Freeman Hrabowski: 4 pillars of college success in science | TED

101,554 views ・ 2013-04-08

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μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Morton Bast
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λ²ˆμ—­: Surie Lee κ²€ν† : μ„œμš° 남
00:12
So I'll be talking about the success of my campus,
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자, 저희 ν•™κ΅μ˜ 성과에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ–˜κΈ°ν• κ»˜μš”.
00:16
the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, UMBC,
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λ³Όν‹°λͺ¨μ–΄ μΉ΄μš΄ν‹° λ©”λ¦΄λžœλ“œ λŒ€ν•™, UMBCμ—μ„œλŠ”
00:19
in educating students of all types,
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예술 및 인문 κ³Όν•™ 및 곡학 뢄야에 걸쳐
00:22
across the arts and humanities and the science and engineering areas.
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λͺ¨λ“  λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ 학생듀을 κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
What makes our story especially important
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이 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ—μ„œ νŠΉλ³„νžˆ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 점은
00:30
is that we have learned so much from a group of students
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일반적으둜 ν•™μ—… μƒμœ„κΆŒμ— μœ„μΉ˜ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆκ³ 
00:35
who are typically not at the top of the academic ladder --
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νŠΉμ • λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ νŠΉμΆœλ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ˜ 학생듀과
00:39
students of color, students underrepresented in selected areas.
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μœ μƒ‰μΈμ’… ν•™μƒλ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 정말 λ§Žμ€ 것을 λ°°μ› λ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
And what makes the story especially unique
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그리고 우리 이야기λ₯Ό λ”μš± νŠΉλ³„ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것은
00:46
is that we have learned how to help African-American students, Latino students,
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μ €μ†Œλ“μΈ΅μ˜ 아프리카계와 라틴아메리카계 학생듀을
00:50
students from low-income backgrounds,
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λ„μ™€μ„œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ³Όν•™ 및 곡학 λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ
00:52
to become some of the best in the world in science and engineering.
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세계 μ΅œκ³ κ°€ λ˜λŠ” 지λ₯Ό λ°°μ› λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
And so I begin with a story about my childhood.
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제 μ–΄λ¦° μ‹œμ ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°β€‹β€‹λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν• κ»˜μš”.
00:59
We all are products of our childhood experiences.
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘ μ–΄λ¦° μ‹œμ ˆμ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ„ 가지고 μžˆμ§€μš”.
01:02
It's hard for me to believe that it's been 50 years
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벌써 50λ…„μ΄λ‚˜ μ§€λ‚¬λ‹€λŠ” 사싀이 믿기지 μ•Šμ•„μš”.
01:06
since I had the experience of being a ninth grade kid in Birmingham, Alabama,
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μ•ŒλΌλ°°λ§ˆμ˜ λ²„λ°ν–„μ—μ„œ 9ν•™λ…„μ΄μ—ˆμ„ λ•ŒλΆ€ν„° 말이죠.
01:12
a kid who loved getting A's,
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항상 A학점을 λ°›κΈ° μ’‹μ•„ν•˜κ³ ,
01:15
a kid who loved math, who loved to read,
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μˆ˜ν•™μ„ μ‚¬λž‘ν•˜κ³ , μ±… 읽기λ₯Ό μ’‹μ•„ν•˜κ³ ,
01:17
a kid who would say to the teacher --
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또 μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ—κ²Œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•˜κ³€ν–ˆλ˜ κΌ¬λ§ˆμ˜€μ–΄μš”.
01:20
when the teacher said, "Here are 10 problems," to the class,
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μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄ "μ—¬κΈ° 10문제λ₯Ό ν‘Έμ„Έμš”." 라고 ν•˜λ©΄,
01:23
this little fat kid would say, "Give us 10 more."
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이 μž‘μ€ λš±λš±ν•œ μ•„μ΄λŠ” "10 문제 더 λ‚΄ μ£Όμ„Έμš”." 라고 ν•˜κ³€ν–ˆμ£ .
01:27
And the whole class would say, "Shut up, Freeman."
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그러면 λͺ¨λ“  학생듀이 "프리먼, μž… λ‹₯쳐."라고 λ§ν•˜κ³€ ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:31
And there was a designated kicker every day.
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그리고 맀일 μ €λ₯Ό κ±·μ–΄μ°¨λŠ” 아이가 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
01:34
And so I was always asking this question:
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ „ 항상 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 묻고 ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:36
"Well how could we get more kids to really love to learn?"
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"μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό 더 λ§Žμ€ 아이듀이 λ°°μš°λŠ” κ±Έ 정말 μ’‹μ•„ν•˜κ²Œ 될까?"
01:42
And amazingly, one week in church,
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그리고 λ†€λžκ²Œλ„
01:45
when I really didn't want to be there
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κ΅νšŒμ— 정말 κ°€κ³  싢지 μ•Šμ•˜λ˜ μ–΄λŠ λ‚ ,
01:47
and I was in the back of the room being placated by doing math problems,
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μ˜ˆλ°°λ‹Ή 뒀에 앉아 μˆ˜ν•™λ¬Έμ œλ₯Ό ν’€λ©° μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ•Œμš°κ³  μžˆμ„ λ•Œ
01:52
I heard this man say this:
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ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ“€μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:55
"If we can get the children
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"μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 아이듀을
01:57
to participate in this peaceful demonstration here in Birmingham,
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이곳 λ²„λ°μ—„μ˜ ν‰ν™”λ‘œμš΄ μ‹œμœ„μ— μ°Έκ°€ν•˜κ²Œ ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
02:03
we can show America that even children know the difference between right and wrong
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아이듀도 옳고 κ·Έλ¦„μ˜ 차이λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³ ,
02:09
and that children really do want to get the best possible education."
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졜고의 κ΅μœ‘μ„ λ°›κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 전ꡭ에 보여쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."
02:13
And I looked up and said, "Who is that man?"
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고개λ₯Ό λ“€κ³ μ„  λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜κ»˜ "μ € μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λˆ„κ΅¬μ—μš”?"라고 λ¬Όμ—ˆλ”λ‹ˆ,
02:15
And they said his name was Dr. Martin Luther King.
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λ§ˆν‹΄ 루터 ν‚Ή λͺ©μ‚¬λΌκ³  μ–˜κΈ°ν•΄ μ£Όμ‹œλ”κ΅°μš”.
02:18
And I said to my parents, "I've got to go.
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κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λŠ” λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜κ»˜ λ§ν–ˆμ£ . "λ‚œ κ°€μ•Όν•΄.
02:20
I want to go. I want to be a part of this."
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λ‚œ κ°€κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄. μ‹œμœ„μ— μ°Έκ°€ν• κΊΌμ•Ό."
02:22
And they said, "Absolutely not."
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λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ€ "μ ˆλŒ€ μ•ˆλΌ." 라고 ν•˜μ…¨μ£ .
02:24
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:25
And we had a rough go of it.
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그리고 κ·Έ 일은 λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ„ λ‚œμ²˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:27
And at that time, quite frankly, you really did not talk back to your parents.
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κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œμ—λŠ” μ†”μ§νžˆ λΆ€λͺ¨μ—κ²Œ λ§λŒ€κΎΈν•˜λŠ” 일은 μ—†μ—ˆμ£ .
02:30
And somehow I said, "You know, you guys are hypocrites.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ „ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμ–΄μš”. "μ—„λ§ˆ μ•„λΉ€ μœ„μ„ μžλ“€μ΄μ•Ό.
02:32
You make me go to this. You make me listen.
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λ‚  ꡐ회둜 λ°λ €κ°€μ„œ κ·Έ 강연을 λ“£κ²Œ 해놓고선
02:34
The man wants me to go, and now you say no."
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κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ μ°Έκ°€ν•˜λΌκ³  ν–ˆλŠ”λ° μ•ˆλœλ‹€κ³  ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μž–μ•„."
02:37
And they thought about it all night.
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λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜λ“€μ€ λ°€μƒˆ 고민에 빠쑌죠.
02:38
And they came into my room the next morning.
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그리고 λ‹€μŒ λ‚  μ•„μΉ¨ 제 방에 μ˜€μ…¨μ–΄μš”.
02:41
They had not slept.
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ν•œμˆ¨λ„ λͺ»μ£Όλ¬΄μ…¨μ£ .
02:42
They had been literally crying and praying and thinking,
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λ§κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ 울고 κΈ°λ„ν•˜κ³  또 μƒκ°ν•˜μ…¨μ–΄μš”.
02:45
"Will we let our 12-year-old
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"감μ˜₯에 μž‘ν˜€κ°€κ²Œ 될 지도 λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ”데
02:48
participate in this march and probably have to go to jail?"
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이 12μ‚΄ λ‚œ 아이λ₯Ό μ‹œμœ„μ— μ°Έκ°€ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?"
02:52
And they decided to do it.
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κ²°κ΅­ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ κ²°μ‹¬ν•˜μ…¨μ£ .
02:54
And when they came in to tell me,
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κ·Έ 결정을 μ €μ—κ²Œ λ§μ”€ν•΄μ£ΌλŸ¬ μ˜€μ…¨μ„ λ•Œ
02:55
I was at first elated.
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μ²˜μŒμ—λŠ” 의기 μ–‘μ–‘ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:57
And then all of a sudden I began thinking about the dogs and the fire hoses,
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그런데 κ°‘μžκΈ° κ°œμ™€, μ†Œλ°© ν˜ΈμŠ€λ“€μ΄ μƒκ°λ‚˜λ©΄μ„œ
03:01
and I got really scared, I really did.
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정말 λ¬΄μ„œμ›Œμ‘Œμ–΄μš”. 정말 κ·Έλž¬μ–΄μš”.
03:04
And one of the points I make to people all the time
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λ§Œλ‚  λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€ μ œκ°€ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μžˆλŠ”λ°,
03:06
is that sometimes when people do things that are courageous,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ•Œλ‘œ μš©κ°ν•œ 일을 ν•  λ•Œ
03:09
it doesn't really mean that they're that courageous.
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κΌ­ 그듀이 μš©κ°ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆλž€ κ±°μ—μš”.
03:12
It simply means that they believe it's important to do it.
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단지 κ·Έ 일이 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ―ΏλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ˜λ―Έν•˜μ£ .
03:15
I wanted a better education.
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μ €λŠ” 더 λ‚˜μ€ κ΅μœ‘μ„ λ°›κΈΈ μ›ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:16
I did not want to have to have hand-me-down books.
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λ¬Όλ €λ°›λŠ” 책은 λ°›κ³  싢지 μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
03:20
I wanted to know that the school I attended
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μ œκ°€ λ‹€λ‹ˆλŠ” 학ꡐ에 단지 쒋은 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ μžˆλŠ”μ§€ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
03:22
not only had good teachers, but the resources we needed.
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ ν•„μš”ν•œ μžμ›μ΄ μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œκ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:24
And as a result of that experience,
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μ‹œμœ„μ˜ 결과둜
03:26
in the middle of the week, while I was there in jail,
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일주일 κ°„ 감μ˜₯에 κ°‡ν˜€ μžˆλŠ” λ™μ•ˆ
03:28
Dr. King came and said with our parents,
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ν‚Ή λͺ©μ‚¬λ‹˜μ΄ λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ˜€μ…”μ„œλŠ”
03:31
"What you children do this day
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"μ§€κΈˆ λ„ˆμ™€ 같은 아이듀이 ν•œ 일이
03:34
will have an impact on children who have not been born."
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아직 νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ•„μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ 도움이 λ κ±°λž€λ‹€."κ³  ν•˜μ…¨μ£ .
03:39
I recently realized that two-thirds of Americans today
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  λ―Έκ΅­ 인ꡬ의 2/3κ°€
03:43
had not been born at the time of 1963.
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1963λ…„ 이후에 νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ΅œκ·Όμ— κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μ–΄μš”.
03:47
And so for them, when they hear about the Children's Crusade in Birmingham,
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κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” "λ²„λ°ν–„μ˜ 어린이 μ‹­μžκ΅°" 이야기가
03:50
in many ways, if they see it on TV,
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μ—¬λŸ¬ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ, λ§Œμ•½ TVμ—μ„œ λ³Έλ‹€λ©΄ 말이죠,
03:52
it's like our looking at the 1863 "Lincoln" movie:
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마치 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 1863λ…„μ˜ "링컨" μ˜ν™”λ₯Ό λ³΄λŠ” 것과 같을 κ±°μ—μš”.
03:56
It's history.
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그것은 μ—­μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
And the real question is, what lessons did we learn?
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 무엇을 κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜λŠ”κ°€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
Well amazingly, the most important for me was this:
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λ†€λžκ²Œλ„ 제게 κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν–ˆλ˜ 것은,
04:03
That children can be empowered to take ownership of their education.
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아이듀이 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ κ΅μœ‘μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 영ν–₯λ ₯을 λ°œνœ˜ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:08
They can be taught to be passionate
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배우고 μ‹Άμ–΄ν•˜κ³ , μ§ˆλ¬Έν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ”
04:11
about wanting to learn and to love the idea of asking questions.
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열정을 배울 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
04:15
And so it is especially significant
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그리고 특히 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 점은
04:18
that the university I now lead,
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μ§€κΈˆ μ œκ°€ μ΄λ„λŠ”
04:20
the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, UMBC,
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λ©”λ¦΄λžœλ“œ λŒ€ν•™ λ³Όν‹°λͺ¨μ–΄ μΉ΄μš΄ν‹°, UMBCκ°€
04:23
was founded the very year I went to jail with Dr. King, in 1963.
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μ œκ°€ ν‚Ή λͺ©μ‚¬μ™€ 감μ˜₯에 κ°”λ˜ 1963년에 μ„Έμ›Œμ‘Œλ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
04:29
And what made that institutional founding especially important
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λ˜ν•œ 이 λŒ€ν•™μ΄ μ„€λ¦½λœ 것이 νŠΉλ³„νžˆ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 점은
04:33
is that Maryland is the South, as you know,
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μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό 남뢀에 μžˆλŠ” λ©”λ¦΄λžœλ“œμ˜
04:37
and, quite frankly, it was the first university in our state
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우리 μ£Όμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 처음으둜
04:42
founded at a time when students of all races could go there.
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λͺ¨λ“  μΈμ’…μ˜ ν•™μƒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 개방된 ν•™κ΅μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
And so we had black and white students and others who began to attend.
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흑인과 백인, 그리고 λ‹€λ₯Έ 인쒅듀이 ν•¨κ»˜ 학ꡐλ₯Ό λ‹€λ‹ˆκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
04:49
And it has been for 50 years an experiment.
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50λ…„ κ°„μ˜ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ μ§„ν–‰ν•΄μ˜€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
The experiment is this:
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μ‹€ν—˜μ€ λ°”λ‘œ
04:55
Is it possible to have institutions in our country, universities,
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미ꡭ의 ꡐ윑 κΈ°κ΄€κ³Ό λŒ€ν•™μ—
04:59
where people from all backgrounds can come and learn
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 배경의 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ™€μ„œ 배울 수 있고,
05:02
and learn to work together and learn to become leaders
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ν•¨κ»˜ μž‘μ—…ν•˜κ³  μ§€λ„μžκ°€ 되기 μœ„ν•΄ ν•™μŠ΅ν•˜κ³ ,
05:06
and to support each other in that experience?
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κ·Έ κ²½ν—˜μ—μ„œ μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό λ„μšΈ 수 μžˆλŠ” 것이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œκ°€? μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:09
Now what is especially important about that experience for me is this:
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μ €μ—κ²Œ μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 이 μ‹€ν—˜μ„ 톡해 얻은 κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ κΉ¨λ‹¬μŒμ€
05:14
We found that we could do a lot in the arts and humanities and social sciences.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 예술, 인문, 그리고 μ‚¬νšŒ κ³Όν•™ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ λ§Žμ€ 것을 ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆκ³ 
05:19
And so we began to work on that, for years in the '60s.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 60λ…„λŒ€ λ™μ•ˆ κ·Έ μž‘μ—…μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
05:22
And we produced a number of people in law, all the way to the humanities.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 법학과 μΈλ¬Έν•™μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ λ§Žμ€ 인재λ₯Ό μ–‘μ„±ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
05:25
We produced great artists. Beckett is our muse.
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μœ„λŒ€ν•œ μ˜ˆμˆ κ°€λ₯Ό λ°°μΆœν•΄ λƒˆμ–΄μš”. 베켓이 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ˜κ°μ„ μ£Όμ—ˆμ£ .
05:28
A lot of our students get into theater.
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λ§Žμ€ 학생듀이 연극에 μ°Έμ—¬ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
05:30
It's great work.
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λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ μΌμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
05:31
The problem that we faced was the same problem America continues to face --
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§ˆμ£Όν•œ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ€ 미ꡭ이 κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ μ§λ©΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것과 κ°™μ•˜μ–΄μš”.
05:35
that students in the sciences and engineering,
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κ³Όν•™ 및 곡학을 μ „κ³΅ν•˜λŠ”
05:36
black students were not succeeding.
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흑인 학생듀이 μ„±κ³΅ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
05:38
But when I looked at the data,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 자료λ₯Ό λ³΄μ•˜μ„ λ•Œ,
05:40
what I found was that, quite frankly, students in general,
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사싀 일반 학생듀도
05:44
large numbers were not making it.
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λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜κ°€ μ„±κ³΅ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:45
And as a result of that,
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κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό,
05:47
we decided to do something that would help, first of all,
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μš°μ„  ν•˜μœ„ κ³„μΈ΅μ˜ 아프리카계와 νžˆμŠ€νŒ¨λ‹‰ ν•™μƒλ“€μ—κ²Œ
05:50
the group at the bottom, African-American students, and then Hispanic students.
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도움이 될 무언가λ₯Ό ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ κ²°μ •ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
05:55
And Robert and Jane Meyerhoff, philanthropists, said, "We'd like to help."
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λ‘œλ²„νŠΈμ™€ 제인 λ§ˆμ΄μ–΄ν˜Έν”„κ°™μ€ μžμ„ κ°€λ“€μ΄ "돕고 μ‹Άλ‹€"κ³  λ§ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
05:59
Robert Meyerhoff said, "Why is it that everything I see on TV about black boys,
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λ‘œλ²„νŠΈ λ§ˆμ΄μ–΄ν˜Έν”„λŠ”, "μ™œ TV에 λ‚˜μ˜€λŠ” 흑인 아이듀은
06:02
if it's not about basketball, is not positive?
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농ꡬ가 μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ κΈμ •μ μΈκ²Œ μ—†λŠ”κ±°μ£ ?
06:05
I'd like to make a difference, to do something that's positive."
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긍정적인 것을 ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ°”κΎΈκ³  μ‹Άμ–΄μš”." 라고 ν–ˆμ£ .
06:08
We married those ideas, and we created this Meyerhoff Scholars program.
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κ·Έ 생각을 λ°›μ•„λ“€μ—¬, λ©”μ΄μ–΄ν˜Έν”„ μž₯ν•™ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:12
And what is significant about the program
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이 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ—μ„œ νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 점은
06:14
is that we learned a number of things.
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λ§Žμ€ 것듀을 배울 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:16
And the question is this:
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λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μ΄λŸ°κ²ƒμ΄μ£ ,
06:17
How is it that now we lead the country in producing African-Americans
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이 λ‚˜λΌμ˜ 흑인 학생듀을
06:22
who go on to complete Ph.D.'s in science and engineering and M.D./Ph.D.'s?
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κ³Όν•™, 곡학 박사λ₯Ό 마칠 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 이끌 것인가 ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
06:27
That's a big deal. Give me a hand for that. That's a big deal.
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μ•„μ£Ό 큰 μΌμ΄μ—μš”. μ €μ—κ²Œ λ°•μˆ˜ μ³μ£Όμ„Έμš”. 큰 일을 ν•΄λƒˆμ£ .
06:29
That's a big deal. It really is.
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정말 큰 μΌμ΄μ—μš”. μ•„λ¬΄λŸΌμš”.
06:32
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
06:34
You see, most people don't realize
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μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
06:36
that it's not just minorities who don't do well in science and engineering.
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κ³Όν•™κ³Ό 곡학 λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ μ„±κ³΅ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ†Œμˆ˜λ―Όμ‘± 뿐만이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” 것을 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:40
Quite frankly, you're talking about Americans.
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κ½€ λ†€λžμ§€λ§Œ 미ꡭ인도 ν¬ν•¨λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:44
If you don't know it, while 20 percent of blacks and Hispanics
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λ§Œμ•½ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ³  계셨닀면, κ³Όν•™κ³Ό 곡학 λΆ„μ•Όμ˜
06:47
who begin with a major in science and engineering
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전곡을 μ„ νƒν•œ 흑인과 νžˆμŠ€νŒ¨λ‹‰μ˜ 20%만이
06:50
will actually graduate in science and engineering,
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ κ³Όν•™ 및 곡학 μ „κ³΅μœΌλ‘œ μ‘Έμ—…ν•˜λŠ” 반면,
06:52
only 32 percent of whites who begin with majors in those areas
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백인의 32%와 μ•„μ‹œμ•„κ³„ ν•™μƒμ˜ 42% 만이
06:55
actually succeed and graduate in those areas,
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ κ·Έ λΆ„μ•Όλ‘œ 쑸업을 ν•˜κ³ 
06:58
and only 42 percent of Asian-Americans.
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μ„±κ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:00
And so, the real question is, what is the challenge?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ§„μ§œ λ¬Έμ œλŠ”, 무엇이 도전 κ³Όμ œμΈκ°€ ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
07:03
Well a part of it, of course, is K-12.
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λ¬Όλ‘  μΌλΆ€λŠ” μœ μΉ˜μ›λΆ€ν„° κ³ λ“±ν•™κ΅κΉŒμ§€ κ³Όμ •μ˜ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:05
We need to strengthen K-12.
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μœ μΉ˜μ›λΆ€ν„° κ³ λ“±ν•™κ΅κΉŒμ§€μ˜ 과정을 κ°•ν™”ν•΄μ•Όμ§€μš”.
07:07
But the other part has to do with the culture
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ 뢀뢄은 λŒ€ν•™ λ‚΄
07:09
of science and engineering on our campuses.
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κ³Όν•™ 및 κ³΅ν•™μ˜ 문화와 연관이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:12
Whether you know it or not, large numbers of students with high SAT's
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μ•„μ‹œλŠ”μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μ§€λ§Œ, 높은 SAT μ μˆ˜μ™€
07:16
and large numbers of A.P. credits
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λ§Žμ€ AP 점수λ₯Ό 가진 학생듀도
07:17
who go to the most prestigious universities in our country
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κ΅­λ‚΄μ˜ κ°€μž₯ κΆŒμœ„μžˆλŠ” λŒ€ν•™μ˜
07:20
begin in pre-med or pre-engineering and engineering, and they end up changing their majors.
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μ˜λŒ€λ‚˜ κ³΅λŒ€μ— λ“€μ–΄κ°”λ‹€κ°€ 전곡을 λ°”κΎΈμ–΄ μ‘Έμ—…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:25
And the number one reason, we find, quite frankly,
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λ‹€μ†Œ μΆ©κ²©μ μ΄κ²Œλ„ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ°Ύμ•„λ‚Έ 첫번째 μ΄μœ λŠ”
07:27
is they did not do well in first year science courses.
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첫 ν•΄ κ³Όν•™ κ³Όλͺ©μ„ 잘 ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•΄μ„œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:30
In fact, we call first year science and engineering, typically around America,
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사싀, κ΅­λ‚΄ μ–΄λ””μ—μ„œλ“  첫 ν•΄ κ³Όν•™κ³Ό 곡학 과정을
07:34
weed-out courses or barrier courses.
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제거 κ³Όμ •μ΄λ‚˜ μž₯μ• λ¬Ό 과정이라고 λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:36
How many of you in this audience know somebody
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μ—¬κΈ° 계신 λΆ„λ“€ 쀑 주변에
07:38
who started off in pre-med or engineering
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μ˜λŒ€λ‚˜ κ³΅λŒ€λ‘œ μž…ν•™ν•΄μ„œ
07:40
and changed their major within a year or two?
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첫 ν•΄λ‚˜ λ‘˜μ§Έ 해에 전곡을 λ°”κΎΌ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μ•Œκ³  κ³„μ‹ κ°€μš”?
07:42
It's an American challenge. Half of you in the room.
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μ΄κ²ƒμ˜ 미ꡭ의 λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ° 계신 λΆ„λ“€ 쀑 μ ˆλ°˜μ΄λ„€μš”.
07:43
I know. I know. I know.
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λ„€, λ„€, 잘 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
07:45
And what is interesting about that
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ν₯미둜운 것은
07:46
is that so many students are smart and can do it.
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생각보닀 λ§Žμ€ 학생듀이 λ˜‘λ˜‘ν•˜κ³  ν•΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:49
We need to find ways of making it happen.
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그듀이 λκΉŒμ§€ 갈 수 μžˆλŠ” 방법을 μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:51
So what are the four things we did to help minority students
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μ†Œμˆ˜λ―Όμ‘± 학생듀을 돕기 μœ„ν•΄ μ‹œμž‘ν•œ 일듀 쀑
07:54
that now are helping students in general?
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μ§€κΈˆ λͺ¨λ“  ν•™μƒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 도움이 된 λ„€ 가지 일듀은 λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
07:56
Number one: high expectations.
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μ²«μ§ΈλŠ” 높은 κΈ°λŒ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:58
It takes an understanding of the academic preparation of students --
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ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ ν•™μ—… 쀀비에 λŒ€ν•œ 이해가 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:02
their grades, the rigor of the course work,
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성적, ꡐ과 κ³Όμ •μ˜ 엄격함,
08:05
their test-taking skills, their attitude,
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μ‹œν—˜ λ³΄λŠ” 기술, νƒœλ„,
08:07
the fire in their belly, the passion for the work, to make it.
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λ‚΄μž¬λœ 열망, 학업에 λŒ€ν•œ μ—΄μ • 등이 μ„±κ³΅ν•˜κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:10
And so doing things to help students prepare to be in that position, very important.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 학생듀이 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 쀀비될 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ•λŠ” 일은 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:14
But equally important, it takes an understanding that it's hard work that makes the difference.
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λ˜ν•œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 점은 차이λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것은 νž˜λ“  λ…Έλ ₯μ΄λΌλŠ” 것이죠.
08:19
I don't care how smart you are or how smart you think you are.
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ˜‘λ˜‘ν•œμ§€, ν˜Ήμ€ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ˜‘λ˜‘ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„μš”.
08:22
Smart simply means you're ready to learn.
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λ˜‘λ˜‘ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 건 단지 배울 μ€€λΉ„κ°€ λ˜μ–΄μžˆλ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:24
You're excited about learning and you want to ask good questions.
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λ°°μš°λŠ” 것이 즐겁고 쒋은 μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€μ„ ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
08:27
I. I. Rabi, a Nobel laureate, said that when he was growing up in New York,
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노벨상 수μž₯자인 I.I. λΌλΉ„λŠ” λ‰΄μš•μ—μ„œ μžλž„ λ•Œ
08:32
all of his friends' parents would ask them
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μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ˜ λΆ€λͺ¨λ“€μ€ λͺ¨λ‘
08:34
"What did you learn in school?" at the end of a day.
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"ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œ 뭘 λ°°μ› λ‹ˆ?"라고 λ¬»λŠ” λ°˜λ©΄μ—
08:37
And he said, in contrast, his Jewish mother would say,
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그의 μœ λŒ€μΈ μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ”
08:40
"Izzy, did you ask a good question today?"
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"이지야, 였늘 쒋은 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν–ˆλ‹ˆ?"라고 λ¬Όμ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μ–˜κΈ°ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
08:43
And so high expectations have to do with curiosity
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즉 ν˜ΈκΈ°μ‹¬μ— λŒ€ν•œ 높은 κΈ°λŒ€λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ•Όν•˜κ³ 
08:46
and encouraging young people to be curious.
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학생듀이 ν˜ΈκΈ°μ‹¬μ„ 갖도둝 λΆλ‹μ•„μ€˜μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:49
And as a result of those high expectations,
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그리고 κ·Έ 높은 κΈ°λŒ€μ˜ 결과둜,
08:50
we began to find students we wanted to work with
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도움을 주고자 ν•  학생듀을 μ°Ύκ³ 
08:53
to see what could we do to help them,
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그듀을 돕기 μœ„ν•΄ 무엇을 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ°ΎκΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:54
not simply to survive in science and engineering,
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단지 κ³Όν•™κ³Ό 곡학 λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ μ‚΄μ•„λ‚¨λŠ” κ²ƒλΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
08:57
but to become the very best, to excel.
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μ΅œκ³ κ°€ 되게 ν•˜κ³ , λˆ„κ΅¬λ³΄λ‹€ λ›°μ–΄λ‚˜κ²Œ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ λ§μ΄μ§€μš”.
09:00
Interestingly enough, an example:
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ν₯λ―Έλ‘­κ²Œλ„, 예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄
09:02
One young man who earned a C in the first course and wanted to go on to med school,
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1ν•™λ…„ κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ Cλ₯Ό 받은 학생이 의예과λ₯Ό κ°€κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•˜λ©΄,
09:07
we said, "We need to have you retake the course,
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μž¬μˆ˜κ°•μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μ‘°μ–Έν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:09
because you need a strong foundation if you're going to move to the next level."
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λ‹€μŒ λ‹¨κ³„λ‘œ κ°€κΈ° 전에 λ“ λ“ ν•œ 기반이 ν•„μš”ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
09:13
Every foundation makes the difference in the next level.
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λͺ¨λ“  κΈ°μ΄ˆλŠ” λ‹€μŒ 단계에 차이λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:16
He retook the course.
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κ·Έ 학생은 과정을 μž¬μˆ˜κ°•ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
09:17
That young man went on to graduate from UMBC,
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그리고 UMBCλ₯Ό μ‘Έμ—…ν•˜κ³  λ‚˜μ„œ
09:19
to become the first black to get the M.D./Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania.
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νŽœμ‹€λ² λ‹ˆμ•„λŒ€ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œ 첫번째둜 μ˜ν•™λ°•μ‚¬ ν•™μœ„λ₯Ό 받은 첫번째 흑인이 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:23
He now works at Harvard.
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ ν•˜λ²„λ“œμ—μ„œ μΌν•˜κ³  μžˆμ§€μš”.
09:25
Nice story. Give him a hand for that too.
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멋진 이야기죠. κ·Έλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ λ°•μˆ˜ λΆ€νƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:27
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
09:29
Secondly, it's not about test scores only.
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λ‘˜μ§Έ, 단지 μ‹œν—˜ 점수의 λ¬Έμ œλ§Œμ€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:32
Test scores are important, but they're not the most important thing.
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μ‹œν—˜ μ μˆ˜λ„ μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
09:34
One young woman had great grades, but test scores were not as high.
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ν•œ 여학생은 성적은 μ’‹μ§€λ§Œ μ‹œν—˜ μ μˆ˜κ°€ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ 쒋지 μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
09:37
But she had a factor that was very important.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ νŠΉμ§•μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
09:39
She never missed a day of school, K-12.
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μœ μΉ˜μ›κ³Ό μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅ κ³Όμ • λ™μ•ˆ ν•œ λ²ˆλ„ 학ꡐ에 빠진 일이 μ—†μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
09:42
There was fire in that belly.
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κ·Έ μ•ˆμ— 열정이 κ°€λ“ν•œκ±°μ£ .
09:44
That young woman went on, and she is today with an M.D./Ph.D. from Hopkins.
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κ·Έ 학생은 계속 κ³΅λΆ€ν•΄μ„œ, μ§€κΈˆμ€ ν™‰ν‚¨μŠ€λŒ€ν•™μ—μ„œ μ˜ν•™λ°•μ‚¬λ₯Ό λ§ˆμ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:48
She's on the faculty, tenure track in psychiatry, Ph.D. in neuroscience.
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μ‹ κ²½ κ³Όν•™ 뢄야에 λ°•μ‚¬ν•™μœ„λ₯Ό λ°›κ³  μ •μ‹ κ³Ό ꡐ수둜 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
09:52
She and her adviser have a patent on a second use of Viagra for diabetes patients.
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그녀와 μ§€λ„κ΅μˆ˜λŠ” 비아그라λ₯Ό 당뇨병 μΉ˜λ£Œμ— μ „μš©ν•˜λŠ” μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ— λŒ€ν•΄ νŠΉν—ˆλ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:57
Big hand for her. Big hand for her.
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κ·Έλ…€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λ°•μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ³μ£Όμ„Έμš”. λ°•μˆ˜ λΆ€νƒν•΄μš”.
09:59
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
10:01
And so high expectations, very important.
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즉 높은 κΈ°λŒ€λŠ”, 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:03
Secondly, the idea of building community among the students.
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κ·Έ λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ 학생듀 사이에 곡동체λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것이죠.
10:06
You all know that so often in science and engineering
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κ³Όν•™κ³Ό 곡학을 생각할 λ•Œ
10:09
we tend to think cutthroat.
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ μΉ˜μ—΄ν•˜κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ 잘 μ•„μ‹€κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:10
Students are not taught to work in groups.
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학생듀은 그룹으둜 ν™œλ™ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ°°μš°μ§€ μ•Šμ•„μš”.
10:13
And that's what we work to do with that group
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 그룹으둜 ν•˜λŠ” 일은
10:15
to get them to understand each other,
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μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ„λ‘
10:16
to build trust among them, to support each other,
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μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό μ‹ λ’°ν•˜κ³ , μ„œλ‘œ λ„μšΈ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•˜κ³ ,
10:19
to learn how to ask good questions,
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 쒋은 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό λ°°μš°λ„λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:21
but also to learn how to explain concepts with clarity.
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λ˜ν•œ λΆ„λͺ…ν•˜κ²Œ κ°œλ…μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 방법도 λ°°μš°μ§€μš”.
10:24
As you know, it's one thing to earn an A yourself,
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μ•„μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, A학점을 λ°›κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 방법 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ§€μš”.
10:26
it's another thing to help someone else do well.
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또 ν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 이듀이 잘 ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ•λŠ” μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:28
And so to feel that sense of responsibility makes all the difference in the world.
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λ˜ν•œ μ±…μž„κ°μ΄ 세상에 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ˜¨λ‹€λŠ” 것을 깨닫도둝 ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:32
So building community among those students, very important.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 학생듀 사이에 곡동체λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 일은 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:35
Third, the idea of, it takes researchers to produce researchers.
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μ…‹μ§Έλ‘œ μ—°κ΅¬μžλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬μžκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:40
Whether you're talking about artists producing artists
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μ˜ˆμˆ κ°€λ₯Ό ν‚€μš°λŠ” μ˜ˆμˆ κ°€κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ±°λ‚˜,
10:43
or you're talking about people getting into the social sciences,
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μ‚¬νšŒ 과학을 κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ μ‚¬μ΄λ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°€μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λ“ μ§€,
10:46
whatever the discipline -- and especially in science and engineering, as in art, for example --
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μ–΄λ–€ λΆ„μ•Ό - 특히 κ³Όν•™, 곡학, μ˜ˆμˆ λ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ - 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄,
10:50
you need scientists to pull the students into the work.
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학생듀을 κ·Έ λΆ„μ•Όλ‘œ 이끌기 μœ„ν•œ κ³Όν•™μžκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜μ£ .
10:53
And so our students are working in labs regularly.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 우리 학생듀은 μ—°κ΅¬μ‹€μ—μ„œ μ •κΈ°μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‹€μŠ΅μ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:56
And one great example that you'll appreciate:
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μ•„μ£Ό 쒋은 μ˜ˆλ‘œλŠ”,
10:58
During a snowstorm in Baltimore several years ago,
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λͺ‡ λ…„ μ „ λ³Όν‹°λͺ¨μ–΄μ— λˆˆλ³΄λΌκ°€ μΉ  λ•Œ
11:01
the guy on our campus with this Howard Hughes Medical Institute grant
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우리 λŒ€ν•™μ˜ ν•˜μ›Œλ“œ 휴즈 μ˜ν•™ μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œμ—μ„œ μΌν•˜λŠ” ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄
11:05
literally came back to work in his lab after several days,
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λ©°μΉ  ν›„μ—λ‚˜ μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œμ— λŒμ•„μ˜¬ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
11:09
and all these students had refused to leave the lab.
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그러자 λͺ¨λ“  학생듀은 μ‹€ν—˜μ‹€μ„ λ– λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šκ² λ‹€κ³  ν–ˆμ—ˆμ£ .
11:13
They had food they had packed out.
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싸가지고 온 μŒμ‹μ„ 먹으며 그곳에 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
11:15
They were in the lab working,
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μ—°κ΅¬μ‹€μ—μ„œ μ‹€μŠ΅μ„ κ³„μ†ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:16
and they saw the work, not as schoolwork, but as their lives.
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κ·Έ 일을 과제둜 λ³Έ 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ‚ΆμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•œκ±°μ£ .
11:20
They knew they were working on AIDS research.
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그듀은 μ—μ΄μ¦ˆ 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
11:22
They were looking at this amazing protein design.
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λ†€λΌμš΄ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό 보고 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜κ±°μ—μš”.
11:25
And what was interesting was each one of them focused on that work.
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ν₯미둜운 것은 ν•˜λ‚˜ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ κ·Έ 일에 μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:30
And he said, "It doesn't get any better than that."
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"이보닀 더 쒋을 μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ–΄μš”."라고 ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”.
11:32
And then finally, if you've got the community
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, 곡동체에 μ†ν•΄μžˆμ„ λ•Œ
11:34
and you've got the high expectations and you've got researchers producing researchers,
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높은 κΈ°λŒ€λ₯Ό κ°€μ§ˆ 수 있고 μ—°κ΅¬μžλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬μžκ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:37
you have to have people who are willing as faculty
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κ΅μˆ˜κ°€ 되고자 ν•˜λŠ” 이듀도
11:40
to get involved with those students, even in the classroom.
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κ΅μ‹€μ—μ„œλ„ 학생듀과 μ–΄μšΈλ €μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:43
I'll never forget a faculty member calling the staff and saying,
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λ‹΄λ‹Ή 직원을 ν˜ΈμΆœν•΄μ„œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•œ ꡐ수λ₯Ό μžŠμ§€ λͺ»ν•΄μš”.
11:46
"I've got this young man in class, a young black guy,
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"우리 κ°•μ˜μ— μ°Έμ„ν•˜λŠ” ν•œ μ Šμ€ 흑인 학생이
11:48
and he seems like he's just not excited about the work.
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단지 κ·Έ μž‘μ—…μ— μ—΄μ€‘ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 것 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
11:51
He's not taking notes. We need to talk to him."
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λ…ΈνŠΈ 필기도 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„μš”. μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό ν•œ 번 ν•΄λ΄μ•Όκ² μ–΄μš”."
11:54
What was significant was that the faculty member was observing every student
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 κ΅μˆ˜μ§„λ“€μ΄ λͺ¨λ“  학생을 κ΄€μ°°ν•˜κ³ 
11:57
to understand who was really involved and who was not
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λˆ„κ°€ 정말 μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κ³ 
12:00
and was saying, "Let me see how I can work with them.
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"μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이 학생듀과 ν•¨κ»˜ 일할 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ 봐야겠어
12:03
Let me get the staff to help me out."
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λ‹΄λ‹Ή 직원을 λ„μ™€μ€˜μ•Όμ§€."라고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
12:04
It was that connecting.
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이런 연결을 톡해
12:05
That young man today is actually a faculty member M.D./Ph.D. in neuroengineering at Duke.
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κ·Έ μ Šμ€μ΄λŠ” μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 듀크 λŒ€ν•™μ—μ„œ μ‹ κ²½ 곡학 박사가 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:10
Give him a big hand for that.
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κ·Έμ—κ²Œλ„ 큰 λ°•μˆ˜ λ³΄λ‚΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
12:11
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
12:13
And so the significance is that we have now developed this model
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κ²°κ΅­ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 단지 평가λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ ꡐ윑이 μ•„λ‹Œ
12:18
that is helping us, not only finally with evaluation, assessing what works.
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μ–΄λ–€ 것이 우리λ₯Ό 도와쀄 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ 평가할 수 μžˆλŠ” κ΅μœ‘μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:22
And what we learned was that we needed to think about redesigning courses.
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ꡐ윑 과정을 μž¬μ„€κ³„μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„±μ„ κΉ¨λ‹«κ³ 
12:26
And so we redesigned chemistry, we redesigned physics.
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ν™”ν•™κ³Ό 물리학 과정을 μž¬μ„€κ³„ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:28
But now we are looking at redesigning the humanities and social sciences.
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이제 인문학과 μ‚¬νšŒκ³Όν•™μ„ μž¬μ„€κ³„ν•˜λ € ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
12:32
Because so many students are bored in class.
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λ§Žμ€ 학생듀이 κ°•μ˜ μ‹œκ°„μ— 지루해 ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
12:34
Do you know that?
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μ•Œκ³  κ³„μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
12:36
Many students, K-12 and in universities,
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μœ μΉ˜μ›λΆ€ν„° 고등학ꡐ κ³Όμ •κ³Ό λŒ€ν•™ κ³Όμ •μ˜ λ§Žμ€ 학생듀이
12:37
don't want to just sit there and listen to somebody talk.
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단지 ꡐ싀에 앉아 λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€ μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ“£κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•˜λŠ”κ²Œ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:40
They need to be engaged.
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ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ μ°Έμ—¬κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:41
And so we have done -- if you look at our website at the Chemistry Discovery Center,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν•œ 일은, 저희 ν™”ν•™ 발견 μ„Όν„° ν™ˆνŽ˜μ΄μ§€λ₯Ό λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄
12:45
you'll see people coming from all over the country
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μ „κ΅­ κ°μ§€μ—μ„œ 온 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
12:47
to look at how we are redesigning courses,
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과정을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž¬μ„€κ³„ν•˜μ—¬
12:49
having an emphasis on collaboration, use of technology,
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ν˜‘λ™κ³Ό 기술의 μ‚¬μš©μ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³ 
12:53
using problems out of our biotech companies on our campus,
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ꡐ내 생λͺ… 곡학 νšŒμ‚¬λ“€μ˜ 연ꡬ과 제λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜λŠ”μ§€,
12:56
and not giving students the theories,
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그리고 ν•™μƒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 이둠을 μ£Όμž…ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
12:58
but having them struggle with those theories.
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그듀이 이 이둠을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 슀슀둜 배우게 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ λ³΄λŸ¬μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:00
And it's working so well that throughout our university system in Maryland,
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λ©”λ¦΄λžœλ“œμ˜ 우리 λŒ€ν•™ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ€ μ „μ²΄μ μœΌλ‘œ 잘 μž‘λ™ν•˜κ³  있고,
13:04
more and more courses are being redesigned.
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점점 더 λ§Žμ€ 과정이 λ³€κ²½λ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:06
It's called academic innovation.
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ꡐ윑 ν˜μ‹ μ΄λΌ λΆˆλ¦¬μ§€μš”.
13:08
And what does all of that mean?
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이 λͺ¨λ“  것이 무엇을 μ˜λ―Έν• κΉŒμš”?
13:09
It means that now, not just in science and engineering,
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이제 단지 κ³Όν•™κ³Ό 곡학 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
13:12
we now have programs in the arts, in the humanities, in the social sciences,
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μ‚¬νšŒ κ³Όν•™, 인문학, 예술,
13:16
in teacher education, even particularly for women in I.T.
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κ΅μœ‘ν•™κ³Ό, 특히 여성을 μœ„ν•œ IT λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:21
If you don't know it, there's been a 79-percent decline
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μ•„μ‹œλŠ”μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μ§€λ§Œ, 2000λ…„ μ΄ν›„λ‘œ
13:25
in the number of women majoring in computer science just since 2000.
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컴퓨터 과학을 μ „κ³΅ν•˜λŠ” μ—¬μ„±μ˜ μˆ˜κ°€ 79%λ‚˜ κ°μ†Œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:29
And what I'm saying is that what will make the difference
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그리고 μ œκ°€ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λŠ” λ°”λŠ”
13:32
will be building community among students,
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학생듀과 곡동체λ₯Ό κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜κ³ ,
13:35
telling young women, young minority students and students in general,
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μ—¬μ„±, μ†Œμˆ˜ 학생듀과 ν‰λ²”ν•œ ν•™μƒλ“€μ—κ²Œ
13:38
you can do this work.
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ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” 것이 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ˜¬ κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:39
And most important, giving them a chance to build that community
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그리고 κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은
13:42
with faculty pulling them into the work
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κ΅μˆ˜μ§„κ³Όμ˜ ν˜‘λ™ μž‘μ—… 기회λ₯Ό μ£ΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:44
and our assessing what works and what does not work.
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그리고 이것이 도움이 λ˜λŠ”μ§€μ˜ μ—¬λΆ€λ₯Ό ν‰κ°€ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:47
Most important, if a student has a sense of self,
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κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은, 학생이 슀슀둜λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  있기만 ν•˜λ©΄
13:51
it is amazing how the dreams and the values
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λ†€λžκ²Œλ„ 꿈과 κ°€μΉ˜κ°€
13:54
can make all the difference in the world.
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μ„Έμƒμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  차이λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:56
When I was a 12-year-old child in the jail in Birmingham,
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μ œκ°€ 열두 μ‚΄λ•Œ 버밍엄 감μ˜₯μ—μ„œ
13:59
I kept thinking, "I wonder what my future could be."
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"λ‚΄ λ―Έλž˜κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 될지 κΆκΈˆν•΄"라고 계속 μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
14:03
I had no idea that it was possible for this little black boy in Birmingham
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μ–΄λŠ λ‚  λ²„λ°ν–„μ˜ 이 μž‘μ€ 흑인 아이가
14:08
to one day be president of a university that has students from 150 countries,
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150κ°œκ΅­μ—μ„œ 온 학생듀이 있고,
14:13
where students are not there just to survive,
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단지 κ²½μŸμ„ ν•˜λŠ” 곳이 μ•„λ‹Œ
14:16
where they love learning, where they enjoy being the best,
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배우기λ₯Ό 즐기고, μ΅œκ³ κ°€ λ˜λŠ” 것을 즐기며
14:20
where they will one day change the world.
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μ–Έμ  κ°€λŠ” 세상을 λ°”κΏ€ λŒ€ν•™μ˜ 총μž₯이 될 쀄은 λͺ°λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:22
Aristotle said, "Excellence is never an accident.
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μ•„λ¦¬μŠ€ν† ν…”λ ˆμŠ€λŠ” "μ΅œκ³ λŠ” κ²°μ½” μš°μ—°νžˆ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€.
14:26
It is the result of high intention, sincere effort and intelligent execution.
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높은 μ˜λ„μ™€ μ„±μ‹€ν•œ λ…Έλ ₯κ³Ό λ˜‘λ˜‘ν•œ μ‹€ν–‰μ˜ 결과이닀.
14:32
It represents the wisest option among many alternatives."
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λ§Žμ€ λŒ€μ•ˆλ“€ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ ν˜„λͺ…ν•œ 선택을 λœ»ν•œλ‹€."κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:35
And then he said something that gives me goosebumps.
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λ˜ν•œ μ†Œλ¦„μ΄ λ‹λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 말도 ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
14:38
He said, "Choice, not chance, determines your destiny."
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"μš°μ—°μ΄ μ•„λ‹Œ 선택이 λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ 운λͺ…을 κ²°μ •ν•œλ‹€"
14:43
Choice, not chance, determines your destiny, dreams and values.
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μš°μ—°μ΄ μ•„λ‹Œ 선택이 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 운λͺ…κ³Ό 꿈과 κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:51
Thank you all very much.
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λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:53
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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