Don't fear intelligent machines. Work with them | Garry Kasparov

638,775 views ใƒป 2017-06-20

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: keun_young Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Seo-Ho Cho
00:12
This story begins in 1985,
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” 1985๋…„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
when at age 22,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 22์‚ด์ด์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์ฃ .
00:17
I became the World Chess Champion
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์ €๋Š” ์•„๋‚˜ํ†จ๋ฆฌ ์นด๋ฅดํฌํ”„๋ฅผ ์ œ์น˜๊ณ  ์ฒด์Šค ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ฑ”ํ”ผ์–ธ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
after beating Anatoly Karpov.
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00:24
Earlier that year,
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๊ทธ ํ•ด ์ดˆ์—, ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” ๋™์‹œ ์ฒด์Šค ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
I played what is called simultaneous exhibition
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00:29
against 32 of the world's best chess-playing machines
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๋…์ผ ํ•จ๋ถ€๋ฃจํฌ์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ
32๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ฒด์Šค ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์‹œํ•ฉ์„ ํŽผ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์˜€์ฃ .
00:33
in Hamburg, Germany.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œํ•ฉ์„ ์ด๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
I won all the games,
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00:38
and then it was not considered much of a surprise
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š”
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ์— 32๋Œ€์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๊ธด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
00:41
that I could beat 32 computers at the same time.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋†€๋ž„ ์ผ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
To me, that was the golden age.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ์ฐฝ ์ž˜ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋˜ ๋•Œ์˜€๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:49
(Laughter)
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00:51
Machines were weak,
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ์•ฝํ–ˆ๊ณ 
00:53
and my hair was strong.
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์ œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ’์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:55
(Laughter)
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00:58
Just 12 years later,
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๊ทธ ๋’ค, ๊ฒจ์šฐ 12๋…„ ํ›„์—
01:00
I was fighting for my life against just one computer
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹จ ํ•œ ๋Œ€์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ ์ผ์ƒ์ผ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํŽผ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
in a match
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01:07
called by the cover of "Newsweek"
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์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‰ด์Šค์œ„ํฌ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์ œ๋ชฉ์ด '์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋‘๋‡Œ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ €ํ•ญ'์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:09
"The Brain's Last Stand."
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01:11
No pressure.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
์‹ ํ™”์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€
01:15
From mythology to science fiction,
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01:17
human versus machine
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๋Œ€๊ฒฐ์€
01:20
has been often portrayed as a matter of life and death.
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์‚ฌ๋Š๋ƒ ์ฃฝ๋Š๋ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋˜์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
John Henry,
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'์กด ํ—จ๋ฆฌ'๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:25
called the steel-driving man
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19์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ‘์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ „์„ค์—์„œ '๊ฐ•์ฒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚จ์ž'๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์šด ๊ทธ๋Š”
01:27
in the 19th century African American folk legend,
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์ฆ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋™๋˜๋Š” ๋ง์น˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์™€ ์‚ฐ์— ํ„ฐ๋„์„ ๋šซ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ฒฐ์„ ํŽผ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
was pitted in a race
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01:32
against a steam-powered hammer
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01:35
bashing a tunnel through mountain rock.
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01:38
John Henry's legend is a part of a long historical narrative
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์กด ํ—จ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „์„ค์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋žœ
01:43
pitting humanity versus technology.
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
And this competitive rhetoric is standard now.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
We are in a race against the machines,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
in a fight or even in a war.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์‹ธ์›€์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ „์Ÿ์ค‘์ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:57
Jobs are being killed off.
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์ผ์€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
People are being replaced as if they had vanished from the Earth.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ฉธ์ข…์ด๋ผ๋„ ํ•œ ๋“ฏ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
It's enough to think that the movies like "The Terminator" or "The Matrix"
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"ํ„ฐ๋ฏธ๋„ค์ดํ„ฐ"๋‚˜ "๋งคํŠธ๋ฆญ์Šค"๊ฐ™์€ ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ ํ˜„์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋งŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
are nonfiction.
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02:11
There are very few instances of an arena
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
where the human body and mind can compete on equal terms
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์‹ ์ฒด์ , ์ •์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ
์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ ๋กœ๋ด‡๊ณผ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•œ ์ ์€ ์—†์ฃ .
02:21
with a computer or a robot.
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02:24
Actually, I wish there were a few more.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
Instead,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ
02:29
it was my blessing and my curse
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ถ•๋ณต์ž„๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ €์ฃผ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€
02:34
to literally become the proverbial man
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ํŽผ์นœ ์‹ ํ™”์  ์ธ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„์„œ
02:37
in the man versus machine competition
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02:40
that everybody is still talking about.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ž…์— ํšŒ์ž๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์กด ํ—จ๋ฆฌ ์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
02:45
In the most famous human-machine competition since John Henry,
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์ €๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์‹œํ•ฉ์„ ์น˜๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
I played two matches
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02:52
against the IBM supercomputer, Deep Blue.
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IBM ์Šˆํผ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์ธ ๋”ฅ๋ธ”๋ฃจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•ด์„œ ์‹ธ์› ์ฃ .
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œํ•ฉ์—์„œ ์ด๊ธด ๊ฑธ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
02:59
Nobody remembers that I won the first match --
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03:01
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:03
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
03:07
In Philadelphia, before losing the rematch the following year in New York.
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ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„์—์„œ์˜ ์‹œํ•ฉ์€ ์ด๊ฒผ๊ณ 
์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ํ•ด ๋‰ด์š•์—์„œ์˜ ์žฌ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์˜€์ฃ .
03:12
But I guess that's fair.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•œ ์ ์€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
03:16
There is no day in history, special calendar entry
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์–ด๋Š ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๊ธฐ๋…์ผ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ด๋„
03:21
for all the people who failed to climb Mt. Everest
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์—๋“œ๋ฌธ๋“œ ํž๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ…์ง• ๋…ธ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—๋ฒ ๋ ˆ์ŠคํŠธ์‚ฐ ์ •์ƒ์„ ์ •๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€
03:24
before Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay
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์ด์ „์— ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋„์ „์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:27
made it to the top.
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03:29
And in 1997, I was still the world champion
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1997๋…„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ฑ”ํ”ผ์–ธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
when chess computers finally came of age.
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๊ทธ์ œ์•ผ ์ฒด์Šค ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ฑ”ํ”ผ์–ธ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ ธ์„ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
03:41
I was Mt. Everest,
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์ €๋Š” ์—๋ฒ ๋ ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ์‚ฐ๋งฅ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:43
and Deep Blue reached the summit.
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๋”ฅ๋ธ”๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ •์ƒ์— ์˜ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:46
I should say of course, not that Deep Blue did it,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋”ฅ๋ธ”๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
but its human creators --
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
Anantharaman, Campbell, Hoane, Hsu.
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์•„๋‚œ์จ๋ผ๋งŒ, ์บ ๋ฒจ, ํ˜ธ์•ˆ, ์Šˆ. ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฃฌ ์พŒ๊ฑฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
Hats off to them.
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03:58
As always, machine's triumph was a human triumph,
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๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ์Šน๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์Šน๋ฆฌ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
something we tend to forget when humans are surpassed by our own creations.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜์ฃ .
04:10
Deep Blue was victorious,
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๋”ฅ๋ธ”๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒผ์–ด์š”.
04:13
but was it intelligent?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
04:15
No, no it wasn't,
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์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
04:18
at least not in the way Alan Turing and other founders of computer science
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ ์–ด๋„ ์•จ๋Ÿฐ ํŠœ๋ง์ด๋‚˜
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
had hoped.
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04:25
It turned out that chess could be crunched by brute force,
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์ฒด์Šค๋Š” ๋ฌด์ฐจ๋ณ„ ๋Œ€์ž… ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๋žต์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ 
04:30
once hardware got fast enough
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04:34
and algorithms got smart enough.
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์ž˜ ์งœ์—ฌ์ง„ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๋งŒ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋˜์ฃ .
04:38
Although by the definition of the output,
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๊ทธ๋žœ๋“œ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๊ธ‰์˜ ์ฒด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋งŒ ๋†“๊ณ  ๋ณด๋ฉด
04:42
grandmaster-level chess,
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04:45
Deep Blue was intelligent.
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๋”ฅ๋ธ”๋ฃจ๋„ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
But even at the incredible speed,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์†๋„๋กœ
04:52
200 million positions per second,
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์ดˆ๋‹น 2์–ต ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š”
04:57
Deep Blue's method
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๋”ฅ๋ธ”๋ฃจ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
04:59
provided little of the dreamed-of insight into the mysteries of human intelligence.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฟˆ๊ฟ”์˜จ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ์‹ ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์†Œ๋‚˜๋งˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
Soon,
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๋จธ์ง€์•Š์•„
05:10
machines will be taxi drivers
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์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํƒ์‹œ ์šด์ „์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์˜์‚ฌ, ๊ต์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
05:13
and doctors and professors,
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05:15
but will they be "intelligent?"
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:19
I would rather leave these definitions
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๊ทธ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ
05:22
to the philosophers and to the dictionary.
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์ฒ ํ•™์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฐฑ๊ณผ์‚ฌ์ „์ด ํ•  ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
What really matters is how we humans
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์ •๋ง ๋ฌธ์ œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
feel about living and working with these machines.
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1996๋…„ 2์›”์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋”ฅ๋ธ”๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ
05:38
When I first met Deep Blue in 1996 in February,
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05:43
I had been the world champion for more than 10 years,
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ €๋Š” 10๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ฑ”ํ”ผ์–ธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
182๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ถŒ ๋Œ€ํšŒ๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ €์ฃ .
05:48
and I had played 182 world championship games
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฒจ๋ฃจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
and hundreds of games against other top players in other competitions.
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05:57
I knew what to expect from my opponents
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์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•˜๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
and what to expect from myself.
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06:04
I was used to measure their moves
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์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ 
06:09
and to gauge their emotional state
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๊ฐ์ • ์ƒํƒœ๋„ ์‚ดํ”ผ๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
by watching their body language and looking into their eyes.
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์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์˜ ๋ชธ์ง“์ด๋‚˜ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:17
And then I sat across the chessboard from Deep Blue.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ฒด์ŠคํŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋‘๊ณ  ๋”ฅ๋ธ”๋ฃจ์™€ ์กฐ์šฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
I immediately sensed something new,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ‰๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
something unsettling.
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์•ˆ ํ’€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด์š”.
06:31
You might experience a similar feeling
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•„๋งˆ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
06:35
the first time you ride in a driverless car
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๋ฌด์ธ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ํƒ”์„ ๋•Œ๋‚˜
06:37
or the first time your new computer manager issues an order at work.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์—… ์ง€์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:45
But when I sat at that first game,
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ์•‰์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
์ €๋Š” ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
I couldn't be sure
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06:52
what is this thing capable of.
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋ฅผ์š”.
06:56
Technology can advance in leaps, and IBM had invested heavily.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋น„์•ฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ–ˆ๊ณ  IBM์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
I lost that game.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฒŒ์ž„์—์„œ ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
And I couldn't help wondering,
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์ •๋ง ์ฒœํ•˜๋ฌด์ ์ด ์•„๋‹๊นŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
might it be invincible?
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07:08
Was my beloved game of chess over?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒด์Šค๊ฒŒ์ž„์€ ์ด์ œ ๋์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:12
These were human doubts, human fears,
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์‹ฌ์ด๊ณ  ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
and the only thing I knew for sure
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
07:19
was that my opponent Deep Blue had no such worries at all.
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๋‚˜์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜ ๋”ฅ๋ธ”๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ์ „ํ˜€ ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:25
I fought back
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
after this devastating blow
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๊ทธ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
์ฒซ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
07:31
to win the first match,
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07:32
but the writing was on the wall.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ์ข… ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Œ€๋กœ
07:36
I eventually lost to the machine
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์— ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
but I didn't suffer the fate of John Henry
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์กด ํ—จ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ์šด๋ช…์„ ๊ฒช์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
who won but died with his hammer in his hand.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒผ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง์น˜๋ฅผ ์†์— ์ฅ” ์ฑ„ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
[John Henry Died with a Hammer in His Hand Palmer C. Hayden]
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07:47
[The Museum of African American Art, Los Angeles]
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07:49
It turned out that the world of chess
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์ฒด์Šค์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
07:52
still wanted to have a human chess champion.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ฒด์Šค์ฑ”ํ”ผ์–ธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
And even today,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋Š”
ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์— ๊น”๋ฆฐ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ฒด์Šค์•ฑ์ด
08:00
when a free chess app on the latest mobile phone
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08:03
is stronger than Deep Blue,
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๋”ฅ๋ธ”๋ฃจ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
08:05
people are still playing chess,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ฒด์Šค๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
even more than ever before.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ด์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:11
Doomsayers predicted that nobody would touch the game
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๋น„๊ด€์  ์šด๋ช…๋ก ์ž๋“ค์€
๊ธฐ๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ •๋ณต๋œ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ˜ธ์–ธํ–ˆ์ฃ .
08:15
that could be conquered by the machine,
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08:17
and they were wrong, proven wrong,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ์ฃ .
08:19
but doomsaying has always been a popular pastime
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„๊ด€๋ก ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ๋Š˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
08:23
when it comes to technology.
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08:26
What I learned from my own experience
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
is that we must face our fears
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์— ๋งž์„œ์•ผ๋งŒ
08:33
if we want to get the most out of our technology,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
and we must conquer those fears
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๊ทธ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ •๋ณตํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ
08:40
if we want to get the best out of our humanity.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €์˜ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์‹ธ๋ฉด์„œ
08:48
While licking my wounds,
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08:49
I got a lot of inspiration
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์ €๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋”ฅ๋ธ”๋ฃจ์™€์˜ ์‹ธ์›€์—์„œ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์ฃ .
08:53
from my battles against Deep Blue.
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08:55
As the old Russian saying goes, if you can't beat them, join them.
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„ ์†๋‹ด์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”. '์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ด๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ์™€ ์—ฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋ผ.'
09:00
Then I thought,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:02
what if I could play with a computer --
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ.
09:04
together with a computer at my side, combining our strengths,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŽธ์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํž˜์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ.
์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง๊ด€๋ ฅ์— ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ ฅ์„ ๋”ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:09
human intuition plus machine's calculation,
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09:12
human strategy, machine tactics,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „๋žต์— ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ์ „์ˆ ์„ ๋”ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:15
human experience, machine's memory.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ๋”ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ํ…๋ฐ.
09:18
Could it be the perfect game ever played?
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์‹คํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
My idea came to life
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09:24
in 1998 under the name of Advanced Chess
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1998๋…„์— '์ง„๋ณด๋œ ์ฒด์Šค'๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ
09:28
when I played this human-plus-machine competition against another elite player.
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ํŒ€์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ์ˆ˜์™€ ์‹œํ•ฉ์„ ํŽผ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
But in this first experiment,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฒซ ์‹œ๋„์—์„œ
09:37
we both failed to combine human and machine skills effectively.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
Advanced Chess found its home on the internet,
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์ง„๋ณดํ˜• ์ฒด์Šค๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ๊ณ 
2005๋…„์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” ํ”„๋ฆฌ์Šคํƒ€์ผ ์ฒด์Šค ํ† ๋„ˆ๋จผํŠธ๊ฐ€
09:50
and in 2005, a so-called freestyle chess tournament
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๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
produced a revelation.
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09:59
A team of grandmasters and top machines participated,
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์ฒด์Šค ๊ทธ๋žœ๋“œ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ์™€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ํŒ€๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
10:02
but the winners were not grandmasters,
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์šฐ์Šน์ž๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žœ๋“œ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์Šˆํผ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
not a supercomputer.
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10:07
The winners were a pair of amateur American chess players
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ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ PC 3๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์•„๋งˆ์ถ”์–ด ์ฒด์Šค์„ ์ˆ˜ ํŒ€์ด ์šฐ์Šนํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:12
operating three ordinary PCs at the same time.
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10:17
Their skill of coaching their machines
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ฝ”์นญํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ
10:20
effectively counteracted the superior chess knowledge
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๋” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ฒด์Šค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
of their grandmaster opponents
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์ฒด์Šค ๊ทธ๋žœ๋“œ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ์™€ ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:28
and much greater computational power of others.
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10:33
And I reached this formulation.
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๊ทธ ํ›„ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณต์‹์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
A weak human player plus a machine
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์•ฝํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํŒ€์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด
10:39
plus a better process is superior
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ํ˜ผ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”์šฑ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
to a very powerful machine alone,
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10:45
but more remarkably, is superior to a strong human player
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๋” ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์—
10:49
plus machine
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๋’ค๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด์ฃ .
10:53
and an inferior process.
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์ด ์ผ๋กœ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ํ™•์‹ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
This convinced me that we would need
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11:02
better interfaces to help us coach our machines
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์ฃ .
11:06
towards more useful intelligence.
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11:10
Human plus machine isn't the future,
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:13
it's the present.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
Everybody that's used online translation
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
์™ธ๊ตญ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
11:19
to get the gist of a news article from a foreign newspaper,
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11:23
knowing its far from perfect.
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
11:25
Then we use our human experience
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์œผ๋กœ
11:27
to make sense out of that,
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
and then the machine learns from our corrections.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜์ฃ .
11:32
This model is spreading and investing in medical diagnosis, security analysis.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋ณด๊ธ‰๋˜์–ด ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ง„๋‹จ, ๋ณด์•ˆ ์ง„๋‹จ์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
The machine crunches data,
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:41
calculates probabilities,
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด์„œ
๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด 80%์ธ์ง€ 90%์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ
11:43
gets 80 percent of the way, 90 percent,
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11:46
making it easier for analysis
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ 
์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
and decision-making of the human party.
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11:54
But you are not going to send your kids
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„
90% ์ •ํ™•๋„์˜ ๋ฌด์ธ ์šด์ „ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ†ตํ•™ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
to school in a self-driving car with 90 percent accuracy,
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12:04
even with 99 percent.
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99%๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:07
So we need a leap forward
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
12:10
to add a few more crucial decimal places.
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์ •ํ™•๋„์˜ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์  ์ž๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๋†’์—ฌ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋”ฅ๋ธ”๋ฃจ์™€์˜ ์‹œํ•ฉ์„ ์น˜๋ฅด๊ณ  20๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์ง€๊ธˆ
12:19
Twenty years after my match with Deep Blue,
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12:24
second match,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋˜
12:25
this sensational "The Brain's Last Stand" headline
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'์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋‘๋‡Œ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ €ํ•ญ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋Š”
ํ”ํ•œ ๋ง์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
has become commonplace
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12:33
as intelligent machines
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์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€
12:36
move
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ
12:38
in every sector, seemingly every day.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—
12:42
But unlike in the past,
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12:45
when machines replaced
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€
12:48
farm animals, manual labor,
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๊ฐ€์ถ•๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ๋•Œ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
now they are coming after people with college degrees
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•™์œ„์™€ ์ •์น˜์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
and political influence.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์™€ ์‹ธ์›Œ์„œ ์กŒ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:56
And as someone who fought machines and lost,
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12:58
I am here to tell you this is excellent, excellent news.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง์—…์ด
13:03
Eventually, every profession
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13:05
will have to feel these pressures
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์••๋ฐ•์„ ๋Š๊ปด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
13:07
or else it will mean humanity has ceased to make progress.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ง„๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
We don't
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
13:17
get to choose
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์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
when and where technological progress stops.
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์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋””์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ง„๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋ฉˆ์ถœ์ง€ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
13:25
We cannot
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13:27
slow down.
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๋Š๋ ค์ ธ์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
In fact,
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค
13:31
we have to speed up.
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์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
Our technology excels at removing
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํƒ์›”ํ•จ์€
13:41
difficulties and uncertainties from our lives,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์€
13:47
and so we must seek out
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13:49
ever more difficult,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ 
13:51
ever more uncertain challenges.
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๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:00
Machines have
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š”
14:03
calculations.
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์—ฐ์‚ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
We have understanding.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
14:07
Machines have instructions.
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ช…๋ น์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
We have purpose.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
14:12
Machines have
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š”
๊ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ 
14:17
objectivity.
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14:18
We have passion.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ด์ •์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
We should not worry about what our machines can do today.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
14:26
Instead, we should worry about what they still cannot do today,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
because we will need the help of the new, intelligent machines
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๋„์›€์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ
14:36
to turn our grandest dreams into reality.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์›๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฟˆ์„ ์‹คํ˜„์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ฟˆ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:42
And if we fail,
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14:44
if we fail, it's not because our machines are too intelligent,
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์‹คํŒจํ•œ ์›์ธ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
14:48
or not intelligent enough.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
If we fail, it's because we grew complacent
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์‹คํŒจ ์›์ธ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ์•ˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ 
14:55
and limited our ambitions.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ด๋ง์„ ์–ต๋ˆŒ๋ €๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:58
Our humanity is not defined by any skill,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ๋„ ์ •์˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
like swinging a hammer or even playing chess.
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๋ง์น˜๋ฅผ ํœ˜๋‘๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒด์Šค ๊ฒŒ์ž„์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ .
15:06
There's one thing only a human can do.
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์ธ๊ฐ„๋งŒ์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋”ฑ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:09
That's dream.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ฟˆ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฟ‰์‹œ๋‹ค.
15:12
So let us dream big.
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15:14
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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