Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: We should all be feminists | TED

227,789 views ใƒป 2017-05-15

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Ju Hye Lim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
So I would like to start by telling you about one of my greatest friends,
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์ œ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด๋ณด๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
Okoloma Maduewesi.
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์˜ค์ฝœ๋กœ๋งˆ ๋งˆ๋‘์—์›จ์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
Okoloma lived on my street
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์ €์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ด์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
00:21
and looked after me like a big brother.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์˜ค๋น ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ฑ™๊ฒจ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
If I liked a boy, I would ask Okoloma's opinion.
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์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์˜ค์ฝœ๋กœ๋งˆ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ดค์–ด์š”.
00:27
Okoloma died in the notorious Sosoliso plane crash
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์˜ค์ฝœ๋กœ๋งˆ๋Š” 2005๋…„ 12์›”์— ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ
00:31
in Nigeria in December of 2005.
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์†Œ์†”๋ฆฌ์†Œ ์—ฌ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ์ถ”๋ฝ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
Almost exactly seven years ago.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ 7๋…„ ์ „์˜ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
00:37
Okoloma was a person I could argue with, laugh with and truly talk to.
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์˜ค์ฝœ๋กœ๋งˆ๋Š” ์ €์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋…ผ์Ÿํ•˜๊ณ , ์›ƒ๊ณ , ์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์˜€์–ด์š”.
00:43
He was also the first person to call me a feminist.
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์ €๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
I was about fourteen, we were at his house, arguing.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 14์‚ด์ผ ๋•Œ ์˜ค์ฝœ๋กœ๋งˆ ์ง‘์—์„œ ๋ง๋‹คํˆผ์„ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
Both of us bristling with half bit knowledge
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ฑ…์—์„œ ์ฝ์€ ๋ฐ˜์ชฝ์งœ๋ฆฌ ์ง€์‹์œผ๋กœ
00:53
from books that we had read.
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๋ง๋‹คํˆผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:55
I don't remember what this particular argument was about,
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๋ฌด์—‡์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‹ธ์›€์ด์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ์•ˆ ๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ
00:59
but I remember that as I argued and argued,
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์ด๋žฌ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋ž‘ ๊ณ„์† ์–ธ์Ÿ์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€
01:01
Okoloma looked at me and said, "You know, you're a feminist."
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์˜ค์ฝœ๋กœ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด๊ณ  "๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ์•„๋ƒ, ๋„ˆ๋Š” ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ์•ผ."
01:05
It was not a compliment.
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์นญ์ฐฌ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:06
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:08
I could tell from his tone,
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๋งํˆฌ์—์„œ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
01:09
the same tone that you would use to say something like,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋งํˆฌ๋ž‘ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
01:12
"You're a supporter of terrorism."
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"๋„ˆ๋Š” ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ์ง€์ง€์ž์•ผ."
01:14
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:17
I did not know exactly what this word "feminist" meant,
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์ €๋Š” "ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ"์˜ ๋œป์ด ๋ญ”์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ชฐ๋ž์–ด์š”.
01:20
and I did not want Okoloma to know that I did not know.
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์˜ค์ฝœ๋กœ๋งˆํ•œํ…Œ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋“คํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ
01:24
So I brushed it aside, and I continued to argue.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์‹ธ์›€์„ ์ด์–ด๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
01:27
And the first thing I planned to do when I got home
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ์™€์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ์ผ์€
01:29
was to look up the word "feminist" in the dictionary.
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"ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์ „์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜€์–ด์š”.
01:32
Now fast forward to some years later,
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๊ทธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ช‡ ๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„์—
01:35
I wrote a novel about a man who among other things beats his wife
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์ €๋Š” ์•„๋‚ด๋ฅผ ํญํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ง๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€
01:39
and whose story doesn't end very well.
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๋‚จ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ์„ค์„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
While I was promoting the novel in Nigeria,
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๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ ์ด ์ฑ…์„ ํ™๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
01:44
a journalist, a nice, well-meaning man,
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์„ ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์นœ์ ˆํ•œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์ž๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ
01:47
told me he wanted to advise me.
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
01:51
And for the Nigerians here,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์ธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์€
01:52
I'm sure we're all familiar
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž˜ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
01:53
with how quick our people are to give unsolicited advice.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌป์ง€๋„ ์•Š์€ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ์ฐธ ์ž˜ ํ•ด์ค˜์š”.
02:01
He told me that people were saying that my novel was feminist
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๊ธฐ์ž๋ถ„์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ œ ์†Œ์„ค์„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ์–ด์š”.
02:05
and his advice to me --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ ์ถฉ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:06
and he was shaking his head sadly as he spoke --
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๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ ์ €์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ
02:09
was that I should never call myself a feminist
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ์–ด์š”.
02:12
because feminists are women who are unhappy
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ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ๋‚จํŽธ๊ฐ์„ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด์„œ
02:14
because they cannot find husbands.
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•œ ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
02:16
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:21
So I decided to call myself "a happy feminist."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ "ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:24
Then an academic, a Nigerian woman told me
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ํ•™์ž์˜€๋˜ ํ•œ ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด
02:27
that feminism was not our culture
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ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
02:29
and that feminism wasn't African,
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ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
02:30
and that I was calling myself a feminist
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์ œ๊ฐ€ "์„œ์–‘ ์„œ์ "์— ๋ฌผ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
02:32
because I had been corrupted by "Western books."
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
02:35
Which amused me,
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
02:37
because a lot of my early readings were decidedly unfeminist.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ฑ…๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:40
I think I must have read every single Mills & Boon romance published
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์ €๋Š” 16์‚ด์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „์— ์ด๋ฏธ ์—ฐ์• ์†Œ์„ค๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฐ€์ฆˆ์•ค๋ถ„ ์ถœํŒ์‚ฌ์˜
02:43
before I was sixteen.
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์†Œ์„ค๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค ์ฝ์—ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:45
And each time I tried to read those books
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"ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์˜ ๊ณ ์ „"์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฑ…๋“ค์€
02:47
called "the feminist classics,"
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์ฝ์„ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ง€๋ฃจํ–ˆ๊ณ 
02:49
I'd get bored, and I really struggled to finish them.
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๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:52
But anyway, since feminism was un-African,
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ์—
02:55
I decided that I would now call myself "a happy African feminist."
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์ „ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ "ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:59
At some point I was a happy African feminist who does not hate men
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์ €๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ์ด์ž ๋‚จ์ž๋ฅผ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
03:04
and who likes lip gloss
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๋ฆฝ๊ธ€๋กœ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:05
and who wears high heels for herself but not for men.
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๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•˜์ดํž์„ ์‹ ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:07
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:09
Of course a lot of this was tongue-in-cheek,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ์ค‘ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋†๋‹ด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
03:11
but that word feminist is so heavy with baggage, negative baggage.
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ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋‚ก์€ ์ธ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:16
You hate men, you hate bras,
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๋„ˆํฌ๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž๋ž‘ ๋ธŒ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๊ณ 
03:18
you hate African culture, that sort of thing.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•ด๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ์š”.
03:22
Now here's a story from my childhood.
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์ œ ์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
03:24
When I was in primary school,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์— ๋‹ค๋‹ ๋•Œ
03:26
my teacher said at the beginning of term that she would give the class a test
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ํ•™๊ธฐ ์ดˆ์— ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ๊ต์‹ค ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€
03:31
and whoever got the highest score would be the class monitor.
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ํ•™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์žฅ์„ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:34
Now, class monitor was a big deal.
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๋ฐ˜์žฅ์€ ๊ฝค ํฐ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:37
If you were a class monitor,
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๋ฐ˜์žฅ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ๋– ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:38
you got to write down the names of noisemakers --
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03:41
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:42
which was having enough power of its own.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ธ๋ฐ
03:46
But my teacher would also give you a cane to hold in your hand
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์žฅ์ด ๋– ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์žก๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ต์‹ค์„ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
03:51
while you walk around and patrol the class for noisemakers.
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์†์— ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฃผ์…จ์–ด์š”.
03:55
Now, of course you were not actually allowed to use the cane.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ ๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•ˆ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:58
But it was an exciting prospect for the nine-year-old me.
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9์‚ด์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:02
I very much wanted to be the class monitor.
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์ €๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ ๋ฐ˜์žฅ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:04
And I got the highest score on the test.
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์ €๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด์š”.
04:07
Then, to my surprise, my teacher said that the monitor had to be a boy.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด๊ฒŒ๋„ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ๋ฐ˜์žฅ์€ ๋‚จ์ž์—ฌ์•ผ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์…จ์–ด์š”.
04:12
She had forgotten to make that clear earlier
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊นŒ๋จน์œผ์…จ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
04:14
because she assumed it was ... obvious.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์…จ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:16
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:18
A boy had the second highest score on the test,
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์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด๊ฐ€
04:20
and he would be monitor.
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๋ฐ˜์žฅ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:23
Now, what was even more interesting about this
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์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์€
04:25
is that the boy was a sweet, gentle soul
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๊ทธ ๋‚จ์ž์• ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์šฉํ•œ ์•„์ด์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
who had no interest in patrolling the class with the cane,
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๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ต์‹ค์„ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ํฅ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์•„์ด์˜€์ฃ .
04:33
while I was full of ambition to do so.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์•ผ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:38
But I was female and he was male,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž์˜€๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:40
and so he became the class monitor.
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๊ทธ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์žฅ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:43
And I've never forgotten that incident.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ์žŠ์€ ์ ์ด ์—†์–ด์š”.
04:45
I often make the mistake of thinking
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
04:47
that something that is obvious to me is just as obvious to everyone else.
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๋‚จ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฐฉ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋” ํ•ด์š”.
04:51
Now, take my dear friend Louis
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ผ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ ๋ฃจ์ด๋ฅผ
04:52
for example.
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์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
04:54
Louis is a brilliant, progressive man,
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๋ฃจ์ด๋Š” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง„๋ณด์ ์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ธ๋ฐ
04:56
and we would have conversations and he would tell me,
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๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•ด์š”.
04:58
"I don't know what you mean by things being different or harder for women.
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"์™œ ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ž๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋” ํž˜๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ด ๋ชป ํ•˜๊ฒ ์–ด.
05:02
Maybe in the past, but not now."
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—” ๊ทธ๋žฌ์„์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•„๋ƒ."
05:05
And I didn't understand how Louis could not see what seems so self-evident.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฃจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋„ ์ž๋ช…ํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์™œ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:09
Then one evening, in Lagos, Louis and I went out with friends.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ์ €๋… ๋ผ๊ณ ์Šค์—์„œ ๋ฃจ์ด์™€ ์ €๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ์™ธ์ถœํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:14
And for people here who are not familiar with Lagos,
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๋ผ๊ณ ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด
05:16
there's that wonderful Lagos' fixture,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
05:18
the sprinkling of energetic men who hang around outside establishments
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ํ™œ๊ธฐ์ฐฌ ๋‚จ์ž ๋ช‡ ๋ช…์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
05:23
and very dramatically "help" you park your car.
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์—ฐ๊ทนํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด ์ฃผ์ฐจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋„์™€์ค˜์š”.
05:27
I was impressed with the particular theatrics
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๊ทธ ๋‚  ์ €๋…์— ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ฐจํ•  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„์ค€ ๋‚จ์ž์˜
05:31
of the man who found us a parking spot that evening.
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๊ธฐ๊ต๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:34
And so as we were leaving, I decided to leave him a tip.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋– ๋‚  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ํŒ์„ ์ค˜์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:38
I opened my bag,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ์—ด๊ณ 
05:40
put my hand inside my bag,
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์†์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์— ๋„ฃ์–ด
05:41
brought out my money that I had earned from doing my work,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•ด์„œ ๋ฒˆ ์ œ ๋ˆ์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด์„œ
05:44
and I gave it to the man.
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๊ทธ ๋‚จ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:47
And he, this man who was very grateful and very happy,
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ปค๋˜ ์ด ๋‚จ์ž๋Š”
05:51
took the money from me,
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ
05:53
looked across at Louis
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๋ฃจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:55
and said, "Thank you, sir!"
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"๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์‚ฌ์žฅ๋‹˜!"
05:56
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:02
Louis looked at me, surprised,
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๋ฃจ์ด๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:06
and asked, "Why is he thanking me? I didn't give him the money."
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"์™œ ๋‚˜ํ•œํ…Œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์•ผ? ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ์„ ์ค€ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹Œ๋ฐ."
06:10
Then I saw realization dawn on Louis' face.
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๊ทธ์ œ์„œ์•ผ ๋ฃจ์ด๋Š” ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์–ด์š”.
06:14
The man believed that whatever money I had
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๊ทธ ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ˆ์ด
06:17
had ultimately come from Louis.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์€ ๋ฃจ์ด์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:21
Because Louis is a man.
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๋ฃจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์ž๋ผ์„œ์š”.
06:24
Men and women are different.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
We have different hormones, we have different sexual organs,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ์‹๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:29
we have different biological abilities.
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋„ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์š”.
06:31
Women can have babies, men can't.
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์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ๋ชปํ•˜์ฃ .
06:34
At least not yet.
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์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”์š”.
06:35
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:37
Men have testosterone and are in general physically stronger than women.
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๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ํ…Œ์Šคํ† ์Šคํ…Œ๋ก ์ด ๋ถ„๋น„๋˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์š”.
06:42
There's slightly more women than men in the world,
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์„ธ์ƒ์— ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋” ๋งŽ์•„์š”.
06:45
about 52 percent of the world's population is female.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์•ฝ 52%๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
But most of the positions of power and prestige are occupied by men.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํŠน๊ถŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:52
The late Kenyan Nobel Peace laureate,
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋…ธ๋ฒจ ํ‰ํ™”์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•œ ์ผ€๋ƒ์ธ์ธ ์™•๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ ๋งˆํƒ€์ด๊ฐ€
06:55
Wangari Maathai,
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06:56
put it simply and well when she said:
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์ด ๋ง๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆœ๋ช…๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
"The higher you go, the fewer women there are."
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"๋” ๋†’์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
07:03
In the recent US elections we kept hearing of the Lilly Ledbetter law,
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€์„ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ ๋ ˆ๋“œ๋ฒ ํ„ฐ ๋ฒ•์ด ๊ณ„์† ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:08
and if we go beyond the nicely alliterative name of that law,
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์˜ˆ์˜๊ฒŒ ๋‘์šด์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„ ๋„ˆ๋จธ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด
07:11
it was really about a man and a woman
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด
07:13
doing the same job, being equally qualified,
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ž๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
07:16
and the man being paid more because he's a man.
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๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์ž๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
So in the literal way, men rule the world,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:23
and this made sense a thousand years ago
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์ฒœ ๋…„ ์ „์—๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:26
because human beings lived then in a world
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๊ทธ ๋• ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์œก์ฒด์˜ ํž˜์ด
07:29
in which physical strength was the most important attribute for survival.
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์ƒ์กด์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:34
The physically stronger person was more likely to lead,
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ํž˜์ด ๋” ์…€์ˆ˜๋ก ์šฐ๋‘๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋†’์•˜๊ณ 
07:39
and men, in general, are physically stronger.
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๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ํž˜์ด ๋” ์…Œ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
Of course there are many exceptions.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
07:43
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:45
But today we live in a vastly different world.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
The person more likely to lead is not the physically stronger person;
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๋ฆฌ๋”๊ฐ€ ๋  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ํž˜์ด ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:53
it is the more creative person, the more intelligent person,
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์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ๋” ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ 
07:57
the more innovative person,
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๋” ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—์š”.
07:59
and there are no hormones for those attributes.
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์ด ์ž์งˆ์€ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ๊ณผ ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์–ด์š”.
08:02
A man is as likely as a woman to be intelligent,
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๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ๋†’์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€, ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€
08:04
to be creative, to be innovative.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
08:07
We have evolved;
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:08
but it seems to me that our ideas of gender had not evolved.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์  ๋”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ด€๋…์€ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
08:13
Some weeks ago, I walked into a lobby of one of the best Nigerian hotels.
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๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ์ „์— ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์ตœ์ƒ๊ธ‰ ํ˜ธํ…”์˜ ๋กœ๋น„์— ๊ฐ”์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:18
I thought about naming the hotel, but I thought I probably shouldn't.
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ํ˜ธํ…” ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ฐํž๊นŒ๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
08:21
And a guard at the entrance stopped me and asked me annoying questions,
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์ž…๊ตฌ์— ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒฝ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถฐ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ ๋Š” ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฌป๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:25
because their automatic assumption is
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์€
08:27
that a Nigerian female walking into a hotel alone is a sex worker.
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ํ˜ธํ…”์— ํ˜ผ์ž ์˜ค๋Š” ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ๋งค์ถ˜๋ถ€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
08:32
And by the way,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ํ˜ธํ…”๋“ค์€
08:34
why do these hotels focus on the ostensible supply
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์™œ ์„ฑ๋งค๋งค์—… ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ
08:37
rather than the demand for sex workers?
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์ธ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
08:41
In Lagos I cannot go alone into many "reputable" bars and clubs.
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๋ผ๊ณ ์Šค์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ๋Š” ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ํด๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๋ฐ”์— ์ถœ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
They just don't let you in if you're a woman alone,
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ํ˜ผ์ž ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด๋ฉด ๋“ค์—ฌ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃผ์งˆ ์•Š์•„์š”.
08:49
you have to be accompanied by a man.
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๋‚จ์ž์™€ ๋™ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
08:51
Each time I walk into a Nigerian restaurant with a man,
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๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์Œ์‹์ ์— ๋‚จ์ž์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
08:54
the waiter greets the man and ignores me.
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์›จ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ €๋Š” ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚จ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์ธ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
The waiters are products --
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์ด ์›จ์ดํ„ฐ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:00
At this some women felt like, "Yes! I thought that!"
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์–ด๋–ค ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ "๋‚˜๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด!"ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
09:03
The waiters are products of a society
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์ด ์›จ์ดํ„ฐ๋“ค์€
09:05
that has taught them that men are more important than women.
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๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
And I know that waiters don't intend any harm.
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์ด ์›จ์ดํ„ฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•…์˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ์•„์š”.
09:12
But it's one thing to know intellectually and quite another to feel it emotionally.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ฃ .
09:17
Each time they ignore me, I feel invisible.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ ˆ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํˆฌ๋ช…์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด์—์š”.
09:19
I feel upset.
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์†์ƒํ•ด์š”.
09:21
I want to tell them that I am just as human as the man,
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์ €๋„ ๋‚จ์ž๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ž„์„ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
09:24
that I'm just as worthy of acknowledgment.
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์ €๋„ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„์ค„ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
09:28
These are little things,
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์ด๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ
09:29
but sometimes it's the little things that sting the most.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ œ์ผ ์“ฐ๋ ค์š”.
09:33
And not long ago, I wrote an article
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ผ๋Š”๋ฐ
09:34
about what it means to be young and female in Lagos,
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๋ผ๊ณ ์Šค์—์„œ ์ Š์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ผ์–ด์š”.
09:38
and the printers told me,
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์ธ์‡„์†Œ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ
09:40
"It was so angry."
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"๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ถ„๋…ธ์— ์ฐจ ์žˆ์–ด์š”."
09:42
Of course it was angry!
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋ถ„๋…ธ์— ์ฐจ ์žˆ์ฃ !
09:44
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:48
I am angry.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ถ„๋…ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:50
Gender as it functions today is a grave injustice.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ณ„์€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑํ•ด์š”.
09:53
We should all be angry.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋…ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
09:55
Anger has a long history of bringing about positive change;
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๋ถ„๋…ธ๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ค€ ์˜ค๋žœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
but, in addition to being angry, I'm also hopeful.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ €๋Š” ๋ถ„๋…ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ํฌ๋ง๋„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
10:02
Because I believe deeply in the ability of human beings
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๊พธ๊ณ  ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”
10:05
to make and remake themselves for the better.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊นŠ์ด ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
Gender matters everywhere in the world,
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์„ฑ๋ณ„์€ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
but I want to focus on Nigeria
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
10:13
and on Africa in general,
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์ค‘์ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–˜๊ธฐํ• ๊ฒŒ์š”.
10:14
because it is where I know, and because it is where my heart is.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๊ณ  ์• ์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ์„œ์š”.
10:18
And I would like today to ask
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
10:20
that we begin to dream about and plan for a different world,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ์ƒ, ๋” ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ, ์ž์‹ ๋‹ต๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด
10:24
a fairer world,
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์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๊ณ 
10:28
a world of happier men and happier women who are truer to themselves.
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๊ทธ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์งœ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž๊ณ ์š”.
10:32
And this is how to start:
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
we must raise our daughters differently.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋”ธ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ‚ค์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
We must also raise our sons differently.
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์•„๋“ค๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ‚ค์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
We do a great disservice to boys on how we raise them;
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํฐ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…ํžˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
we stifle the humanity of boys.
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๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์–ต์••ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
We define masculinity in a very narrow way,
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๋‚จ์„ฑ์„ฑ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ํŽธํ˜‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜ํ•ด์„œ
10:48
masculinity becomes this hard, small cage
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๋‚จ์„ฑ์„ฑ์€ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ข์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
10:52
and we put boys inside the cage.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์ง‘์–ด๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
We teach boys to be afraid of fear.
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๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ 
10:57
We teach boys to be afraid of weakness, of vulnerability.
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๋‚˜์•ฝํ•จ๊ณผ ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•จ์„ ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
We teach them to mask their true selves,
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๋ณธ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์š”.
11:04
because they have to be, in Nigerian speak, "hard man!"
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๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž"๊ฐ€ ๋˜์•ผ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
11:10
In secondary school, a boy and a girl, both of them teenagers,
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์ค‘ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด์™€ ์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด๋Š” ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์‹ญ๋Œ€์ด๊ณ 
11:14
both of them with the same amount of pocket money, would go out
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ™์€ ์•ก์ˆ˜์˜ ์šฉ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด
11:17
and then the boy would be expected always to pay,
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๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ˆ์„ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์—ฐ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
to prove his masculinity.
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๋‚จ์„ฑ์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
11:23
And yet we wonder why boys are more likely to steal money from their parents.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ๋„ ์™œ ๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ˆ์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํ›”์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ดํ•˜์ฃ .
11:29
What if both boys and girls were raised
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด์™€ ์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ˆ์„ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ง“์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก
11:32
not to link masculinity with money?
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๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
11:35
What if the attitude was not "the boy has to pay"
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"๋‚จ์ž์• ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ด"์˜ ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:38
but rather "whoever has more should pay?"
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"๋ˆ์„ ๋” ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ด"๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
11:42
Now, of course because of that historical advantage,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
11:44
it is mostly men who will have more today,
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์— ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
but if we start raising children differently,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:49
then in fifty years, in a hundred years,
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50๋…„ ๋’ค์—๋Š”, 100๋…„ ๋’ค์—๋Š”
11:52
boys will no longer have the pressure of having to prove this masculinity.
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๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
But by far the worst thing we do to males,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์ง“์€
12:00
by making them feel that they have to be hard,
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๊ฐ•ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
12:02
is that we leave them with very fragile egos.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ž์•„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
The more "hard man" the man feels compelled to be,
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"๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž"๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์••๋ฐ•๊ฐ์„ ๋Š๋‚„์ˆ˜๋ก
12:11
the weaker his ego is.
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์ž์•„๋Š” ๋” ์•ฝํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
And then we do a much greater disservice to girls
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ํฐ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
because we raise them to cater to the fragile egos of men.
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๋‚จ์ž์˜ ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•œ ์ž์•„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œ์ผœ์ฃผ๋„๋ก ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
We teach girls to shrink themselves, to make themselves smaller,
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์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์›€์ธ ๋Ÿฌ๋“ค๋ผ๊ณ , ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋” ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์š”.
12:25
we say to girls,
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์š”.
12:27
"You can have ambition, but not too much."
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"์•ผ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋„ ์ข‹์ง€๋งŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€๋งˆ."
12:29
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:31
"You should aim to be successful, but not too successful,
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"์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ.
12:33
otherwise you would threaten the man."
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์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‚จ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ผ."
12:36
If you are the breadwinner in your relationship with a man,
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๋‚จ์ž์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ด๋ฉด
12:39
you have to pretend that you're not,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ฒ™ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
especially in public,
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ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ๋Š”์š”.
12:43
otherwise you will emasculate him.
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์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‚จ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ฃฝ์ผ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
12:46
But what if we question the premise itself?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „์ œ ์ž์ฒด์— ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
12:48
Why should a woman's success be a threat to a man?
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์™œ ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ด ๋‚จ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ ?
12:53
What if we decide to simply dispose of that word,
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
12:56
and I don't think there's an English word I dislike more than "emasculation."
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์ €๋Š” "๋‚จ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ฃฝ์ธ๋‹ค"๋Š” ๋ง์ด ์ œ์ผ ์‹ซ์–ด์š”.
13:02
A Nigerian acquaintance once asked me
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๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์ธ์ธ ํ•œ ์ง€์ธ์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ
13:04
if I was worried that men would be intimidated by me.
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๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ € ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ ์ฃฝ์„๊นŒ๋ด ๊ฑฑ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
13:08
I was not worried at all.
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์ €๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ๊ฑฑ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
13:10
In fact, it had not occurred to me to be worried
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์ ๋„ ์—†์–ด์š”.
13:12
because a man who would be intimidated by me
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์ € ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์„ ๋‚จ์ž๋Š”
13:14
is exactly the kind of man I would have no interest in.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๋„ ์—†์„ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
13:17
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:18
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:25
But still I was really struck by this.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ €๋Š” ๋†€๋ž์–ด์š”.
13:29
Because I'm female, I'm expected to aspire to marriage;
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž์ด๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๊ธธ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฐ›์•„์š”.
13:33
I'm expected to make my life choices
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ด ์ œ์ผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ
13:35
always keeping in mind that marriage is the most important.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘๊ณ  ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋“ค์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
13:39
A marriage can be a good thing;
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์€ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ด์š”.
13:41
it can be a source of joy and love and mutual support.
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๊ณผ, ์„œ๋กœ ์‘์›ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์›์ฒœ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:46
But why do we teach girls to aspire to marriage
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์™œ ๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
13:48
and we don't teach boys the same?
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์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์„ ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ ?
13:52
I know a woman who decided to sell her house
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ํ•œ ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”
13:54
because she didn't want to intimidate a man who might marry her.
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๋‚จ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ง‘์„ ํŒ”์•˜์–ด์š”.
13:59
I know an unmarried woman in Nigeria who, when she goes to conferences,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์ธ ๋ฏธํ˜ผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ํšŒ์˜์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
14:04
wears a wedding ring
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๋ฐ˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์š”.
14:05
because according to her,
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๊ทธ๋…€ ๋ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
14:06
she wants the other participants in the conference to "give her respect."
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ์˜ ์ฐธ์„์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
14:11
I know young women who are under so much pressure
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ์ Š์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ
14:14
from family, from friends, even from work to get married,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ ,
14:18
and they're pushed to make terrible choices.
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๋”์ฐํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์š”๋ฐ›์•„์š”.
14:21
A woman at a certain age who is unmarried,
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ํŠน์ • ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ๋œ ๋ฏธํ˜ผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„
14:23
our society teaches her to see it as a deep, personal failure.
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์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์‹คํŒจ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋„๋ก ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:28
And a man at a certain age who is unmarried,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ๋œ ๋ฏธํ˜ผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์€
14:31
we just think he hasn't come around to making his pick.
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์•„์ง ์„ ํƒ์„ ์•ˆ ํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
14:34
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:36
It's easy for us to say,
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๋ง์€ ์‰ฌ์›Œ์š”.
14:37
"Oh, but women can just say no to all of this."
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"์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์‹ซ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜์ž–์•„."
14:40
But the reality is more difficult and more complex.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ๋” ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์š”.
14:43
We're all social beings.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ์กด์žฌ์˜ˆ์š”.
14:44
We internalize ideas from our socialization.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ด€๋…์„ ๋‚ด๋ฉดํ™”ํ•ด์š”.
14:47
Even the language we use
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
14:49
in talking about marriage and relationships illustrates this.
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ง์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์š”.
14:52
The language of marriage is often the language of ownership
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์†Œ์œ ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ˆ์š”.
14:55
rather than the language of partnership.
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๋™๋ฐ˜์ž์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์š”.
14:58
We use the word "respect"
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ "์กด์ค‘"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ
15:01
to mean something a woman shows a man
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์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์จ์š”.
15:04
but often not something a man shows a woman.
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๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž˜ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
15:07
Both men and women in Nigeria will say --
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๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์— ์—ฌ์ž์™€ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
15:10
this is an expression I'm very amused by --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:12
"I did it for peace in my marriage."
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"๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ํ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์–ด."
15:16
Now, when men say it,
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๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด
15:17
it is usually about something that they should not be doing anyway.
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์ฃผ๋กœ ์–ด์ฐจํ”ผ ํ•ด์„  ์•ˆ ๋  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
15:21
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
15:22
Sometimes they say it to their friends,
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
it's something to say to their friends in a kind of fondly exasperated way,
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๊ฒฝ๋ง์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
15:29
you know, something that ultimately proves how masculine they are,
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์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋‚จ์ž๋‹ค์šด์ง€, ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์กด์žฌ์ด๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๋ฐ›๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ
15:32
how needed, how loved.
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์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
15:34
"Oh, my wife said I can't go to the club every night,
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"์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง‘์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งค์ผ ํด๋Ÿฝ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
15:36
so for peace in my marriage, I do it only on weekends."
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๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ํ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋ง์—๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋…€."
15:39
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
15:41
Now, when a woman says, "I did it for peace in my marriage,"
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์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ "๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ํ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•
15:45
she's usually talking about giving up a job,
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์ฃผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
์ง์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฟˆ์ด๋‚˜
15:49
a dream,
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15:50
a career.
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๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์ด์š”.
15:52
We teach females that in relationships,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
15:55
compromise is what women do.
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์–‘๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:58
We raise girls to see each other as competitors --
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์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋„๋ก ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š”๋ฐ
16:01
not for jobs or for accomplishments, which I think can be a good thing,
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์ œ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ์ข‹์€ ์ชฝ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ฑ์ทจ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
16:04
but for attention of men.
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๋‚จ์ž์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์š”.
16:07
We teach girls that they cannot be sexual beings
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€
16:10
in the way that boys are.
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๋˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด์š”.
16:12
If we have sons, we don't mind knowing about our sons' girlfriends.
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์•„๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์•„๋“ค์˜ ์—ฌ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•Œ์•„๋„ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์•ˆ ์“ฐ์ง€๋งŒ
16:16
But our daughters' boyfriends? God forbid.
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๋”ธ์˜ ๋‚จ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š”์š”? ํฐ์ผ๋‚˜์ฃ .
16:18
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
16:20
But of course when the time is right,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ ๋‹นํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด
16:22
we expect those girls to bring back the perfect man to be their husbands.
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๊ทธ ๋”ธ๋“ค์ด ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž๋ฅผ ๋‚จํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค์˜ค๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:26
We police girls, we praise girls for virginity,
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒ˜๋…€์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์นญ์ฐฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
16:29
but we don't praise boys for virginity,
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๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋™์ •์ธ ๊ฑด ์นญ์ฐฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
16:31
and it's always made me wonder how exactly this is supposed to work out because ...
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด...
16:35
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
16:37
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
16:45
I mean, the loss of virginity is usually a process that involves ...
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ์ฒ˜๋…€์„ฑ์„ ์žƒ๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด์ž–์•„์š”.
16:50
Recently a young woman was gang raped in a university in Nigeria,
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ํ•œ ์ Š์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ•๊ฐ„์„ ๋‹นํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:54
I think some of us know about that.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์€ ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
16:56
And the response of many young Nigerians, both male and female,
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๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์€ ๋‚จ์ž ์—ฌ์ž ๊ฐ€๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ ์—†์ด
16:59
was something along the lines of this:
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜€์–ด์š”.
17:02
"Yes, rape is wrong.
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"๋งž์•„, ๊ฐ•๊ฐ„์€ ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
17:04
But what is a girl doing in a room with four boys?"
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ž์• ๊ฐ€ 4๋ช…์˜ ๋‚จ์ž์• ๋ž‘ ์™œ ๋ฐฉ์— ๊ฐ™์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ?"
17:08
Now, if we can forget the horrible inhumanity of that response,
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์ด ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋น„์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์ž ์‹œ ์žŠ๊ณ ,
17:13
these Nigerians have been raised to think of women as inherently guilty,
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์ด ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ฃ„์ธ ์กด์žฌ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ณ 
17:19
and they have been raised to expect so little of men
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๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ‚ค์›Œ์กŒ์–ด์š”.
17:22
that the idea of men as savage beings without any control
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๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์ œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์•ผ๋งŒ์ ์ธ ์กด์žฌ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด
17:26
is somehow acceptable.
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์–ด์ฐŒ์–ด์ฐŒํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
17:28
We teach girls shame.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์š”.
17:30
"Close your legs." "Cover yourself."
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"๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์˜ค๋ฏ€๋ ค." "๋ชธ ์ข€ ๊ฐ€๋ ค."
17:33
We make them feel as though by being born female
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ฃ„์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
17:35
they're already guilty of something.
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๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:37
And so, girls grow up to be women
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์š•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ
17:40
who cannot see they have desire.
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์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:42
They grow up to be women who silence themselves.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์นจ๋ฌตํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋˜๊ณ ,
17:46
They grow up to be women who cannot say what they truly think,
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์ž์‹ ์ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:50
and they grow up --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ์ง“ ์ค‘์— ์ œ์ผ ์ตœ์•…์ธ๋ฐ
17:51
and this is the worst thing we did to girls --
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17:53
they grow up to be women who have turned pretense into an art form.
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์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์‹์„ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์‹œํ‚จ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:58
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
18:04
I know a woman who hates domestic work,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ํ•œ ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ์„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•ด์š”.
18:07
she just hates it,
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•ด์š”.
18:09
but she pretends that she likes it,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ™ ํ•˜์ฃ .
18:12
because she's been taught that to be "good wife material"
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ "์ข‹์€ ์•„๋‚ด์˜ ์ž์งˆ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์› ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
18:16
she has to be -- to use that Nigerian word --
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๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์–ด์—์„œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ
18:18
very "homely."
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"๊ฐ€์ •์ "์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
18:21
And then she got married,
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ
18:22
and after a while her husband's family began to complain that she had changed.
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์–ผ๋งˆ ํ›„์— ์‹œ๋Œ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
18:26
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
18:28
Actually, she had not changed,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
18:29
she just got tired of pretending.
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์•„๋‹Œ ์ฒ™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง€์ณค์„ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
18:32
The problem with gender,
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์„ฑ๋ณ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
18:35
is that it prescribes how we should be
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค
18:38
rather than recognizing how we are.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:41
Now imagine how much happier we would be,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด์งˆ์ง€
18:43
how much freer to be our true individual selves,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋” ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ž๊ธฐ๋‹ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
18:47
if we didn't have the weight of gender expectations.
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์„ฑ ์—ญํ•  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
18:51
Boys and girls are undeniably different biologically,
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์—ฌ์ž์™€ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ถ€์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
18:55
but socialization exaggerates the differences
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์‚ฌํšŒํ™”๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ด์„œ
18:58
and then it becomes a self-fulfilling process.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž์„ฑ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:01
Now, take cooking for example.
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์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
19:04
Today women in general are more likely to do the housework than men,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:07
the cooking and cleaning.
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์š”๋ฆฌ๋ž‘ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ž‘์š”.
19:08
But why is that?
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๊ทผ๋ฐ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
19:10
Is it because women are born with a cooking gene?
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์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์š”๋ฆฌ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
19:13
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
19:14
Or because over years they have been socialized to see cooking as their role?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์—ญํ• ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋„๋ก ์‚ฌํšŒํ™”๋˜์–ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
19:19
Actually, I was going to say that maybe women are born with a cooking gene,
383
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์š”๋ฆฌ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
19:22
until I remember that the majority of the famous cooks in the world,
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๊ทผ๋ฐ "์…ฐํ”„"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฒˆ์ง€๋ฅด๋ฅดํ•œ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋‹จ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์š”๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด
19:26
whom we give the fancy title of "chefs,"
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋‚จ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋”๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
19:28
are men.
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19:30
I used to look up to my grandmother
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ์กด๊ฒฝํ–ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
19:32
who was a brilliant, brilliant woman,
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์ •๋ง ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด์…จ์–ด์š”.
19:34
and wonder how she would have been
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์ž๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ
19:36
if she had the same opportunities as men when she was growing up.
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์–ป์œผ์…จ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋– ์…จ์„์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด์š”.
19:40
Now today, there are many more opportunities for women
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋Š” ์ œ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์‹œ๋˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ณด๋‹ค
19:43
than there were during my grandmother's time
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:45
because of changes in policy, changes in law,
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์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋•๋ถ„์ด์ฃ .
19:48
all of which are very important.
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๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์—์š”.
19:49
But what matters even more is our attitude, our mindset,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํƒœ๋„์™€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:54
what we believe and what we value about gender.
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์  ๋”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ฐ€์น˜์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์š”.
19:57
What if in raising children
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์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ํ‚ค์šธ ๋•Œ
20:00
we focus on ability instead of gender?
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์„ฑ๋ณ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
20:03
What if in raising children we focus on interest instead of gender?
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์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ํ‚ค์šธ ๋•Œ ์„ฑ๋ณ„๋ณด๋‹ค ์•„์ด์˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
20:08
I know a family who have a son and a daughter,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ์•„๋“ค๊ณผ ๋”ธ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:11
both of whom are brilliant at school,
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๊ณ 
20:12
who are wonderful, lovely children.
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๊ต‰์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด์—์š”.
20:14
When the boy is hungry, the parents say to the girl,
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๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํŒŒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์š”.
20:17
"Go and cook Indomie noodles for your brother."
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"๊ฐ€์„œ ์˜ค๋น ํ•œํ…Œ ์ธ๋„๋ฏธ ๋ผ๋ฉด ์ข€ ๋“์—ฌ๋‹ค ์ค˜."
20:19
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
20:20
Now, the daughter doesn't particularly like to cook Indomie noodles,
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์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด๋Š” ๋”ฑํžˆ ์ธ๋„๋ฏธ ๋ผ๋ฉด์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
20:24
but she's a girl, and so she has to.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ž๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋“์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
20:27
Now, what if the parents,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์ด ์• ์ดˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
20:29
from the beginning,
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20:30
taught both the boy and the girl to cook Indomie?
410
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์•„๋“ค๊ณผ ๋”ธ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ธ๋„๋ฏธ ๋ผ๋ฉด์„ ๋“์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋• ์„๊นŒ์š”?
20:35
Cooking, by the way, is a very useful skill for boys to have.
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์š”๋ฆฌํ•  ์ค„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด์—์š”.
20:38
I've never thought it made sense to leave such a crucial thing,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑธ ๋นผ๋†“๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ €๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
20:43
the ability to nourish oneself --
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์˜์–‘๋ถ„์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„
20:45
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
20:46
in the hands of others.
415
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๋‚จ์˜ ์†์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์š”.
20:48
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
20:53
I know a woman who has the same degree and the same job as her husband.
417
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ๋‚จํŽธ๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ํ•™์œ„์™€ ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:57
When they get back from work, she does most of the housework,
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ํ‡ด๊ทผํ•ด์„œ ์ง‘์— ์˜ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ง‘์•ˆ์ผ์„ ๋‹ค ํ•ด์š”.
21:00
which I think is true for many marriages.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
21:02
But what struck me about them
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋†€๋ž๋˜ ๊ฑด
21:04
was that whenever her husband changed the baby's diaper,
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๋‚จํŽธ์ด ์•„๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ €๊ท€๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
21:07
she said "thank you" to him.
422
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์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚จํŽธ์—๊ฒŒ "๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
21:10
Now, what if she saw this as perfectly normal and natural
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์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฑธ ๋งค์šฐ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ฒผ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋• ์„๊นŒ์š”?
21:15
that he should, in fact, care for his child?
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๋‚จ์ž๋„ ์ž๊ธฐ ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒผ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
21:18
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
21:21
I'm trying to unlearn many of the lessons of gender
426
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚ด๋ฉดํ™”ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์  ๋”์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
21:25
that I internalized when I was growing up.
427
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ํƒˆํ”ผํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:27
But I sometimes still feel very vulnerable in the face of gender expectations.
428
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง๋„ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์„ฑ ์—ญํ•  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ์•ž์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์ ธ์š”.
21:32
The first time I taught a writing class in graduate school,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์—์„œ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์„ ๋•Œ
21:36
I was worried.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฑฑ์ •์ด ๋์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
21:37
I wasn't worried about the material I would teach
431
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น  ๋‚ด์šฉ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฑฑ์ •๋๋˜ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
21:39
because I was well-prepared,
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์ˆ˜์—…์ค€๋น„๋„ ์ž˜ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
21:41
and I was going to teach what I enjoy teaching.
433
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ธฐ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
21:43
Instead, I was worried about what to wear.
434
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๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ž…์„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฑ์ •์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
21:46
I wanted to be taken seriously.
435
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์ ˆ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋žฌ์–ด์š”.
21:49
I knew that because I was female
436
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ž์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
21:50
I will automatically have to prove my worth.
437
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์ž๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
21:55
And I was worried that if I looked too feminine,
438
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉด ์ €๋ฅผ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ๋ด
21:57
I would not be taken seriously.
439
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๊ฑฑ์ •๋์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
21:59
I really wanted to wear my shiny lip gloss and my girly skirt,
440
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๋ฐ˜์ง์ด๋Š” ๋ฆฝ๊ธ€๋กœ์Šค์™€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์น˜๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ์ž…๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
22:03
but I decided not to.
441
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์ž…์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
22:05
Instead, I wore a very serious,
442
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ 
22:07
very manly and very ugly suit.
443
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๋‚จ์„ฑ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ชป์ƒ๊ธด ์ •์žฅ์„ ์ž…์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
22:10
(Laughter)
444
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1496
(์›ƒ์Œ)
22:11
Because the sad truth is that when it comes to appearance
445
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์™ธ๋ชจ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์Šฌํ”ˆ ์ง„์‹ค์€
22:14
we start off with men as the standard, as the norm.
446
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๋‚จ์„ฑ์„ ํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ˆ์š”.
22:17
If a man is getting ready for a business meeting,
447
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๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์˜์— ๊ฐˆ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
22:20
he doesn't worry about looking too masculine
448
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์„œ
22:22
and therefore not being taken for granted.
449
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2496
์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ• ๊นŒ๋ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์—†์–ด์š”.
22:24
If a woman has to get ready for business meeting,
450
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์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ํšŒ์˜์— ๊ฐˆ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋Š”
22:27
she has to worry about looking too feminine
451
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”์ง€, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋น„์ถฐ์งˆ์ง€
22:30
and what it says and whether or not she will be taken seriously.
452
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์ž๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ•ด์ค„์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
22:35
I wish I had not worn that ugly suit that day.
453
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‚  ๋ชป์ƒ๊ธด ์ •์žฅ์„ ์ž…์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑธ ํ›„ํšŒํ•ด์š”.
22:39
I've actually banished it from my closet, by the way.
454
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์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์˜ท์€ ์˜ท์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋‹ค ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
22:42
Had I then the confidence that I have now to be myself,
455
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ–๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์šธ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ทธ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด
22:47
my students would have benefited even more from my teaching,
456
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2936
ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ œ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑธ ์–ป์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
22:50
because I would have been more comfortable
457
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2056
์ €๋Š” ๋” ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ผˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ณ 
22:52
and more fully and more truly myself.
458
1372420
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์˜จ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ €๋‹ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
22:55
I have chosen to no longer be apologetic for my femaleness
459
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์ €๋Š” ๋”์ด์ƒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ์—
22:59
and for my femininity.
460
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๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
23:01
(Applause)
461
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
23:07
And I want to be respected in all of my femaleness
462
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2856
์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ฑ์„ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กด์ค‘๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
23:10
because I deserve to be.
463
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์ €๋Š” ์กด์ค‘๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
23:13
Gender is not an easy conversation to have.
464
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์  ๋”๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”.
23:16
For both men and women,
465
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ๋‚˜
23:18
to bring up gender is sometimes to encounter almost immediate resistance.
466
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3936
์  ๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊บผ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:22
I can imagine some people here are actually thinking,
467
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
23:25
"Women too do sef."
468
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1920
"์—ฌ์ž๋„ ์Šค์™‘๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ํ•˜์ž–์•„."
23:29
Some of the men here might be thinking,
469
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
23:31
"OK, all of this is interesting,
470
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1736
"๋‹ค ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
23:33
but I don't think like that."
471
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ."
23:35
And that is part of the problem.
472
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:38
That many men do not actively think about gender
473
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2976
๋งŽ์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์  ๋”์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
23:41
or notice gender
474
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์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„
23:42
is part of the problem of gender.
475
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2016
์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:44
That many men, say, like my friend Louis,
476
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2656
๋งŽ์€ ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ ๋ฃจ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ด์   ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๊ณ 
23:47
that everything is fine now.
477
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ณ 
23:49
And that many men do nothing to change it.
478
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2856
๋งŽ์€ ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ˆ์š”.
23:52
If you are a man and you walk into a restaurant with a woman
479
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋‚จ์ž์ธ๋ฐ ์—ฌ์ž์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์Œ์‹์ ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ
23:55
and the waiter greets only you,
480
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์›จ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ์ธ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
23:58
does it occur to you to ask the waiter,
481
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์›จ์ดํ„ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
24:00
"Why haven't you greeted her?"
482
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"์™œ ์—ฌ์ž์—๊ฒ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ ํ•˜์ฃ ?"
24:05
Because gender can be --
483
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์„ฑ๋ณ„์€...
24:06
(Laughter)
484
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
24:16
Actually, we may repose part of a longer version of this talk.
485
1456700
4496
์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์˜ ๋” ๊ธด ๋ฒ„์ „์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐ์–ด๋„ ๋  ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
24:21
So, because gender can be a very uncomfortable conversation to have,
486
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์„ฑ๋ณ„์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
24:24
there are very easy ways to close it, to close the conversation.
487
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๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:27
So some people will bring up evolutionary biology and apes,
488
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4176
์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ง„ํ™”์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™๊ณผ ์›์ˆญ์ด ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊บผ๋‚ด์š”.
24:32
how, you know, female apes bow down to male apes
489
1472140
3656
์›์ˆญ์ด๋Š” ์•”์ปท์ด ์ˆ˜์ปทํ•œํ…Œ ์—Ž๋“œ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š”
24:35
and that sort of thing.
490
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋“ค์„์š”.
24:37
But the point is we're not apes.
491
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2056
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์›์ˆญ์ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ž€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
24:39
(Laughter)
492
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
24:41
(Applause)
493
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
24:45
Apes also live on trees and have earthworms for breakfast,
494
1485980
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์›์ˆญ์ด๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์œ„์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์•„์นจ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋จน์–ด์š”.
24:50
and we don't.
495
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”.
24:53
Some people will say, "Well, poor men also have a hard time."
496
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•ด์š”. "๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž๋„ ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„."
24:57
And this is true.
497
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๋งž๋Š” ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
24:59
But that is not what this --
498
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š”
25:01
(Laughter)
499
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
25:02
But this is not what this conversation is about.
500
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
25:06
Gender and class are different forms of oppression.
501
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์„ฑ๋ณ„๊ณผ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์–ต์••์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:10
I actually learned quite a bit about systems of oppression
502
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3656
์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ‘์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์–ต์••์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€
25:13
and how they can be blind to one another
503
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
25:16
by talking to black men.
504
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๊ฝค ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑธ ๋ฐฐ์› ์–ด์š”.
25:19
I was once talking to a black man about gender
505
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์€ ํ‘์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
25:22
and he said to me,
506
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1376
๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ
25:23
"Why do you have to say 'my experience as a woman'?
507
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3456
"์™œ '์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ' ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์•ผ?
25:27
Why can't it be
508
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'์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ' ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ?
25:28
'your experience as a human being'?"
509
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1880
25:31
Now, this was the same man
510
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1256
ํ‘์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”
25:32
who would often talk about his experience as a black man.
511
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์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ €๋ž‘ ์ข…์ข… ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„์š”.
25:39
Gender matters.
512
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์„ฑ๋ณ„์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:40
Men and women experience the world differently.
513
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๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์š”.
25:42
Gender colors the way we experience the world.
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์„ฑ๋ณ„์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ƒ‰๊น”์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:45
But we can change that.
515
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
25:48
Some people will say,
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1548340
1936
์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
25:50
"Oh, but women have the real power,
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"๊ทผ๋ฐ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ž–์•„.
25:52
bottom power."
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์•„๋žซ๋„๋ฆฌ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ."
25:54
And for non-Nigerians, bottom power is an expression
519
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๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„์ธ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์•„๋žซ๋„๋ฆฌ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์€
25:57
which I suppose means something like a woman
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š”
25:59
who uses her sexuality to get favors from men.
521
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๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ์นœ์ ˆ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:03
But bottom power is not power at all.
522
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์•„๋žซ๋„๋ฆฌ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
26:08
Bottom power means that a woman
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์•„๋žซ๋„๋ฆฌ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด
26:11
simply has a good root to tap into, from time to time --
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๊ฐ€๋”์”ฉ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐ‘๋‘ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์—์š”.
26:13
somebody else's power.
525
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:16
And then, of course, we have to wonder
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ถ๊ธˆ์ฆ๋„ ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:18
what happens when that somebody else is in a bad mood,
527
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๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ์•ˆ ์ข‹์€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
26:21
or sick
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์•„ํ”„๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
26:22
or impotent.
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๊ณ ์ž์ด๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€.
26:24
(Laughter)
530
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
26:27
Some people will say that a woman being subordinate to a man is our culture.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ข…์†๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
26:34
But culture is constantly changing.
532
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•ด์š”.
26:36
I have beautiful twin nieces who are fifteen and live in Lagos.
533
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์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ผ๊ณ ์Šค์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์œ 15์‚ด์งœ๋ฆฌ ์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด ์กฐ์นด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
26:41
If they had been born a hundred years ago
534
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์กฐ์นด๋“ค์ด 100๋…„ ์ „์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
26:43
they would have been taken away and killed.
535
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๋Œ๋ ค๊ฐ€์„œ ์ฒ˜ํ˜•๋‹นํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
26:45
Because it was our culture, it was our culture to kill twins.
536
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์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜€์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
26:50
So what is the point of culture?
537
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ ?
26:53
I mean there's the decorative,
538
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์ถค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ™”๋ คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฌธํ™”์ง€๋งŒ
26:54
the dancing ...
539
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26:56
but also, culture really is about preservation and continuity of a people.
540
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๋™์‹œ์— ๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ณด์กด๊ณผ ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—์š”.
27:01
In my family,
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์ œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€
27:02
I am the child who is most interested in the story of who we are,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:05
in our traditions,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต๊ณผ ์„ ์กฐ์˜ ๋•…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„์š”.
27:06
in the knowledge about ancestral lands.
544
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27:09
My brothers are not as interested as I am.
545
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์ œ ํ˜•์ œ๋“ค์€ ์ €๋งŒํผ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:11
But I cannot participate,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๊ณ 
27:14
I cannot go to umunna meetings,
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2016
์šฐ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ํšŒ์˜์—๋„ ์ฐธ์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ 
27:16
I cannot have a say.
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๋ฐœ์–ธ๊ถŒ๋„ ์—†์–ด์š”.
27:17
Because I'm female.
549
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์—ฌ์ž๋ผ์„œ์š”.
27:19
Culture does not make people,
550
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๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:22
people make culture.
551
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:24
So if it is in fact true --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ •๋ง๋กœ
27:26
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
27:30
So if it is in fact true
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ •๋ง๋กœ
27:31
that the full humanity of women is not our culture,
555
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋‹ต๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด,
27:34
then we must make it our culture.
556
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผํ•ด์š”.
27:37
I think very often of my dear friend, Okoloma Maduewesi.
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์ €๋Š” ์ž์ฃผ ์ œ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ์ธ ์˜ค์ฝœ๋กœ๋งˆ ๋งˆ๋‘์—์›จ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:43
May he and all the others who passed away in that Sosoliso crash
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์†Œ์†”๋ฆฌ์†Œ ์—ฌ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ์ถ”๋ฝ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ฃฝ์€ ์˜ค์ฝœ๋กœ๋งˆ์™€ ๋ชจ๋“  ํฌ์ƒ์ž๋“ค์ด
27:47
continue to rest in peace.
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ํŽธํžˆ ์ž ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋ฅผ.
27:50
He will always be remembered by those of us who loved him.
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์˜ค์ฝœ๋กœ๋งˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ์˜์›ํžˆ ๋‚จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:54
And he was right that day many years ago when he called me a feminist.
561
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋…„ ์ „ ๊ทธ ๋‚  ์ ˆ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅธ ๊ฑด ๋งž๋Š” ๋ง์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
27:59
I am a feminist.
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์ €๋Š” ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ˆ์š”.
28:01
And when I looked up the word in the dictionary that day,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋‚  ์‚ฌ์ „์—์„œ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ
28:03
this is what it said:
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ ํ˜€์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:05
"Feminist: a person who believes in the social, political
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"ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ: ์„ฑ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ , ์ •์น˜์ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํ‰๋“ฑ์„
28:08
and economic equality of the sexes."
566
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์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ"
28:12
My great grandmother, from the stories I've heard,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์€ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ œ ์ฆ์กฐํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š”
28:15
was a feminist.
568
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ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ์ด์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:16
She ran away from the house of the man she did not want to marry
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์ฆ์กฐํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๋‚จ์ž์˜ ์ง‘์—์„œ ๋„๋ง์ณ์„œ
28:20
and ended up marrying the man of her choice.
570
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž์™€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:22
She refused, she protested, she spoke up
571
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์ฆ์กฐํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋•…๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
28:25
whenever she felt she was being deprived of access, of land, that sort of thing.
572
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์ ‘๊ทผ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚„ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ญ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
28:31
My great grandmother did not know that word "feminist,"
573
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์ œ ์ฆ์กฐํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” "ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด์…จ์ง€๋งŒ
28:34
but it doesn't mean that she wasn't one.
574
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์…จ๋˜ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”.
28:37
More of us should reclaim that word.
575
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋˜์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:41
My own definition of feminist is:
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ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ์ •์˜๋Š”
28:45
"A feminist is a man or a woman
577
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"ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”
28:47
who says --
578
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๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค.
28:49
(Laughter)
579
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
28:52
(Applause)
580
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
28:58
A feminist is a man or a woman who says,
581
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ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค.
29:01
"Yes, there's a problem with gender as it is today,
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"ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์—๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด.
29:05
and we must fix it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ด๊ฑธ ๊ณ ์ณ์•ผ ํ•ด.
29:06
We must do better."
584
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๋” ๋‚˜์•„์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ด."
29:09
The best feminist I know
585
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š”
29:11
is my brother Kene.
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์ œ ํ˜•์ œ์ธ ์ผ€๋„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:14
He's also a kind, good-looking, lovely man,
587
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์ฐฉํ•œ ๋ฐ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ž˜์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋‚จ์ž์˜ˆ์š”.
29:18
and he's very masculine.
588
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํž˜๋„ ์„ธ์š”.
29:21
Thank you.
589
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:22
(Applause)
590
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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