Are we sexual omnivores? | Christopher Ryan

395,098 views ใƒป 2014-02-20

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Young-Lee Seo ๊ฒ€ํ† : Hwi Soo Kim
00:12
I'm going to go off script
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์ €๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ณธ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜
00:13
and make Chris quite nervous here
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๊ด€๊ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
00:15
by making this audience participation.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ธด์žฅ์‹œ์ผœ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
All right. Are you with me? Yeah. Yeah. All right.
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์ž. ์ค€๋น„๋˜์…จ์ฃ ? ๋„ค, ๋„ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
So what I'd like to do is have you raise your hand
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ํ˜น์‹œ ๋‚จ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์‹  ์  ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด
00:23
if you've ever heard a heterosexual couple having sex.
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์†์„ ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
Could be the neighbors, hotel room,
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์˜†์ง‘์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ˜ธํ…”์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
00:30
your parents. Sorry.
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ . ๋†๋‹ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
Okay. Pretty much everybody.
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๋„ค. ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ตฐ์š”.
00:34
Now raise your hand if the man was making
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:35
more noise than the woman.
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์†์„ ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
00:39
I see one guy there.
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๋‚จ์„ฑ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ด ์†์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค์ฃผ์…จ๊ตฐ์š”.
00:41
It doesn't count if it was you, sir.
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๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฉด ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:44
So his hand's down. And one woman. Okay.
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์†์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์…จ๊ตฐ์š”. ์•„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋„ ์žˆ๋„ค์š”. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
Sitting next to a loud guy.
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์—ฌ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์˜†์— ์•‰์•„๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
Now what does this tell us?
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์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
00:52
It tells us that human beings
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด
00:53
make noise when they have sex,
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์„น์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ 
00:55
and it's generally the woman who makes more noise.
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์ฃผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
This is known as female copulatory vocalization
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๋ฐ›์•„ ์ ์œผ์‹ค ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด
01:00
to the clipboard crowd.
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์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ต์„ฑ(FCV)์ด๋ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
I wasn't even going to mention this,
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊บผ๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:03
but somebody told me that Meg Ryan might be here,
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๋ฉ”๊ทธ ๋ผ์ด์–ธ์ด ์ด๊ณณ์— ์™€ ์žˆ์„์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
01:06
and she is the world's most famous
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๊ต์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ
01:09
female copulatory vocalizer.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
01:11
So I thought, got to talk about that.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด ๋ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:13
We'll get back to that a little bit later.
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
01:16
Let me start by saying human beings
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๋จผ์ € ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์€
01:18
are not descended from apes,
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ํ”ํžˆ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ฐ”์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
01:20
despite what you may have heard. We are apes.
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์œ ์ธ์›์˜ ์ž์†์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ธ์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
We are more closely related to the chimp and the bonobo
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์žฌ๋Ÿฌ๋“œ ๋‹ค์ด์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ €์„œ์— ๋‚˜์™€์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
01:25
than the African elephant is to the Indian elephant,
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์นจํŒฌ์ง€ ํ˜น์€ ๋ณด๋…ธ๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์€
01:28
as Jared Diamond pointed out in one of his early books.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ธ๋„ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
We're more closely related to chimps and bonobos
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋‚˜ ๋ณด๋…ธ๋ณด์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ •๋„๋Š”
01:36
than chimps and bonobos are related
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์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋‚˜ ๋ณด๋…ธ๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์žฅ๋ฅ˜์™€ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค
01:37
to any other primate --
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๋” ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
01:39
gorillas, orangutans, what have you.
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๊ณ ๋ฆด๋ผ, ์˜ค๋ž‘์šฐํƒ•, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:41
So we're extremely closely related to them,
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ต‰์žฅํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์‚ฌ์ด์ด๊ณ 
01:44
and as you'll see in terms of our behavior,
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ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ,
01:47
we've got some relationship as well.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
So what I'm asking today, the question
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์˜ค๋Š˜, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ 
01:51
I want to explore with you today is,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
what kind of ape are we in terms of our sexuality?
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'์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋™๋ฌผ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?'
01:58
Now, since Darwin's day there's been
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๋‹ค์œˆ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„๋กœ
02:00
what Cacilda and I have called
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์ €์™€ ์นด์‹ค๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์„ฑ์  ์ง„ํ™”์˜
02:02
the standard narrative of human sexual evolution,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํ๋ฆ„์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
and you're all familiar with it,
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๋‹ค๋“ค ์•„๋งˆ ์•„์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
even if you haven't read this stuff.
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๊ตณ์ด ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ์–ด๋„์š”.
02:09
The idea is that, as part of human nature,
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๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
02:12
from the beginning of our species' time,
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ
02:14
men have sort of leased women's reproductive potential
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๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒ์‹ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋…์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:18
by providing them with certain goods and services.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋™์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
Generally we're talking about meat, shelter, status,
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๋ณดํ†ต ๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ์ง‘, ์ง€์œ„,
02:25
protection, things like that.
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๋ณดํ˜ธ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:28
And in exchange, women have offered fidelity,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€์‹ , ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์ ˆ
02:30
or at least a promise of fidelity.
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๋˜๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์•ฝ์†์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:33
Now this sets men and women up in an oppositional relationship.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋†“๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
The war between the sexes is built right into our DNA, according to this vision. Right?
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์ด ๊ฐœ๋…์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚จ๋…€์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ DNA ์†์— ๋‚ด์žฅ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
02:43
What Cacilda and I have argued is that no,
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์นด์‹ค๋‹ค์™€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:47
this economic relationship,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„,
02:49
this oppositional relationship,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ ๊ด€๊ณ„,
02:51
is actually an artifact of agriculture,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋†๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
02:54
which only arose about 10,000 years ago at the earliest.
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๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ดค์ž 10,000๋…„ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
Anatomically modern human beings
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ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์ƒ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š”
03:00
have been around for about 200,000 years,
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์•ฝ 200,000๋…„ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ
03:03
so we're talking about five percent, at most,
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๊ธฐ๊ปํ•ด์•ผ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์•ฝ 5% ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰๋งŒ
03:06
of our time as a modern, distinct species.
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ด๊ณ  ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ข…(็จฎ)์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ƒํ™œํ•ด์™”๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:10
So before agriculture,
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๋†๊ฒฝ ์ด์ „,
03:13
before the agricultural revolution,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋†์—… ํ˜๋ช… ์ „
03:15
it's important to understand that human beings
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ
03:18
lived in hunter-gatherer groups that are
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์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ-์ฑ„์ง‘ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ƒํ™œํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:21
characterized wherever they're found in the world
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ๋˜๋“ ๊ฐ„์—
03:24
by what anthropologists called fierce egalitarianism.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ '๊ทน๋‹จ์  ํ‰๋“ฑ์ฃผ์˜'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
They not only share things,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ๋ฟ๋”๋Ÿฌ
03:30
they demand that things be shared:
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๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
03:33
meat, shelter, protection, all these things
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๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ์ง‘, ๋ณดํ˜ธ, ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
03:35
that were supposedly being traded to women
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์›๋ž˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ ธ
03:38
for their sexual fidelity, it turns out,
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์ˆ˜์ ˆ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ตํ™˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด, ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ
03:41
are shared widely among these societies.
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์ˆ˜๋ ต ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋‚ด์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ๊ณต์œ ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
Now I'm not saying that our ancestors
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์ด
03:46
were noble savages, and I'm not saying
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๊ณ ๊ท€ํ•œ ์•ผ๋งŒ์ธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
03:48
modern day hunter-gatherers are noble savages either.
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ-์ฑ„์ง‘์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ๊ท€ํ•œ ์•ผ๋งŒ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
What I'm saying is that this is simply
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ‰๋“ฑ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ
03:53
the best way to mitigate risk
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์ˆ˜๋ ต ์ฑ„์ง‘์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
03:55
in a foraging context.
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์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:57
And there's really no argument about this among anthropologists.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
All Cacilda and I have done is extend this sharing behavior to sexuality.
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์นด์‹ค๋‹ค์™€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚˜๋ˆ”์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:05
So we've argued that human sexuality
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
04:07
has essentially evolved, until agriculture,
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๋†๊ฒฝ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ
04:12
as a way of establishing and maintaining
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ
04:15
the complex, flexible social systems, networks,
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
that our ancestors were very good at,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ์ž˜ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
04:21
and that's why our species has survived so well.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์€ ์ด์œ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
Now, this makes some people uncomfortable,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฃผ์ œ๋“ค์€ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:28
and so I always need to take a moment in these talks
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด ๋ง์”€์„ ๋จผ์ € ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
to say, listen,
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'์ œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”,
04:32
I'm saying our ancestors were promiscuous,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ์ƒํ™œ์ด ๋‚œ์žกํ•˜๊ธด ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:35
but I'm not saying they were having sex with strangers.
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์™„์ „ ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
There were no strangers. Right?
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๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ . ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:39
In a hunter-gatherer band, there are no strangers.
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์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ-์ฑ„์ง‘ ๋‹จ์ฒด ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
You've known these people your entire life.
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์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ‰์ƒ ๋ด์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:43
So I'm saying, yes, there were overlapping sexual relationships,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์€ ๋„ค, ์„œ๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฒน์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
04:47
that our ancestors probably had several different sexual relationships
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:51
going on at any given moment in their adult lives.
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์„ฑ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์‚ถ์— ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋“  ํ•ญ์‹œ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
But I'm not saying they were having sex with strangers.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:57
I'm not saying that they didn't love the people they were having sex with.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด์™€ ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
And I'm not saying there was no pair-bonding going on.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚จ๋…€๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
05:03
I'm just saying it wasn't sexually exclusive.
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๊ทธ์ € ๋…์ ์  ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
And those of us who have chosen to be monogamous --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€์ผ์ฒ˜์ œ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค -
05:10
my parents, for example, have been married
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜์—ฌ
05:12
for 52 years monogamously,
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52๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ผ๋ถ€์ผ์ฒ˜์ œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
and if it wasn't monogamously, Mom and Dad,
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์ผ๋ถ€์ผ์ฒ˜์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€..
05:17
I don't want to hear about itโ€”
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๋ญ ๋”ฑํžˆ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ์š”. -
05:19
I'm not criticizing this and I'm not saying
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์–ด์จŒ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋น„๋‚œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
05:22
there's anything wrong with this.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
What I'm saying is that to argue
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:25
that our ancestors were sexual omnivores
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์žก์‹์„ฑ ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
05:30
is no more a criticism of monogamy
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์ผ๋ถ€์ผ์ฒ˜์ œ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋‚œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:32
than to argue that our ancestors were dietary omnivores
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์žก์‹์„ฑ ์‹์Šต๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ 
05:36
is a criticism of vegetarianism.
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์ฑ„์‹์ฃผ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋น„๋‚œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
You can choose to be a vegetarian,
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์ฑ„์‹์ฃผ์˜์ž์ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:41
but don't think that just because you've made that decision,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
05:44
bacon suddenly stops smelling good.
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๋ฒ ์ด์ปจ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆํ˜„๋“ฏ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
05:46
Okay? So this is my point.
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์•„์…จ์ฃ ? ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:52
That one took a minute to sink in, huh?
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ข€ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์…จ๋„ค์š”, ๊ทธ์ฃ ?
05:55
Now, in addition to being a great genius,
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์ž, ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ฒœ์žฌ์ผ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:57
a wonderful man, a wonderful husband,
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๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด์ž ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋‚จํŽธ์ด๊ณ 
06:00
a wonderful father, Charles Darwin
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๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์˜€๋˜ ์ฐฐ์Šค ๋‹ค์œˆ์€
06:01
was also a world-class Victorian prude.
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๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋‚ด์ˆญ์Ÿ์ด ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
All right? He was perplexed
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์–ด๋• ๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”? ๋‹ค์œˆ์€ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์™€ ๋ณด๋…ธ๋ณด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ
06:07
by the sexual swellings of certain primates,
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ํŠน์ • ์œ ์ธ์›๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๊ธฐ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
06:10
including chimps and bonobos,
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ํ˜ผ๋ž€์— ๋น ์กŒ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
06:12
because these sexual swellings tend to provoke
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(์•”์ปท ํšŒ์Œ๋ถ€์˜) ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์ด
06:14
many males to mate with the females.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์ปท์ด ์•”์ปท๊ณผ ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
So he couldn't understand why on Earth would the female have developed this thing
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์œˆ์€ ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์™œ ์•”์ปท์—๊ฒŒ ํšŒ์Œ์ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:20
if all they were supposed to be doing is forming their pair bond, right?
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋‘˜์ด์„œ ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ž–์•„์š”, ๊ทธ์ฃ ?
06:24
Chimps and bonobos, Darwin didn't really know this,
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์นจํŒฌ์ง€์™€ ๋ณด๋…ธ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์œˆ์€ ์ž˜ ๋ชฐ๋ž์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
06:26
but chimps and bonobos mate
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์นจํŒฌ์ง€์™€ ๋ณด๋…ธ๋ณด๋Š”
06:28
one to four times per hour
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์„ฑ๊ธฐ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์‹œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹น 1~4ํšŒ,
06:30
with up to a dozen males per day
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ์ตœ๋Œ€ 12๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ปท๊ณผ
06:33
when they have their sexual swellings.
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์ง์ง“๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
Interestingly, chimps have sexual swellings
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์‹ ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„, ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ธฐ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด
06:38
through 40 percent, roughly,
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์›”๊ฒฝ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ
06:40
of their menstrual cycle,
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๋Œ€๋žต ํ•œ 40% ์ •๋„ ๋˜๊ณ 
06:42
bonobos 90 percent,
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๋ณด๋…ธ๋ณด๋Š” 90% ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
and humans are among the only species on the planet
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋“ค ์ค‘
06:48
where the female is available for sex
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์›”๊ฒฝ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋‚ด
06:50
throughout the menstrual cycle,
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์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ์„ฑ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
whether she's menstruating, whether she's post-menopausal,
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์›”๊ฒฝ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด๋“ , ํ๊ฒฝ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด๋“ ,
06:55
whether she's already pregnant.
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์ž„์‹ ์„ ํ–ˆ๋“  ๊ฐ„์—์š”.
06:56
This is vanishingly rare among mammals.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํฌ์œ  ๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์žˆ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
So it's a very interesting aspect of human sexuality.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฉด์ด์ฃ .
07:04
Now, Darwin ignored the reflections
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์œˆ์€
07:07
of the sexual swelling in his own day,
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋“ฏ
07:10
as scientists tend to do sometimes.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ƒ์• ๋™์•ˆ ์„ฑ๊ธฐ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
So what we're talking about is sperm competition.
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๋˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •์ž ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
07:16
Now the average human ejaculate has about 300 million sperm cells,
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ํ‰๊ท  ๋‚จ์„ฑ์€ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์— ์•ฝ 3์–ต๊ฐœ์˜ ์ •์ž๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:20
so it's already a competitive environment.
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์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
The question is whether these sperm are competing against other men's sperm
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ด ์ •์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ์ •์ž์™€ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€,
07:26
or just their own.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ .
07:27
There's a lot to talk about in this chart.
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์ด ๋„ํ‘œ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ค„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
The one thing I'll call your attention to right away
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ชฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€
07:32
is the little musical note above the female chimp and bonobo and human.
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์•”์ปท ์นจํŒฌ์ง€, ๋ณด๋…ธ๋ณด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์Œํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
That indicates female copulatory vocalization.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๊ต์„ฑ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
Just look at the numbers.
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์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
07:41
The average human has sex
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์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ
07:43
about 1,000 times per birth.
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ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ์•ฝ 1,000๋ฒˆ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
If that number seems high for some of you,
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์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
07:49
I assure you it seems low for others in the room.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
We share that ratio with chimps and bonobos.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์€ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€, ๋ณด๋…ธ๋ณด์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
We don't share it with the other three apes,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ์ธ์› ์„ธ ์ข…,
07:57
the gorilla, the orangutan and the gibbon,
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๊ณ ๋ฆด๋ผ, ์˜ค๋ž‘์šฐํƒ„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ(gibbon)๋“ค์€
07:59
who are more typical of mammals,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํฌ์œ  ๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์„œ
08:01
having sex only about a dozen times per birth.
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ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜ ์•ฝ 12๋ฒˆ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ฃ .
08:04
Humans and bonobos are the only animals that have sex face-to-face
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์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋ณด๋…ธ๋ณด๋Š” ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผ๋ณด๋ฉฐ
08:08
when both of them are alive.
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์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:15
And you'll see that the human, chimp and bonobo
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„, ์นจํŒฌ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋…ธ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘
08:19
all have external testicles, which in our book
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๊ณ ํ™˜์ด ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์™€์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
08:21
we equate to a special fridge you have in the garage
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฐฝ๊ณ  ์•ˆ์— ๋งฅ์ฃผ ์ „์šฉ์˜
08:25
just for beer.
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
08:27
If you're the kind of guy who has a beer fridge
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๋งฅ์ฃผ์šฉ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ–์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
08:30
in the garage, you expect a party to happen
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ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ œ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋“  ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ 
08:32
at any moment, and you need to be ready.
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์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ผ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
That's what the external testicles are.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ํ™˜์ด ์™ธ๋ถ€๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
They keep the sperm cells cool
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์ •์ž๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๊ฐ‘๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ์จ
08:39
so you can have frequent ejaculations.
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์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:41
I'm sorry. It's true.
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์ฃ„์†กํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
The human, some of you will be happy to hear,
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ปํ•˜์‹ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:48
has the largest, thickest penis of any primate.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์žฅ๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋‘๊บผ์šด ์Œ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
Now, this evidence goes way beyond anatomy.
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์ด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์— ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์„œ
08:53
It goes into anthropology as well.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™๊ณผ๋„ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
Historical records are full of accounts of people
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์—ญ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
08:58
around the world who have sexual practices
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
09:00
that should be impossible
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ์„ฑ์  ์ง„ํ™”์ƒ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜๋˜
09:02
given what we have assumed about human sexual evolution.
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์„ฑ์  ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
These women are the Mosuo from southwestern China.
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๋‚จ์„œ์ชฝ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šค์˜ค ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
In their society, everyone, men and women,
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์ด๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋‘
09:11
are completely sexually autonomous.
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์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž์œจ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
There's no shame associated with sexual behavior.
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์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ฌ์„ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:16
Women have hundreds of partners.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋ช…๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
It doesn't matter. Nobody cares. Nobody gossips. It's not an issue.
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์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”. ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์†Œ๋ฌธ๋‚ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†๊ณ ์š”. ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
When the woman becomes pregnant,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ž„์‹ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
09:23
the child is cared for by her, her sisters, and her brothers.
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๋ณธ์ธ๊ณผ ์–ธ๋‹ˆ ์˜ค๋น ๋“ค์ด ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
The biological father is a nonissue.
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ „์  ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
On the other side of the planet, in the Amazon,
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์ง€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ, ์•„๋งˆ์กด์—์„œ๋Š”
09:31
we've got many tribes which practice
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์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด "๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์นœ์ž"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”
09:34
what anthropologists call partible paternity.
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ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
These people actually believe --
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์€ -
09:39
and they have no contact among them,
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๋ถ€์กฑ๊ฐ„ ์ ‘์ด‰์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
09:41
no common language or anything,
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๊ณต์šฉ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
09:42
so it's not an idea that spread,
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์–ด๋””์„ ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํŒŒ๋œ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
09:44
it's an idea that's arisen around the world --
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”-
09:46
they believe that a fetus is literally made
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํƒœ์•„๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
09:48
of accumulated semen.
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๋ชจ์—ฌ์ง„ ์ •์ž๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
So a woman who wants to have a child
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์›ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ , ํž˜ ์„ผ
09:53
who's smart and funny and strong
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์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€
09:55
makes sure she has lots of sex with the smart guy,
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๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ์›ƒ๊ธด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํž˜ ์„ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ
09:57
the funny guy and the strong guy,
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๋งŽ์€ ์„ฑ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์„œ
09:59
to get the essence of each of these men into the baby,
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๊ฐ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์„ 2์„ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ฌ์–ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
and then when the child is born,
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๊ทธ ํ›„ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด
10:03
these different men will come forward
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๊ฐ์ž ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚˜์™€
10:05
and acknowledge their paternity of the child.
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์•„์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์นœ๋ถ€ ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
So paternity is actually sort of a team endeavor
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์นœ๋ถ€๊ถŒ์ด ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š”
10:11
in this society.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ธ ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ .
10:13
So there are all sorts of examples like this
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์ œ ์ฑ…์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
10:15
that we go through in the book.
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
Now, why does this matter?
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์ž, ์™œ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
10:21
Edward Wilson says we need to understand
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์—๋“œ์›Œ๋“œ ์œŒ์Šจ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์„ฑ์ด
10:23
that human sexuality is first a bonding device
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ํ˜•์„ฑ์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ์ด๊ณ 
10:26
and only secondarily procreation.
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์ถœ์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
I think that's true. This matters because
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
10:31
our evolved sexuality is in direct conflict
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง„ํ™”๋œ ์„ฑ์€
10:34
with many aspects of the modern world.
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๊ทผ๋Œ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์ˆœ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
The contradictions between what we're told
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ ํ• ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
10:39
we should feel and what we actually do feel
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š”
10:43
generates a huge amount of unnecessary suffering.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
My hope is that a more accurate,
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์ œ ํฌ๋ง์€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
10:50
updated understanding of human sexuality
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๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€
10:52
will lead us to have greater tolerance for ourselves,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ํƒ€์ธ์—๊ฒŒ
10:55
for each other,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์šฉ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ 
10:57
greater respect for unconventional relationship configurations
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๋™์„ฑ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
11:01
like same-sex marriage or polyamorous unions,
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๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์กด์ค‘ํ•ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
11:06
and that we'll finally put to rest the idea
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์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด
11:09
that men have some innate, instinctive right
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์ œํ•  ์„ ์ฒœ์ , ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
11:12
to monitor and control women's sexual behavior.
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์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
11:19
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
And we'll see that it's not only gay people
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฒŒ์ด๋“ค๋งŒ
11:24
that have to come out of the closet.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์„ฑ์ทจํ–ฅ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜€์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
We all have closets we have to come out of. Right?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐํ˜€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์ฃ ?
11:29
And when we do come out of those closets,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋“œ๋””์–ด ๊ทธ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ๋ฐํ˜”์„ ๋•Œ,
11:30
we'll recognize that our fight is not with each other,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ธ์›€์€ ์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ„์— ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:34
our fight is with an outdated, Victorian sense of human sexuality
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์š•๋ง๊ณผ ์†Œ์œ ์š•์„ ์œตํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ 
11:39
that conflates desire with property rights,
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์ดํ•ด์™€ ๊ณต๊ฐ ๋Œ€์‹ 
11:42
generates shame and confusion
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์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ฌ๊ณผ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ์‹ฌ๋Š”
11:45
in place of understanding and empathy.
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๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ตฌ์‹ ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ์˜ ์‹ธ์›€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
It's time we moved beyond Mars and Venus,
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ํ™”์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธˆ์„ฑ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„ค ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ  (์—ญ์ž: ํ™”์„ฑ์—์„œ ์˜จ ๋‚จ์ž, ๊ธˆ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์˜จ ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋น—๋Œ€์–ด)
11:50
because the truth is
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์‹ค
11:52
that men are from Africa
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๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค๋„ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ
11:53
and women are from Africa.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ์œ ๋ก€๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
11:55
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:06
Chris Anderson: Thank you. Christopher Ryan: Thank you.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ : ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํผ ๋ผ์ด์•ˆ : ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
CA: So a question.
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์—”๋”์Šจ: ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
It's so perplexing, trying to use arguments
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
12:14
about evolutionary history
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์ง„ํ™”์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
12:17
to turn that into what we ought to do today.
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฐฉ์นจ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์˜์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
Someone could give a talk and say,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ณณ์— ๋‚˜์™€์„œ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
12:22
look at us, we've got these really sharp teeth
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'์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋พฐ์กฑํ•œ ์ด๋นจ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
12:25
and muscles and a brain that's really good
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๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋˜์ง€๊ธฐ์— ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ
12:27
at throwing weapons,
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๊ทผ์œก๊ณผ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
and if you look at lots of societies around the world,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
12:31
you'll see very high rates of violence.
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๋†’์€ ํญ๋ ฅ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
12:34
Nonviolence is a choice like vegetarianism,
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'๋น„ํญ๋ ฅ์€ ์ฑ„์‹์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ ํƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
12:37
but it's not who you are.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ณธ ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ž–์•„์š”.
12:39
How is that different
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์ด ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
12:41
from the talk you gave?
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์–ด๋–ค ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
12:44
CR: Well first of all, the evidence
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๋ผ์ด์–ธ : ๋จผ์ €, ์„ ์‚ฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋†’์€ ํญ๋ ฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
12:48
for high levels of violence in prehistory
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
12:50
is very debatable.
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๋…ผ๋ž€์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
But that's just an example.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ˆ์‹œ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๊ณ ์š”.
12:55
Certainly, you know, lots of people say to me,
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
just because we lived a certain way in the past
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด์•„์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
13:01
doesn't mean we should live that way now, and I agree with that.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ €๋„ ๋™๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
Everyone has to respond to the modern world.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„์•ผ์ฃ .
13:07
But the body does have its inherent
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด๋Š”
13:11
evolved trajectories.
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๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ์ง„ํ™” ๊ถค๋„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
And so you could live on McDonald's and milkshakes,
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๋ฉ•๋„๋‚ ๋“œ ์Œ์‹๊ณผ ๋ฐ€ํฌ ์‰์ดํฌ๋งŒ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‚ด ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
13:18
but your body will rebel against that. We have appetites.
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๋ชธ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹์š•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์ž–์•„์š”.
13:21
I think it was Schopenhauer who said,
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์‡ผํŽœํ•˜์šฐ์–ด์˜ ๋ง์ด์—ˆ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
13:23
a person can do what they want
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"์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
13:26
but not want what they want.
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
13:28
And so what I'm arguing against
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
13:30
is the shame that's associated with desires.
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์š•๋ง์— ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
It's the idea that if you love your husband or wife
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๋‚จํŽธ์ด๋‚˜ ์•„๋‚ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
13:35
but you still are attracted to other people,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋Œ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:38
there's something wrong with you,
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
13:39
there's something wrong with your marriage,
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
13:41
something wrong with your partner.
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
I think a lot of families are fractured
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€์ •๋“ค์ด
13:44
by unrealistic expectations
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ
13:46
that are based upon this false vision of human sexuality.
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๋น„ํ˜ˆ์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณ ํ†ต ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
That's what I'm trying to get at.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ๊ณ ์š”.
13:51
CA: Thank you. Communicated powerfully. Thanks a lot.
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์•ค๋”์Šจ : ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
CR: Thank you, Chris. (Applause)
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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