Steven Cowley: Fusion is energy's future

116,231 views ・ 2009-12-22

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Hyun-Tae Kim κ²€ν† : Sanghoon Lee
00:15
The key question is, "When are we going to get fusion?"
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핡심 μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. "ν•΅μœ΅ν•©μ€ κ³Όμ—° μ–Έμ œ μ‹€ν˜„λ κΉŒμš”?"
00:20
It's really been a long time since we've known about fusion.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•΅μœ΅ν•© λ°˜μ‘μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œκ²Œ 된 것은 κ½€ μ˜€λž˜λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
We've known about fusion since 1920,
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인λ₯˜λŠ” μ•„μ„œ μŠ€νƒ λ¦¬ 에딩턴 κ²½κ³Ό
00:25
when Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington
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μ˜κ΅­κ³Όν•™μ§„ν₯ν˜‘νšŒ(BAAS)κ°€
00:27
and the British Association for the Advancement of Science
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νƒœμ–‘μ΄ 빛을 λ°œμ‚°ν•˜λŠ” 원인이 ν•΅μœ΅ν•©μ΄λΌκ³  μΆ”μΈ‘ν–ˆλ˜
00:30
conjectured that that's why the sun shines.
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1920λ…„λΆ€ν„° ν•΅μœ΅ν•©μ˜ 쑴재λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
I've always been very worried about resource.
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μ €λŠ” 였래 μ „λΆ€ν„° μžμ›μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 걱정이 λ§Žμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
I don't know about you, but
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 어떀지 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ,
00:38
when my mother gave me food,
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μ „ μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ°€ 먹을 κ±Έ μ£Όμ‹œλ©΄
00:40
I always sorted the ones I disliked
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항상 μ‹«μ–΄ν•˜λŠ” 것뢀터 μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒκΉŒμ§€
00:43
from the ones I liked.
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정렬해놓곀 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
And I ate the disliked ones first,
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그리곀 μ‹«μ–΄ν•˜λŠ” κ±Έ λ¨Όμ € λ¨Ήμ—ˆλŠ”λ°,
00:47
because the ones you like, you want to save.
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μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” κ±Έ 아껴놓고 싢은 μ‹¬λ¦¬λž„κΉŒμš”.
00:51
And as a child you're always worried about resource.
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마치 μ–΄λ¦°μ΄μ²˜λŸΌ, 항상 μžμ›μ— λŒ€ν•΄ κ±±μ •ν•˜κ³  있죠.
00:54
And once it was sort of explained to me
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 빨리
00:57
how fast we were using up the world's resources,
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μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ μžμ›μ„ μ†Œμ§„ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ,
01:01
I got very upset,
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맀우 ν™”κ°€ λ‚¬μ—ˆλŠ”λ°,
01:03
about as upset as I did when I realized
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마치 νƒœμ–‘μ΄ 지ꡬλ₯Ό 삼킬 λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€
01:05
that the Earth will only last about five billion years
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50μ–΅ 년밖에 남지 μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을
01:07
before it's swallowed by the sun.
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μ•Œμ•˜μ„ λ•Œμ²˜λŸΌ ν™”κ°€ λ‚¬μ—ˆμ£ .
01:10
Big events in my life,
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제 인생에선 μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μΌμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
a strange child.
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κ΄΄μ§œμ˜€μ£ .
01:15
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:16
Energy, at the moment, is dominated by resource.
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ν˜„μž¬, μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŠ” μžμ›μ΄ μ§€λ°°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
The countries that make a lot of money out of energy
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ‘œ λˆμ„ λ²„λŠ” λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ€
01:22
have something underneath them.
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μ§€ν•˜μ— λ§Žμ€ μžμ›μ„ κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
Coal-powered industrial revolution in this country --
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μ˜κ΅­μ—μ„œ μ‚°μ—…ν˜λͺ…을 일으켰던 석탄,
01:29
oil, gas, sorry.
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μ„μœ , κ°€μŠ€(!), μ£„μ†‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:36
Gas, I'm probably the only person
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κ°€μŠ€, μ•„λ§ˆλ„ μ €λŠ” ν‘Έν‹΄ 씨가
01:38
who really enjoys it when Mister Putin
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κ°€μŠ€ 곡급을 λŠμ–΄λ²„λ¦¬λŠ” κ±Έ 즐긴
01:40
turns off the gas tap, because my budget goes up.
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μœ μΌν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμΌ 것 같은데, μ˜ˆμ‚°μ΄ μ¦μ•‘λ˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
01:43
We're really dominated now
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ν˜„μž¬ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ •λ§λ‘œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 점점 더 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ†ŒλΉ„ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”
01:48
by those things that we're using up faster and faster and faster.
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이런 μžμ›μ— 지배λ₯Ό λ°›κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
And as we try to lift billions of people out of poverty
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 제 3 세계와 κ°œλ°œλ„μƒκ΅­μ—μ„œ μˆ˜μ‹­μ–΅ λͺ…을
01:56
in the Third World, in the developing world,
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λΉˆκ³€μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° κ΅¬μ œν•˜λ €κ³  μ• λ₯Ό μ“°λŠ” κ°€μš΄λ°,
02:00
we're using energy faster and faster.
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό 점차 더 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ†ŒλΉ„ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:02
And those resources are going away.
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그리고 κ·Έ μžμ›λ“€μ€ 사라져 κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
And the way we'll make energy in the future
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŠ”
02:06
is not from resource,
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μžμ›μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
02:09
it's really from knowledge.
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μ§€μ‹μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜¬ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
If you look 50 years into the future,
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 50λ…„ ν›„λ₯Ό λ‚΄λ‹€λ³Ό 경우,
02:14
the way we probably will be making energy
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법은
02:16
is probably one of these three,
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λ‹€μŒ μ„Έ 가지 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μΌ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
with some wind, with some other things,
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풍λ ₯μ΄λ‚˜, κ·Έ μ™Έ λ‹€λ₯Έ 것듀을 보쑰 μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ›μœΌλ‘œ μ“°κ² μ§€λ§Œ
02:21
but these are going to be the base load energy drivers.
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이 μ„Έ 가지가 근본적인 λŒ€μš©λŸ‰ μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ›μ΄ 될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
Solar can do it, and we certainly have to develop solar.
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νƒœμ–‘κ΄‘ λ°œμ „λ„ μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ κ°œλ°œν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 것 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
But we have a lot of knowledge to gain before we can make solar
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ νƒœμ–‘κ΄‘ λ°œμ „μ„ μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 기반 μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ›μœΌλ‘œ μ“°λ €λ©΄
02:32
the base load energy supply for the world.
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아직 연ꡬ해야 ν•  것듀이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
Fission.
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ν•΅λΆ„μ—΄.
02:39
Our government is going to put in six new nuclear power stations.
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μ˜κ΅­μ€ 6개의 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ›μžλ ₯λ°œμ „μ†Œλ₯Ό 가동할 μ˜ˆμ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
They're going to put in six new nuclear power stations,
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ›μžλ ₯ λ°œμ „μ†Œ 6κΈ°λ₯Ό 가동할 것이고
02:45
and probably more after that.
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이후에도 더 λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜κ² μ£ .
02:47
China is building nuclear power stations. Everybody is.
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쀑ꡭ을 λΉ„λ‘―ν•΄ λͺ¨λ‘ μ›μžλ ₯λ°œμ „μ†Œλ₯Ό 짓고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
Because they know that that is one sure way
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그것이 νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό λ°°μΆœν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 단 ν•œ 가지
02:52
to do carbon-free energy.
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ν•΄κ²°μ±…μ΄λΌλŠ” κ±Έ μ•Œκ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
But if you wanted to know what the perfect energy source is,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 정말 μ™„λ²½ν•œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ›μ΄λž€ λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
02:59
the perfect energy source is one
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μ™„λ²½ν•œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ›μ΄λΌκ³  ν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
03:01
that doesn't take up much space,
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곡간을 많이 μ°¨μ§€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ ,
03:04
has a virtually inexhaustible supply,
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사싀상 κ³ κ°ˆλ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©°,
03:07
is safe, doesn't put any carbon into the atmosphere,
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μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ³ , νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό λŒ€κΈ° 쀑에 λ°©μΆœν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ ,
03:11
doesn't leave any long-lived radioactive waste:
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λ°˜κ°κΈ°κ°€ κΈ΄ 방사성 폐기물을 남기지도 μ•Šμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
it's fusion.
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λ°”λ‘œ ν•΅μœ΅ν•©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
But there is a catch. Of course there is always a catch in these cases.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 단점이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ¬Όλ‘  λͺ¨λ“  κ²½μš°μ— 단점 ν•˜λ‚˜ μ •λ„λŠ” 있게 마련이죠.
03:19
Fusion is very hard to do.
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ν•΅μœ΅ν•©μ„ μ‹€ν˜„ν•˜λŠ” 것은 맀우 μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
We've been trying for 50 years.
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50λ…„ λ™μ•ˆμ΄λ‚˜ λ…Έλ ₯ν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
Okay. What is fusion? Here comes the nuclear physics.
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그럼 ν•΅μœ΅ν•©μ΄ λ­˜κΉŒμš”? 핡물리학이 λ“±μž₯ν•  μ°¨λ‘€κ΅°μš”.
03:28
And sorry about that, but this is what turns me on.
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μ’€ μ£„μ†‘ν•˜κΈ΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ, 이게 λ°”λ‘œ μ œκ°€ λ‹¬μ•„μ˜€λ₯΄λŠ” λΆ€λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
03:33
I was a strange child.
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μ’€ 괴짜 κΌ¬λ§Ήμ΄μ˜€μ£ .
03:37
Nuclear energy comes for a simple reason.
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ν•΅ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŠ” λ‹¨μˆœν•œ μ›λ¦¬λ‘œ λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
The most stable nucleus is iron, right in the middle of the periodic table.
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κ°€μž₯ μ•ˆμ •ν•œ μ›μ†ŒλŠ” 철인데, μ£ΌκΈ°μœ¨ν‘œμ—μ„œλ„ κ°€μš΄λ°λ₯Ό μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
It's a medium-sized nucleus.
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μ²  μ›μžν•΅μ˜ ν¬κΈ°λŠ” 쀑간쯀 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
And you want to go towards iron if you want to get energy.
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μ–»κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ 철에 κ°€κΉŒμ›Œμ§€λŠ” λ°©ν–₯으둜 κ°€λ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
So, uranium, which is very big, wants to split.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 맀우 큰 μ›μžμΈ μš°λΌλŠ„μ€ λΆ„μ—΄ν•΄μ„œ μž‘μ•„μ§€λ € ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
But small atoms want to join together,
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μž‘μ€ μ›μžλ“€μ€ μ„œλ‘œ λ­‰μ³μ„œ 컀지렀 ν•˜μ£ .
03:57
small nuclei want to join together
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μž‘μ€ μ›μžν•΅λ“€μ€ μ„œλ‘œ λ­‰μ³μ„œ
03:59
to make bigger ones to go towards iron.
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더 큰 덩어리가 λ˜μ–΄ 철에 κ°€κΉŒμ›Œμ§€λ €κ³  ν•œλ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:01
And you can get energy out this way.
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이런 λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ ν•΅ μ—λ„ˆμ§€κ°€ λ°œμƒν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
And indeed that's exactly what stars do.
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사싀 λΉ›λ‚˜λŠ” λ³„μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 일과 λ˜‘κ°™μ€ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
In the middle of stars, you're joining hydrogen together to make helium
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λ³„μ˜ μ€‘μ‹¬λΆ€μ—μ„œλŠ” μˆ˜μ†Œκ°€ ν•©μ³μ Έμ„œ ν—¬λ₯¨μ΄ μƒμ„±λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
and then helium together to make carbon,
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κ·Έ λ‹€μŒμ—” ν—¬λ₯¨λΌλ¦¬ λ­‰μ³μ Έμ„œ νƒ„μ†Œ, μ‚°μ†Œκ°€
04:11
to make oxygen, all the things that you're made of
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λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. 우리 λͺΈμ„ 이루고 μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것듀은
04:13
are made in the middle of stars.
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λ³„μ˜ μ€‘μ‹¬λΆ€μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ μ›μ†ŒμΈ μ…ˆμ΄μ£ .
04:16
But it's a hard process to do
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것은 맀우 λ‹¬μ„±ν•˜κΈ° νž˜λ“  κ³Όμ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:18
because, as you know, the middle of a star is quite hot,
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μ•Œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, λ³„μ˜ μ€‘μ‹¬λΆ€λŠ” μ—„μ²­λ‚˜κ²Œ 뜨거운 κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
almost by definition.
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거의 μ •μ˜μƒμœΌλ‘œλ§Œ λ³Ό λ•Œ
04:25
And there is one reaction
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μˆ˜μ†Œ κ°„μ˜ ν•΅μœ΅ν•© λ°˜μ‘μ΄
04:28
that's probably the easiest fusion reaction to do.
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μ•„λ§ˆ ν•΅μœ΅ν•©μ„ μΌμœΌν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•œ κ°€μž₯ μ‰¬μš΄ λ°˜μ‘μΌ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
It's between two isotopes of hydrogen, two kinds of hydrogen:
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μˆ˜μ†Œ λ™μœ„μ›μ†Œ 두 가지, 즉 두 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μˆ˜μ†Œλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
deuterium, which is heavy hydrogen,
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λ°”λ‹·λ¬Όμ—μ„œ 얻을 수 μžˆλŠ”
04:40
which you can get from seawater,
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무거운 μˆ˜μ†ŒμΈ μ€‘μˆ˜μ†Œμ™€
04:42
and tritium which is super-heavy hydrogen.
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맀우 무거운 μˆ˜μ†ŒμΈ μ‚Όμ€‘μˆ˜μ†Œλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
These two nuclei, when they're far apart, are charged.
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이 두 개의 μ›μžν•΅μ€ μ „ν•˜λ₯Ό κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
And you push them together and they repel.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ‘˜μ„ 뢙이렀고 ν•˜λ©΄ λ‘˜μ€ μ„œλ‘œ λ°€μ–΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:53
But when you get them close enough,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ‘˜μ„ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ κ°€κΉκ²Œ 뢙인닀면
04:55
something called the strong force starts to act
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κ°•ν•œ ν•΅λ ₯이 μž‘μš©ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ„œ
04:57
and pulls them together.
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μ„œλ‘œ μž‘μ•„λ‹ΉκΈ°κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
So, most of the time they repel.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ κ²½μš°μ—” μ²™λ ₯이 μž‘μš©ν•΄μ„œ μ„œλ‘œ λ°€μ–΄λ‚΄μ£ .
05:01
You get them closer and closer and closer and then at some point
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λ‘˜μ„ 맀우 κ°€κΉκ²Œ λ°€μ°©μ‹œν‚€λ©΄ μ–΄λŠ μœ„μΉ˜μ—μ„œ
05:03
the strong force grips them together.
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κ°•ν•œ ν•΅λ ₯이 μž‘μš©ν•΄μ„œ λ‘˜μ€ μ„œλ‘œ λ‹ΉκΈ°κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:06
For a moment they become helium 5,
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μˆœκ°„, κ·Έ λ‘˜μ€ ν•©μ³μ Έμ„œ ν—¬λ₯¨-5κ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
because they've got five particles inside them.
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5개의 ν•΅μžκ°€ λ“€μ–΄μžˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 5μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:10
So, that's that process there. Deuterium and tritium goes together
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μ €λŸ° κ³Όμ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ€‘μˆ˜μ†Œμ™€ μ‚Όμ€‘μˆ˜μ†Œκ°€ ν•©ν•΄μ Έμ„œ
05:12
makes helium 5.
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ν—¬λ₯¨-5κ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
Helium splits out, and a neutron comes out
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ ν—¬λ₯¨μ΄ μͺΌκ°œμ Έμ„œ μ€‘μ„±μžκ°€ νŠ€μ–΄λ‚˜μ˜€κ³ 
05:17
and lots of energy comes out.
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ„ ν•¨κ»˜ λ°©μΆœλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:19
If you can get something to about 150 million degrees,
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μ–΄λ–€ 물체λ₯Ό 1μ–΅ 5천만 λ„κΉŒμ§€ κ°€μ—΄ν•˜λ©΄
05:22
things will be rattling around so fast
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μž…μžλ“€μ€ μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ†λ„λ‘œ μš΄λ™μ„ ν•˜κ²Œ 되고
05:24
that every time they collide in just the right configuration,
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μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ μ„€μ •λœ μƒνƒœμ—μ„œ μΆ©λŒν•˜λŠ” λ§€μˆœκ°„
05:28
this will happen, and it will release energy.
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ν•΅μœ΅ν•©μ΄ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μ—λ„ˆμ§€κ°€ λ°©μΆœλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:30
And that energy is what powers fusion.
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ ν•΅μœ΅ν•© μ—λ„ˆμ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:34
And it's this reaction that we want to do.
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그리고 이것이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ΅¬ν˜„ν•˜λ €λŠ” λ°˜μ‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:37
There is one trickiness about this reaction.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 λ°˜μ‘μ„ μœ„ν•œ ν•œ 가지 μ œμ•½μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:40
Well, there is a trickiness that you have to make it 150 million degrees,
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그것은 1μ–΅ 5천만 도λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:43
but there is a trickiness about the reaction yet.
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μ•„μ§κΉŒμ§„ 이 λ°˜μ‘μ— λŒ€ν•œ 어렀움이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:46
It's pretty hot.
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μ œλ²• ν™”λˆν•œ μ˜¨λ„λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
05:48
The trickiness about the reaction is that
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이 λ°˜μ‘μ„ μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ–΄λ €μš΄ 점은
05:50
tritium doesn't exist in nature.
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μ‚Όμ€‘μˆ˜μ†Œκ°€ μžμ—°μƒνƒœλ‘œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:52
You have to make it from something else.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그것을 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ¬΄μ—‡μΈκ°€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ–»μ–΄λ‚΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:54
And you make if from lithium. That reaction at the bottom,
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이것은 λ¦¬νŠ¬μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 얻을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έ λ°˜μ‘μ€ μ•„λž˜μ™€ κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:57
that's lithium 6, plus a neutron,
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리튬 6κ³Ό μ€‘μ„±μžκ°€ λ°˜μ‘ν•˜λ©΄
06:01
will give you more helium, plus tritium.
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ν—¬λ₯¨κ³Ό μ‚Όμ€‘μˆ˜μ†Œλ₯Ό 얻을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:03
And that's the way you make your tritium.
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이것이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚Όμ€‘μˆ˜μ†Œλ₯Ό μƒμ‚°ν•΄λ‚΄λŠ” λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:05
But fortunately, if you can do this fusion reaction,
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λ‹€ν–‰μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œλ„, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•΅μœ΅ν•© λ°˜μ‘μ„ λ°œμƒμ‹œν‚€λ©΄
06:08
you've got a neutron, so you can make that happen.
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μ€‘μ„±μžλ₯Ό 얻을 수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, μ‚Όμ€‘μˆ˜μ†Œλ₯Ό 생산할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:12
Now, why the hell would we bother to do this?
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자, 우린 λ„λŒ€μ²΄ μ™œ 이리 μ–΄λ €μš΄ λ°˜μ‘μ„ μΌμœΌν‚€λŠλΌ μ• λ₯Ό λ¨ΉλŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
06:15
This is basically why we would bother to do it.
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 μ‚½μ§ˆμ„ ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:18
If you just plot how much fuel
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ μ—°λ£Œλ“€μ΄
06:22
we've got left, in units of
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λ‚¨μ•„μžˆλŠ”μ§€
06:24
present world consumption.
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ν˜„μž¬ 세계 μ—°λ£Œμ†ŒλΉ„λŸ‰μ„ κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ 계산해보면
06:26
And as you go across there you see
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λ³΄μ‹œλŠ” 바와 같이
06:29
a few tens of years of oil -- the blue line, by the way,
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μ„μœ λŠ” μˆ˜μ‹­ 년밖에 μ“Έ 수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:31
is the lowest estimate of existing resources.
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νŒŒλž€μ„ μ€ ν˜„μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” μžμ›μ˜ μ΅œμ†Œ μΆ”μ •λŸ‰μ΄κ³ ,
06:34
And the yellow line is the most optimistic estimate.
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λ…Έλž€μ„ μ€ κ°€μž₯ λ‚™κ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ μΆ”μ •ν•œ κ°’μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:38
And as you go across there you will see
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계속 λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄ ν™”μ„μ—°λ£ŒλŠ”
06:40
that we've got a few tens of years, and perhaps 100 years
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μˆ˜μ‹­ λ…„, μ•„λ§ˆ κΈΈμ–΄μ•Ό 100λ…„ 정도밖에
06:42
of fossil fuels left.
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μ“Έ 수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것도 μ•„μ‹€ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:45
And god knows we don't really want to burn all of it,
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ λͺ¨λ‘ μ¨λ²„λ¦¬λŠ” 것도 μ ˆλŒ€λ‘œ μ›μΉ˜ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:47
because it will make an awful lot of carbon in the air.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 그것듀은 λŒ€κΈ°μ€‘μœΌλ‘œ λ”μ°ν•œ νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό λ‚΄λΏœκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:49
And then we get to uranium.
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λ‹€μŒμ€ μš°λΌλŠ„μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:52
And with current reactor technology
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ν˜„μž¬μ˜ μ›μžλ‘œ κΈ°μˆ λ‘œλŠ” -- μ—΄μ€‘μ„±μžλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 핡뢄열을 μΌμœΌν‚€λŠ” 기술 --
06:54
we really don't have very much uranium.
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μ‚¬μš© κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μš°λΌλŠ„μ΄ 그리 많이 남아 μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. -- μ—΄μ€‘μ„±μžλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  μ‹œ 0.7%인 μš°λΌλŠ„ 235λ§Œμ„ μ—°λ£Œλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έ --
06:57
And we will have to extract uranium from sea water,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ…Έλž€μ„ μœΌλ‘œ λ³΄μ΄λŠ”
06:59
which is the yellow line,
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λ°”λ‹€μ—μ„œ μΆ”μΆœν•œ μš°λΌλŠ„μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬
07:01
to make conventional nuclear power stations
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κΈ°μ‘΄ μ›μžλ ₯λ°œμ „μ†Œλ₯Ό
07:04
actually do very much for us.
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μ΅œλŒ€ν•œ ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:06
This is a bit shocking, because in fact our government
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ν•œκ°€μ§€ λ†€λΌμš΄ 사싀은 우리 μ •λΆ€κ°€
07:08
is relying on that for us to meet Kyoto,
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κ΅ν† μ˜μ •μ„œ*λ₯Ό λ§Œμ‘±μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ * 지ꡬ μ˜¨λ‚œν™”μ˜ 규제λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ ꡭ제 κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” ν˜‘μ•½
07:11
and do all those kind of things.
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μ›μžλ ₯ λ°œμ „μ†Œμ— μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:13
To go any further you would have to have breeder technology.
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더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ³ μ†μ¦μ‹λ‘œ κΈ°μˆ μ„ κ°œλ°œν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. -- κ³ μ†μ€‘μ„±μžλ‘œ ν•΅λΆ„μ—΄λ°˜μ‘μ„ μΌμœΌν‚€λŠ” 기술. μš°λΌλŠ„ 238을 μ—°λ£Œλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ―€λ‘œ μ²œμ—°μš°λΌλŠ„μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ„ ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 의미 --
07:15
And breeder technology is fast breeders. And that's pretty dangerous.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ³ μ†μ¦μ‹λ‘œλŠ” μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ μœ„ν—˜ν•œ κΈ°μˆ μ΄λΌλŠ” 것이 λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:19
The big thing, on the right,
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였λ₯ΈνŽΈμ˜ κ°€μž₯ 큰 μˆ˜μΉ˜λŠ”
07:21
is the lithium we have in the world.
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세상에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” λ¦¬νŠ¬μ„ λͺ¨λ‘ μ‚¬μš©ν•  κ²½μš°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:23
And lithium is in sea water. That's the yellow line.
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λ¦¬νŠ¬μ€ 바닷물에도 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그것이 λ…Έλž€μ„ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:26
And we have 30 million years worth of fusion fuel in sea water.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ λ°”λ‹·λ¬Όμ—λŠ” μ•½ 3000λ§Œλ…„ λΆ„λŸ‰μ˜ ν•΅μœ΅ν•© μ—°λ£Œκ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€κ³  ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:30
Everybody can get it. That's why we want to do fusion.
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이제 μ™œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•΅μœ΅ν•©μ„ μ‹€ν˜„μ‹œμΌœμ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ…¨μœΌλ¦¬λΌ λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:33
Is it cost-competitive?
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경제적인 츑면은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
07:36
We make estimates of what we think it would cost
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ „κΈ° 생산 λΉ„μš©μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄
07:38
to actually make a fusion power plant.
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μ‹€μ œ ν•΅μœ΅ν•© λ°œμ „μ†Œλ₯Ό κ±΄μ„€ν•˜λŠ” λΉ„μš©μ΄λΌκ³  κ°€μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:40
And we get within about the same price
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그러면 λŒ€λž΅ ν˜„μž¬ 전기와 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ κ°€κ²©μœΌλ‘œ
07:43
as current electricity.
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μ „κΈ°λ₯Ό 생산할 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:45
So, how would we make it?
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자, κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이 ν•΅μœ΅ν•©μ„ μΌμœΌν‚¬κΉŒμš”?
07:47
We have to hold something at 150 million degrees.
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이 λ°˜μ‘μ„ μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ–΄λ–€ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ 1μ–΅ 5천만 λ„μ˜ μ˜¨λ„λ‘œ 가둬놔야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:50
And, in fact, we've done this.
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사싀 이미 μ„±κ³΅ν•œ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:53
We hold it with a magnetic field.
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자기μž₯을 μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμ£ .
07:55
And inside it, right in the middle of this toroidal shape, doughnut shape,
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μ € λ„λ„ˆμΈ  λͺ¨μ–‘ ν•œ κ°€μš΄λ°μ˜ μ˜¨λ„λŠ”
08:00
right in the middle is 150 million degrees.
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λŒ€λž΅ 1μ–΅ 5천만 도가 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:02
It boils away in the middle at 150 million degrees.
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λ‚΄λΆ€μ˜ 초고온 μž…μžλ“€μ€ λ§‰λŒ€ν•œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ‘œ μ—΄μš΄λ™μ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:06
And in fact we can make fusion happen.
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이 μ—΄μš΄λ™μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ‘œ ν•΅μœ΅ν•© λ°˜μ‘μ΄ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:08
And just down the road, this is JET.
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이 사진은 ν•΅μœ΅ν•©μ‹€ν—˜ μž₯치인 JET(Joint European Torus)μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:10
It's the only machine in the world that's actually done fusion.
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이것은 μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ μœ μΌν•˜κ²Œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ ν•΅μœ΅ν•© λ°˜μ‘μ„ μ„±κ³΅μ‹œν‚¨ μž₯μΉ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:12
When people say fusion is 30 years away, and always will be,
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μ–΄λ–€ μ΄λŠ” "ν•΅μœ΅ν•©μ€ 맨날 30λ…„λ’€μ—λ‚˜ κ°€λŠ₯ν•  것이라고 항상 그래" 라고 λΉˆμ •κ±°λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:15
I say, "Yeah, but we've actually done it." Right?
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이럴 λ•Œλ©΄, μ „ "λ„€, 근데 사싀 ν•΅μœ΅ν•©μ€ 이미 μ‹€ν˜„λ˜μ—ˆμ£ "라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:18
We can do fusion. In the center of this device
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 μž₯치의 λ‚΄λΆ€μ—μ„œ ν•΅μœ΅ν•© λ°˜μ‘μ„ λ°œμƒμ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:20
we made 16 megawatts of fusion power in 1997.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 1997년에 ν•΅μœ΅ν•© λ°˜μ‘μ„ 톡해 16MW의 μ „κΈ°λ₯Ό μƒμ‚°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:23
And in 2013 we're going to fire it up again
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 2013년에 λ‹€μ‹œ 이 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ μž¬κ°œν•  것이고
08:26
and break all those records.
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이 기둝을 κΉ¨λŠ” 것을 λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:28
But that's not really fusion power. That's just making some fusion happen.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 아직 μ§„μ •ν•œ 의미의 ν•΅μœ΅ν•© μ—λ„ˆμ§€λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ . 단지 ν•΅μœ΅ν•©μ΄ μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 것이죠.
08:31
We've got to take that, we've got to make that into a fusion reactor.
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ν•΅μœ΅ν•© μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μ§„μ •μœΌλ‘œ μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μƒμš© ν•΅μœ΅ν•©λ‘œλ₯Ό 건섀해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:34
Because we want 30 million years worth of fusion power for the Earth.
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인λ₯˜λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 3000λ§Œλ…„ κ°€λŸ‰μ˜ ν•΅μœ΅ν•© μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό 손에 λ„£κΈ° μ›ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
08:39
This is the device we're building now.
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이것이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν˜„μž¬ 건섀 쀑인 μž₯μΉ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:41
It gets very expensive to do this research.
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이 연ꡬλ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” λ§‰λŒ€ν•œ λΉ„μš©μ΄ λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:43
It turns out you can't do fusion on a table top
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μž‘μ€ 규λͺ¨μ˜ μž₯μΉ˜μ—μ„œλŠ” ν•΅μœ΅ν•©μ„ 성곡할 수 μ—†μŒμ΄ 증λͺ…λœ λ°” μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:45
despite all that cold fusion nonsense. Right?
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μ €μ˜¨ ν•΅μœ΅ν•© 같은 ν—›μ†Œλ¦¬μ˜ κ²½μš°μ—λ„ 말이죠. κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
08:48
You can't. You have to do it in a very big device.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 맀우 κ±°λŒ€ν•œ μž₯μΉ˜μ—μ„œ ν•΅μœ΅ν•© λ°˜μ‘μ„ μΌμœΌμΌœμ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:51
More than half the world's population is involved in building this device
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세계 인ꡬ의 반 이상이 남 ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ˜ λ‹ˆμŠ€μ— κ±΄μ„€λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”
08:54
in southern France, which is a nice place to put an experiment.
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이 μž₯μΉ˜μ™€ κ΄€λ ¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‹€ν—˜ν•˜κΈ° 쒋은 μž₯μ†Œμ£ .
08:57
Seven nations are involved in building this.
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ν˜„μž¬ κ±΄μ„€μ—λŠ” 7개ꡭ이 μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:01
It's going to cost us 10 billion. And we'll produce half a gigawatt of fusion power.
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건섀 λΉ„μš©μ€ 20μ‘° μ›μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 500 MW의 μ „κΈ°λ₯Ό 생산할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:05
But that's not electricity yet.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬μ „νžˆ 아직 μ‹€μ œ μ „κΈ°λŠ” μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:08
We have to get to this.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ—¬κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ 도달해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:10
We have to get to a power plant.
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λ°œμ „μ†ŒκΉŒμ§€ 도달해야 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:12
We have to start putting electricity on the grid
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 κ³ λ„λ‘œ μ–΄λ €μš΄ κΈ°μˆ μ„ 톡해
09:14
in this very complex technology.
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μ „λ ₯망에 μ „κΈ°κ°€ 흐λ₯΄λ„둝 ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:16
And I'd really like it to happen a lot faster than it is.
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그리고 μ €λŠ” μ§„μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ 훨씬 λΉ λ₯Έ 기간에 μ‹€ν˜„λ˜κΈΈ λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:19
But at the moment, all we can imagine is sometime in the 2030s.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν˜„μž¬λ‘œμ„œλŠ” 2030λ…„ κ²½ μ–Έμ œμ―€λ°–μ— μ˜ˆμƒν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:24
I wish this were different. We really need it now.
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μ „ 이것이 틀리기λ₯Ό κΈ°μ›ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 우린 λ°”λ‘œ μ§€κΈˆ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:26
We're going to have a problem with power
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 5λ…„ 내에 μ˜κ΅­μ€
09:28
in the next five years in this country.
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€ λ¬Έμ œμ— λ΄‰μ°©ν•˜κ²Œ 될 것이라 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:30
So 2030 looks like an infinity away.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 2030년은 λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ λ¨Ό κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:34
But we can't abandon it now; we have to push forward,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€κ³ ν•΄μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ§€κΈˆ 이것을 포기해선 μ•ˆλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:36
get fusion to happen.
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ν•΅μœ΅ν•© μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό 손에 λ„£κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ”μš± 전진해 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:38
I wish we had more money, I wish we had more resources.
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μ „ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ’€ 더 λ§Žμ€ 돈과 μžμ›μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©΄ μ’‹κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:40
But this is what we're aiming at,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것이 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:42
sometime in the 2030s --
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2030λ…„ 경의 μ–Έμ  κ°€,
09:44
real electric power from fusion. Thank you very much.
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ν•΅μœ΅ν•©μœΌλ‘œ μ‹€μ œ μ „κΈ°λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:46
(Applause)
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(κ°ˆμ±„)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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