You have no idea where camels really come from | Latif Nasser

791,522 views ใƒป 2016-04-14

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Seon-Gyu Choi ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
So, this is a story
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š”
00:14
about how we know what we know.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•„๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
It's a story about this woman,
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
Natalia Rybczynski.
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๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ฆฌํ”„์นœ์Šคํ‚ค.
00:22
She's a paleobiologist,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ณ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
which means she specializes in digging up really old dead stuff.
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์ฆ‰, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „์— ์ฃฝ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํŒŒ๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
(Audio) Natalia Rybczynski: Yeah, I had someone call me "Dr. Dead Things."
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(์Œ์„ฑ) ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ฆฌํ”„์นœ์Šคํ‚ค: ๋„ค ์ €๋ฅผ "์ฃฝ์€ ๊ฒƒ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ด์š”.
00:32
Latif Nasser: And I think she's particularly interesting
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๋ผํ‹ฐํ”„ ๋‚˜์‚ฌ: ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๊ฐ”๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
00:35
because of where she digs that stuff up,
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ํŒŒ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ณณ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
way above the Arctic Circle in the remote Canadian tundra.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ถ๊ทน๊ถŒ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์œ„์ชฝ์˜ ์™ธ์ง„ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ํˆฐ๋“œ๋ผ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
Now, one summer day in 2006,
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2006๋…„์˜ ์–ด๋Š ์—ฌ๋ฆ„๋‚ ์—
00:44
she was at a dig site called the Fyles Leaf Bed,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” Fyles Leaf Bed ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๊ตด ํ˜„์žฅ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
which is less than 10 degrees latitude away from the magnetic north pole.
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์ž๋ถ๊ทน์—์„œ ์œ„๋„๋กœ 10๋„๋„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
(Audio) NR: Really, it's not going to sound very exciting,
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(์Œ์„ฑ)๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„: ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‚˜์š”? ์ „ํ˜€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:55
because it was a day of walking with your backpack and your GPS
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ๋ฐฐ๋‚ญ์— GPS์™€ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์„ ๋“ค๊ณ 
00:59
and notebook and just picking up anything that might be a fossil.
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ํ™”์„ ๊ฐ™์•„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ „๋ถ€ ์ฃผ์šฐ๋ฉด์„œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์ข…์ผ ๊ฑธ์–ด ๋‹ค๋…”๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
01:03
LN: And at some point, she noticed something.
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๋ผํ‹ฐํ”„:๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋Š ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
(Audio) NR: Rusty, kind of rust-colored,
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(์Œ์„ฑ) ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„: ๋…น์Šฌ์—ˆ์–ด์š”, ๋…น์Šจ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ‰๊น”์—
01:08
about the size of the palm of my hand.
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์ œ ์†๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ๋งŒํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ.
01:10
It was just lying on the surface.
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๋•…๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:12
LN: And at first she thought it was just a splinter of wood,
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๋ผํ‹ฐํ”„: ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๋„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์กฐ๊ฐ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
because that's the sort of thing people had found
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด Fyles Leaf Bed์—์„œ ์ „์—
01:18
at the Fyles Leaf Bed before -- prehistoric plant parts.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„ ์‚ฌ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์‹๋ฌผ ํ™”์„์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
But that night, back at camp ...
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋‚  ๋ฐค, ์บ ํ”„๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ
01:24
(Audio) NR: ... I get out the hand lens,
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(์Œ์„ฑ) ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„: ํœด๋Œ€์šฉ ๋‹๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊บผ๋‚ด์„œ
01:26
I'm looking a little bit more closely and realizing
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:29
it doesn't quite look like this has tree rings.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์ดํ…Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
01:31
Maybe it's a preservation thing,
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๋ณด์กดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:33
but it looks really like ...
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง๋กœ
01:35
bone.
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๋ผˆ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์˜€์–ด์š”.
01:36
LN: Huh. So over the next four years,
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๋ผํ‹ฐํ”„: ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 4๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ์„œ
01:39
she went to that spot over and over,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๊ณ„์† ํƒ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
and eventually collected 30 fragments of that exact same bone,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ 30 ์กฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ผˆ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋ชจ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
most of them really tiny.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ •๋ง ์ž‘์€ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
(Audio) NR: It's not a whole lot. It fits in a small Ziploc bag.
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(์Œ์„ฑ) ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„: ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ผ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”. ํ•ด๋ดค์ž ์ง€ํผ๋ฝ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ๋‹ค ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š”๊ฑธ์š”.
01:54
LN: And she tried to piece them together like a jigsaw puzzle.
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๋ผํ‹ฐํ”„: ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํผ์ฆ ๋งž์ถ”๋“ฏ ๋ผˆ๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถ”๋ ค๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
But it was challenging.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
(Audio) NR: It's broken up into so many little tiny pieces,
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(์Œ์„ฑ) ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„: ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ์กฐ๊ฐ๋‚˜์„œ
02:03
I'm trying to use sand and putty, and it's not looking good.
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๋ชจ๋ž˜์™€ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชจ์–‘์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
02:07
So finally, we used a 3D surface scanner.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—”, 3D ์Šค์บ๋„ˆ๋กœ ์ดฌ์˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:12
LN: Ooh! NR: Yeah, right?
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๋ผํ‹ฐํ”„: ์˜ค! ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„: ๊ทธ๋ž˜์š” ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์ฃ ?
02:14
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:15
LN: It turns out it was way easier to do it virtually.
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๋ผํ‹ฐํ”„: ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
(Audio) NR: It's kind of magical when it all fits together.
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(์Œ์„ฑ) ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„: ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ™์•˜์–ด์š”.
02:21
LN: How certain were you that you had it right,
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๋ผํ‹ฐํ”„: ์ด ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•ฉ์ณ์กŒ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
02:23
that you had put it together in the right way?
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํ™•์‹ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
02:25
Was there a potential that you'd put it together a different way
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์กฐ๋ฆฝ์„ ์ž˜ ๋ชป ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
02:28
and have, like, a parakeet or something?
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์ž‘์€ ์ž‰๊ผฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ผˆ๋Š” ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€์š”?
02:30
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:32
(Audio) NR: (Laughs) Um, no. No, we got this.
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(์Œ์„ฑ) ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„: (์›ƒ์Œ) ์Œ, ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”, ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ๋งž์•„์š”.
02:36
LN: What she had, she discovered, was a tibia, a leg bone,
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๋ผํ‹ฐํ”„: ๊ทธ๋…€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฑด ๊ฒฝ๊ณจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ๋ผˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
and specifically, one that belonged to a cloven-hoofed mammal,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๊ตฝ์ด ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ง„ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ๋ผˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
so something like a cow or a sheep.
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์†Œ๋‚˜ ์–‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:47
But it couldn't have been either of those.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋™๋ฌผ์ผ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
It was just too big.
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๋ผˆ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ปธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
(Audio) NR: The size of this thing, it was huge. It's a really big animal.
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(์Œ์„ฑ) ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„: ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์ปธ์–ด์š” ์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ผˆ์˜€์–ด์š”.
02:55
LN: So what animal could it be?
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๋ผํ‹ฐํ”„: ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ๋™๋ฌผ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:59
Having hit a wall, she showed one of the fragments
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๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋˜ ์ค‘์—, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ
03:01
to some colleagues of hers in Colorado,
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์ฝœ๋กœ๋ผ๋„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™๋ฃŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:04
and they had an idea.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ข‹์€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‚ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
(Audio) NR: We took a saw, and we nicked just the edge of it,
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(์Œ์„ฑ) ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„: ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ†ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋์— ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
03:11
and there was this really interesting smell that comes from it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ‹ˆ์—์„œ ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ํ’๊ฒจ์ ธ ๋‚˜์™”์–ด์š”.
03:18
LN: It smelled kind of like singed flesh.
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๋ผํ‹ฐํ”„: ์‚ด ํƒ€๋Š” ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
It was a smell that Natalia recognized
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๊ทธ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ง•๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™
03:23
from cutting up skulls in her gross anatomy lab:
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์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ ๋งก๋˜ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
collagen.
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์ฝœ๋ผ๊ฒ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
Collagen is what gives structure to our bones.
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์ฝœ๋ผ๊ฒ์€ ๋ผˆ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์—ญํ™œ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
And usually, after so many years,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณดํ†ต ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅด๋ฉด
03:33
it breaks down.
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๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
But in this case, the Arctic had acted like a natural freezer and preserved it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ถ๊ทน์ด ์ฒœ์—ฐ ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ณ  ์—ญํ™œ์„ ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด์กด์ด ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
Then a year or two later, Natalia was at a conference in Bristol,
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๊ทธ ๋’ค 1, 2๋…„ ํ›„์— ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ†จ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ํ•™ํšŒ์—์„œ
03:43
and she saw that a colleague of hers named Mike Buckley
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๋งˆ์ดํฌ ๋ฒ„ํด๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€
03:47
was demoing this new process that he called "collagen fingerprinting."
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"์ฝœ๋ผ๊ฒ ์ง€๋ฌธ์ฑ„์ทจ" ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์—ฐํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑธ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
It turns out that different species have slightly different structures
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๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฝœ๋ผ๊ฒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ
03:56
of collagen,
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๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
so if you get a collagen profile of an unknown bone,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฏธํ™•์ธ ๋ผˆ์˜ ์ฝœ๋ผ๊ฒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:00
you can compare it to those of known species,
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๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ์ข…์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋น„๊ต ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
and, who knows, maybe you get a match.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜น์‹œ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
So she shipped him one of the fragments,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋™๋ฃŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
FedEx.
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ํŽ˜๋ฑ์Šค๋กœ์š”.
04:11
(Audio) NR: Yeah, you want to track it. It's kind of important.
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(์Œ์„ฑ) ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„: ๋„ค, ๋ฐฐ์†กํ™•์ธ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ ์š”. ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ž–์•„์š”.
04:15
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:16
LN: And he processed it,
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๋ผํ‹ฐํ”„: ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•ด์„œ
04:17
and compared it to 37 known and modern-day mammal species.
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37์ข…์˜ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜ ์ข…๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
04:22
And he found a match.
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์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
It turns out that the 3.5 million-year-old bone
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์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ด ๋ผˆ๋Š” 350๋งŒ๋…„ ์ „์˜ ๋ผˆ๋กœ์„œ
04:29
that Natalia had dug out of the High Arctic
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๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ถ๊ทน๊ถŒ์—์„œ ํŒŒ๋‚ธ ์ด ๋ผˆ์˜
04:33
belonged to ...
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์ฃผ์ธ์€...
04:36
a camel.
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๋‚™ํƒ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:39
(Audio) NR: And I'm thinking, what? That's amazing -- if it's true.
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(์Œ์„ฑ) ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„: ๋‹น์‹œ์— ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋žฌ์ฃ . ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ ? ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด๋„ค-- ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๋ฉด.
04:43
LN: So they tested a bunch of the fragments,
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๋ผํ‹ฐํ”„: ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค๋กœ๋„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰์„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
04:45
and they got the same result for each one.
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๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ถ€ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
However, based on the size of the bone that they found,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ๋ผˆ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
04:53
it meant that this camel was 30 percent larger than modern-day camels.
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๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์ด ๋‚™ํƒ€๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ๋‚™ํƒ€๋ณด๋‹ค 30%๋‚˜ ๋” ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
So this camel would have been about nine feet tall,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด ๋‚™ํƒ€๋Š” ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ 9ํ”ผํŠธ์—
05:03
weighed around a ton.
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๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 1ํ†ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
(Audience reacts)
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(๊ด€์ค‘ ๋ฐ˜์‘)
05:05
Yeah.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
Natalia had found a Giant Arctic camel.
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๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๋ถ๊ทน ๋‚™ํƒ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:14
Now, when you hear the word "camel,"
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์ด์ œ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด '๋‚™ํƒ€'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
05:16
what may come to mind is one of these,
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๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์ด๋Ÿด ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
the Bactrian camel of East and Central Asia.
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๋™์•„์‹œ์•„, ์ค‘์•™ ์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ์Œ๋ด‰๋‚™ํƒ€๋‚˜,
05:24
But chances are the postcard image you have in your brain
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์—” ์—ฝ์„œ์— ๋ณดํ†ต ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”
05:28
is one of these, the dromedary,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‹จ๋ด‰ ๋‚™ํƒ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
quintessential desert creature --
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์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ
05:34
hangs out in sandy, hot places like the Middle East and the Sahara,
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๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์ง€๋Œ€์— ์„œ์‹ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์— ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ
05:38
has a big old hump on its back
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ํฐ ํ˜น์ด ๋“ฑ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ์–ด
05:40
for storing water for those long desert treks,
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๊ธด ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ํŠธ๋ ˆํ‚น์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ์ €์žฅํ•ด ๋†“๊ณ 
05:42
has big, broad feet to help it tromp over sand dunes.
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ํฌ๊ณ  ๋„“์€ ๋ฐœ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์–ธ๋•์„ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
So how on earth would one of these guys end up in the High Arctic?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ๊ทน๊ถŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:53
Well, scientists have known for a long time, turns out,
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
even before Natalia's discovery,
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๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ์ „์— ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด
05:59
that camels are actually originally American.
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๋‚™ํƒ€๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ถœ์‹ ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
(Music: The Star-Spangled Banner)
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(์Œ์•…: ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ตญ๊ฐ€-์„ฑ์กฐ๊ธฐ์—ฌ ์˜์›ํ•˜๋ผ)
06:10
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:11
They started here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‚™ํƒ€๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
For nearly 40 of the 45 million years that camels have been around,
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์•ฝ 4์ฒœ๋งŒ์—์„œ 4์ฒœ5๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋…„ ์ „์— ๋‚™ํƒ€๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๊ณ 
06:18
you could only find them in North America,
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์˜ค์ง ๋ถ๋ฏธ ์ง€์—ญ์—๋งŒ ์„œ์‹ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
around 20 different species, maybe more.
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20์—ฌ ์ข…์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๊ณ  ๋” ๋งŽ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
(Audio) LN: If I put them all in a lineup, would they look different?
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(์Œ์„ฑ) ๋ผํ‹ฐํ”„: ๋‚™ํƒ€ ์ „๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฑธ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
06:28
NR: Yeah, you're going to have different body sizes.
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๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„: ๋„ค, ๋‚™ํƒ€๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ 
06:30
You'll have some with really long necks,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‚™ํƒ€๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ด ์ •๋ง ๊ธด ์ข…๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:32
so they're actually functionally like giraffes.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ฆฐ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚™ํƒ€์ฃ .
06:35
LN: Some had snouts, like crocodiles.
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๋ผํ‹ฐํ”„: ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…์€ ์•…์–ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ๋‘ฅ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค์ง€์š”?
06:38
(Audio) NR: The really primitive, early ones would have been really small,
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(์Œ์„ฑ) ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„: ์›์‹œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ๋‚™ํƒ€๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ •๋ง ์ž‘์•˜์–ด์š”.
06:42
almost like rabbits.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ† ๋ผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:44
LN: What? Rabbit-sized camels?
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๋ผํ‹ฐํ”„: ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”? ํ† ๋ผ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‚™ํƒ€๋ผ๊ณ ์š”?
06:47
(Audio) NR: The earliest ones.
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(์Œ์„ฑ) ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„: ๋„ค ์›์‹œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ๋‚™ํƒ€๊ฐ€์š”.
06:48
So those ones you probably would not recognize.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‚™ํƒ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
06:51
LN: Oh my God, I want a pet rabbit-camel.
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๋ผํ‹ฐํ”„: ์„ธ์ƒ์—, ํ† ๋ผ ๋‚™ํƒ€ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋„ค์š”.
06:53
(Audio) NR: I know, wouldn't that be great?
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(์Œ์„ฑ) ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„: ์ €๋„์š”. ์ข‹์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”?
06:55
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:56
LN: And then about three to seven million years ago,
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๋ผํ‹ฐํ”„: ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ฝ 3๋ฐฑ์—์„œ 7๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋…„ ์ „์—
06:59
one branch of camels went down to South America,
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ํ•œ ๋‚™ํƒ€์˜ ํ•œ ์ข…์ด ๋‚จ๋ฏธ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
where they became llamas and alpacas,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ผ๋งˆ์™€ ์•ŒํŒŒ์นด๋กœ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
and another branch crossed over the Bering Land Bridge
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์€ ๋ฒ ๋ง์œก๊ต๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜
07:08
into Asia and Africa.
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์•„์‹œ์•„์™€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
And then around the end of the last ice age,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น™ํ•˜์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋์ž๋ฝ์—์„œ
07:11
North American camels went extinct.
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๋ถ๋ฏธ ๋‚™ํƒ€๋Š” ๋ฉธ์ข…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
So, scientists knew all of that already,
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
but it still doesn't fully explain how Natalia found one so far north.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ € ๋ถ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
Like, this is, temperature-wise, the polar opposite of the Sahara.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์˜จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ทน์ง€๋ฐฉ์€ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ์™€ ์™„์ „ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
Now to be fair,
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์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
07:31
three and a half million years ago,
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350๋งŒ๋…„ ์ „์—๋Š”
07:33
it was on average 22 degrees Celsius warmer than it is now.
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ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ญ์”จ 20๋„ ์ •๋„ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
So it would have been boreal forest,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ถ๊ทน๊ถŒ๋„ ์•„ํ•œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ˆฒ์ด์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
so more like the Yukon or Siberia today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์œ ์ฝ˜ ์ฃผ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๊ฐ™์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
But still, like, they would have six-month-long winters
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๊ฒจ์šธ์ด 6๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ ,
07:48
where the ponds would freeze over.
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๋ฌผ ์›…๋ฉ์ด๊ฐ€ ์–ผ์–ด ๋ถ™๊ณ 
07:50
You'd have blizzards.
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๋ˆˆ๋ณด๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
You'd have 24 hours a day of straight darkness.
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24์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ๊ทน์•ผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ด์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
Like, how ... How?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ... ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ ?
07:58
How is it that one of these Saharan superstars
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์Šˆํผ์Šคํƒ€๊ฐ€
08:03
could ever have survived those arctic conditions?
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๋ถ๊ทน์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„ ๋‚จ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:06
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:09
Natalia and her colleagues think they have an answer.
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๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
And it's kind of brilliant.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋ฐœํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
What if the very features that we imagine make the camel so well-suited
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚™ํƒ€๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ž˜ ์ ์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜
08:23
to places like the Sahara,
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์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต๋“ค์ด
08:25
actually evolved to help it get through the winter?
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ฒจ์šธ์„ ์ด๊ฒจ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง„ํ™”๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด? ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
What if those broad feet were meant to tromp not over sand,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ๋‚™ํƒ€์˜ ๋„“์€ ๋ฐœ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:34
but over snow, like a pair of snowshoes?
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๋ˆˆ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๋ฉด์š”? ๋งˆ์น˜ ์„คํ™”๊ฐ™์ด์š”.
08:37
What if that hump -- which, huge news to me,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ๋‚™ํƒ€์˜ ํ˜น์ด -- ์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํฐ ๋‰ด์Šค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
does not contain water, it contains fat --
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๋ฌผ์„ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:43
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:44
was there to help the camel get through that six-month-long winter,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋จน์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ 6๊ฐœ์›”์˜ ๊ฒจ์šธ์„ ๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ
08:48
when food was scarce?
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๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
08:49
And then, only later, long after it crossed over the land bridge
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋‚™ํƒ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ ๋ง์œก๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๊ณ  ํ•œ์ฐธ ํ›„์—
08:53
did it retrofit those winter features for a hot desert environment?
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๊ฒจ์šธ์„ ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ด ํŠน์ง•๋“ค์„ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ์กฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
08:58
Like, for instance, the hump may be helpful to camels in hotter climes
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ๋“ฑ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜น์€ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ธฐํ›„์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
because having all your fat in one place,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ด ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ๋ชฐ๋ ค์žˆ์–ด์„œ
09:04
like a, you know, fat backpack,
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ๋ฒ ๋‚ญ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
09:07
means that you don't have to have that insulation
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜จ ๋ชธ์„ ๊ฐ์‹ธ๋Š” ๋‹จ์—ด์ œ๊ฐ€
09:10
all over the rest of your body.
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ํ•„์š” ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
So it helps heat dissipate easier.
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๋“ฑ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜น์ด ์—ด์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
It's this crazy idea,
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์ด์ƒํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
09:17
that what seems like proof of the camel's quintessential desert nature
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๋‚™ํƒ€๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์— ์‚ด์•„ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๋“ค์ด
09:22
could actually be proof of its High Arctic past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋‚™ํƒ€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ๊ทน๊ถŒ์— ์‚ด์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
Now, I'm not the first person to tell this story.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
Others have told it as a way to marvel at evolutionary biology
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ง„ํ™” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ด๋กœ์›€์ด๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
09:36
or as a keyhole into the future of climate change.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์—ด์‡ ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ.
09:40
But I love it for a totally different reason.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
For me, it's a story about us,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
about how we see the world
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ 
09:48
and about how that changes.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
So I was trained as a historian.
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌํ•™์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
And I've learned that, actually, a lot of scientists are historians, too.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌํ•™์ž ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
They make sense of the past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:00
They tell the history of our universe, of our planet, of life on this planet.
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค๋„ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜, ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ, ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
And as a historian,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ
10:08
you start with an idea in your mind of how the story goes.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
(Audio) NR: We make up stories and we stick with it,
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(์Œ์„ฑ) ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„: ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์ง„์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
10:15
like the camel in the desert, right?
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๋‚™ํƒ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
10:17
That's a great story! It's totally adapted for that.
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๋”ฑ ๋งž๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ž–์•„์š”! ์ €๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:19
Clearly, it always lived there.
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๋ณด๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋‚™ํƒ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์— ์‚ด์ž–์•„์š”.
10:22
LN: But at any moment, you could uncover some tiny bit of evidence.
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๋ผํƒ€ํ”„: ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋Š ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:26
You could learn some tiny thing
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๊ทธ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
10:28
that forces you to reframe everything you thought you knew.
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๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
Like, in this case, this one scientist finds this one shard
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€
10:36
of what she thought was wood,
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๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ธ์ค„ ์•Œ์•˜๋˜ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:38
and because of that, science has a totally new and totally counterintuitive theory
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณ„๋Š” ์ด ๋‹ฅํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์Šค (Dr. Seuss) ๊ฐ™์ด
10:43
about why this absurd Dr. Seuss-looking creature
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์ƒ๊ธด ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์™œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
10:46
looks the way it does.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜์ง๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ด๋ก ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
And for me, it completely upended the way I think of the camel.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‚™ํƒ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
It went from being this ridiculously niche creature
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ํŠน์ • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ž๋ž„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
10:58
suited only to this one specific environment,
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๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๊ฒŒ ํฌ๊ท€ํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์—์„œ
11:00
to being this world traveler that just happens to be in the Sahara,
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:06
and could end up virtually anywhere.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์–ด๋„ ์ด์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
11:26
This is Azuri.
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์ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ๋ฆฌ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
Azuri, hi, how are you doing?
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์•„์ฃผ๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ๋…•! ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋•Œ?
11:31
OK, here, I've got one of these for you here.
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์ž ์—ฌ๊ธฐ, ์ด๊ฑฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋จน์–ด.
11:34
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:36
So Azuri is on a break from her regular gig
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์•„์ฃผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ •๊ธฐ ๊ณต์—ฐ ์ค‘์— ์ž ๊น ์‰ฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
at the Radio City Music Hall.
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๋ผ๋””์˜ค ์‹œํ‹ฐ ๋ฎค์ง ํ™€์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์—ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:44
That's not even a joke.
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๋†๋‹ด์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
Anyway --
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์–ด์จ‹๊ฑด--
11:48
But really, Azuri is here as a living reminder
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์•„์ฃผ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
11:52
that the story of our world is a dynamic one.
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์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—ญํ•™์ ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
It requires our willingness to readjust, to reimagine.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ ์‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:06
Right, Azuri?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€? ์•„์ฃผ๋ฆฌ?
12:07
And, really, that we're all just one shard of bone away
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ๋ผˆ ์กฐ๊ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€
12:14
from seeing the world anew.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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