Roger Ebert: Remaking my voice

190,352 views ใƒป 2011-04-14

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: JY Kang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Hanyi Kim
00:15
Roger Ebert: These are my words, but this is not my voice.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ €์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
This is Alex, the best computer voice
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค(Alex)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
I've been able to find,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์Œ์„ฑ์ด์ฃ .
00:22
which comes as standard equipment on every Macintosh.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋งคํ‚จํ† ์‹œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด์žฅ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
For most of my life,
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์ œ ์ผ์ƒ๋™์•ˆ,
00:27
I never gave a second thought to my ability to speak.
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๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์จ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ๋‹จ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
It was like breathing.
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์ˆจ์‰ฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜€์ฃ .
00:32
In those days, I was living in a fool's paradise.
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ํ™˜์ƒ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
After surgeries for cancer
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์•”์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„์—,
00:37
took away my ability to speak, eat or drink,
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์ €๋Š” ๋งํ•˜๊ณ , ๋จน๊ณ , ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
I was forced to enter this virtual world
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ์‚ถ์„ ์˜์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”
00:42
in which a computer does some of my living for me.
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๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋– ๋ฐ€๋ ค ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
For several days now,
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์š” ๋ฉฐ์น ๋™์•ˆ,
00:47
we have enjoyed brilliant and articulate speakers here at TED.
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TED์—์„œ ์–ธ๋ณ€์žˆ๊ณ  ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
I used to be able to talk like that.
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์ €๋„ ํ•œ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žฌ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:52
Maybe I wasn't as smart,
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค ๋งŒํผ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์–ด๋„,
00:54
but I was at least as talkative.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ง์€ ๋งŽ์•˜์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
I want to devote my talk today
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์–˜๊ธฐ๋Š”
00:58
to the act of speaking itself,
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๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
and how the act of speaking or not speaking
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๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด
01:02
is tied so indelibly to one's identity
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๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
01:04
as to force the birth of a new person
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•—์•„๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ถ์„
01:06
when it is taken away.
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์‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
However, I've found that listening to a computer voice
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์Œ์„ฑ์„ ์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
01:10
for any great length of time
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์ง€๋ฃจํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
01:12
can be monotonous.
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์ง€๋ฃจํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
01:14
So I've decided to recruit some of my TED friends
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์ œ ์›๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹  ์ฝ์–ด์ค„ ์ œ TED ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์˜
01:17
to read my words aloud for me.
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๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
I will start with my wife, Chaz.
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์ œ ์•„๋‚ด ์ฒด์ฆˆ(Chaz)๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:25
Chaz Ebert: It was Chaz who stood by my side
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์ฒด์ฆˆ ์—๋ฒ„ํŠธ : ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:27
through three attempts to reconstruct my jaw
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์„ธ๋ฒˆ์˜ ํ„ฑ๋ผˆ ์žฌ๊ฑด ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
01:31
and restore my ability to speak.
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์ œ ์•„๋‚ด ์ฒด์ฆˆ๋Š” ์ œ ๊ณ์„ ๋Š˜ ์ง€์ผœ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
Going into the first surgery
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2006๋…„์— ์นจ์ƒ˜์•”์ด ์žฌ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ
01:36
for a recurrence of salivary cancer
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์ฒซ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„,
01:38
in 2006,
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์ฒซ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„,
01:40
I expected to be out of the hospital
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๋ฌด์‚ฌํžˆ ํ‡ด์›ํ•ด์„œ ์ €์˜ ์˜ํ™”๋น„ํ‰ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ
01:43
in time to return to my movie review show,
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'์—๋ฒ„ํŠธ์™€ ๋กœํผ์˜ ์˜ํ™”์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ' ์—
01:45
'Ebert and Roeper at the Movies.'
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
I had pre-taped enough shows
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์ˆ˜์ˆ ํ›„ ํšŒ๋ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์„œ
01:50
to get me through six weeks of surgery
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๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ 6์ฃผ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐฉ์†ก๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰์„
01:53
and recuperation.
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์‚ฌ์ „๋…นํ™” ํ•ด๋‘๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:55
The doctors took a fibula bone from my leg
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์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์ œ ์ข…์•„๋ฆฌ๋ผˆ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊ณผ
01:58
and some tissue from my shoulder
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์–ด๊นจ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๋–ผ์–ด๋‚ด์„œ
02:00
to fashion into a new jaw.
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์ €์˜ ์ธ๊ณตํ„ฑ๋ผˆ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
My tongue, larynx and vocal cords
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์ œ ํ˜€์™€ ํ›„๋‘, ์„ฑ๋Œ€๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ
02:07
were still healthy and unaffected.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„๋ฌด๋ ‡์ง€๋„ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:12
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:23
CE: I was optimistic,
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์ €๋Š” ๋‚™์ฒœ์ฃผ์˜์ž์˜€๊ณ ,
02:25
and all was right with the world.
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์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
The first surgery was a great success.
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์ฒซ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
I saw myself in the mirror
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๊ฑฐ์šธ์— ๋น„์นœ ์ œ ๋ชจ์Šต๋„
02:32
and I looked pretty good.
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๊ฝค ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„ ๋ณด์˜€์ฃ .
02:35
Two weeks later, I was ready to return home.
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2์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ณ , ์ง‘์— ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
02:38
I was using my iPod
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์•„์ดํŒŸ์œผ๋กœ ๋ ˆ์˜ค๋‚˜๋“œ ์ฝ”ํ—จ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ž˜
02:40
to play the Leonard Cohen song
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์•„์ดํŒŸ์œผ๋กœ ๋ ˆ์˜ค๋‚˜๋“œ ์ฝ”ํ—จ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ž˜
02:42
'I'm Your Man'
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'I'm Your Man'์„
02:44
for my doctors and nurses.
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์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
Suddenly, I had an episode of catastrophic bleeding.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ, ๊ธ‰์„ฑ์ถœํ˜ˆ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
My carotid artery had ruptured.
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๊ฒฝ๋™๋งฅ์ด ๋Š์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:54
Thank God I was still in my hospital room
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ‘์›์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:57
and my doctors were right there.
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์˜†์— ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒœ๋งŒ๋‹คํ–‰์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
Chaz told me
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ํ›„์— ์ฒด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:03
that if that song hadn't played for so long,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ๊ทธ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ธธ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋”๋ผ๋ฉด,
03:05
I might have already been in the car, on the way home,
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์ „ ๋ฒŒ์จ ์ฐจ์— ์˜ฌ๋ผํƒ€ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ํ…Œ๊ณ ,
03:08
and would have died right there and then.
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๋„์ค‘์— ์ฆ‰์‚ฌํ–ˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
03:11
So thank you, Leonard Cohen,
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๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ ˆ์˜ค๋‚˜๋“œ ์ฝ”ํ—จ์”จ.
03:13
for saving my life.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚ด ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:16
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
03:20
There was a second surgery --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , 5์ผ์ธ๊ฐ€ 6์ผ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ
03:22
which held up for five or six days
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:24
and then it also fell apart.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ๋™๋งฅ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Š์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
And then a third attempt,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๋„์—์„œ
03:29
which also patched me back together pretty well,
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ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
03:32
until it failed.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋˜ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:36
A doctor from Brazil said
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์—์„œ ์˜จ ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ
03:38
he had never seen anyone survive
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๊ฒฝ๋™๋งฅ์ด ๋Š์–ด์ง€๊ณ ๋„ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
03:41
a carotid artery rupture.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
03:44
And before I left the hospital,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋ณ‘์›์— ์ž…์›ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:47
after a year of being hospitalized,
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ํ‡ด์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „, 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์—
03:50
I had seven ruptures
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๊ฒฝ๋™๋งฅ์ด ์ผ๊ณฑ๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜
03:52
of my carotid artery.
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๋Š์–ด์กŒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
There was no particular day
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๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ 
03:56
when anyone told me
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๋งํ•ด ์ค€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
03:58
I would never speak again;
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
04:00
it just sort of became obvious.
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์ด๋ฏธ ๊ธฐ์ •์‚ฌ์‹ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋˜์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
Human speech
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ง์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
04:05
is an ingenious manipulation of our breath
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๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๋‚ด์˜ ์šธ๋ฆผํ†ต๊ณผ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
04:08
within the sound chamber of our mouth
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ํ˜ธํก์„ ๊ต๋ฌ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
04:11
and respiratory system.
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
We need to be able to hold and manipulate that breath
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ˜ธํก์„ ์ฐธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:17
in order to form sounds.
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์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:20
Therefore, the system
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žก์•„๋‘๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
04:22
must be essentially airtight
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€ํ๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
in order to capture air.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€ํ๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
Because I had lost my jaw,
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์ œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ„ฑ์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:30
I could no longer form a seal,
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๋”์ด์ƒ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋‘ฌ ๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ ,
04:32
and therefore my tongue
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๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด, ์ œ ํ˜€์™€
04:34
and all of my other vocal equipment
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์€
04:37
was rendered powerless.
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์“ธ๋ชจ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
Dean Ornish: At first for a long time,
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๋”˜ ์˜ค๋‹ˆ์‰ฌ : ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š”
04:43
I wrote messages in notebooks.
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๋…ธํŠธ์— ๊ธ€์„ ์จ์„œ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
Then I tried typing words on my laptop
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ 
04:47
and using its built in voice.
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๋‚ด์žฅ๋œ ์Œ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:49
This was faster,
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋” ๋นจ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
and nobody had to try to read my handwriting.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ œ ์†๊ธ€์”จ๋ฅผ ์ฝ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:53
I tried out various computer voices that were available online,
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์ €๋Š” ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์— ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์Œ์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
and for several months I had a British accent,
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ํ•œ๋•Œ๋Š” 7๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์˜๊ตญ ์–ต์–‘์˜ ์Œ์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:58
which Chaz called Sir Lawrence."
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์ฒด์ฆˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฑธ '๋กœ๋ Œ์Šค ๊ฒฝ'์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:02
"It was the clearest I could find.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์จ ๋ณธ ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์Œ์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
Then Apple released the Alex voice,
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๊ทธ ํ›„, ์• ํ”Œ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์Œ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:06
which was the best I'd heard.
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๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ๊ฑฐ ์ค‘์— ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
It knew things like the difference
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์Œ์„ฑ์€
05:10
between an exclamation point and a question mark.
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๋Š๋‚Œํ‘œ์™€ ๋ฌผ์Œํ‘œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
When it saw a period, it knew how to make a sentence
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๋งˆ์นจํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉด, ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค๋Š” ์–ผ๋ฒ„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
05:14
sound like it was ending instead of staying up in the air.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค๋„๋ก ๋ฐœ์Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
There are all sorts of html codes you can use
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ HTML ์ฝ”๋“œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
05:20
to control the timing and inflection of computer voices,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์Œ์„ฑ์˜ ์†๋„๋‚˜ ์–ต์–‘๋„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
and I've experimented with them.
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์ €๋„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์ฃ .
05:25
For me, they share a fundamental problem: they're too slow.
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์ €์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์€, ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Š๋ฆฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
When I find myself in a conversational situation,
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๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋‹ฅ์ณค์„ ๋•Œ,
05:31
I need to type fast and to jump right in.
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์ œ ๋•Œ์— ๋ง์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํƒ€์ž๋ฅผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ณ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
People don't have the time or the patience
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๋‹จ์–ด๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
05:37
to wait for me to fool around with the codes
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์ž…๋ ฅ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋“ค๊ณผ ์”จ๋ฆ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ,
05:39
for every word or phrase.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
05:41
But what value do we place on the sound of our own voice?
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
05:44
How does that affect who you are as a person?
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฒฉ์ฒด์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
05:47
When people hear Alex speaking my words,
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์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ์ฝ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ,
05:49
do they experience a disconnect?
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์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ต๊ฐ์ด ๋Š์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚„๊นŒ์š”?
05:51
Does that create a separation or a distance
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์„œ๋กœ ํ—ค์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
05:53
from one person to the next?
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
05:56
How did I feel not being able to speak?
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๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์–ด๋–ค ๋Š๋‚Œ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
05:58
I felt, and I still feel,
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ์„
06:00
a lot of distance from the human mainstream.
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๋Š๋‚€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์•„์ง๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
I've become uncomfortable when I'm separated from my laptop.
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์ด์ œ ๋žฉํƒ‘์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ๋ถˆํŽธํ•  ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
Even then, I'm aware that most people have little patience
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ 
06:08
for my speaking difficulties.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์€ ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
So Chaz suggested finding a company that could make a customized voice
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฒด์ฆˆ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์Œ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ธธ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
using my TV show voice
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์ง€๋‚œ 30๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์ œ TV์‡ผ
06:16
from a period of 30 years.
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์Œ์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:18
At first I was against it.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ์ „ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
I thought it would be creepy
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์Œ์„ฑ์„
06:22
to hear my own voice coming from a computer.
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๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์™ ์ง€ ์˜ค์‹นํ•  ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์•„์„œ์š”.
06:24
There was something comforting about a voice that was not my own.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•จ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
But I decided then to just give it a try.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งˆ์Œ๋จน์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:29
So we contacted a company in Scotland
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์Œ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ œ์ž‘ํ•ด ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š”
06:31
that created personalized computer voices.
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ํ•œ ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ์—ฐ๋ฝ์„ ์ทจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
They'd never made one from previously-recorded materials.
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๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ๋…น์Œํ•ด ๋‘” ์Œ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณธ ์ ์€ ์—†๋‹ค๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
06:37
All of their voices had been made by a speaker
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์Œ์„ฑ์ œ์ž‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์Œ์›์€
06:39
recording original words in a control booth.
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๋ฌด์Œ์‹ค์—์„œ ๋…น์Œํ•œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
But they were willing to give it a try.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:43
So I sent them many hours of recordings of my voice,
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์ „ ์˜ํ™” DVD์— ์ˆ˜๋ก๋œ ์˜ํ™”ํ•ด์„ค ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊ณผ
06:46
including several audio commentary tracks
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๋ช‡์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์Œ์„ฑ๋…น์Œ ํŒŒ์ผ์„
06:48
that I'd made for movies on DVDs.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
And it sounded like me, it really did.
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์ œ์ž‘๋œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ €์™€ ๋˜‘ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
There was a reason for that; it was me.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:56
But it wasn't that simple.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
The tapes from my TV show weren't very useful
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์ œ TV์‡ผ์˜ ๋…นํ™”๋ณธ์€ ๋ณ„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
because there were too many other kinds of audio involved --
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๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์™ธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žก์Œ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์„ž์—ฌ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
07:04
movie soundtracks, for example, or Gene Siskel arguing with me --
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์˜ํ™” ์Œ์•…์ด๋‚˜ ์ €์™€ ๋ง์”จ๋ฆ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง„ ์‹œ์Šค์ผˆ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:07
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:09
and my words often had a particular emphasis
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ๋งํˆฌ์—๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
07:11
that didn't fit into a sentence well enough.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฝ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
I'll let you hear a sample of that voice.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์Œ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋“ค๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
07:16
These are a few of the comments I recorded for use
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์ด๊ฑด ์˜คํ”„๋ผ ์œˆํ”„๋ฆฌ ์‡ผ์— ์ €์™€ ์ œ ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ถœ์—ฐํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
07:19
when Chaz and I appeared on the Oprah Winfrey program.
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๋Œ€ํ™” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋…น์Œํ•ด ๋‘” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
And here's the voice we call Roger Jr.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋“ค๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์Œ์„ฑ์€ '๋กœ์ € ์ฃผ๋‹ˆ์–ด' ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
or Roger 2.0.
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๋กœ์ € 2.0 ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ฃ 
07:27
Roger 2.0: Oprah, I can't tell you how great it is
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๋กœ์ €2.0: ์˜คํ”„๋ผ, ํ† ํฌ์‡ผ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์„œ
07:29
to be back on your show.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ข‹์€์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
07:32
We have been talking for a long time,
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์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „์— ์ถœ์—ฐํ•œ ์ดํ›„๋กœ
07:35
and now here we are again.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋„ค์š”.
07:37
This is the first version of my computer voice.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์Œ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฒ„์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
It still needs improvement,
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์•„์ง ๊ฐœ์„ ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:42
but at least it sounds like me
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ HAL 9000๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
07:44
and not like HAL 9000.
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์ œ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํก์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
When I heard it the first time,
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์ด ์Œ์„ฑ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
07:49
it sent chills down my spine.
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๋“ฑ๊ณจ์ด ์˜ค์‹นํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:52
When I type anything,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
07:54
this voice will speak whatever I type.
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์ž…๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ฝ์–ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
When I read something, it will read in my voice.
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๋ญ๋“ ์ง€ ์ €์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ์ฃ .
07:59
I have typed these words in advance,
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์ด๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ด๋‘”๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
08:02
as I didn't think it would be thrilling
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€์ดํ•‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋Š”๊ฒŒ
08:04
to sit here watching me typing.
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๋ณ„๋กœ ์žฌ๋ฐŒ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ์š”.
08:06
The voice was created by a company in Scotland
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์ด ์Œ์„ฑ์€ ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ์„ธ๋ ˆํ”„๋ก(CereProc)์ด๋ผ๋Š”
08:09
named CereProc.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
It makes me feel good
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๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
08:13
that many of the words you are hearing were first spoken
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋“ค์œผ์‹œ๋Š” ์Œ์„ฑ์€ ์˜ํ™” '์นด์‚ฌ๋ธ”๋ž‘์นด'์™€
08:16
while I was commenting on "Casablanca"
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'์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ผ€์ธ'์˜ ์ฒซ ์˜ํ™”ํ‰ ๋…น์ŒํŒŒ์ผ๋กœ
08:19
and "Citizen Kane."
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๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
This is the first voice they've created for an individual.
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ฐœ์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
There are several very good voices available for computers,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์Œ์„ฑ์„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ๋” ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:28
but they all sound like somebody else,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ
08:31
while this voice sounds like me.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
I plan to use it on television, radio
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์ „ ์ด๊ฑธ TV, ๋ผ๋””์˜ค, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ๋„
08:37
and the Internet.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
People who need a voice should know
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๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ์•„๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
08:42
that most computers already come with built-in speaking systems.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์Œ์„ฑ์ง€์› ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋‚ด์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
Many blind people use them
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๋งน์ธ๋“ค์ด ์›นํŽ˜์ด์ง€์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„
08:47
to read pages on the Web to themselves.
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์ฝ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:50
But I've got to say, in first grade,
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ด๋ง์€ ํ•ด ๋‘ฌ์•ผ ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
they said I talked too much,
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๋‹ค๋“ค ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
08:54
and now I still can.
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์•„์ง๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ž์‹ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:59
Roger Ebert: As you can hear, it sounds like me,
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๋กœ์ € ์—๋ฒ„ํŠธ : ๋“ค์œผ์‹ ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
09:02
but the words jump up and down.
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๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๋†’๋‚ฎ์ด๋Š” ๋“ค์ญ‰๋‚ ์ญ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
The flow isn't natural.
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ํ๋ฆ„์ด ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
09:06
The good people in Scotland are still improving my voice,
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์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ๊ทธ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์•„์ง ๊ฐœ์„ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
and I'm optimistic about it.
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์ €๋„ ์ž˜ ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:11
But so far, the Apple Alex voice
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์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์• ํ”Œ์‚ฌ์˜ ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์Œ์„ฑ์ด
09:13
is the best one I've heard.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์€ ์ค‘์— ์ตœ๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
I wrote a blog about it
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
09:17
and actually got a comment from the actor who played Alex.
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์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋…น์Œํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ง๊ธ€์„ ๋‹ฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
He said he recorded many long hours in various intonations
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๊ทธ์˜ ๋ง์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์Œ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–ต์–‘์œผ๋กœ
09:23
to be used in the voice.
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๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋…น์Œ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
09:25
A very large sample is needed.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์Œ์„ฑ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:28
John Hunter: All my life I was a motormouth.
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์กด ํ—Œํ„ฐ : ์ „ ํ‰์ƒ ์ˆ˜๋‹ค์Ÿ์ด๋กœ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
Now I have spoken my last words,
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ง์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
and I don't even remember for sure
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ง์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€
09:36
what they were.
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๊ธฐ์–ต๋„ ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
I feel like the hero of that Harlan Ellison story
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ํ• ๋ž€ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์Šจ์˜ ๋‹จํŽธ '๋‚˜์—๊ฒ ๋น„๋ช…์„ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž…์ด ์—†๋‹ค(I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream)'์˜
09:41
titled "I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream."
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์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ด ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
On Wednesday, David Christian explained to us
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์ง€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜์š”์ผ, ๋ฐ์ด๋น— ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ฒœ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
what a tiny instant the human race represents
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์šฐ์ฃผ ํƒ„์ƒ์˜ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
09:51
in the time-span of the universe.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฑด ์•„์ฃผ ์งง์€ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
09:53
For almost all of its millions and billions of years,
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
09:56
there was no life on Earth at all.
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์— ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
For almost all the years of life on Earth,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๊ณ ๋„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ
10:02
there was no intelligent life.
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์ง€์  ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
Only after we learned to pass knowledge
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ํ•œ ์„ธ๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋กœ
10:06
from one generation to the next,
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์ง€์‹์„ ๋ฌผ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ์•ผ,
10:08
did civilization become possible.
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๋ฌธ๋ช…์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
In cosmological terms,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ก ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด,
10:12
that was about 10 minutes ago.
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๊ฒจ์šฐ 10๋ถ„ ์ „์— ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
Finally came mankind's most advanced and mysterious tool,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ์‹ ๋น„๋กœ์šด ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
the computer.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
That has mostly happened in my lifetime.
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์žฌ ์ƒ์• ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:24
Some of the famous early computers
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š”
10:26
were being built in my hometown of Urbana,
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์ €์˜ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ด์ž HAL 9000์˜ ํƒ„์ƒ์ง€์ธ
10:29
the birthplace of HAL 9000.
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์–ด๋ฐ”๋‚˜์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
When I heard the amazing talk
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์ง€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜์š”์ผ ์ƒˆ๋จผ ์นธ(Salman Khan)์˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์—์„œ
10:34
by Salman Khan on Wednesday,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•œ
10:36
about the Khan Academy website
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์นธ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์„
10:38
that teaches hundreds of subjects to students all over the world,
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์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ ๋Š”,
10:41
I had a flashback.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
It was about 1960.
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1960๋…„์˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
As a local newspaper reporter still in high school,
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๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ์ง€์—ญ์‹ ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ž๋กœ ํ™œ๋™ํ•  ๋•Œ,
10:49
I was sent over to the computer lab of the University of Illinois
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์ผ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ„ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
to interview the creators
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ํ”Œ๋ผํ† (PLATO)๋ผ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋ฅผ
10:54
of something called PLATO.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:56
The initials stood for Programmed Logic
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ํ”Œ๋ผํ† ๋Š” '์ž๋™ํ™” ๊ต์œกํ™œ๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
10:58
for Automated Teaching Operations.
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๋…ผ๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ'์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ์„œ ๋ถ™์ธ ์ด๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:02
This was a computer-assisted instruction system,
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๋‹น์‹œ ์ผ๋ฆฌ์•…(ILLIAC)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”
11:05
which in those days ran on a computer named ILLIAC.
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์ „์‚ฐํ™” ํ•™์Šต์ง€๋„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
The programmers said it could assist students in their learning.
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋จธ ์„ค๋ช…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ•™์Šต ๋„์šฐ๋ฏธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
11:12
I doubt, on that day 50 years ago,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๋จผ ์นธ์ด ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๋˜ ์ผ์„
11:15
they even dreamed of what Salman Khan has accomplished.
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์ด๋ฏธ 50๋…„์ „์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ๋†“์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:19
But that's not the point.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ตฌ์š”
11:21
The point is PLATO was only 50 years ago,
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ํ”Œ๋ผํ† ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒจ์šฐ 50๋…„ ๋ฐ–์—
11:24
an instant in time.
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๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
It continued to evolve and operated in one form or another
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๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๋”์šฑ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์—์„œ
11:29
on more and more sophisticated computers,
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ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด์„œ ์ตœ๊ทผ 5๋…„ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€
11:32
until only five years ago.
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์šด์˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
I have learned from Wikipedia
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์œ„ํ‚คํ”ผ๋””์•„์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๋‹ˆ
11:36
that, starting with that humble beginning,
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๋ณ„ ๋ณด์ž˜ ๊ฒƒ ์—†๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
11:39
PLATO established forums, message boards,
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ํ”Œ๋ผํ† ๋Š” ํ† ๋ก ๋ฐฉ, ๊ฒŒ์‹œํŒ,
11:42
online testing,
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์‹œํ—˜,
11:44
email, chat rooms,
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์ด๋ฉ”์ผ, ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฐฉ,
11:46
picture languages, instant messaging,
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๊ทธ๋ฆผ ์–ธ์–ด, ๋ฉ”์‹ ์ €,
11:49
remote screen sharing
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์›๊ฒฉ ํ™”๋ฉด๊ณต์œ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
11:51
and multiple-player games.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฟ์ด ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ์ž„๋„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
Since the first Web browser was also developed in Urbana,
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์›น๋ธŒ๋ผ์šฐ์ €๋„ ์–ด๋ฐ”๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
11:57
it appears that my hometown
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์ผ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์ด ๋‚จ๋ถ€์˜
11:59
in downstate Illinois
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์ œ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ
12:01
was the birthplace
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
12:03
of much of the virtual, online universe we occupy today.
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐœ์›์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹๊นŒ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:06
But I'm not here from the Chamber of Commerce.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ ํ•ด์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ณตํšŒ์˜์†Œ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
12:08
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:10
I'm here as a man who wants to communicate.
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์ €๋Š” ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์„ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:13
All of this has happened in my lifetime.
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์ œ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ๋Š˜ ์žˆ์–ด์™”๋˜ ์ผ์ด์ฃ 
12:16
I started writing on a computer back in the 1970s
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๊ฑด 1970๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
when one of the first Atech systems was installed
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์‹œ์นด๊ณ  ์„  ํƒ€์ž„์ฆˆ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์‚ฌ์— ์—์ดํ…์‚ฌ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€
12:22
at the Chicago Sun-Times.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ์„ค์น˜๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜€์ฃ .
12:25
I was in line at Radio Shack
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํœด๋Œ€์šฉ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์ธ Model 100์„ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
12:27
to buy one of the first Model 100's.
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๋ž˜๋””์˜ค์‰‘(Radio Shack) ๋งค์žฅ์—์„œ ์ค„์„ ์„œ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
12:30
And when I told the people in the press room at the Academy Awards
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ ์‹œ์ƒ์‹์˜ ์ทจ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ
12:33
that they'd better install some phone lines for Internet connections,
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๊ธฐ์ž์‹ค์— ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „ํ™”์„ ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ˆ
12:36
they didn't know what I was talking about.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์„ ์•Œ์•„๋“ฃ์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
When I bought my first desktop,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ ์ฒซ ๋ฐ์Šคํฌํƒ‘ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š”
12:41
it was a DEC Rainbow.
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DEC์‚ฌ์˜ '๋ ˆ์ธ๋ณด์šฐ'์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
Does anybody remember that?"
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๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„ ๊ณ„์„ธ์š”?
12:45
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:48
"The Sun Times sent me to the Cannes Film Festival
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์„ ํƒ€์ž„์ฆˆ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์นธ๋Š ์˜ํ™”์ œ๋กœ ์ทจ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
12:50
with a portable computer the size of a suitcase
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์„œ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ํœด๋Œ€์šฉ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
named the Porteram Telebubble.
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์ด๋ฆ„์ด 'ํฌํ„ฐ๋žจ ํ…”๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ธ”' ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:56
I joined CompuServe
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์ปดํ“จ์„œ๋ธŒ์—๋„ ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
12:58
when it had fewer numbers
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์ž…์ž์ˆ˜๊ฐ€
13:00
than I currently have followers on Twitter.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ œ ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ ํŒ”๋กœ์–ด ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ ๋์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:06
CE: All of this has happened
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CE : ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ๋“ค์€
13:08
in the blink of an eye.
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๋ˆˆ ๊นœ๋นกํ•  ์ƒˆ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
It is unimaginable
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์งˆ ์ง€
13:12
what will happen next.
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๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
It makes me incredibly fortunate
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
13:17
to live at this moment in history.
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ํฌ๋‚˜ ํฐ ํ–‰์šด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
Indeed, I am lucky to live in history at all,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์†์— ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‹คํ–‰์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
because without intelligence and memory
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์ง€์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:25
there is no history.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
13:27
For billions of years,
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ,
13:29
the universe evolved
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์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ๋งŒ๋ฌผ์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์˜ˆ๊ณ ์—†์ด
13:31
completely without notice.
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์ง„ํ™”ํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
Now we live in the age of the Internet,
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‹œ๋Œ€์—์„œ ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ
13:36
which seems to be creating a form of global consciousness.
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์˜จ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
And because of it,
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๊ทธ ๋•๋ถ„์—
13:41
I can communicate
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์ €๋Š” ์ด์ „์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
13:43
as well as I ever could.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์†Œํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
We are born into a box
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜
13:47
of time and space.
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์ž‘์€ ์ƒ์ž์†์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
We use words and communication
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๊ธ€๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
13:52
to break out of it
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๊ทธ ์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์™€
13:54
and to reach out to others.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
For me, the Internet began
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€
13:59
as a useful tool
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์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
and now has become something I rely on
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
14:04
for my actual daily existence.
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๋Š˜ ์˜์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
14:07
I cannot speak;
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์ „ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:09
I can only type so fast.
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ํƒ€์ดํ•‘์€ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
14:12
Computer voices
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์Œ์„ฑ์€
14:14
are sometimes not very sophisticated,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์„ธ๋ จ๋œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์€ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ,
14:17
but with my computer,
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์ „ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
14:19
I can communicate more widely
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๊ทธ ์ „ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ
14:21
than ever before.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์†Œํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:23
I feel as if my blog,
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์ œ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ,
14:26
my email, Twitter and Facebook
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์ด๋ฉ”์ผ, ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ, ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ ๋“ค์ด
14:29
have given me a substitute
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์ œ ์ผ์ƒ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ
14:31
for everyday conversation.
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๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ๋งˆ์ € ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
They aren't an improvement,
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์ œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ˜ธ์ „์‹œ์ผœ ์ฃผ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
14:36
but they're the best I can do.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
They give me a way to speak.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธธ์„ ์—ด์–ด์ฃผ์ฃ .
14:41
Not everybody has the patience
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ œ ์•„๋‚ด ์ฒด์ฆˆ๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜
14:44
of my wife, Chaz.
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์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
But online,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š”,
14:49
everybody speaks at the same speed.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋ง์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
This whole adventure
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๊ทธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ชจํ—˜์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์ด
14:56
has been a learning experience.
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์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์›€์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:58
Every time there was a surgery that failed,
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์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด ์‹คํŒจํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
15:01
I was left with a little less flesh and bone.
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์ „ ์ œ ์‚ด๊ณผ ๋ผˆ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ์žƒ์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:04
Now I have no jaw left at all.
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์ด์ œ ํ„ฑ๋ผˆ๋Š” ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:07
While harvesting tissue from both my shoulders,
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์ œ ์–‘์ชฝ ์–ด๊นจ์—์„œ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๋–ผ์–ด ๋‚ธ ํƒ“์—
15:10
the surgeries left me with back pain
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ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ ํ†ต์ฆ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ๊ณ ,
15:12
and reduced my ability to walk easily.
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๊ฑท๋Š” ์ผ๋„ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
Ironic that my legs are fine,
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์•„์ด๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ ๋‘๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•œ๋ฐ๋„
15:18
and it's my shoulders that slow up my walk.
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์–ด๊นจ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฑธ์Œ๊ฑธ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ ค์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
When you see me today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
15:23
I look like the Phantom of the Opera.
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๋งˆ์น˜ '์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ์˜ ์œ ๋ น'์˜ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต ๊ฐ™์•„ ๋ณด์ผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
But no you don't.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์ข€ ๋ง์•„์š”.
15:27
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
15:29
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
15:39
It is human nature to look at someone like me
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์ € ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ •์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด
15:42
and assume I have lost some of my marbles.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
People --
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ --
15:57
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
16:03
People talk loudly --
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ --
16:05
I'm so sorry.
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๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด์š”.
16:07
Excuse me.
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์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:09
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
16:13
People talk loudly and slowly to me.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:17
Sometimes they assume I am deaf.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ท€๊ฐ€ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
16:20
There are people who don't want to make eye contact.
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์ €๋ž‘ ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋งˆ์ฃผ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์›์น˜ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:24
Believe me, he didn't mean this as --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ง์€ --
16:26
anyway, let me just read it.
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์•„๋ฌดํŠผ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ฝ์„๊ป˜์š”.
16:28
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
16:33
You should never let your wife read something like this.
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๋‹ค์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜ํ•œํ…Œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ ์ฝ์œผ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์š”.
16:36
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
16:40
It is human nature
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์•„ํ”ˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ
16:42
to look away from illness.
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๋ˆˆ๊ธธ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:45
We don't enjoy a reminder
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์ด ํ—ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„
16:47
of our own fragile mortality.
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์ผ๊นจ์›Œ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฒ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ .
16:50
That's why writing on the Internet
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
16:52
has become a lifesaver for me.
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์ œ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ตฌ์›์ด ๋œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:54
My ability to think and write
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์ €์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ธ€ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์—๋Š”
16:57
have not been affected.
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์•„์ง ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:59
And on the Web, my real voice finds expression.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ €์˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
17:02
I have also met many other disabled people
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š”
17:05
who communicate this way.
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๋งŽ์€ ์žฅ์• ์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
One of my Twitter friends
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์ œ ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ ์นœ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
17:10
can type only with his toes.
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๋ฐœ๊ฐ€๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ€์ดํ•‘์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:12
One of the funniest blogs on the Web
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์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๋Š”
17:14
is written by a friend of mine
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:16
named Smartass Cripple.
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๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด '๋ถˆ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ์ฒœ์žฌ(Smart Ass Cripple)'์ฃ .
17:18
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
17:20
Google him and he will make you laugh.
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ์—์š”.
17:23
All of these people are saying, in one way or another,
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์ด๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:25
that what you see
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๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
17:27
is not all you get.
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์ „๋ถ€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ฃ .
17:29
So I have not come here to complain.
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๋ถˆํ‰ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:32
I have much to make me happy and relieved.
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์ ˆ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง˜ ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:35
I seem, for the time being,
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น๋ถ„๊ฐ„์€
17:37
to be cancer-free.
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์•”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฑ์ •๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:39
I am writing as well as ever.
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์˜ˆ์ „์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ธ€ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
17:41
I am productive.
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์ผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:43
If I were in this condition at any point
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์•„์ฃผ ์˜›๋‚  ์˜›์ ์—
17:46
before a few cosmological instants ago,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋๋”๋ผ๋ฉด
17:49
I would be as isolated as a hermit.
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์ „ ์•„๋งˆ ์€๋‘”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ง€๋ƒˆ์„ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:52
I would be trapped inside my head.
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๋ฏธ์ณ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์„ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
17:54
Because of the rush of human knowledge,
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ง€์‹์ด ๋„˜์ณ๋‚œ ๋•๋ถ„์—,
17:57
because of the digital revolution,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํ˜๋ช… ๋•๋ถ„์—,
17:59
I have a voice,
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์ €์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:01
and I do not need to scream.
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๊ณ ํ†ต์— ์ ˆ๊ทœํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
18:05
RE: Wait. I have one more thing to add.
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RE: ์ž ๊น๋งŒ์š”. ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ง๋ถ™์ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:10
A guy goes into a psychiatrist.
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ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:12
The psychiatrist says, "You're crazy."
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์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜์ฃ . "๋‹น์‹  ๋ฏธ์ณค์–ด์š”"
18:15
The guy says, "I want a second opinion."
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์—†๋‚˜์š”."
18:18
The psychiatrist says, "All right, you're ugly."
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์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ข‹์•„์š”. ๋‹น์‹  ๋ชป ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ด์š”."
18:22
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
18:25
You all know the test for artificial intelligence -- the Turing test.
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๋‹ค๋“ค ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์•„์‹œ์ฃ . 'ํŠœ๋ง ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ' ๋ง์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
18:29
A human judge has a conversation
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์‹œํ—˜๊ด€์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€
18:31
with a human and a computer.
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๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:33
If the judge can't tell the machine apart from the human,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด
18:36
the machine has passed the test.
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
18:39
I now propose a test for computer voices -- the Ebert test.
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์ €๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์Œ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์—๋ฒ„ํŠธ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฆ„๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:43
If a computer voice can successfully tell a joke
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์ฝ”๋ฉ”๋””์–ธ ํ—จ๋ฆฌ ์˜๋งจ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ
18:46
and do the timing and delivery as well as Henny Youngman,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๋“ฏํ•œ ๋†๋‹ด๋„ ๋˜์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์Œ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
18:49
then that's the voice I want.
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๊ทธ๊ฑฐ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:51
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)

Original video on YouTube.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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