use quick, bright flashes to find their mates.
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์ง์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ถˆ๋น›์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
Here in North America,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ถ๋ฏธ์—๋Š”
04:46
we have more than 100 different kinds of firefly
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100๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์ด
04:49
that have the remarkable ability to shine energy
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์ž๊ธฐ ๋ชธ์—์„œ
04:53
out from their bodies
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๋น›์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š”
04:55
in the form of light.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
How do they do that?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
05:00
It seems totally magical,
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
05:02
but these bioluminescent signals
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์ด๋“ค ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋“ค์€
05:03
arise from carefully orchestrated chemical reactions
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๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋น›์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”
05:07
that happen inside the firefly lantern.
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๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ง๋œ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
The main star is an enzyme called luciferase,
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'๋ฃจ์‹œํŽ˜๋ผ์•„์ œ'๋ผ๋Š” ํšจ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
05:13
which in the course of evolution
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์ง„ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฃจ์‹œํŽ˜๋ฆฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”
05:14
has figured out a way to wrap its tiny arms
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๋” ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ„์ž๋ฅผ ๊ทธ ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ํŒ”๋กœ
05:18
around an even smaller molecule called luciferin,
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๊นœ์‹ธ ์•ˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ„ฐ๋“ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
05:21
in the process getting it so excited
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๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž๊ทน์‹œ์ผœ
05:24
that it actually gives off light.
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์‹ค์ œ ๋น›์„ ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
Incredible.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜์ฃ .
05:29
But how could these bright lights
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด ๋ฐ์€ ๋น›๋“ค์ด
05:31
have benefited some proto-firefly?
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์›ํ˜• ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋กœ์›€์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:35
To answer this question, we need to flip back
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์•จ๋ฒ”์„
05:37
in the family album to some baby pictures.
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๋’ค๋กœ ๋„˜๊ฒจ ์œ ์ถฉ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
Fireflies completely reinvent their bodies as they grow.
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๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ชธ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
They spend the vast majority of their lifetime,
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์ž๊ธฐ ์ƒ์• ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„
05:47
up to two years,
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์ดˆ๋Œ€ 2๋…„๊นŒ์ง€
05:49
in this larval form.
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์• ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ง€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
Their main goal here, like my teenagers,
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์• ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์ œ ์‹ญ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
05:54
is to eat and grow.
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๋จน๊ณ  ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
And firefly light first originated
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋น›์€
06:00
in these juveniles.
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์ด๋“ค ์• ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
Every single firefly larva can light up,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ ์„ฑ์ถฉ์ด ๋ถˆ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ์ง€ ๋ชปํ• ๋•Œ๋„
06:04
even when their adults can't.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ ์• ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋Š” ๋ถˆ์„ ๋ฐํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
But what's the point
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ˆˆ์— ์ž˜ ๋„๋Š”
06:08
to being so conspicuous?
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์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
06:12
Well, we know that these juveniles
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์• ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋“ค์€ ์—ญ๊ฒจ์šด ๋ง›์„ ๋‚ด๋Š”
06:14
make nasty-tasting chemicals
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ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
06:16
that help them survive their extended childhood,
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์• ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋กœ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
so we think these lights first evolved as a warning,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ถˆ๋น›์ด ์ž ์žฌ์  ํฌ์‹์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
06:23
a neon sign that says, "Toxic! Stay away!"
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"๋…์ด์•ผ!, ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ์„œ!" ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„ค์˜จ์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ฐ™์€
06:28
to any would-be predators.
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๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๋กœ์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
It took many millions of years
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ์€ ๋น›์ด ์ž ์žฌ์  ํฌ์‹์ž๋ฅผ
06:33
before these bright lights
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์น  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์ง์„
06:35
evolved into a smart communication tool
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์œ ์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ
06:37
that could be used not just to ward off potential predators
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์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€
06:40
but to bring in potential mates.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
Driven now by sexual selection,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ž์›…์„ ํƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์š•๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
06:46
some adult fireflies
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์šฐ์ญํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ปท์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
06:48
like this proud male
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์–ด๋–ค ์„ฑ์ถฉ ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์€
06:50
evolved a shiny new glow-in-the-dark lantern
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์–ด๋‘ ์†์—์„œ ๋ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋น›๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ถˆ๋น›์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ 
06:54
that would let them take courtship
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์ด๋Š” ๊ตฌ์• ํ–‰๋™์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด
06:56
to a whole new level.
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๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
These adults only live a few weeks,
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์ด ์„ฑ์ถฉ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ๋งŒ ์‚ด๊ธฐ์—
07:02
and now they're single-mindedly focused on sex,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ์—๋งŒ ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:07
that is, on propelling their genes
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์ฆ‰, ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ ์„ธ๋Œ€์—
07:09
into the next firefly generation.
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์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
07:12
So we can follow this male out into the field
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ˆ˜์ปท์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋“คํŒ์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด
07:15
as he joins hundreds of other males
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์ปท๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
07:18
who are all showing off their new courtship signals.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ตฌ์• ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ž๋ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
It's amazing to think that the luminous displays
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
07:26
we admire
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๊ฐํƒ„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ์•ผ๊ด‘์˜ ์—ฐ์ถœ์€
07:27
here and in fact everywhere around the world
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ปท ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์˜
07:30
are actually the silent love songs
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๊ณ ์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
07:34
of male fireflies.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
They're flying and flashing their hearts out.
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๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์€ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์ด ํ„ฐ์ง€๋„๋ก ๋‚ ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถˆ๋น›์„ ๋ฒˆ์ฉ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
I still find it very romantic.
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์•„์ฃผ ๋กœ๋งจํ‹ฑํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
But meanwhile, where are all the females?
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๋ชจ๋“  ์•”์ปท๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
07:48
Well, they're lounging down below
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์•”์ปท๋“ค์€ ์•„๋ž˜์— ๋Š๊ธ‹์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
07:50
surveying their options.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์„ ํƒ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์‚ดํ”ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
They have plenty of males to choose from,
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์•”์ปท๋“ค์€ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ปท๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ 
07:53
and these females turn out to be very picky.
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์•”์ปท๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
When a female sees a flash
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์•”์ปท์€ ํŠนํžˆ
08:00
from an especially attractive male,
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๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ปท์˜ ๋ถˆ๋น›์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
08:02
she'll aim her lantern in his direction,
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์ˆ˜์ปท ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋น›์„ ๊ฒจ๋ƒฅํ•˜๊ณ 
08:05
and give him a flash back.
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๋น›์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ์‹ ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
It's her "come hither" sign.
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์•”์ปท์˜ "์š”์—ผํ•œ" ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ฃ .
08:11
So he flies closer and he flashes again.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ปท์€ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋‚ ์•„์™€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ถˆ์„ ๋ฐํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
If she still likes him,
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์•”์ปท์ด ์ˆ˜์ปท์„ ๊ณ„์† ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋ฉด
08:16
they'll strike up a conversation.
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๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
These creatures speak their love
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์ด ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ
08:22
in the language of light.
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘์„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
So what exactly do these females consider sexy?
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์ž, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์•”์ปท๋“ค์€ ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์„น์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:30
We decided to conduct some firefly opinion polls
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์˜ ์—ฌ๋ก ์„
08:32
to find out.
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์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
When we tested females using blinking LED lights,
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LED ๋น›์„ ๊นœ๋ฐ•์—ฌ์„œ ์•”์ปท์„ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ
08:37
we discovered they prefer males
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๋” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ๋น›์„ ๋‚ด๋Š”
08:40
who give longer-lasting flashes.
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์ˆ˜์ปท์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:47
I know you're wondering,
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๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„.
08:49
what gives these males their sex appeal?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ด ์ˆ˜์ปท๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์  ๋งค๋ ฅ์„ ์ค„๊นŒ์š”?
08:52
Now we get to see what happens
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์ž, ๋น›์ด ๊บผ์ง€๋ฉด
08:53
when the lights go out.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์งˆ์ง€ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
The first thing we discovered
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์„  ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์ ์€
08:57
is that once a male and female hook up like this,
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์•”์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ถ™์–ด์„œ
09:00
they stay together all night long,
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๋ฐค์ƒˆ๋„๋ก ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง€๋‚ด๊ณ ,
09:03
and when we looked inside
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€
09:04
to see what might be happening,
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์•ˆ ์ชฝ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ดค๋”๋‹ˆ
09:05
we discovered a surprising new twist
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๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์˜ ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฐ–์˜
09:08
to firefly sex.
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์ „๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
While they're mating,
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์ง์ง“๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
09:11
the male is busy giving the female
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์ˆ˜์ปท์€ ์•”์ปท์—๊ฒŒ
09:13
not just his sperm
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์ •์ž ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์„ ๋ฌผ์ธ
09:15
but also a nutrient-filled package
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์˜์–‘๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ๊พธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ
09:19
called a nuptial gift.
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์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š๋ผ ๋ฐ”์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
We can zoom in to look more closely
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์ง์ง“๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์•”์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ์ชฝ์„ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด
09:25
inside this mating pair.
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๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
We can actually see the gift โ€”
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์‹ค์ œ ๊ทธ ์„ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
09:28
it's shown here in red โ€”
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
as it's being passed from the male to the female.
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์ˆ˜์ปท์—์„œ ์•”์ปท์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
What makes this gift so valuable
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์ด ์„ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
09:37
is that it's packed with protein
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•ด์„œ
09:39
that the female will use to provision her eggs.
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์•”์ปท์ด ์•Œ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์–‘๋ถ„์„ ์ค„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
So females are keeping their eyes on this prize
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•”์ปท๋“ค์€ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์ง์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ
09:47
as they size up potential mates.
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์ด ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ๊ณ„์† ์ง€์ผœ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
We discovered that females use male flash signals
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์•”์ปท๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์ปท์˜ ๋ถˆ๋น› ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ
09:52
to try to predict which males
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์–ด๋Š ์ˆ˜์ปท์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์„ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
09:54
have the biggest gifts to offer,
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์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ด ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
09:56
because this bling helps the female lay more eggs
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์ด ๋ถˆ๋น›์ด ์•”์ปท์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์•Œ์„ ๋‚ณ๊ณ 
10:01
and ultimately launch more of her own offspring
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๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๋Œ€์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ž์‹์„
10:04
into the next generation.
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๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
So it's not all sweetness and light.
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๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ  ์šฐ์•„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
Firefly romance is risky.
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๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
For the most part, these adult fireflies
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์„ฑ์ถฉ ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์€
10:16
don't get eaten because like their juveniles
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์• ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
10:19
they can manufacture toxins that are repellent
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์ƒˆ๋‚˜ ์‹์ถฉ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์ซ“์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๋…์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
10:22
to birds and other insectivores,
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์žกํ˜€ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ,
10:25
but somewhere along the line,
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์ง„ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ
10:28
one particular group of fireflies
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์˜ ํ•œ ํŠน์ • ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€
10:30
somehow lost the metabolic machinery
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์™ ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋…์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”
10:33
needed to make their own protective toxins.
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๋ฌผ์งˆ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
This evolutionary flaw,
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์ด ์ง„ํ™”์  ๊ฒฐํ•จ์€
10:39
which was discovered by my colleague Tom Eisner,
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์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ์ธ ํ†ฐ ์•„์ด์Šค๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
10:42
has driven these fireflies
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๋ฐฐ์‹ ์˜ ์˜๋„๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์ด
10:44
to take their bright lights out into the night
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๋ฐ์€ ๋น›์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ฐค์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋„๋ก
10:47
with treacherous intent.
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๋‚ด๋ชฐ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
Dubbed "femme fatales"
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฃŒ ์ง ๋กœ์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€
10:53
by Jim Lloyd, another colleague,
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'ํŒœ๋ฏ€ํŒŒํƒˆ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณ„๋ช…์„ ๋ถ™์ธ
10:55
these females have figured out how to target
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์ด ์•”์ปท์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ ์ˆ˜์ปท์„
10:58
the males of other firefly species.
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๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์‚ผ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
So the hunt begins with the predator โ€”
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์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์€ ํฌ์‹์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
11:04
she's shown here in the lower left โ€”
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์•”์ปท์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•„๋ž˜ ์™ผ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
where she's sitting quietly
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์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
11:08
and eavesdropping on the courtship conversation
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๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ์‚ผ์€ ๋จน์ž‡๊ฐ์˜
11:11
of her intended prey,
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๊ตฌ์•  ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์—ฟ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:12
and here's how it might go.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
11:14
First the prey male flashes, "Do you love me?"
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์šฐ์„  ์ˆ˜์ปท ๋จน์ž„๊ฐ์€ ๋ฐ˜์ง์ด๋ฉฐ, "๋‚˜ ์ข‹์•„?" ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
11:18
His own female responds, "Maybe."
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๊ทธ ์ง์ธ ์•”์ปท์€ "์•„๋งˆ๋„"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
So then he flashes again.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์ˆ˜์ปท์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐ˜์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
But this time, the predator sneaks in a reply
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ํฌ์‹์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด ํšŒ์‹ ์— ์‚ด์ง ๋ผ์–ด๋“ค์–ด
11:29
that cleverly mimics exactly what the other female just said.
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์˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•”์ปท์˜ ๋‹ต์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‰๋‚ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
She's not looking for love: she's looking for toxins.
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ํฌ์‹์ž๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์„ ์ฐพ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์ฃ 
11:39
If she's good, she can lure this male close enough
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ํฌ์‹์ž๊ฐ€ ๋๋‹ค ์‹ถ์œผ๋ฉด, ์ˆ˜์ปท์„ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์œ ํ˜นํ•ด์„œ
11:43
to reach out and grab him,
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๋ป—์–ด์„œ ์žก์•„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š”๋ฐ,
11:46
and he's not just a light snack.
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์ˆ˜์ปท์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ์‹์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
Over the next hour, she slowly
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ, ํฌ์‹์ž๋Š” ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ
11:51
exsanguinates this male
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์ด ์ˆ˜์ปท์˜ ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋ฝ‘์•„ ๋จน๊ณ 
11:54
leaving behind just some gory remains.
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ํ”ผํˆฌ์„ฑ์ด ์œ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
Unable to make their own toxins,
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋…์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
12:00
these females resort to drinking the blood
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์ด ์•”์ปท ํฌ์‹์ž๋Š” ๋ณดํ˜ธ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
12:03
of other fireflies to get these protective chemicals.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์˜ ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
So a firefly vampire,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํกํ˜ˆ ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์€
12:13
brought to you by natural selection.
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์ž์—ฐ์„ ํƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
We still have a lot to learn about fireflies,
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๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งŽ์ง€๋งŒ,
12:21
but it looks like many stories will remain untold,
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ฒด ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•„ํ•˜๋‹ˆ
12:24
because around the world, firefly populations
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๋งŽ์€ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ฑ„
12:26
are blinking out.
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๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
The main culprit: habitat loss.
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๊ฐœ์ฒด ์†์‹ค์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ์›์ธ์€ ์„œ์‹์ง€ ์†์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
Pretty much everywhere, the fields and forests,
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๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์ด ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ์ˆฒ,
12:34
the mangroves and meadows that fireflies need to survive,
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๋งน๊ทธ๋กœ๋ธŒ๋‚˜ ๋ชฉ์ดˆ์ง€ ๋“ฑ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณณ์ด
12:37
are giving way to development and to sprawl.
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์ฃผํƒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด๋‚˜ ๋„์‹œ ํ™•์žฅ์— ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
Here's another problem: we've conquered darkness,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐค์„ ์ •๋ณตํ–ˆ๊ณ 
12:45
but in the process, we spill so much extra light out into the night
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๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋น›์„ ๋ฐค์— ์Ÿ์•„๋‚ด์–ด
12:48
that it disrupts the lives of other creatures,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:52
and fireflies are especially sensitive to light pollution
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๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์€ ํŠนํžˆ ๋น› ๊ณตํ•ด์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ๋ฐ
12:55
because it obscures the signals
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
12:58
that they use to find their mates.
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์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
Do we really need fireflies?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
13:04
After all, they're just one tiny bit
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์—
13:06
of Earth's biodiversity.
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๊ทนํžˆ ์ผ๋ถ€์ผ ๋ฟ์ธ๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:08
Yet every time a species is lost,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
13:12
it's like extinguishing a room full of candles
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๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ์ด›๋ถˆ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ
13:14
one by one.
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๊บผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
You might not notice
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถˆ์ด ๊บผ์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
13:18
when the first few flames flicker out,
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์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜
13:22
but in the end, you're left sitting in darkness.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋‘ ์†์— ์•‰์•„์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
As we work together to craft a planetary future,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ๋˜๊ธฐ์—
13:36
I hope we can find a way
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ์€ ๋น›์„ ๊ณ„์† ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
13:38
to keep these bright lights shining.
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์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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