We train soldiers for war. Let's train them to come home, too | Hector Garcia

87,130 views ใƒป 2016-12-06

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jeongmin Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Doyoun Yu
00:12
Carlos,
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์นด๋ฅผ๋กœ์Šค
00:14
the Vietnam vet Marine
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๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ ์ฐธ์ „ ํ•ด๋ณ‘์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ๋Š”
00:16
who volunteered for three tours and got shot up in every one.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ํŒŒ๊ฒฌ์— ์ž์›ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋งค๋ฒˆ ๋ถ€์ƒ์„ ๋‹นํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:20
In 1971, he was medically retired
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1971๋…„, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ชธ ์†์˜ ํŒŒํŽธ์ด
00:22
because he had so much shrapnel in his body
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๊ธˆ์† ํƒ์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์šธ๋ฆด ์ •๋„์—ฌ์„œ
00:25
that he was setting off metal detectors.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒ ์€ํ‡ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:28
For the next 42 years, he suffered from nightmares,
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๊ทธ ํ›„ 42๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์•…๋ชฝ๊ณผ
00:31
extreme anxiety in public,
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๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ตฐ์ค‘๊ณตํฌ์ฆ
00:33
isolation, depression.
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๊ณ ๋…๊ณผ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ์ฃ .
00:35
He self-medicated with alcohol.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ˆ ๋กœ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
He was married and divorced three times.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ดํ˜ผํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:40
Carlos had post-traumatic stress disorder.
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์นด๋ฅผ๋กœ์Šค๋Š” ์™ธ์ƒ ํ›„ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์žฅ์•  (PTSD)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
Now, I became a psychologist to help mitigate human suffering,
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์ €๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๋œ์–ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
and for the past 10 years, my target has been the suffering caused by PTSD,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ทธ ์ฃผ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ PTSD๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚œ ๊ณ ํ†ต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
as experienced by veterans like Carlos.
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์นด๋ฅผ๋กœ์Šค ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฐธ์ „ ์šฉ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ž์ฃผ ๊ฒช๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
00:55
Until recently, the science of PTSD just wasn't there.
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PTSD์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์ดํ•ด๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
And so, we didn't know what to do.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€์กฐ์ฐจ ๋ชฐ๋ž์–ด์š”.
01:03
We put some veterans on heavy drugs.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์•ฝ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ–ˆ๊ณ 
01:05
Others we hospitalized and gave generic group therapy,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ž…์›์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ƒ๋‹ด์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
and others still we simply said to them,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๋ง์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
"Just go home and try to forget about your experiences."
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"๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ง‘์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋“ค์„ ์žŠ์–ด ๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์„ธ์š”."
01:15
More recently, we've tried therapy dogs, wilderness retreats --
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๋” ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž์—ฐ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์š”๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
01:18
many things which may temporarily relieve stress,
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์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:21
but which don't actually eliminate PTSD symptoms over the long term.
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์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ PTSD์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์ง„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:26
But things have changed.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
And I am here to tell you that we can now eliminate PTSD,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ PTSD๋ฅผ ์ด์ œ ์ •๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ ์–ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
not just manage the symptoms,
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์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:35
and in huge numbers of veterans.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์€ํ‡ด ๊ตฐ์ธ๋“ค์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:37
Because new scientific research has been able to show,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ
01:40
objectively, repeatedly,
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์–ด๋–ค ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:42
which treatments actually get rid of symptoms and which do not.
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์–ด๋–ค ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
Now as it turns out,
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์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
01:47
the best treatments for PTSD use many of the very same training principles
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PTSD์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์€ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋ณ‘๋“ค์„ ์ „ํˆฌ์— ๋Œ€๋น„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”
01:52
that the military uses in preparing its trainees for war.
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ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ˆ˜์น™๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์›์น™์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
Now, making war --
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์ „์Ÿ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฑด
02:00
this is something that we are good at.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:02
We humans have been making war since before we were even fully human.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
And since then, we have gone from using stone and sinew
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋จน๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ
02:11
to developing the most sophisticated and devastating weapon systems imaginable.
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์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ธ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
And to enable our warriors to use these weapons,
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๊ตฐ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ 
02:18
we employ the most cutting-edge training methods.
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์ฒจ๋‹จ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ฃ .
02:20
We are good at making war.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
And we are good at training our warriors to fight.
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์ „ํˆฌ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋„ ๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ .
02:26
Yet, when we consider the experience of the modern-day combat veteran,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ฐธ์ „ ์šฉ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ดํ›„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
02:30
we begin to see that we have not been as good
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ›ˆ๋ จ์€
02:33
at preparing them to come home.
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์ค€๋น„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋“ฏํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
Why is that?
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”?
02:37
Well, our ancestors lived immersed in conflict,
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์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์ฒ ๋œ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด์•˜๊ณ 
02:41
and they fought right where they lived.
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์‚ถ์€ ์ „ํˆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ์†์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
So until only very recently in our evolutionary history,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ง„ํ™” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์ตœ๊ทผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:47
there was hardly a need to learn how to come home from war,
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์ผ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต๊ท€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
because we never really did.
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๋ณต๊ท€ํ•  ์ผ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:53
But thankfully, today,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„
02:54
most of humanity lives in far more peaceful societies,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ํ‰ํ™”๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ 
02:57
and when there is conflict, we, especially in the United States,
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
03:01
now have the technology to put our warriors through advanced training,
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๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๊ณ ๋„์˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
03:05
drop them in to fight anywhere on the globe
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋Š” ํŒŒ๊ฒฌ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:08
and when they're done,
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์ž‘์—…์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด
03:09
jet them back to peacetime suburbia.
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ํ‰ํ™”๋กœ์šด ๊ต์™ธ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:12
But just imagine for a moment what this must feel like.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž ์‹œ, ์ด๊ฒŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ผ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
03:17
I've spoken with veterans who've told me
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋“ค๋ ค์ค€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋‹ด์€
03:19
that one day they're in a brutal firefight in Afghanistan
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„์˜ ๋ฌด์ž๋น„ํ•œ ์ „ํˆฌ์—์„œ
03:22
where they saw carnage and death,
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์‚ด์œก๊ณผ ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
03:25
and just three days later, they found themselves
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๋‹จ 3์ผ ๋งŒ์— ์•„์ด์Šค๋ฐ•์Šค๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ณ 
03:28
toting an ice chest to their kid's soccer game.
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์•„์ด์˜ ์ถ•๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์— ๊ตฌ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
"Mindfuck" is the most common term.
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"๋ฉ˜ํƒˆ ๋ถ•๊ดด" ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ผ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์š”.
03:35
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:36
It's the most common term I've heard to describe that experience.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ž์ฃผ ์„œ์ˆ ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
And that's exactly what that is.
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์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
03:41
Because while our warriors spend countless hours training for war,
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๊ตฐ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ „ํˆฌ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์— ์“ฐ๋ฉด์„œ๋„
03:45
we've only recently come to understand
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์™€์„œ์•ผ
03:47
that many require training on how to return to civilian life.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ‘์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์ƒ ๋ณต๊ท€ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
Now, like any training, the best PTSD treatments require repetition.
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๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ PTSD ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
In the military,
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๊ตฐ๋Œ€์—์„œ๋Š”
03:56
we don't simply hand trainees Mark-19 automatic grenade launchers
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ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋ณ‘๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ Mk.19 ์œ ํƒ„๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋Š”
04:00
and say, "Here's the trigger, here's some ammo and good luck."
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"์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉ์•„์‡ ๊ณ  ํƒ„์•ฝ์„ ์ค„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ ์ž˜ ํ•ด ๋ด."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
04:03
No. We train them, on the range and in specific contexts,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
04:08
over and over and over
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ
04:09
until lifting their weapon and engaging their target
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๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ณ  ํ‘œ์ ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ
04:12
is so engrained into muscle memory
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๊ทผ์œก์— ์ƒˆ๊ฒจ์ ธ์„œ
04:14
that it can be performed without even thinking,
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์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ๊ธด์žฅ ์†์—์„œ
04:16
even under the most stressful conditions you can imagine.
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์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
Now, the same holds for training-based treatments.
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ํ›ˆ๋ จ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์—๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์›๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
The first of these treatments is cognitive therapy,
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ธ์ง€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋กœ
04:27
and this is a kind of mental recalibration.
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ •์‹  ์žฌ์กฐ์ •์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
When veterans come home from war,
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๊ตฐ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ „์žฅ์—์„œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ๋•Œ
04:32
their way of mentally framing the world is calibrated
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์ •์‹ ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‹€์€
04:35
to an immensely more dangerous environment.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ธด๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์กฐ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
So when you try to overlay that mind frame onto a peacetime environment,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ํ‹€์„ ํ‰ํ™”๋กœ์šด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
04:44
you get problems.
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์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
04:45
You begin drowning in worries about dangers that aren't present.
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์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฑ์ •์— ๋น ์ ธ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
You begin not trusting family or friends.
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๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
Which is not to say there are no dangers in civilian life; there are.
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๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:58
It's just that the probability of encountering them
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์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด
05:01
compared to combat
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์ „์‹œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ
05:02
is astronomically lower.
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์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:05
So we never advise veterans to turn off caution completely.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตฐ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋Šฆ์ถ”๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
We do train them, however, to adjust caution
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„
05:11
according to where they are.
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์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:13
If you find yourself in a bad neighborhood,
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์ ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
05:16
you turn it up.
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๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋†’ํžˆ๊ณ 
05:17
Out to dinner with family?
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๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ €๋…์—์„œ๋Š”
05:19
You turn it way down.
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ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
We train veterans to be fiercely rational,
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๊ตฐ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•„์ฃผ ์ด์„ฑ์ ์ธ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
to systematically gauge the actual statistical probability
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ํ‰ํ™”๋กœ์šด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ œ ํญํƒ„์„
05:28
of encountering, say, an IED here in peacetime America.
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๋งˆ์ฃผ์น  ํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Š ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
05:33
With enough practice, those recalibrations stick.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์กฐ์ •๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชธ์— ๋ฐฐ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
The next of these treatments is exposure therapy,
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๋‹ค์Œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์€ ๋…ธ์ถœ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
and this is a kind of field training,
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๋ชจ์˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ์ผ์ข…์œผ๋กœ
05:44
and the fastest of the proven effective treatments out there.
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์œ ํšจํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
You remember Carlos?
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์นด๋ฅผ๋กœ์Šค ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ ?
05:49
This was the treatment that he chose.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ฅธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
And so we started off by giving him exercises,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
for him, challenging ones:
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๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
05:55
going to a grocery store,
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์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ์ ์— ๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
05:57
going to a shopping mall, going to a restaurant,
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์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ๊ณผ ์‹๋‹น์— ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
sitting with his back to the door.
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๋“ฑ์„ ์ถœ์ž…๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ๋Œ„ ์ฑ„๋กœ์š”.
06:03
And, critically --
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
06:05
staying in these environments.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฌ๋””๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
Now, at first he was very anxious.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
He wanted to sit where he could scan the room,
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๋ฐฉ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋‹ค๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:12
where he could plan escape routes,
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ํƒˆ์ถœ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์งค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
06:13
where he could get his hands on a makeshift weapon.
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์—ฌ์ฐจํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋กœ ์“ธ ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:17
And he wanted to leave, but he didn't.
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๋‹น์žฅ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
He remembered his training in the Marine Corps,
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ํ•ด๋ณ‘๋Œ€์—์„œ์˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋ฉฐ
06:23
and he pushed through his discomfort.
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๋ถˆํŽธํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ๋‚ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
And every time he did this, his anxiety ratcheted down a little bit,
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๋งค๋ฒˆ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•จ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ 
06:28
and then a little bit more and then a little bit more,
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์ ์ฐจ ์ฆ์„ธ๋Š” ์ข‹์•„์ ธ์„œ
06:31
until in the end,
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด
06:32
he had effectively relearned how to sit in a public space
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ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ณต๊ณต์žฅ์†Œ์— ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ
06:38
and just enjoy himself.
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๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
He also listened to recordings of his combat experiences,
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์‹ค์ œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ „ํˆฌ๋ฅผ ๋…น์Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:45
over and over and over.
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์ˆ˜์—†์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
He listened until those memories no longer generated any anxiety.
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๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•จ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€์š”.
06:52
He processed his memories so much
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๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•ด์„œ
06:55
that his brain no longer needed to return to those experiences
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ž ์„ ์ž˜ ๋•Œ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
in his sleep.
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07:00
And when I spoke with him a year after treatment had finished,
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚œ ์ง€ ์ผ๋…„ ํ›„ ๊ทธ์™€ ๋ฉด๋‹ดํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
07:03
he told me,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
"Doc, this is the first time in 43 years
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"๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜, ์‚ฌ์‹ญ์‚ผ ๋…„๋งŒ์— ์•…๋ชฝ์„ ๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ
07:10
that I haven't had nightmares."
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
07:13
Now, this is different than erasing a memory.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ์ง€์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
Veterans will always remember their traumatic experiences,
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์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๋“ค์€ ํŠธ๋ผ์šฐ๋งˆ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
07:21
but with enough practice,
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋’ค์—
07:22
those memories are no longer as raw or as painful as they once were.
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋“ค์ด ์˜ˆ์ „๋งŒํผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:28
They don't feel emotionally like they just happened yesterday,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งˆ์น˜ ์–ด์ œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
07:31
and that is an immensely better place to be.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‚˜์•„์ง„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:37
But it's often difficult.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‰ฝ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
And, like any training, it may not work for everybody.
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ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
And there are trust issues.
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์‹ ๋ขฐ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
07:45
Sometimes I'm asked,
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๋•Œ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
"If you haven't been there, Doc, how can you help me?"
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"์ „์žฅ์— ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ์ ๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ ?"
07:49
Which is understandable.
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๋งž๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
But at the point of returning to civilian life,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ์˜ ์‚ถ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋ ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ
07:56
you do not require somebody who's been there.
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์ „ํˆฌ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
You don't require training for operations on the battlefield;
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์ „์‹œ ์ž‘์ „ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ
08:03
you require training on how to come home.
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์ผ์ƒ ๋ณต๊ท€ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:10
For the past 10 years of my work,
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์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ €๋Š”
08:13
I have been exposed to detailed accounts
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์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„
08:16
of the worst experiences that you can imagine,
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์ง์ ‘ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
daily.
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๋งค์ผ์š”.
08:19
And it hasn't always been easy.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‰ฝ์ง€๋งŒ์€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
There have been times where I have just felt my heart break
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ ๋งˆ์Œ ์•„ํŒŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
08:25
or that I've absorbed too much.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์Šฌํผํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋•Œ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
But these training-based treatments work so well,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ˜•์‹์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•๋“ค์€ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ข‹์•„์„œ
08:31
that whatever this work takes out of me, it puts back even more,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žƒ๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณต๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
because I see people get better.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:38
I see people's lives transform.
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
Carlos can now enjoy outings with his grandchildren,
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์นด๋ฅผ๋กœ์Šค๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์†์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์™ธ์ถœ์„ ์ฆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
which is something he couldn't even do with his own children.
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์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž์‹๋“ค๊ณผ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:49
And what's amazing to me is that after 43 years of suffering,
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๋” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ํ†ต์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์€ 43๋…„ ๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:53
it only took him 10 weeks of intense training to get his life back.
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์‹ญ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ ฅ์„ ๋˜์ฐพ์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
And when I spoke with him, he told me,
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์นด๋ฅผ๋กœ์Šค์™€์˜ ๋ฉด๋‹ด์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ
09:00
"I know that I can't get those years back.
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"์ง€๋‚œ ์„ธ์›”์„ ๋˜์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
09:05
But at least now, whatever days that I have left on this Earth,
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์ด์Šน์—์„œ ์‚ด ๋‚ ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ ๋‚จ์•˜๋˜ ๊ฐ„์—
09:10
I can live them in peace."
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๊ทธ ๋‚ ๋“ค์€ ํ‰ํ™”๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์‚ด๊ฒ ๊ตฐ."
09:13
He also said, "I hope that these younger veterans don't wait
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๊ทธ๋Š”, "๋” ์ Š์€ ์šฉ์‚ฌ๋“ค๋„ ์ง€์ฒด ์—†์ด ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜
09:16
to get the help they need."
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์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋„ค." ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
And that's my hope, too.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ €์˜ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
Because ...
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:23
this life is short,
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์‚ถ์€ ์งง๊ณ 
09:25
and if you are fortunate enough to have survived war
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์ „์Ÿ์ด๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์—์„œ
09:28
or any kind of traumatic experience,
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์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์„ ๋งŒํผ ์šด์ด ์ข‹์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:30
you owe it to yourself to live your life well.
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๊ทธ ํ–‰์šด์€ ๋‚จ์€ ์‚ถ์„ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
And you shouldn't wait to get the training you need
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ–‰๋ณต์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„
09:37
to make that happen.
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๋ฏธ๋ค„์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
Now, the best way of ending human suffering caused by war
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์ „์Ÿ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ์—†์• ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
09:46
is to never go to war.
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์ „์Ÿ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
But we are just not there yet as a species.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ข…์กฑ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
Until we are,
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€
09:53
the mental suffering that we create in our sons and in our daughters
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์ž๋…€๋“ค์„ ์ „์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š”
09:58
when we send them off to fight
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์ •์‹ ์  ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋“ค์€
10:00
can be alleviated.
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์™„ํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
But we must ensure that the science, the energy level, the value
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ „ํˆฌ์— ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋™์›๋˜๋Š”
10:09
that we place on sending them off to war
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๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์„
10:13
is at the very least mirrored
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์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ด์„œ
10:15
in how well we prepare them to come back home to us.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
This much, we owe them.
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๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ๋นš์„ ์ง„ ์…ˆ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:22
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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